What did the Moscow Test Ban Treaty do?

A geoscientist would classify the lahars produced by the mixing of heavy rainfalls and pyroclasts from the Kelut Volcano eruption as primary lahars.

Primary lahars are the result of the direct interaction of volcanic material and water, such as heavy rainfall or snowmelt, which can cause the mobilization of pyroclastic debris and ash to form volcanic mudflows. These lahars are typically fast-moving and destructive, and can cause significant damage to infrastructure and communities in their path.

In addition to primary lahars, geoscientists may also classify lahars based on their source material, such as debris-flow lahars or hyperconcentrated-flow lahars. Debris-flow lahars are composed of a mixture of volcanic material and rock fragments, while hyperconcentrated-flow lahars contain a high concentration of volcanic ash and water. Understanding the classification of lahars is important for predicting their behavior, potential impacts, and developing effective hazard mitigation strategies to protect communities at risk.

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A pyroclastic surge and a pyroclastic flow are both types of volcanic hazards that can occur during explosive eruptions. However, there are distinct differences between the two phenomena.

A pyroclastic flow is a high-density mixture of hot ash, gas, and rock fragments that flows down the slopes of a volcano at high speeds, typically reaching velocities of several hundred kilometers per hour. These flows are highly destructive and can travel several kilometers from the volcano's summit, burying everything in their path. They are generally initiated by the collapse of an eruption column or the partial failure of a lava dome.

On the other hand, a pyroclastic surge is a lower-density, turbulent cloud of volcanic ash and gas that travels radially away from the volcano's summit at high speeds. Surges are typically less dense and slower-moving than pyroclastic flows, and they can travel much further from the volcano's summit, reaching tens of kilometers in some cases. Pyroclastic surges are often caused by the collapse of eruption columns or the explosive release of gas from the magma chamber, which can initiate an outward-moving blast of hot ash and gas.

In summary, the primary difference between a pyroclastic surge and a pyroclastic flow is the density and speed of the material involved. Pyroclastic flows are denser and faster-moving, while pyroclastic surges are less dense and more turbulent, but can travel much further from the volcano's summit. Both phenomena can be extremely hazardous and pose a significant risk to people and infrastructure in the vicinity of an erupting volcano.

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Answer:

A meander is a winding curve or bend in a river. They are typically found in the middle and lower course of a river.

Explanation:

This is because vertical erosion is replaced by a sideways form of erosion called lateral erosion, plus deposition within the floodplain.

The distance from Hong Kong to Shanghai is approximately 1,223 miles (1,969 kilometers).

The distance between Hong Kong and Shanghai can vary depending on the mode of transportation. By air, the distance between the two cities is approximately 777 miles (1,250 kilometers). This flight typically takes around 2-3 hours, depending on the airline and any potential layovers.

By land, the distance between Hong Kong and Shanghai is significantly longer due to the fact that they are located on opposite sides of mainland China. Driving from Hong Kong to Shanghai would require traveling over 1,200 miles (2,000 kilometers), which would take approximately 20-24 hours.

It's also worth noting that there are other modes of transportation that can be used to travel between Hong Kong and Shanghai, such as taking a train or a ferry. However, the distance and time required for these options would also vary.

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A mantle plume rises because it is mostly molten and less dense than the material around it.

Mantle plumes are columns of hot, buoyant rock that rise from the boundary between the Earth's core and mantle. They are thought to be the driving force behind some of the Earth's most dramatic geological features, including volcanic island chains and hotspots like the one that created Hawaii. The mantle plume begins as a hot, buoyant blob of rock at the core-mantle boundary. This blob is less dense than the surrounding mantle rock, so it begins to rise, drawing in more hot material as it goes. As the plume rises, it melts and mixes with the surrounding mantle, creating a column of partially molten rock that can reach all the way to the Earth's surface. Overall, the buoyancy of the hot, partially molten material in the mantle plume is what causes it to rise and create geological features like volcanic islands and hotspots.

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Volcanic hazards are classified into two main groups: primary and secondary hazards. Primary hazards are those directly associated with the volcanic activity itself, such as lava flows, lahars, pyroclastic flows, and ash fall. These hazards pose an immediate threat to human life and property, and can cause widespread destruction and loss of life.

Secondary hazards, on the other hand, are those that result indirectly from volcanic activity. These hazards are often the result of the disruption of the natural environment and can have long-lasting impacts. Secondary hazards include things like famine, drought, and water pollution.

Famine, in particular, is a common secondary hazard associated with volcanic activity. Volcanic eruptions can cause crop failures, damage to livestock, and disruption of food distribution networks. This can lead to food shortages and famine in the affected areas, which can have devastating impacts on local communities.

Overall, it is important to understand the different types of volcanic hazards in order to be prepared for potential volcanic activity. By identifying the primary and secondary hazards associated with volcanoes, governments and communities can take steps to mitigate the risks and reduce the potential impact on human life and property.

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Answer: The accident caused the largest uncontrolled radioactive release into the environment ever recorded for any civilian operation, and large quantities of radioactive substances were released into the air for about 10 days. The Soviet government also cut down and buried about a square mile of pine forest near the plant to reduce radioactive contamination at and near the site. Chernobyl's three other reactors were subsequently restarted but all eventually shut down for good, with the last reactor closing in December 2000. It also contributed to the demise of a political system.

The correct answer is b. shield volcanoes. These types of volcanoes are typically found at hot spots or divergent plate boundaries, where magma is able to rise to the surface without much obstruction.

The lava that is released from shield volcanoes has a low viscosity, meaning it is thin and fluid, and is able to flow easily and cover large areas. Over time, the successive flows of lava build up a low, broad shape that is characteristic of shield volcanoes. In contrast, stratovolcanoes (e) are tall, steep-sided volcanoes that are built up by layers of both lava and ash. Cinder cones (c) are small, cone-shaped volcanoes that are made up of loose volcanic debris, while ignimbrites (d) are deposits of volcanic ash and other pyroclastic material that have been welded together by heat and pressure. Composite volcanoes (e) are another term for stratovolcanoes, as they are composed of layers of both lava and ash.

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The given statement "the conductor slows down when it enters the b field region and it speeds up when it exits the region." is true because it correctly describes the behavior of a conductor passing through a magnetic field region.

The statement describes the behavior of a conductor passing through a magnetic field region. It suggests that the conductor slows down when it enters the region and speeds up when it exits. This phenomenon is the result of electromagnetic induction, a fundamental principle of electromagnetism. When the conductor enters the magnetic field region, it experiences a change in the magnetic field, which induces an opposing electromagnetic force in the conductor, slowing it down. When the conductor exits the region, it experiences a force in the same direction as its motion, causing it to speed up.

This behavior is important for many practical applications, such as electric generators, transformers, and motors. Understanding electromagnetic induction and its effects on moving charges is essential for many areas of electrical engineering and physics.

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Complete question

the conductor slows down when it enters the b field region and it speeds up when it exits the region. true or false

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The highest environmental temperature ever recorded in the United States was in Furnace Creek Ranch, California on July 10, 1913. The temperature reached a scorching 134 degrees Fahrenheit. This extreme temperature was recorded by the National Weather Service and has remained the highest temperature ever recorded in the U.S. since then.

Such high temperatures can have severe effects on the human body. Heat exhaustion, heat cramps, and heat stroke are all common reactions to extreme heat. In some cases, it can even result in death. The human body responds to high temperatures by trying to cool itself down. The body’s natural response is to sweat, but if the humidity is too high, the sweat will not evaporate and the body cannot cool itself down effectively. This can result in heat exhaustion, which is characterized by dizziness, nausea, headache, and confusion. The risk of heat stroke is also high in such extreme temperatures. The body's core temperature can rise to dangerous levels, leading to a variety of symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, breathing difficulties, and seizures. In severe cases, heat stroke can lead to coma or death. Overall, high environmental temperatures can pose a serious risk to human health. It is important to take measures to stay cool and hydrated during hot weather, such as drinking plenty of fluids, avoiding strenuous activity during the hottest parts of the day, and staying in air-conditioned areas as much as possible.

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The formation of concrete by adding cement or clastic and water to a mixture of sand and gravel is an example of clastic sedimentary rock formation.

Clastic rocks are formed from the accumulation of mineral fragments or rock particles that have been cemented together. In the case of concrete, the cement acts as the binding agent that holds the sand and gravel particles together. Similarly, clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of weathered rock fragments, minerals, or organic matter that are transported and deposited by wind, water, or ice. Over time, these fragments become compacted and cemented together to form solid rock.

Examples of clastic sedimentary rocks include sandstone, shale, and conglomerate. In contrast, chemical sedimentary rocks are formed from the precipitation of minerals from water, while biochemical sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of organic matter, such as shells or plant debris. Organic sedimentary rocks, on the other hand, are formed from the accumulation of organic matter that has undergone chemical and physical changes, such as coal or oil shale.

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Answer:

erratics

Explanation:

Large rocks that a glacier transports from a distant source are called erratics.

During the Great Alaskan Earthquake of 1964, which was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in North America, a massive tsunami was triggered along the coastline.

The earthquake caused a sudden displacement of the seafloor, which resulted in a series of waves that traveled across the Pacific Ocean. The waves, which were as high as 60 feet in some areas, devastated many coastal communities, causing widespread damage and loss of life. The towns of Valdez and Seward were particularly hard hit, with entire neighborhoods being wiped out by the tsunami. In the aftermath of the disaster, many communities were rebuilt farther inland to protect against future tsunamis.
During the Great Alaskan Earthquake of 1964, also known as the Good Friday Earthquake, significant changes occurred along the sea. The earthquake, which had a magnitude of 9.2, led to a series of tsunamis, landslides, and coastal subsidence. The tsunamis caused widespread damage and loss of life, particularly in the coastal regions of Alaska, as well as other locations along the Pacific coast. In summary, the Great Alaskan Earthquake of 1964 had severe consequences for the sea and coastal areas, resulting in tsunamis, landslides, and coastal subsidence.

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This model displays the planet and its satellite as rotating around the sun, with arrows labeled "gravity" demonstrating the power of gravitational attraction exerted by the latter on the previous pair.

In general sense, the arrows marked “inertia” depict the momentum that keeps the planet and moon in orbit - or moving near the star - after they have been propelled once. Moreover, the path of planet is depicted as a bigger, circular-shaped orbit, while the moon's trajectory appears as a smaller, elliptical shape.

The bottom line is that gravity pulls upon the planet and its natural satellite to protract them around the illumination source; inertia then maintains their motion along the shown paths. As a result, the force of gravity is relatively substantial on the planet; due to this solid attraction, the orbit of the first one is bigger and rounder. On the other hand, the moon's circuit is smaller and longer due to its weaker gravitational effect.

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Among the given options, a rubber band is most likely to deform elastically under stress. Elastic deformation is the reversible deformation of a solid material when it is subjected to external forces.

In other words, when the applied stress is removed, the material returns to its original shape and size. Rubber bands are made up of long chains of polymers that are loosely coiled and tangled. When stretched, the polymer chains straighten out and align with the direction of the applied force. As soon as the force is removed, the polymer chains relax and return to their original tangled state, causing the rubber band to return to its original shape and size. On the other hand, the paper clip, playdough, and ceramic plate are not likely to deform elastically under stress.

Paper clips are made of metal, which has limited elasticity, and can only withstand small amounts of deformation before it becomes permanently bent or damaged. Playdough is a soft and pliable material, and when it is subjected to stress, it deforms plastically, which means that it undergoes permanent changes in shape and size. Similarly, ceramic plates are brittle materials that tend to crack or shatter when subjected to stress rather than undergo elastic deformation. In conclusion, a rubber band is most likely to deform elastically under stress among the given options due to the unique properties of its polymer chains.

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Answer:

Drought -A long period with little or nor rain

Desertification- The process whereby once fertile areas become increasingly more arid

False. A detrital sedimentary rock cannot be accurately radiometrically dated because the clasts formed at different times from the rock itself. Detrital sedimentary rocks consist of clasts, or fragments of pre-existing rocks and minerals, which have been transported and deposited by processes like erosion, weathering, and sedimentation.

These clasts can have various origins and ages, making it difficult to determine the age of the entire rock using radiometric dating techniques. Radiometric dating is a method that relies on the decay of radioactive isotopes within minerals, providing a precise measurement of the time elapsed since the formation of the mineral. In detrital sedimentary rocks, the age obtained through radiometric dating would correspond to the formation age of the individual clasts rather than the rock as a whole.
To accurately determine the age of a sedimentary rock, geologists often use techniques like biostratigraphy, which relies on the study of fossils within the rock layers, or the dating of volcanic ash layers found in association with the sedimentary rock. These methods provide more reliable information about the age of the sedimentary rock, as they focus on elements directly related to the rock's formation and deposition rather than the ages of individual clasts.

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The three distinct layers of the Earth are A) core, mantle, and crust. These layers are defined by their composition and properties.

The core is the innermost layer of the earth and is divided into the inner core and outer core. The inner core is solid while the outer core is liquid. The mantle is the middle layer and is mostly composed of solid rock. The crust is the outermost layer and is the thinnest layer of the earth. It is composed of solid rock and is divided into continental and oceanic crust.
1. Core: It is primarily composed of iron and nickel, and its temperature ranges from 4,000 to 6,000 degrees Celsius.
2. Mantle: It makes up about 84% of the Earth's volume and is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates due to convection currents.
3. Crust: There are two types of crust: oceanic crust, which is found under oceans and is relatively thin and dense; and continental crust, which makes up the continents and is thicker and less dense.

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The correct options are:Occurs solely in subtropical environmentsReceives less than 25 cm of precipitation per yearOften lacks permanent streams

Deserts can have a variety of landscapes and may or may not have sand dunes. The amount of vegetation can also vary, but it is generally sparse. The key defining factor of a desert is the lack of precipitation, which can lead to water scarcity and impact the availability of permanent streams. Deserts are typically found in subtropical regions, but they can also occur in other areas with low rainfall.A desert is a type of biome characterized by its dry climate, where the amount of precipitation is typically less than 25 centimeters per year. Deserts can occur in a variety of environments, not just subtropical regions, but also in cold regions, coastal regions, and even in the polar regions. Deserts can be covered with sand dunes, but not all deserts have extensive sand dunes. Some deserts are rocky, gravelly, or have hard-packed surfaces. Deserts have sparse vegetation, but there are some desert plants and animals that are specially adapted to survive in this harsh environment. Deserts often lack permanent streams, but may have intermittent streams or seasonal rivers.

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Banded iron formations are thought to have formed during the Archean Eon, between 3.8 and 2.5 billion years ago, whereas Red Beds are thought to have formed during the Paleozoic Era, between 540 and 250 million years ago.

Banded iron formations are sedimentary rocks that consist of alternating layers of iron oxides and silica, and are believed to have formed as a result of the precipitation of iron and silica from ancient oceans.

Red Beds, on the other hand, are sedimentary rocks that are typically reddish in color due to the presence of iron oxides, and are thought to have formed in a variety of environments, including terrestrial, lacustrine, and marine settings.

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Equatorial locations typically experience warm air temperature but heavy rainfall, which results in warmer ocean waters but lower-than-average salinities.

Due to the intense rainfall in equatorial regions, which reduces the salinity of the seawater, a sizeable volume of freshwater can enter the ocean.

Convection and other processes can be exploited by the warm equatorial atmospheric temperatures to enhance ocean temperatures, resulting in warmer waters.

They have warm air temperatures but heavy rains, which is the correct response. Equatorial areas usually have warmer ocean waters but lower salinities than average due to their exposure to warm air temperatures yet significant precipitation.

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It is False that foliated textures are primarily the result of heat. Nonfoliated textures are primarily the result of directed pressure.

Foliated textures are primarily the result of directed pressure, whereas nonfoliated textures are primarily the result of heat.

1. Foliated textures are characterized by the alignment of mineral grains in a metamorphic rock due to directed pressure. This causes the minerals to arrange themselves in parallel layers, giving the rock a banded appearance.
2. Nonfoliated textures occur in metamorphic rocks where minerals do not exhibit a preferred orientation due to the absence of directed pressure. These rocks are primarily affected by heat, causing the minerals to recrystallize and grow larger without aligning in a specific direction.

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The requirements for the building foundation will most likely be found on the structural or foundation sheet in a drawing set.

This sheet typically includes details on footings, columns, walls, and other foundation elements needed to support the structure.

These sheets provide detailed plans and specifications for the design and construction of the building's foundation, including the types of materials, dimensions, and placement of footings and structural members.

It is important to carefully review these sheets to ensure that the foundation is built to code and can support the weight of the structure.
It will ensure a stable and strong foundation for the building.

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The 1783 Laki eruption was a fissure eruption, which means that it occurred along a long crack or fissure in the earth's surface rather than from a single volcanic vent.

This type of eruption can produce vast amounts of lava and gas, and in the case of Laki, it is estimated that around 14 cubic kilometers of lava was produced, making it the largest eruption by volume in recorded history. The Laki eruption occurred in Iceland and lasted for eight months, during which time it released huge amounts of sulfur dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere, causing a widespread environmental and human impact. The eruption resulted in crop failures, livestock deaths, and a severe winter in Europe, which led to a famine that may have caused tens of thousands of deaths. The Laki eruption is therefore considered one of the most devastating volcanic events in human history, highlighting the far-reaching impact that volcanic eruptions can have on our planet and its inhabitants.

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The principle that regional elevations adjust to the types and thicknesses of rocks at depth is known as isostasy. Therefore, the correct option is (b) isostasy.

Isostasy refers to the state of gravitational equilibrium between the Earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere. According to this principle, the Earth's crust is like a floating iceberg that is buoyed up by the denser underlying mantle. The crustal thickness and density determine the depth of this balance, with thicker and denser crust resulting in deeper isostatic balance. This principle is essential in explaining the topography of the Earth's surface and the way it responds to geological processes such as mountain building and erosion.

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The answer is B) divergent boundary. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is located in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean and is a long chain of mountains formed by the separation of tectonic plates.

This boundary is a divergent boundary, which means that the plates are moving away from each other. This movement causes magma to rise up from the mantle and solidify, creating new crust. In the body of the answer, it can be explained that this process is called seafloor spreading.

The plates move apart at a rate of a few centimeters per year, which may not seem like much, but over millions of years, it can create significant changes in the Earth's surface. In conclusion, the type of tectonic plate boundary at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a divergent boundary.

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The two examples of funerary architecture from the given options are D) Necropolis and E) Mastaba.

A Necropolis is a large cemetery or burial ground, often featuring elaborate tombs and monuments, and was commonly used in ancient Egyptian and Greek cultures.

A Mastaba is a type of ancient Egyptian tomb that features a rectangular shape with sloping sides and a flat roof. It was used during the Early Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom for the burial of nobles and high-ranking officials.

Necropolis is a Greek word which means "city of the dead" and it refers to a large cemetery or burial ground with elaborate tombs and monuments. The term is commonly used to describe burial sites of ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians and Greeks. The necropolis often featured a variety of different tomb types, including pyramids, tombs cut into rock faces, and underground catacombs.

The Mastaba is an ancient Egyptian funerary structure that was used as a tomb for high-ranking officials during the Early Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom. The word "mastaba" comes from the Arabic word for "bench," which describes the flat-roofed rectangular structure of the tomb. The mastaba was usually built out of mud bricks or stone, and its internal chambers were used for burials and funerary offerings. The mastaba was later developed into the more elaborate stepped pyramid and true pyramid structures of the Old Kingdom.

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Metamorphic rocks reach Earth's surface is D) through removal of overlying rocks

Metamorphic rocks reach Earth's surface through the removal of overlying rocks. This can occur due to erosion, tectonic movements, or other geological processes that expose the metamorphic rocks. While volcanoes (C) play a significant role in bringing some rocks to the surface, they are mainly associated with igneous rocks, not metamorphic rocks.

Metamorphic rocks are eventually exposed at the surface by uplift and erosion of the overlying rock. The most familiar way for magma to escape or extrude to Earth’s surface is through lava. Lava eruptions can be “fire fountains” of liquid rock or thick slow-moving rivers of molten material.

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Metamorphic rocks reach the Earth's surface primarily through the removal of overlying rocks. This can be facilitated by processes such as weathering, glaciation, and action by wind and water.

Metamorphic rocks are formed deep within the Earth's crust under intense heat and pressure. Over time, geological processes bring these rocks to the Earth's surface. The key mechanism through which this happens is through the removal of overlying rocks, also known as erosion or exhumation.

This can occur through a variety of processes including weathering, glaciation, and action by wind and water. After the overlying layers have been eroded away, the metamorphic rocks are exposed at the surface. This process can take hundreds to millions of years.

Therefore, between the options given, Answer D) 'through removal of overlying rocks' provides the most accurate description of how metamorphic rocks reach the Earth's surface.

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The biome you are describing is the temperate deciduous forest. This biome is characterized by its four distinct seasons, with temperature fluctuations ranging from cold winters to hot, wet summers.

During the winter months, the plants in this biome go dormant, while many of the animals hibernate or migrate to warmer areas. However, during the spring and summer months, the biome is full of lush vegetation and a diverse array of wildlife. The temperate deciduous forest is found in regions such as North America, Europe, and Asia.The temperatures can vary widely from season to season, with hot summers and cold winters. In the winter, many of the plants go dormant, shedding their leaves, and many animals hibernate or migrate to avoid the harsh conditions.

Some common tree species found in this biome include oak, maple, beech, and hickory, and animals that inhabit this biome include deer, raccoons, squirrels, and birds.this biome has four seasons. the temperature varies widely from season to season with cold winters and hot, wet summers. during the winter the plants go dormant and many of the animals hibernate or migrate.

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Extrusive igneous rock that forms on the Earth's surface is called volcanic rock. This type of rock is formed when magma, or molten rock, rises to the surface and cools quickly. The rapid cooling process prevents the formation of large crystals and results in a fine-grained texture.

Volcanic rocks can be found in many different forms, including lava flows, volcanic ash, and volcanic breccia. They are typically associated with areas of active volcanism, such as volcanic islands, volcanic arcs, and hotspots. Examples of extrusive igneous rocks include basalt, andesite, and rhyolite. Basalt is the most common volcanic rock and is found on the ocean floor and in areas of recent volcanic activity. Andesite is typically found in subduction zones where oceanic crust is being pushed beneath continental crust. Rhyolite is formed from highly viscous magma and is typically associated with explosive volcanic eruptions. Overall, volcanic rocks play an important role in the Earth's geology and are crucial in understanding the processes that shape our planet.

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