What are two ways we can calculate volume described them in depth and why would you use one method over another explain

The pressure of the refrigerant using the ideal-gas equation is 1.861 MPa, the generalized compressibility chart is 1.583 MPa and the refrigerant tables is 1.6 MPa.

Ideal gas equation is defined as the state equation for a fictitious perfect gas. Although it has significant drawbacks, it is a decent approximation of the behavior of many gases under various conditions.

Ideal gas equation is expressed as

PV = nRT

By using Ideal gas equation

P x 0.016773 = 1 x 81.49 x 483

P = 1.861 MPa

By using generalized compressibility chart

For r134a

Temperature = 374.2 K

Pressure = 4.06 MPa

vR = V / R x Tc / Pc

    = 0.016773 / 81.49 x ( 374.2 / 4.06 x 10⁶ )

    = 2.2332

Tr = T/Tc = 383 / 374.2 = 1.024

Therefore from the chart Z = 0.85

So, P = Z mRT / V

      P = 0.85 x 1 x 81.49 x 383 / 0.016773

         = 1.582 MPa

By using refrigerant tables

T = 110 C and v = 0.0167763

So, P = 1.6 MPa

Thus, the pressure of the refrigerant using the ideal-gas equation is 1.861 MPa, the generalized compressibility chart is 1.583 MPa and the refrigerant tables is 1.6 MPa.

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Final Molarity of acetate ion is 0.0394 M. The number of moles of solute per liter of solution is referred to as molarity.

The amount of a substance in a given volume of solution is measured in molarity (M). Molarity is defined as the number of moles of a solute in one liter of solution. A solution's molarity is also known as its molar concentration.

Therefore,

We first assume that the reaction completes and that the volume of the reaction remains constant.

The balanced stoichiometric equation is as follows:

Ba(CH₃COO)₂ + (NH₄)₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2NH₄(CH₃COO)

First, we must determine which reactant is in excess and which has been completely consumed by the reaction. To do so, we count the number of moles of each reactant at the beginning of the reaction.

For Ba(CH₃COO)₂

The number of moles = (Mass)/(Molar Mass)

Barium acetate mass = 2.68 g

Barium acetate molar mass = 255.43 g/mol

The number of moles = (2.68/255.43) = 0.0104 moles.

For (NH₄)₂SO₄,

Number of moles = (Concentration in mol/L) × (Volume in L)

Concentration of Ammonium surface in mol/L = 45 M

Volume in L = (300/1000) = 0.3 L

Number of moles = 45 × 0.3 = 13.5 moles

From the stoichiometric balance of the reaction,

1 mole of Ba(CH₃COO)₂ responds with 1 mole of (NH₄)₂SO₄

As a result, it is clear that Ba(CH₃COO)₂ is the limiting reagent; the chemical specie that is depleted during the reaction and determines the number of other reactants and products formed.

1 mole of Ba(CH₃COO)₂ provide 2 moles of NH₄(CH₃COO)

0.0591 moles of Ba(CH₃COO)₂ will give 2 × 0.0591 moles of NH₄(CH₃COO); 0.1182 moles of NH₄(CH₃COO).

The molarity of NH₄(CH₃COO) exist then provide as (number of moles) ÷ (Vol in L)

The number of moles = 0.1182 moles

L volume of the solution = 0.3 L

Molarity of NH₄(CH₃COO) = (0.01182/0.3)

= 0.0394 M

Note that 1 mole of NH₄(CH₃COO) contains 1 mole of acetate ion,

Hence, 0.0394 M of NH₄(CH₃COO) also contains 0.0394 M of acetate ion.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get an empirical formula

We start by dividing each of the masses by the corresponding atomic masses

The atomic mass of carbon is 12 amu

The atomic mass of hydrogen is 1 amu

We start the division as follows:

Now, we divide the results by the smaller of the two:

Thus, we have the empirical formula as:

Joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of iron from 23°C to 33°C, if the specific heat of iron is 0.45 J/g°C is 450 J.

Given that :

The specific heat capacity expression is given as :

Q = m cΔT

Q = heat energy

m = mass = 100 g

c = specific heat = 0.45 J/g °C

ΔT = change in temperature = 33  °C - 23  °C  =  10  °C

substituting the values in the formula:

Q = m cΔT

Q = 100 g × 0.45 J/g °C × 10 °C

Q = 450 J

Thus, Joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of iron from 23°C to 33°C, if the specific heat of iron is 0.45 J/g°C is 450 J.

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Answer:

The number of groups attached to a center atom with trigonal planar geometry is 3 groups.

The common use of density in ships and submarines is to predict whether or not a thing will float. Objects that have densities lower than those of water will sink if their densities are lower than water's.

A product's density is a measure of how heavy it is relation to its size. If added to water, an object will float if its density is less than that of the water, while it will sink if its higher density. The density of a material is a distinguishing quality that is independent of the substance's volume.

Because density is an intense property, it remains constant regardless of how much of a substance is present. Because it enables us to predict which compounds will float and which will sink in a liquid, density is a crucial notion.

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Answer:

Bones, teeth, shells, and other hard body parts can be fairly easily preserved as fossils. However, they might become broken, worn, or even dissolved before they are buried by sediment. The soft bodies of organisms, on the other hand, are relatively hard to preserve.

There are 3 main states of matter: gas, solid, and liquid.

The solid is characterized by its rigid structure, its high density (it means that's there's a lot of mass per unit of volume). Also, it doesn't take the container's shape as a liquid does.

Then, the description corresponds to the solid state (option B).

The quantum numbers that are not possible are 16,14,15.

The quantum numbers are used to address the position of the electron in an atom. They are the set of numbers that show the most probable position of the electron in an atom. There are four sets of quantum numbers that describe the position of an electron and they are;

1) Principal quantum number

2) Orbital quantum number

3) Magnetic quantum number

4) Spin quantum number.

The set of quantum numbers 16,14,15 is not possible because ml must have values of -l to +l as we know.

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The moles of electrons are needed to produce 53.5 mole of Zn is 107 moles.

Electrons are defined as a subatomic particle having a negative charge that makes up the nucleus of an atom together with protons and neutrons.

The electron has an intrinsic angular momentum of a half-integer number and has a mass that is around 1/1836th that of the proton. The quantum state of any two electrons cannot be identical.

The chemical reaction for solid zinc is

Zn²⁺  +  2e⁻  =  Zn (s)

When one mole of zinc ions receive two moles of electrons, one mole of zinc is created.

Electrons equal two moles to form one mole of solid zinc.

The electrons needed to create the 53.5 mole of zinc will provide 2 53.5 = 107 mol.

Thus, the moles of electrons are needed to produce 53.5 mole of Zn is 107 moles.

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Solubility of a substance changes as the pressure changes. If the pressure is high, solubility increases. When pressure is low, solubility decreases.

At 1 atm the solubility of Nitrogen in water is 23.5 mg gas/110g water.

The solution is submerged 40 m under water. Solubility increase.

The solution is carried to the top of a mountain. Solubility decrease.

The solution is placed in a chamber where the pressure is 0.50 atm. Solubility decrease.

The solution is brought into outer space. Solubility decrease.

The solution is canned at a pressure of 2.04 atm. Solubility increase.

Answer: Tetrachloroethylene is an nonpolar molecule.

The body of avocado fruit can be compared with the cell structure. The skin of the avocado is relatable with the cell membrane. Thus option B is correct.

Cell is the basic unit of life. Cells connect together to forms  tissues and tissues forms organs and a group organs forms an organ system. These different organ systems buildup the whole body.

Cell contains the core called nucleus. Inside the nucleus genetic material DNA, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes etc are located. The function of cell membrane is to protect the cell from damages as the skin do for our body.

In plants unlike animals, their cell is protected by a cell wall apart from cell membrane and various other differences are there in the cell structure of plant cells.

The fluid filled portion of cell is called cytoplasm. The inner content of the avocado fruit is comparable with the cytoplasm and its seed can be considered as the model for nucleus.

Therefore, the avocado's skin represents the cell membrane. Hence, option B is correct.

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The experiment mass of the product is 28.1g

What is mass ?
Mass is a physical body's total amount of matter. It also serves as a gauge for the body's inertia, or resistance to acceleration (change in velocity) in the presence of a net force. The strength of an object's gravitational pull to other bodies is also influenced by its mass.

The kilogramme is the primary mass unit in the SI (kg). Although weight is frequently measured using a spring scale rather than a balancing scale and compared directly with known masses, mass is not the same as weight in physics.

2K + Cl2 =====> 2KCl

70g Cl2 produces 2(39+35.5) = 149 g KCl

13.2g Cl2 produces 28.1g KCl

the experiment mass of the product is 28.1g

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To calculate this, we will need to assume the gas behaves as an ideal gas.

So, we can use the Ideal Gas Law:

Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, is the absolut temperature and R is the gas law constant.

Since we have carbon dioxide, CO₂, we need to calculate its molar mass to convert the mass to number of moles:

So, the number of moles is:

Also, we need to convert the temperature to absolute temperature, so we can convert it to K by adding 273.15 to the degree celcius temperature:

Now, we need to use the constant R that has the unit we want. We have K for temperature, mol for number of moles and L for volume. Is we want the pressure in kPa, we need to use the R constant with units L*kPa/(K*mol), which have the value:

So, solving the equation for P and substituting the values, we have:

So, the pressure is approximately 15 kPa.

To calculate the molar mass of a compound, we need to find at the periodic table the atomic mass of each element that belongs to the compound and then we multiply for the quantity of atoms of it.

So, for:

5. K2Cr2O7:

K = 39 g/mol

Cr = 52 g/mol

O = 16 g/mol

(2x39) + (2x52) + (7x16) = 78 + 104 + 112 = 294 g/mol

Molar mass of K2Cr2O7 = 294 g/mol

6. C12H22O11

C = 12 g/mol

H = 1 g/mol

O = 16 g/mol

(12x12) + (22x1) + (11x16) = 144 + 22 + 176 = 342 g/mol

Molar mass of C12H22O11 = 342 g/mol

Explanation:

As an example, Let's writte some ionic compounds:

Answer:

Rutherford's model of the atom included the nucleus, something lacking in Thomson's model. Rutherford's inclusion of the nucleus came about after his discovery of the nucleus of the atom in 1911. He was testing J.J. Thomson's Plum Pudding model by directing a beam of alpha particles toward a thin sheet of gold foil.

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According to given statement NaCI compounds are more likely to dissolve in water.

Polar solvents, which do have "positive" and "negative" charges at different points throughout their structures, can dissolve other polar compounds. Acetone, methanol, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), isopropanol, and ethanol are some other polar solvents. A few of these solvents is water.

Due to the uneven distribution of its electron density, water is a polar molecule. This demonstrates that water is indeed a polar molecule because hydrogen and oxygen have different electronegativities. The fact that water can dissolve more chemicals compared to any other liquid makes it known as the "universal solvent."

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Explanation:

C₂H₄ + 3 O₂ ——> 2 CO₂ + H₂O

According to the coefficients of the equation 1 mol of C₂H₄ will react with 3 moles of O₂. Then, the molar ratio between C₂H₄ and O₂ is 1 to 3. We can use that relationship to find the number of moles of oxygen that are needed to react with 5.75 moles of C₂H₄.

1 mol of C₂H₄ = 3 moles of O₂

moles of O₂ = 5.75 moles of C₂H₄ * 3 moles of O₂/(1 mol of C₂H₄)

moles of O₂ = 17.25 moles

One mol of a gas at STP always occupies 22.4 L. We can use that relationship to find the volume of oxygen.

1 mol of O₂ = 22.4 L

volume = 17.25 moles of O₂ * 22.4 L/(1 mol of O₂)

volume = 386.4 L

Answer: 386.4 L at STP is needed to react.

Physical properties are the ones that describe the behavior of the substances when exposed to different physical changes.

In this case, the one that describes a physical change is water when heated forms steams. In this case water changes its state of matter but it is still the same substance, there is not chemical change, just physical.

The correct answer is Water when heated forms steams.

The total number of electoral votes does Virginia have is 13. This addressed in congressional apportionment.

When people cast their vote, means they actually voting for the group of people called electors. Senator and representatives are equal to the number of voters in each state . According to the question , Virginia has 11 people in the house and 2 senate means 11 + 2 = 13 . the total number of electoral votes are 13. These votes are assigned by united states electoral college. In the constitution the congressional apportionment is addressed.

Thus, Virginia has 11 people in the House and 2 in the Senate. The total number of electoral votes does Virginia have is 13. This addressed in congressional apportionment.

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1) Covalent bond polarity.

To determine the polarity, we use a property called electronegativity. This is a tendency to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond. If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.7, the bond is polar. If the difference is less than 1.7, the bond is nonpolar.

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to calculate the pressure used at the new volume

It is expected that at a higher pressure, the volume will decrease

Thus, the weight and the pressure are inversely proportional

Mathematically:

The above is according to Boyle's law which states that volume and pressure are inversely proportional

where:

V1 is the initial volume which is 4 cc

P1 is the initial weight which is 600 g

V2 is the final volume which is 2.5 cc

P2 is the final pressure which is unknown

Substituting the values:

The balanced equation of the reaction is:

CoCl2 + F2 → CoF2 + Cl2

Now, we will follow the next steps to solve the question.

1. We find the moles present in 124.13 g of cobalt(II)fluoride (CoF2) using the molar molar mass of CoF2. The molar mass of CoF2 is: 96.93g/mol

2. By stoichiometry we find the moles of fluorine (F2) needed. Since the ratio CoF2 to F2 is 1, the moles will be the same as those produced from cobalt(II)fluoride.

3. We find the grams of fluorine by multiplying the moles by the molar mass of fluorine. The molar mass of fluorine is 38.00 g/mol

Let's proceed with the calculations:

1. Moles of CoF2

2. Moles of F2

3. Grams of F2

Answer: To produce 124.13 grams of cobalt(II)fluoride are required 48.66grams of fluorine

A new alloy is designed for use in a car radiator. If the 17.6 kg radiator required 8.69 × 105 J of heat to warm from 22.1°C to 155.8°C, the specific heat of the new alloy is 369.2 J /  kg °C.

Specific heat formula is given as :

Q = mcΔT

given that :

mass , m = 17.6 kg

Q = 8.69 × 10⁵ J

ΔT , change in temperature = 22.1 °C - 155.8 °C = 133.7  °C

c = specific heat = ?

Substituting the values in the formula we get:

Q = mcΔT

c = Q / mΔT

c = 8.69 × 10⁵ J / 17.6 kg × 133.7  °C

c = 8.69 × 10⁵ J / 2353.12 kg °C

c = 369.2 J /  kg °C

Thus, A new alloy is designed for use in a car radiator. If the 17.6 kg radiator required 8.69 × 10⁵ J of heat to warm from 22.1°C to 155.8°C, the specific heat of the new alloy is 369.2 J /  kg °C.

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To calculate the number of atoms of any compound it is necessary to use the Avogadro constant. This is a constant of proportion between the amount of matter and the number of entities that are linked to that amount. These entities can be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, protons, neutrons. The value of the Avogrado constant is 6.022 x 10^23 mol^-1.

So to calculate the number of atoms in 275 grams of iron (III) hydroxide:

- First you need to transform grams into moles

- transform moles into atoms/molecule using Avogrado constant.

- To transform 275 grams of Fe(OH)₃ you need to use the molecular mass of Fe(OH)₃ and the following equation: mole = mass/molar mass

Molecular mass of Fe(OH)₃:

Fe - 55.85

O - 16

H - 1

(1x55.85) + (3x16) + (3x1) = 106.86 g/mol

Replace the value in the equation:

mole = 250/106.86

mole = 2.34 mole of Fe(OH)₃

- Now, let's solve the number of molecules of Fe(OH)₃ into 2.34 mole of Fe(OH)₃:

6.022 x 10^23 molecule --- 1 mol

x molecule ---- 2.34 mole

x = 1.41 x 10^24 molecules of Fe(OH)₃

Answer: There are 1.41 x 10^24 molecules of Fe(OH)₃

10.7 grams

The formula for calculating the molarity of a solution is given as:

Given the following parameters

molarity of NaOH = 1.11M

volume of solution = 241.0mL = 0.241L

Find the moles of NaOH

Determine the mass of solute (NaOH)

Hence the grams of solute that would be used to prepare the solution is 10.7grams

Answer

Explanation

Given data: