The Tafel slope for Mechanism 2 is the sum of the slopes of both steps, presuming that each step in Mechanism 2 is RCS::
b2 = b2_1 + b2_2 = 0.1184 + 0.1184 = 0.2368 V
How to solveTo identify the rate-controlling step (RCS) utilizing the Tafel slope, we initially need to calculate the Tafel slope for each suggested mechanism when the electron transfer coefficient (alpha, α) equals 0.5.
The target reaction involves Cu oxidation.
Mechanism 1:
Cu -> Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻
Mechanism 2:
Cu -> Cu⁺ + e⁻
Cu⁺ -> Cu²⁺ + e⁻
The Tafel slope (b) can be computed with the following formula:
b = (2.303 * R * T) / (α * n * F)
Where:
R signifies the gas constant (8.314 J/mol K)
T represents the temperature in Kelvin (let's assume 298 K, standard room temperature)
α denotes the electron transfer coefficient (0.5)
n is the number of electrons exchanged in the RCS
F is the Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol)
For Mechanism 1, n = 2 (since 2 electrons are exchanged in the rate-controlling step):
b1 = (2.303 * 8.314 * 298) / (0.5 * 2 * 96,485) = 0.0592 V
For Mechanism 2, we must examine both steps. Let's initially evaluate the Tafel slope for each step.
Step 1 (n = 1):
b2_1 = (2.303 * 8.314 * 298) / (0.5 * 1 * 96,485) = 0.1184 V
Step 2 (n = 1):
b2_2 = (2.303 * 8.314 * 298) / (0.5 * 1 * 96,485) = 0.1184 V
The Tafel slope for Mechanism 2 is the sum of the slopes of both steps, presuming that each step in Mechanism 2 is RCS::
b2 = b2_1 + b2_2 = 0.1184 + 0.1184 = 0.2368 V
Having obtained the Tafel slopes for both mechanisms, we can now compare them to the experimental Tafel slope to ascertain which mechanism is more likely the RCS.
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Physicians tend to use units of calories ,in part because that is what their patients use and understand .Food “Calories “ are actually calories. How many calories are in a calorie?
A.10,000
B.1,000
C.100
D.10
E.1
Please help me what is the answer.
Determine the number of moles in 100,0 g S
The number of moles in 100g of Sulphur is 3.13 moles.
How to calculate number of moles?The number of moles in a substance can be calculated by dividing the mass of the substance by its molar mass as follows:
moles = mass ÷ molar mass
According to this question, there are 100g of Sulphur. Sulphur has an atomic mass of 32g/mol. The moles of this element can be calculated as follows;
moles = 100g ÷ 32g/mol
moles = 3.13moles
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The student who represents Earth sees different stars from different positions in the circle. How does this model suggest evidence that Earth circles the sun once a year?
Earth orbits the sun in a predictable pattern. The pattern of Earth's seasons depend on how much sunlight reaches different areas of Earth as the planet moves around around the sun. It is the earth sun model which shows that the earth circles the sun once a year. So revolution is responsible for it.
Earth has a nearly circular orbit around the sun, Earth also rotates around its north-south axis, an imaginary line passing through earth from pole to pole. Every place on the planet gets 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark each day.
The temperature conditions on the planet change depending on the distance from the sun. There are colder temperatures at the poles and warmer temperature at the equator.
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How many moles of oxygen are in 2.71 x 1025 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2)?
Answer:
There are 4.52 moles of oxygen in 2.71 x 10^25 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Explanation:
Tin hydroxide, Sn(OH)4, is an extremely insoluble substance. In an acidic buffer with a pH of 1.0, the solubility of Sn(OH)4 is 1.0 x 10^-7M. Calculate the Ksp for Sn(OH)4.
the Ksp for Sn(OH)₄ is 2.56 × 10⁻⁵
The solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a solid substance into an aqueous solution. It is denoted by the symbol Ksp.
The solubility product is a kind of equilibrium constant and its value depends on temperature. Ksp usually increases with an increase in temperature due to increased solubility.
Given,
Solubility of Sn(OH)₄ = 1 × 10⁻⁷
Sn(OH)₄ = Sn⁴⁺ + 4OH⁻
Ksp = s × (4s)⁴
= 256 s⁵
Ksp = 256 × 1 × 10⁻⁷
= 2.56 × 10⁻⁵
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Can anyone name this compound. Only number 4. and i would appreciate if you could explain how you name it.
The IUPAC name of the compound is 3-chloro-4-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane
How do i determine the name for the compound?The naming of compound follows the IUPAC principles. This is illustrated below:
Locate the longest continuous carbon chain. In this case it is carbon 8. Thus, we can say that the parent name is octaneIdentify the substituent groups attached. In this case the substituent groups attached are: Cl, CH₃ and CH₂CH₃ Give the substituents the lowest count. In this case, Cl is located at carbon 3, CH₂CH₃ is located at carbon 4 and the two CH₃ are located at carbon 2 and 4Combine the above to obtain the IUPAC name for the compound.Thus, the IUPAC name for the compound is: 3-chloro-4-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane
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The rate constant for the first-order reaction below is 0.0739 s-1
If the reaction is begun with an initial concentration of A equal to 0.95 M. what is the concentration of A after 38.02 s?
______M
The concentration of A after 38.02 s is 0.057 M.
What is the concentration of A after 38.02 s?The concentration of A after 38.02 s is calculated by using rate equation as follows;
[A] = [A]₀e^(-kt)
where;
k is the rate constantA is the concentration of reactant AA₀ is the initial concentration of A at t=0t is the time elapsed since the reaction startedThe concentration of A after 38.02 s is calculated as;
[A] = [A]₀e^(-kt)
= 0.95 M e^(-0.0739 s⁻¹ x 38.02 s)
= 0.057 M
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what is the answer to this question and how do i figure it out?
The m/z that can be seen in propan - 1 ol but not propan - 2 ol is m/z = 15
What is the mass spectrum?The distribution of ions produced by a sample in a mass spectrometer is depicted graphically as the mass spectrum. A sample is ionized in a mass spectrometer, where the resultant ions are sorted according to their m/z ratio.
Each peak in the mass spectrum corresponds to a certain m/z ratio and represents one of the several ions that the sample produced. Thus the propan - 1 ol has the m/z = 15
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List at least five terms from the introduction that you can use as key words in your search. edmentum science
Finding and examining search phrases that people enter through search engines for the purpose to utilise that information is the process of conducting keyword research.
The phrases and words that people employ when using search engines in order to locate what they're searching for are known as keywords. For instance, you may type "mens leather coat" into a search engine to get a new jacket. The phrase is still regarded as a keyword even though it has numerous words.
Keywords are concepts and themes that describe the subject matter of your article. They are the phrases and words that users type into search engines to find information, commonly referred to as "search queries" within SEO. If you scale down the size of all the content on your page, including the images, videos, prose, and so on.
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Answer:
idek
Explanation:
Determine the density of a sample of ozone gas, O3 at 755 Torr and 18C.
The concept ideal gas equation is used here to determine the density of the ozone gas. The gas equation obtained by the combination of Boyle's law, Charles's law and Avogadro's law is known as the ideal gas equation.
Density is the measurement of how tightly a material is packed together. It is known as the mass per unit volume.
The ideal gas equation is:
PV = nRT
V = nRT / P
V = 1 × 0.0821 × 291 / 0.9966 = 23.97 L
755 Torr = 0.9966 atm
18°C = 291 K
Density = Mass / Volume
d = 48 / 23.97
d = 2.002 g/L
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3. If I have 3 moles of gas in a container with a volume of 60 liters and at a temperature of 400 K, what is the pressure inside the container?
Answer:
The pressure would be 1.65 atmospheres.
What is the numerical value of Kc
for the following reaction if the equilibrium mixture contains 0.032 M
N2O4 and 0.24 M NO2?
N2O4(g)⇌2NO2(g)
6. Calculate the pH of a buffer prepared by mixing 0.10 mol-L-' acetic acid (CH;COOH, HAc) and
0.10 mol L NaOH solution with the volume ratio of 3:1. (Answer pH = 4.45
If 4.53g Ar are added to 1.12 atm He in a 2.00 L cylinder at 27.0 Celsius degree
What is the total of gaseous mixture?
The total gaseous mixture is 4.48 g.
The total gaseous mixture can be calculated using the ideal gas law: PV = nRT.
First, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin: 27.0°C + 273.15 = 300.15 K.
Next, we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles of each gas:
For He: n = (1.12 atm) (2.00 L) / (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K) (300.15 K) = 0.0906 mol
For Ar: n = (4.53 g) / (39.95 g/mol) = 0.113 mol
The total number of moles of gas in the mixture is then:
n(total) = n(He) + n(Ar) = 0.0906 mol + 0.113 mol = 0.204 mol
Finally, we can calculate the total mass of the mixture:
m(total) = n(total) × M(avg)
where M(avg) is the average molar mass of the mixture, which can be calculated as:
M(avg) = (M(He) + M(Ar)) / 2 = (4.003 g/mol + 39.95 g/mol) / 2 = 21.98 g/mol
Thus,
m(total) = 0.204 mol × 21.98 g/mol = 4.48 g
Therefore, The total weight of the gaseous mixture is 4.48 g.
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How many liters of a 3.4 m isopropanol solution can be made with 78 g of isopropanol
Answer:
You can make 2.29 L of 3.4 M isopropanol solution with 78 g of isopropanol.
Explanation:
Determine the pH of a solution that is 0.00501 M HCl and 0.0378 M HClO2. The a of HClO2 is 1.1×10−2
.
The acidity or alkalinity of a solution depends on the hydronium ion and hydroxide ion concentration. The pH scale is introduced by the scientist Sorensen. The pH of the solution is -1.90.
The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm to the base 10 of the value of the hydronium ion concentration in moles per litre. The pH of the solution is given as:
pH = -log [H₃O⁺]
Dissociation of HCl is:
HCl + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻
Kₐ = [H₃O⁺][Cl⁻] / [HCl]
1.3 × 10⁶ = x × x / 0.00501
x² = 0.00501 × 1.3 × 10⁶ = 6513
x = √6513 = 80.7 M
HClO₂ + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + ClO⁻
Kₐ = [H₃O⁺][ClO⁻] / [HClO₂]
1.1×10⁻² = x² / 0.0378
x² = 0.0378 × 1.1×10⁻² = 0. 00041
x = 0.020 M
Thus the total concentration now is :
x = [H₃O⁺] = 0.020 + 80.7 = 80.72 M
pH = -log [H₃O⁺]
-log[80.72 ] = -1.90
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The rate of deforestation to create new buildings and farmland has increased over the last 100 years. What effect could this have on the atmosphere in the future?
The increase in deforestation can have a significant impact on the atmosphere in the future, mainly by reducing the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
Trees take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen as a byproduct, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. However, when trees are cut down, the carbon they have stored is released back into the atmosphere, contributing to increased levels of greenhouse gases.
The increase in greenhouse gases can lead to global warming and climate change, which can have a range of negative effects on the environment and human health, such as rising sea levels, increased frequency and severity of natural disasters, and more intense heat waves. Additionally, deforestation can lead to soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of local ecosystems.
It is important to find ways to reduce deforestation and promote sustainable land use practices to mitigate the potential impacts on the atmosphere and the environment as a whole.
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Why are zinc sulfate and copper sulfate solutions used for the battery? Why not just plain water?
Answer:
Combinations of certain metals, such as copper and zinc, will produce electrical activity when placed in special solutions called electrolytes. The two metals form the electrodes. The electrolyte creates a chemical action that causes the zinc to form positive ions and the copper to form negative ions.
Water can't be used due to copper sulfate being highly soluble in water.
H₂SO4what compound is this
Answer:
H₂SO₄ is sulfuric acid
Explanation:
H₂SO₄ is a chemical formula for sulfuric acid. It is a highly corrosive and dense liquid that is commonly used in many industrial processes, such as the production of fertilizers, dyes, detergents, and pharmaceuticals. Sulfuric acid is also used in car batteries and as a laboratory reagent.
find the ΔG°rxn for a reaction that has a K = 17.23 at 371 K. Is the reaction spontaneous. Note: R = 8.314 J/mol.K
The value of ΔG°rxn is - 6979 J/mol, and the reaction is spontaneous.
The change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°rxn) for a reaction can be calculated using the equation;
ΔG°rxn = -RT ln(K)
where; R = gas constant = 8.314 J/mol.K
T = temperature in Kelvin (K)
K = equilibrium constant for the reaction
Given;
K = 17.23
T = 371 K
R = 8.314 J/mol.K
Plugging in the given values into the equation;
ΔG°rxn = - (8.314 J/mol.K) × (371 K) * ln(17.23)
Using a calculator, we can calculate the natural logarithm of 17.23:
ln(17.23) ≈ 2.848
Plugging this value back into the equation;
ΔG°rxn = - (8.314 J/mol.K) × (371 K) × 2.848
ΔG°rxn ≈ - 6979 J/mol
The negative value of ΔG°rxn indicates that the reaction is spontaneous, as ΔG°rxn < 0.
Therefore, the reaction will occur spontaneously in the forward direction at 371 K when the equilibrium constant (K) is 17.23.
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Write short note on the
-physical and chemical methods
of monitoring the rate of
chemical reaction
Answer:
Physical and chemical methods can be used to monitor the rate of a chemical reaction. Physical methods measure changes in properties like temperature, pressure, or volume. Chemical methods track reactant consumption or product formation using techniques like titration or spectrophotometry. The choice of method depends on the reaction being studied, and scientists use these methods to gain insight into reaction kinetics and optimize conditions for better efficiency and selectivity.
Which of the following is true
The only true option here is option (b) Decreasing the activation energy increases the reaction rate.
What is Activation EnergyActivation Energy is the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. When the activation energy is lowered, it becomes easier for reactant molecules to overcome the energy barrier and react, leading to an increase in the reaction rate. Therefore, decreasing the activation energy increases the reaction rate.
If you recall the statement "The activation energy of an exothermic reaction is negative". This statement is not always true. The activation energy can be positive, negative, or zero, depending on the specific reaction.
There is another statement from the question which says, "There is no relationship between activation energy and reaction rate". This statement is entirely false.
Note that the activation energy plays a crucial role in determining the reaction rate.
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What is hydrogen fuel cell technology
Answer:
By combining hydrogen and air in the presence of a catalyst, a fuel cell generates electricity to drive an electric motor, with water vapor as the only by-product. So, compared to a battery, a fuel cell is an energy converter rather than a storage device.
Explanation:
in general, which of the following statements about electron-pair geometries is true? question 14 options: a) they maximize the space between valence electrons to minimize the repulsion between them. b) they maximize the polarity of valence electrons to minimize the attraction between them. c) they maximize the space between
They maximise the distance between valence electrons to reduce the repulsion between them, which is option an in the correct response. This is so because the idea behind electron-pair geometries is to reduce valence electron repulsion.
By increasing the distance between them, which decreases the repelling power of the interactions between electrons, this is accomplished.
Because they reduce electron repulsion and enable molecules to adopt their most stable form, electron-pair geometries are used to anticipate the structure of molecules.
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Please name this compound.
Answer:
3 methyl hexene
Explanation:
Name the property shown.
9. 2 x= x 2
td
11. 7(z+ y) = 7z+ 7y
10. 231= 23
12. a + (2b + 3c) = (a + 2b) + 3c
Determine the mass of carbon dioxide that should be produced in the reaction between 3.74g of carbon and excess oxygen what is the maximum recent yield if 11.34g of CO2 is recovers
13.71g is the mass of carbon dioxide that should be produced in the reaction between 3.74g of carbon and excess oxygen. 83% is the percent yield.
Percent yield in chemistry is the percentage of the product's weight to its theoretical yield. In order to quantify the outcome in percent, we divide the experimental yield with the theoretical yield then multiply the result by 100. Chemists employ an equation called percent yield after a reaction to determine how much material they should have theoretically extracted against how much they actually acquired.
C+ O[tex]_2[/tex] → CO[tex]_2[/tex]
moles of carbon = 3.74/ 12=0.31moles
mass of CO[tex]_2[/tex] =0.31×44=13.71g
% yield = (11.34/13.71)× 100=83%
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Earth is the only planet in the Solar System with known, sustained life. Which of these things most likely enabled life on Earth to develop? (Choose 3) Select 3 correct answer(s) Question 4 options: Presence of liquid water Size of the Milky Way Galaxy Proximity of the Sun Composition of the atmosphere Oxygen-rich atmosphere
The three things that most likely enabled life on Earth to develop are the presence of liquid water, the composition of the atmosphere, and an oxygen-rich atmosphere, which are the first, fourth, and fifth options.
The development of life on Earth is believed to have occurred due to a combination of factors, including the presence of liquid water, the composition of the atmosphere, and the evolution of an oxygen-rich atmosphere. Water is essential for life as we know it. It provides a medium for biochemical reactions and is necessary for the functioning of many cellular processes. Earth's surface temperature and atmospheric pressure are such that water exists in its liquid state, which is ideal for life to thrive.
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What is the rate of the reaction in L/min
The rate of the reaction is obtained from the calculation as 0.022 L/min.
What is the rate of reaction?We know that the rate of reaction has to do with the change in the volume or the concentration of one of the reactant which the volume of the oxygen have been chosen for the particular question that we are dealing with here.
Thus;
Rate of reaction = Change in the volume of oxygen/Time
= v2 - v1/t
= 0.35 L - 0.02 L/15 min
=0.022 L/min
Thus, we can see that the rate of the reaction can be obtained as 0.022 L/min.
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a 40 ml solution containing .30 M Ti+3 was titrated with 0.75 M Sn+2. what potential at the equivalence point if the resulting solution is
measured against a reference electrode
at 300K, a sample of gas occupies 1.5 dm3.
Assuming the pressure remains constant, the volume of this gas at 600K would be?