there is a volcanic island with a single population of mice that covers the island. a volcanic eruption occurs and splits the original population in two (a1 and a2). you had collected samples of dna from the original population a prior to the eruption, as well as the two populations that resulted after the volcanic eruption. your descendants have fortunately inherited your fascination with rodent genetics. fifty thousand years after the original volcanic eruption, your descendants return to the island and repeat the same sampling and dna sequencing strategy.
Low variation descendants return to the island and repeat the same sampling and dna sequencing strategy.
Briefing :The more time that passes, the more sequence discrepancies between two populations accumulate. It is more likely that genetic variation in DNA sequences will be relatively minimal within populations.
What is genetic variation?The difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a group is referred to as genetic variation. Variation occurs in both germ cells (sperm and egg) and somatic (all other) cells.
In terms of genes Persons with blue eyes, for example, have one allele of the eye color gene, whereas people with brown eyes have a different allele of the gene.
What causes genetic variation?Mutation (which can create whole new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring) can all cause genetic variety.
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In a short essay (100-150 words), discuss how different types of energy investment by females contribute to the reproductive success of a frog, a chicken, and a human.
Frogs lay eggs and incubate them themselves. Once the egg is formed there is no interaction between the frog and its offspring.
Instead, they produce a large number of eggs, resulting in high reproductive success. Females spend less energy on eggs than humans or chickens.
Chickens lay eggs through sexual reproduction. When it lays an egg, it hatches the egg. This takes from 21 days to 1 month. Therefore, the energy investment for hatching eggs is higher for chickens than for frogs. Chickens have a lower reproductive success rate than frogs because they lay less eggs than frogs.
Humans do not lay eggs. They go through the embryonic stage to form a zygote that matures offspring. Their energy investment phase is longer than others, as they take nine months to feed a fertilized egg.
Reproductive success is low because only one fertilized egg is produced at a time
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which will increase the heart rate? group of answer choices norepinephrine stimulation of the sa node by sympathetic nerves acetylcholine stimulation of the sa node by sympathetic nerves acetylcholine stimulation of the sa node by parasympathetic nerves norepinephrine stimulation of the sa node by parasympathetic nerves
The factor that will increase the heart rate is norepinephrine stimulation of the SA node by parasympathetic nerves. So the correct option is D.
What is heart rate?The amount of times your heart beats in a minute is known as your heart rate. Your body adjusts your heart rate naturally to fit what you're doing or what's going on around you. Because of this, your heart rate increases at times of activity, excitement, or fear and decreases during times of rest, serenity, or comfort.
Your heart rate is a crucial sign of your general health. A high or sluggish heart rate may indicate a cardiac condition or other health issues. Having the capacity to feel your heartbeat all around your body may also help doctors identify medical issues.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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Explain why destroying the remaining tropical forests might harm humans and lead to a mass extinction.
identify all of the following that are functions of proteins. multiple select question. support and structure energy storage transport molecules antibodies for defense genetic material enzymes
Functions of proteins are support and structure transport molecules.
What is protein ?
A protein is a naturally occurring, extremely complex molecule composed of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds. Proteins can be present in all living things and contain a wide range of vital biological components such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.
What are the function of proteins?Protein serves numerous functions in your body. It aids in the repair and growth of tissues, allows metabolic reactions to occur, and organizes biological operations. Proteins not only provide a structural basis for your body, but they also maintain optimum pH and fluid balance.
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How does water enter the atmosphere?(select all that apply)
Evaporation
Runoff
Transpiration
Precipitation
50 points look at screenshot
Carbohydrate: starches and sugars, glucose and sucrose
lipids: can be utilized for energy if sugars are not available
protiens: DNA or RNA, antibodies
nucleic acid: forms hydrophobic part of membrane
The cardiovascular system does not group of answer choices carry the carbon dioxide exhaled by the pulmonary system. carry the oxygen used by the muscles. carry the nutrients absorbed by the digestive system. carry the hormones released by the endocrine system. control when muscles contract.
The cardiovascular system does not control when muscles contract.
The circulatory machine affords oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes away wastes. The coronary heart pumps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood on aspects. The types of blood vessels encompass arteries, capillaries, and veins.
The vascular tool or the human circulatory machine consists of the coronary heart, the blood vessels-the arteries, the veins, the capillaries, and the specialised fluid connective tissue, blood.
Heart and blood vessels, the components of the cardiovascular device, are important due to the fact they carry oxygen, nutrients, and distinct top subjects to each cell for your body. similarly, they cast off carbon dioxide and waste. This supply of nutrients and the removal of waste is the principle function of the cardiovascular machine.
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Why is the thick mucus in daniel's lungs a sign that he might have cystic fibrosis?
Without the CFTR, mucus cannot be thinned.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that causes problems with breathing and digestion. CF affects about 35,000 people in the United States.
How is the CFTR position altered in people with cystic fibrosis?The CFTR channel is not present. Slime cannot be thinned without the CFTR. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that causes breathing and digestion problems.In the United States, approximately 35,000 people have CF. Mutations or changes in the CFTR gene cause cystic fibrosis. This gene encodes the instructions for the body to produce the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The protein is in charge of maintaining the salt and water balance in the lungs and other tissues. CFTR is a complex protein that is found on the surface membrane of cells in a wide range of tissues and functions as a regulated chloride ion channel.To learn more about Cystic fibrosis, refer
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The experiment that showed that the amount of a,t.g and c is the same from species to species is?
The experiment that showed that the amount of A, T, G and C is the same from species to species is Chargaff's experiment.
Chargaff's experiment determined the concentrations of the nitrogenous bases present in the DNA of the species. He concluded that amount of A and T as well as G and C remains the same in every species. This was proved by performing paper chromatography and UV spectrophotometry.
The amounts of adenine (A) and thymine (T) is the same because they form bonds with each other only. Similar is the case with guanine (G) and cytosine (C). A and T form double bonds while G and C form triple bonds.
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Describe how an island's size and distance from the mainland affect the island's species richness.
An island's size and distance from the mainland will affect the island's species richness in that immigration of species to islands declines with distance from the mainland and increases with island area.
What is an Island?This is defined as an isolated piece of habitat which is surrounded by another such as water and species richness in the region varies according to different factors.
Immigration of species( species richness) to islands declines with distance from the mainland and increases with island area which is how the species richness is affected in this type of scenario and makes it the correct choice.
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Explain why a population that fits the logistic growth model increases more rapidly at intermediate size than at relatively small and large sizes.
Toxins in the environment can aggravate ailments like cancer, heart disease, and respiratory problems. Low-income individuals are more likely to reside in contaminated locations and have access to contaminated water. In addition, the risk of pollution-related health issues is higher for children and pregnant women.
What environmental factors affect health ?There are numerous specific environmental issues that can be harmful to people's health and wellness. Chemical pollution, air pollution, climate change, pathogenic bacteria, lack of access to health care, inadequate infrastructure, and poor water quality are some of these problems.
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Which structure is at a different level of organisation from the other three?
7
A kidney
B liver
C neurone
D testis
Neuron structure is at a different level of organization from the other three. Correct option is C.
The other three options (A kidney, B liver, and D testis) are all organs, which are structures composed of multiple tissues that work together to perform specific functions in the body.
A kidney is an organ responsible for filtering blood, removing waste products, and regulating fluid balance in the body.
The liver is another organ that plays a crucial role in metabolism, detoxification, and the synthesis of important molecules.
The testis is the male reproductive organ responsible for producing sperm and male sex hormones.
On the other hand, a neuron (neuron) is a different level of organization. Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system and function as individual nerve cells. They are specialized cells responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout the body. Neurons come together to form nervous tissues, which, along with other types of tissues, make up the organs and systems that control the body's responses to various stimuli and help coordinate its functions.
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What is the function of the initiator caspase? what is the function of the executioner caspase?
Answer:
Explanation:
The apoptotic response is usually initiated by initiator caspases, whereas executioner caspases are responsible for the regulation of the extensive protein degradation, which results in cell death. Executioner caspases potentially disrupt a wide range of specific peptide molecules, causing cells to undergo typical apoptosis disintegration. The initiator caspases usually send the initial apoptotic message to initiate the process of apoptosis. Executioner caspases are activated by initiator caspases, who then synchronize their actions to destroy essential architectural subunits and stimulate various enzymes.
Apoptosis inhibitors are several extremely characterized molecules that regulate caspase activation and immunological signals. These are antiapoptotic polypeptide groups that primarily bind to caspase 3, 7, and 9 and inhibit the activation. They also stop cells from dying by interfering with cellular division, cell cycle regulation, or signalling systems.
why can we use anaerobic respiration to describe the process of fermentation
Answer:
Both fermentation and anaerobic respiration occur in the absence of oxygen.
Explanation:
Fermentation is the breakdown of sugars, such as glucose and sucrose, with the absence of oxygen, in a plant.
how would you describe the appearance of a mature monocyte seen in a wright's stained peripheral blood smear?
It would be described as Blue-gray opaque cytoplasm. Nucleus may have convolutions
This is further explained below.
What is cytoplasm?Generally, Cytoplasm is a jelly-like fluid that may be found throughout the inside of a cell. It is made up of many types of organic molecules in addition to water and salts.
Some of the organelles found within the cell, such as the nucleus and the mitochondria, are separated from the cytoplasm by membranes that completely encase them.
When discussing genomics, the term "nucleus" refers to the organelle inside a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and houses the chromosomes.
There is a network of openings, or pores, in the nuclear membrane, which allows for the entry and exit of certain molecules (such as proteins and nucleic acids) into and out of the nucleus in a controlled manner.
In conclusion,It has a cytoplasm that is opaque and has a blue-gray color to it. Nucleus may have convolutions
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Atp is necessary for life because ________. it is the principal energy carrying molecule in a cell
In conclusion, the statement 'Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is necessary for life because it is the principal energy-carrying molecule in a cell' is TRUE.
What is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy coin of cells used to carry out metabolic functions such as growth, reproduction, differentiation, etc.
The energy released by the hydrolysis of phosphate bonds in the Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule is used to couple it with energy requiring chemical reactions in the cell.
In conclusion, the statement 'Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is necessary for life because it is the principal energy-carrying molecule in a cell' is TRUE.
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When one or both copies of a gene are the ______ allele, then this allele's form of the trait will be exhibited
When one or both copies of a gene are the dominant allele, then this allele's form of the trait will be exhibited.
In the field of genetics, we can simply describe alleles as the variant forms of a single gene.
It is due to the expression of an allele that certain characteristics are observed in an organism.
For a trait to express itself in the phenotype, the allele for the trait either needs to be homozygous dominant or heterozygous dominant.
An allele that is able to mask the effect of the other allele of the same type is referred to as the dominant allele. An allele that gets masked by the other allele is referred to as the recessive allele.
For a trait to express itself, the allele needs to be dominant i.e either one copy of the dominant allele should be present or both the alleles should be dominant. In case both the alleles are recessive, then the recessive trait will be expressed.
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Where is the monarch butterfly decline occurring?
Answer: California: I have no clue my friend helped me.
Explanation: Nothing further to explain.
During exponential growth, a population always a. has a constant, instantaneous per capita growth rate. b. quickly reaches its carrying capacity. c. cycles through time. d. loses some individuals to emigration.
According to the given statement Has a constant, instantaneous per capita growth rate.
The correct option is A.
Why is growth rate important?The percentage changes in a particular variable over a predetermined period of time are known as growth rates. Depending on whether the magnitude of the variable is growing or shrinking over time, growth rates can either be positive or negative.
What is an example of a growth rate?Growth rates accumulate with time; if a variable's growth rate is constant, the change in the variable will only get bigger with time. Assume, for instance, that GDP will be 20.0 in 2020 and will increase by 10% annually. The GDP is 22.0 in 2021 (an rise of 2.0), but it is 24.2 in 2022. (an increase of 2.2).
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2. Describe how natural selection can occur in a population
Answer:
Natural selection requires variation between individual's genes. Mutations and sexual reproduction increase genetic variation in a population. Natural selection occurs when environmental pressures favor certain traits of a species that are passed on to the next generation of offspring.
Hope this helps and good luck! = 0 ω 0 =
Answer:
Natural selection occurs during genetic mutations within the process of reproductions; these now altered or mutated genes cause the offspring to increase, as the organism undergoes the process of natural selection. This leads to evolution and new traits.
➲ Natural SelectionNatural selection is the process in which organisms whom are adapted to their environment tend to survive more and produce offspring more than usual. This process helps with more lifeforms become existent, and also proves the theory of evolution, which originated from Charles Darwin's evolution theory.
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Cells can move substances directly across their membranes in three general ways: simple diffusion and ________ diffusion, which do not require energy, and _______ transport which requires an input of energy.
Answer: facilitated active
Explanation:
Cells can move substances directly across their membranes in three general ways: simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion, which do not require energy, and active transport which requires an input of energy.
What is membrane transport?Membrane transport is the mechanism by which solutions and ions are passed across plasma membranes. The membrane, being composed of phospholipids, will generate a part of it that is hydrophobic, which is the part that faces the extracellular and intracellular spaces, and a hydrophilic part that faces the center of the plasma membrane. These characteristics mean that there is a certain degree of fluidity through it depending on its composition and temperature.
This then causes selectivity in it, for this reason it is necessary to form certain channels that allow the passage of compounds that cannot pass through it due to their size or electrical charge. within the types of transport we find: simple diffusion that is through phospholipids and does not require energy, facilitated diffusion that is through channels by its electrochemical gradient and does not require energy and active transport that does require energy and is through of channels.
Therefore, we can confirm that cells can move substances directly across their membranes in three general ways: simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion, which do not require energy, and active transport which requires an input of energy.
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Explain why blood has a higher O₂ concentration in the pulmonary veins than in the venae cavae, which are also veins.
This blood is oxygenated blood that originates from the lungs. As a result, pulmonary vein blood has a higher oxygen content than vena cava blood when it is transported to the left atrium of the heart.
Why is there oxygen in the pulmonary vein?Pulmonary veins are one of the rare veins that transmit oxygenated blood in this situation, whereas veins often return deoxygenated blood from tissues to the heart. The pulmonary veins that empty into the left atrium carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.
The amount of oxygen that a person's blood can transport is indicated by their oxygen saturation. Even when given 100% oxygen to breathe, healthy people have oxygen saturation readings in their pulmonary arteries (PA) of 76%. In comparison, individuals with TGA had over 100% oxygen saturation in PA.
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If global warming increases average temperatures on Earth by 4°C in this century, predict which biome is most likely to replace tundra in some locations as a result. Explain your answer.
Global warming is the sudden rise in temperature that has been caused by greenhouse gases.
By trapping more heat, greenhouse gases have raised the temperature of the earth's atmosphere. Since 1970, the average global temperature has risen at a pace of 1.7°C per century.The northern coniferous forest, which is surrounded by deciduous forest to the south and tundra to the north, is the biggest terrestrial biome in the coniferous region. The term "taiga" or "the boreal forest with many lakes, rivers, and bogs" is also used to describe this forest. The polar regions, including Iceland, Alaska, and the sub-Antarctic islands, are home to the tundra biome, a barren desert with bare ground and rock. Long, dry winters, brief growing seasons, and extremely chilly temperatures are characteristics of the tundra. The temperature for the northern coniferous forest is found in the climograph just above that for tundra. Northern coniferous forests will take the position of tundras as the range of precipitation.Learn more about the global warming with the help of the given link:
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Describe the difference between supportive connective tissue and fluid connective tissue.
The process of aerobic cellular respiration breaks down a glucose molecule in order to generate a large number of atp molecules. What type of pathway is this?.
A catabolic pathway is the kind of mechanism used by aerobic cellular respiration to break down a glucose molecule in order to produce plenty of ATP molecules.
The oxidation of biological fuels in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, during the process of cellular respiration results in considerable quantities of energy that are utilized to power the primary production of ATP.
The citric acid (Krebs) cycle, an electron transport chain, chemiosmosis, and a transition process that results in acetyl coenzyme A are the four phases of aerobic respiration.
The maximum amount of ATP that might be produced by the aerobic oxidation of one glucose molecule is 38. Catabolic pathways convert nutrient molecules (Food: A, B, and C) into forms that the body can utilise (building blocks). During this process, energy is either released as heat or is stored in energy molecules for later use.
The complete question is as follows:
The process of aerobic cellular respiration breaks down a glucose molecule in order to generate a large number of ATP molecules. What type of pathway is this?
a) anabolic
b) catabolic
c) neither
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how many elk would be found in a 2.5-acre area
For two hunters or more, Messerschmidt says the ideal minimum size land for rifle hunting elk is about 50 acres.
What do elk do?Males have large horns, which weigh up to 35 kg. These horns are used, for example, in competition for the female. Moose are solitary, good swimmers and can run up to 56 km/h. These animals are most active at sunrise and sunset.
Where does the elk live?Several subspecies of moose are native to Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the US, and Canada. They live in deciduous and boreal forests, with a diet consisting mainly of tree buds and woody plants.
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Stress hormones can inhibit the production of _____, white blood cells that circulate in the body and are an important part of the immune system response to combat illness.
Stress hormones can inhibit the production of lymphocytes which forms the white blood cells that circulate in the body and are an important part of the immune system response to combat illness or disease.
What are Lymphocytes?These forms part of the immune system which fights diseases and infections in organisms and are produced in the bone marrow and lymphatic vessels.
They circulate in the body and are important components of the immune system, however their production is usually inhibited by stress hormones such as cytokines etc thereby weakening the system.
This is therefore the reason why lymphocytes was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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The marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus), which spends long periods under water feeding on seaweed, relies on both salt glands and kidneys for homeostasis of its internal fluids. Describe how these organs together meet the particular osmoregulatory challenges of this animal's environment.
These organs together meet the particular osmoregulatory challenges of this animal's environment is Iguanas
Iguanas consume a much of salt when they eat. To keep homeostasis, it is necessary to minimize or get rid of the many ions that are present in seawater. Salt glands use active ion transport to release a fluid in order to do that. It has a salt content lower than sea water. Urine produced by the kidneys can be either iso- or hyperosmotic to bodily fluids. By reabsorbing water, urine, and feces, the bladder's epithelium aids in fluid conservation even if it may enable too much water to escape the body.
In order to preserve equilibrium, the body expels accumulated salt.
The movement of ions over a concentration gradient is referred to as active transport. Transporting ions from a low concentration area (salt) requires energy.
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does sniffing rosemary increase memory by 15 per cent
Answer:
5% to 7% better results in memory tests.
Explanation: