The infralimbic (IL) subregion of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), according to recent investigations using lesion, infusion, and unit-recording techniques, is required for the suppression of conditioned fear after extinction.
Conditioned tones that resemble neuronal tone responses are used in conjunction with brief microstimulation of IL to diminish the expression of conditioned fear. The prelimbic (PL), dorsal anterior cingulate (ACd), and medial precentral (PrCm) cortices of the mPFC were examined in the current work using microstimulation to examine their roles in the expression and extinction of conditioned fear.
The acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear have both been linked to these tone-responsive regions. Microstimulation of PL boosted the expression of conditioned fear and inhibited extinction, in contrast to IL. ACd and PrCm microstimulation had no impact. Microstimulation of PL and IL demonstrated opposing effects under low-footshock settings (to prevent ceiling levels of freezing), increasing and lowering freezing to the conditioned tone, respectively.
We propose a mechanism for the bidirectional control of fear expression in which PL activates amygdala output and IL inhibits amygdala output.
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A society in which one person and his relatives have privileged access to wealth, power, and prestige is called a:__________
A society in which one person and his relatives have privileged access to wealth, power, and prestige is called a chiefdom.
In non-industrial societies, a chiefdom is a type of hierarchical political system that is typically based on kinship and where formal authority is monopolized by the rightful senior members of specific families or "houses." In relation to the wider population, these elites constitute a political-ideological aristocracy. Chiefdoms have a variety of traits. They are composed of other smaller communities, their decision-making is centralized, and they adhere to a social hierarchy.
The first kind of community where there are noticeable inequalities in social status, wealth, and power is a chiefdom. Typically, the leaders and their closest allies have significantly better access to food and material goods. Such cultures are frequently referred to as ranked in terms of social differences.
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What measurement would tell us that a city is located in the northern hemisphere
A measurement of latitude would tell us that a city is located in the northern hemisphere.
What is latitude?
Latitude, or the determination of position north or south of the Equator, is connected to longitude. Parallels are latitude-based lines.Maps are divided into east-west lines of latitude, which represent a point's position on the earth's equator.
At the equator, lines of latitude begin at 0 degrees and conclude at 90 degrees, respectively. So, the closer anything has to the North or South Pole, the higher the degree of latitude value.
The Northern Hemisphere is everything that lies north of the equator, and the Southern Hemisphere is everything that lies south of the equator.
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Premier corporation has an roe of 14 percent and a payout ratio of 16 percent. what is its sustainable growth rate?
If Premier corporation has an roe of 14 percent and a payout ratio of 16 percent. its sustainable growth rate is:13.32%
Sustainable growthSustainable growth rate = (ROE × b)/[1 – (ROE × b)]
Sustainable growth rate =ROE × b
1 - ROE × b
where:
b = Retention ratio = 1 - Payout ratio = 1-.16=.84
Sustainable growth rate = [.14(.84)]/[1 – .14(.84)]
Sustainable growth rate=0.1176/0.8824
Sustainable growth rate = .1332 or 13.32%
Therefore If Premier corporation has an roe of 14 percent and a payout ratio of 16 percent. its sustainable growth rate is:13.32%
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If marcus is only following orders to avoid an unpleasant consequence, he would fall on kohlberg’s ________ level.
If Marcus is only following orders to avoid an unpleasant consequence, he would fall on kohlberg’s Preconventional level.
What is the kohlberg’s theory?The kohlberg’s theory is called the stages of moral development. The theory of stages of moral development focuses on the thinking process that occurs when one decides whether a behaviour is right or wrong. The theoretical emphasis is on how individual decides to respond to a moral dilemma, not what one decides or what one actually does.
The Stages of Moral Development in Kohlberg's theory:Level 1. Preconventional Morality: This is the period that lasts until around the age of 9. At this age, the individual decisions are primarily shaped by the expectations of adults and the consequences for breaking the rules.Level 2. Conventional Morality: This period is marked by the acceptance of social rules regarding what is good and moral. During this time, adolescents and adults internalize the moral standards they have learned from their role models and from society.Level 3. Postconventional Morality: At this level of moral development, people have develop a full understanding of abstract principles of morality.Read more about kohlberg’s theory
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The fact that states set a mimiinum age for driving uatombobiles and consuming alochol illustrates that?
The fact that states set a minimum age for driving automobiles and consuming alcohol illustrates that the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does not actually require that the government treat everyone equally.
The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the States from denying equal protection of the laws to any person within its jurisdiction. This implies that individuals similarly situated should receive equal treatment under the law.
But as long as the basic tenets of this provision is adhered to, the state is allowed to make reasonable discrimination, such as setting a minimum age for driving automobiles or consuming alcohol.
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How did europe's cultural exchanges with the americas and the pacific compare with its exchanges with china and the islamic world?
The cultural exchanges of Europe with the Americas and the Pacific and exchanges with China and the Islamic world differ in the sense that when European conquerors arrived in America, they undermined the cultural life of the native indigenous, imposing on them their habits, customs and religion.
What consequences did the cultural exchange between Europe and Native Americans have?When Europeans discovered america, they found many natives in the territories, who imposed their culture on the indigenous, generating an unequal transfer of practices, such as conversion to Christianity in addition to the violence with which these peoples were treated, having their territories taken and forced to work in the colonies.
Therefore, cultural exchanges between Europeans and Native Americans culminated in the cultural exclusion of indigenous people, who were forced to adapt to European culture.
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If the king is not replaced, what is the probability that a king will be drawn on the second selection assuming the card selections are not independent? (round your answer to 3 decimal places.)
The probability that a king will be drawn on the second selection assuming the card selections are not independent.
Since there are 4 kings in a deck of 52 cards, the likelihood of drawing a king first is 4/52, or 1 in 13. Since there are still 3 kings in the deck out of a possible 51 cards, the odds of drawing a card selections without a king are 48/51 if the king is not replaced. Replacement just entails resetting the deck. Additionally, you should be aware that a deck of 52 cards has four kings. The odds of getting a king would therefore be four out of 52. Each result of drawing a card from a deck thus has a probability of 1/52. The probability of an event is the total of the probabilities of its outcomes, so the likelihood of drawing a spade is 13/52, or 1/4, and the likelihood of drawing a club is 1/2. King drawing is 4/52 or 1/13 card selections.
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mark is a new immigrant in a country. he gets acquainted with several local people. however, when he compares himself with them, he feels that they have more opportunities and are more successful than him. therefore, mark is experiencing .
In a case whereby Mark is a new immigrant in a country and gets acquainted with several local people as as feeling that they have more opportunities and are more successful than him, in this situation he is experiencing relative deprivation.
What is relative deprivation?Relative deprivation can be described as the lack of resources which could be in term of sustaining the diet as well as lifestyle, activities and amenities.
It is usually seen in individual or group where they were accustomed to approval in the society , in this case we can see that Mark is experiencing the relative depreciation due to how he compares himself with them, he feels that they have more opportunities and are more successful than him.
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If you want a relatively broad, unbiased overview of a subject, you should consult a/an:_________
If you want to have a relatively broad unbiased overview of a subject, you should consult an encyclopedia.
It would be best to consult an encyclopedia in order to find a relatively broad unbiased overview of a subject. Encyclopedia is a collection of short, factual entries written by different contributors who have knowledge about the subject.
Thus, encyclopedia is a reliable source of information to get a relatively broad and unbiased overview of the subject. It treats a particular subject in a comprehensive manner by covering all the related details, such as background information, key ideas, important dates, and concepts.
Encyclopedias are highly suitable to consult as a starting point for gaining a broad unbiased introductory information on a particular subject. The introductory information helps either to broaden or to narrow down the subject, depending on one’s requirement.
Encyclopedia provides keywords and terms related to the subject that are required to conduct further research on the subject.
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Why is it significant that the people celebrate the man’s forced wedding? it symbolizes the joy and thrill of marriage. it symbolizes the lack of concern and empathy for others. it suggests that good always wins. it suggests that people are ruled by fate.
People celebrate forced marriage because it symbolizes a lack of concern and empathy for others.
In forced marriage, the choice of one party is asserted on others. A forced marriage is one in which one or more of the partners were wed against their will or without their knowledge. Even if both parties enter a marriage with complete permission, it can nevertheless turn into a forced union if one or both are later made to stay against their choice. Forced marriage, also known as servile marriage, also occurs when a widow is left with no choice but to be inherited by one of her husband's male relatives or when a wife is forcibly transferred to another in exchange for money. Forced marriage is also a technique of regulating women's sexuality.
Some parents believe that forcing their daughters into marriage is the best way to shield them from the dangers of romantic relationships and, most importantly, from sexual relation outside marriage.
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The belief in the superiority of one's own culture is known as?
Answer:
They wanted religious freedom and economic opportunity. The United States is a country where individual rights and self-government are important.
Explanation:
The in-charge auditor most likely would have a supervisory responsibility to explain to the staff assistants:______.
The in-charge auditor most likely would have a supervisory responsibility to explain to the staff assistants:
Should be informed of their responsibilities and the objectives of the procedures that they are to perform.How the results of various auditing procedures performed by the assistants should be evaluated.What is an in charge auditor?The Audit In-Charge is known to be a person who helps or function to leads staff in regards to client audit engagements.
It is one that is made up of planning, executing, as well as completing financial audits.
The work of an in charge accountant is that they help to handle (manage)accounts payable as well as the accounts receivable, the Reconciling cash, bank accounts and others.
Therefore, The in-charge auditor most likely would have a supervisory responsibility to explain to the staff assistants:
Should be informed of their responsibilities and the objectives of the procedures that they are to perform.How the results of various auditing procedures performed by the assistants should be evaluated.Learn more about auditor from
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The in-charge auditor most likely would have a supervisory responsibility to explain to the staff assistants:
A. That fraud is not to be reported to those charged with governance.
B. How the results of various auditing procedures performed by the assistants should be evaluated.
C. What benefits may be attained by the assistants’ adherence to established time budgets.
D. Why certain documents are being transferred from the current file to the permanent file.
A _________ protects against an attack in which one party generates a message for another party to sign.
A strong hash function protects against an attack in which one party generates a message for another party to sign.
What do you mean by hash function?The purpose of a hash function is to fit a set of inputs of any size into a table or other data structure with fixed-size elements.
A hash is a value in a table or data structure that was created using the hash function that was used to create that specific table or data structure. Hash tables are typically used to describe the created table or data structure. The assumption is also made that a hash table's data access time complexity is O(1), or constant.
What are the 3 main properties of hash function?Secure cryptographic hash functions were one of the more difficult ideas for my students to understand, in part due to the number theory but also because it was difficult for them to distinguish between the three characteristics of a secure hash function: collision resistance, preimage resistance, and second preimage resistance.
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If you were an inspector in a case, describe how you would remedy a violation on the spot. what would your instructions be to the facility's owner?
To prevent more infractions, you should watch for the immediately apparent one, respond to it, and offer advice on how to do it better.
What is a safety violation?Violation is the failure or reluctance to adhere to a formal agreement or rule. A purposeful departure from the policies, practices, and directives established for the safety and effectiveness of a system is considered a safety violation by the Health & Safety Executive.
What aspect of an inspector's job is most crucial?Inspectors are in charge of handling incidents and making sure that their personnel handles incidents in a professional and efficient manner. They should keep a careful eye on the level of service rendered by their employees as well as how incidents are handled and resolved.
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which Provides a foundation for further study between Learner Ship, FET college, institute of technology, University and Private college
For the reason that FET is just the older name for TVET, there are not any differences between the 2 schools. TVET stands for Technical and Vocational education and training. at the TVET college, a pupil gets schooling and training which relates to a specific range of jobs, employment, or entrepreneurial opportunities.
FET is a quite huge class that consists of both the traditional academic qualification of the National Senior Certificate (NSC), which is awarded upon the hit final touch of Matric and the vocational and technical qualifications presented via TVET colleges.
FET colleges are designed to offer studying programs that develop the abilities needed in the South African economy, and publish-matric college students are being endorsed to discover this road of higher training. Des Squire talks about the motive of FET faculties in a country wracked by using skills shortages.
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define social problem
Every relation without transitive functional dependencies is in 3nf. true/ false
Every relation without transitive functional dependencies is in 2NF. Every relation without transitive functional dependencies is in 3NF. If A, B, C, and D are columns of the table whose composite primary key is A, B while C and D are nonkey columns then B --> C is a partial functional dependency.
What is 3nf?A database schema design strategy for relational databases known as the third normal form makes use of normalising principles to lessen data duplication, prevent data anomalies, guarantee referential integrity, and streamline data management.
When a relation has First and Second Normal Form and no non-primary-key attribute is transitively dependent on the primary key, the relation is said to have Third Normal Form (3NF). Note: If A->B and B->C are two FDs, then A->C is referred to as a transitive dependency.
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globalization and the role of public transfers in redistributing income in latin america and the caribbean
As a result of globalization as well as the role of public transfers in redistributing income in Latin America and the Caribbean, public transfers can be effective tools for redistributing income to the poor.
What is redistributing income?If done correctly, income redistribution will reduce poverty by reducing inequality. However, it may not significantly accelerate growth, except perhaps besides reducing social tensions caused by inequality and enabling poor people to spend more money to human and physical capital formation.
The role of public transfers in redistributing income and globalization in Latin america and the Caribbean are as follows-
The redistributive authority of 56 transfers in 8 countries is assessed using simulations of their effects on poverty and inequality, as well as their distributional characteristics. According to studies, public transfers could be effective tools for redistributing income to the poor. However, this is not always the case. In some countries, the redistributive effects of social insurance are limited, if not regressive. This is caused by two design factors: a reduction in coverage due to membership requirements in formal labor markets, which exclude the most of of the poor, and extremely generous unit advantages for those in the upper quintiles. The more latest emergence of social support only partially compensates for the region's historical truncation of public transfers.To know more about the redistributing income, here
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choose the best option regarding the following statement. you are in a crowded elevator and a co-worker begins to discuss a case with you.
"You are in a crowded elevator and a co-worker begins to discuss a case with you" statement indicates that this is a violation of HIPPA as the co-worker is sharing the information of case in between so many people.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPPA) is a federal law that needed the creation of national standards to safe-guard sensitive patient health information from being disclosed while not with the patient's consent or knowledge.
HIPAA Compliance is the method by that lined entities got to defend and secure a patient's health care information or Protected Health Information. HIPPA compliance is necessary and the sharing information of case should never be done.
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"I think it's important to be a caring person," Ann says. Then she cuts in front of three other people because she doesn't want to wait in line. The difference between Ann's words and her actions shows she doesn't have much__________
A. self-awareness
B. leadership
C. self-respect
D. rebelliousness
Answer: A. self-awareness lets talk about it a cant be rite its so rong i no that c is rite
B. leadership
C. self-respect
D. rebelliousnes
Explanation:
The nurse is preparing to admit a client with urge incontinence. in writing the nursing care plan, the nurse writes interventions that target which manifestation?
Inability to stop the flow of pee long enough to use the bathroom.
Why does urge incontinence occur?Urge incontinence seems to become increasingly common as we age. Stress can make symptoms worse, and drinking liquids like tea, coffee, fizzy drinks, or alcohol might also make them worse. Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and other illnesses that impair the brain's ability to communicate with the bladder through the spinal cord have been related to urge incontinence.
The capacity of a person to hold and store urine may be impacted by several disorders. Another cause of urge incontinence is constipation. Other causes include an enlarged prostate gland and a lengthy history of bad bladder behaviors, such as going to the bathroom before the bladder is full ("just in case"). An overactive bladder might occasionally have no known etiology.
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When action potentials reach terminal buttons, chemical communicators called _____ are released.
When action potentials reach terminal buttons, chemical communicators called Neurotransmitters are released.
What are neurotransmitters?Neurotransmitters can be described as the chemical messengers which is needed in the body so it can function properly.
It should be noted that this transmitter help to carry chemical signals (“messages”) from one neuron which is known as the nerve cell to the next target cell, therefore, When action potentials reach terminal buttons, chemical communicators called Neurotransmitters are released.
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when exiting your vehicle, always verify that your are in your hand before locking the door.
When exiting your vehicle, always verify that your car keys are in your hand before locking the door.
Fidgeting through your personal items in search of your car keys leaves you in an extremely vulnerable position to any would-be attackers, carjackers, or kidnappers. Even taking a few seconds like 10 to dig around in your purse gives a robber ample time to make a move and take advantage of your distractedness.
Therefore, its very important to make sure that your car keys are in your hand before locking the door for your own safety from any would be attackers.
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rosa, an avoid tennis player, is beginning to feel some slight aches in her elbows and knees, something she has never experienced before. in terms of typical development, she is most likely in her
Rosa, an avoid tennis player, begins to feel some slight aches in her elbows and knees, something she never had experienced before. So in terms of typical development, she is most likely in her thirties.
When a person gets older, this aging process tends to decrease the amount of the physical activity which a person can perform by 40%-80%. So the older a person gets the less likely they would be able to continue carrying out certain activities.
So when a person is at the age of thirty, they have gotten to the age where overall fitness would start declining. So when someone gets older they experience some slight aches in their elbows and knees. In terms of typical development this depends on the age.
Hence, this also leads to the decline in their muscle mass and their endurance would decline also.
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Troy knows he has the ability to do well in his calculus class but also knows he must never miss class and do all homework assignments to obtain a good grade. troy is demonstrating defensive ______.
Troy knows he has the ability to do well in his calculus class but also knows he must never miss class and do all homework assignments to obtain a good grade. troy is demonstrating defensive pessimism.
What is defensive pessimism?The term defensive pessimism has to do with the coping mechanism that a person would have that would help the individual in the management of anxiety that the individual may have surrounding them due to the circumstances that they are facing.
In this question, we can see that Troy is trying to say that the only way he would do well is by attending classes and doing all that is required of him.
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When using the range function, what effect does the specification of a third argument have?
The range's step value is specified by the third argument. The range function's beginning point is the third argument.
What is the minimum number of spaces that should be used to create an indented statement?Python defaults to using four spaces for indentation. The user has complete discretion over the number of spaces, though. To indent a statement, however, a minimum of one space is required. There cannot be an indentation on the first line of Python code.
What is Indentation in Python?In Python, indentation refers to the leading whitespace (spaces and tabs) before any statement. Indentation is significant in Python because it serves purposes other than enhancing code readability. Statements that have an identical amount of whitespace preceding them and the same indentation level are treated as one code block by Python. Therefore, a block of code in Python is a collection of statements with the same indentation level, or the same amount of leading whitespaces, as opposed to languages like C, C++, etc. where a block of code is represented by curly brackets.
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it’s a battle you are never going to win"": perspectives from journalists in four countries on how digital media platforms undermine trust in news
It’s a battle you are never going to win"": Perspectives from journalists in four countries on how digital media platforms undermine trust in news" is a research paper in which scholarly worries over potential effects on news trust, which has decreased in many nations, have been sparked by platforms' rising role in news consumption.
Although it is important to understand how journalists use these tools, less is known about how journalists themselves view this relationship. In this study, the researchers have explored journalists' narratives—as meta-journalistic discourse—about how platforms affect confidence in news by drawing on 85 interviews with news workers from four countries in both the Global North and South.
On two separate levels, we find that practitioners across all environments primarily express negative opinions regarding platforms in relation to trust.
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People who feel good about themselves, deal effectively with life's challenges, and have compassion for themselves and others are known as?
Correct answer is resilience. Resilience is the system and outcome of efficaciously adapting to hard or difficult life experiences, especially through mental, emotional, and behavioral flexibility and adjustment to exterior and interior demands.
Resilience is the capability to recover from difficult experiences and setbacks, to adapt, move forward and occasionally even trip growth. An individual's resilience is dictated with the aid of a combination of genetics, private history, surroundings and situational context.
What is an instance resilience?People tend to show resilience greater frequently than you think. One instance of resilience is the response of many Americans after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and individuals' efforts to rebuild their lives.
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(B) Hurricanes' pattern directly affects the countries of the Caribbean and Central America.
What do we mean by Hurricanes?A hurricane is a tropical storm with wind gusts that have reached 74 miles per hour or higher. A storm's eye is typically 20-30 miles wide and can extend for 400 miles. Storms can cause torrential rains, high winds, and storm surges. Hurricanes are formed by a combination of warm water, moist warm air, and light upper-level winds. Hurricanes form when masses of warm, moist air from the ocean's surface rise rapidly and collide with the general public of cooler air. The pattern of hurricanes has a direct impact on the Caribbean and Central American countries.Therefore, (B) hurricanes' pattern directly affects the countries of the Caribbean and Central America.
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The complete question is given below:
What weather pattern directly affects the countries of the Caribbean and Central America?
(A) Clippers
(B) Hurricanes
(C) Tornados
(D)Typhoons
What are the two primary methods a bts uses to communicate with several subscribers at the same time?
The two main strategies a bts employs to speak with numerous customers simultaneously are TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).
A general plan to accomplish one or more long-term or overall goals in the face of uncertainty is known as a strategy. The term was first used in the 6th century C.E. in Eastern Roman terminology, and it wasn't until the 18th century that it was translated into Western vernacular languages in the sense of the "art of the general," which included several subsets of skills including military tactics, siegecraft, logistics, etc. From that point forward, and up to the 20th century, the term "strategy" grew to mean "a comprehensive means to try to attain political aims, including the threat or actual use of force, in a dialectic of wills" in a military battle, in which both opponents interact.
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