The volume of the stock solution is 6.25 mL.
Stock solutions are manufactured by the technician or pharmacist and have a known concentration for ease of dispensing.
A closed surface-enclosed three-dimensional space's volume is measured physically.
12 molar of HCl is required to make 500 ml of 0.15 liters.
The number of moles n of HCl can be calculated as:
c = n / V
n = c × V
n = 0.15 M × 500 ml
n = 0.15 M × 500 × 10⁻³
n = 0.075 moles HCl
Now, the volume of the stock can be calculated using the number of moles of hydrochloric acid.
c = n / V
V = n / c
V(stock) = 0.075 moles / 12 M
V(stock) = 0.075 moles / (12 moles/ L )
V(stock) = 0.00625 L
V(stock) = 0.00625 × 10³ mL
V(stock) = 6.25 mL
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You place 0.45 mg of salicylic acid (sa, 138.12 g/mol) into water to make 87.3 ml of solution. what is the concentration of the sa?
The concentration of making 87.3 ml of salicylic acid solution with 0.45 mg is 3.73x10⁻⁵ M
To solve this problem, the formulas and the procedures that we have to use are:
M = n(solute)/v(solution) Ln = m / MWWhere:
M= molarityn = molesm = massv = volumeMW = molecular weightInformation about the problem:
m = 0.45 mgv = 87.3 mLMW = 138.12 g/molM = ?Converting the volume units from (ml) to (L) we have:
v(solution) = 87.3 mL * (1 L/1000 ml)
v(solution) = 0.0873 L
Converting the mass units from (mg) to (g) we have:
m = 0.45 mg * (1 g/1000 mg)
m = 0.00045 g
Having the MW we calculate the moles of salicylic acid:
n(salicylic acid) = m(salicylic acid) / MW(salicylic acid)
n(salicylic acid) = 0.00045 g / 138.12 g/mol
n(salicylic acid) = 3.258x10⁻⁶ mol
Applying the molarity formula, we get:
M = n(solute)/v(solution) L
M = 3.258x10⁻⁶ mol / 0.0873 L
M = 3.73x10⁻⁵ M
What is a solution?In chemistry a solution is known as a homogeneous mixture of two or more components called:
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The valence electron configuration for an unknown element is xs² xp, where x is an integer. Based on your knowledge of ion formation, predict the charge for the ion that would form when this element loses or gains electrons.
The element with electronic configuration xs² xp⁴ will gain 2 additional electrons resulting in the formation of an anion (negative ion), giving the element a charge of -2.
A charged atom is termed an ion and it is formed when an atom loses or gains electrons that are present in its outermost valence shell.
When an atom loses electrons, it turns into an anion and acquires a negative charge, whereas when it gains electrons, it turns into a cation and acquires a positive charge.
We now have an unknown element with the electronic setup xs² xp⁴. The electrical configuration shows that the element has four valence electrons in its outermost shell and requires two more electrons to complete its octet. As a result, the element will gain two more electrons, resulting in the formation of an anion (negative ion) with a charge of -2.
Note: Since losing four electrons is not possible, the element will gain electrons much more easily.
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one possible drawback to moist-heat cookery is that may leach out and be lost in the liquid.
One possible drawback to moist-heat cookery is that color, flavor, vitamins and minerals may leach out and be lost in the liquid.
What is cooking with moist heat?
Liquid or steam is used in moist heat cooking to deliver heat to the food. Poaching, steaming, and braising are three common methods. Each os the moist heat cooking method uses heat in the form of liquid or vapor to slowly cook food and loosen connective tissue.
Numerous nutrients, including vitamins and minerals, are lost when food is cooked using moist heat because these nutrients stay in the liquid that they were originally cooked in. Taste is lost when food is boiled since it also stays in the liquid.
Question:
One possible drawback to moist-heat cookery is that _______ may leach out and be lost in the liquid.
a.color
b.flavor
c.vitamins
d.minerals
e.all the above
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crystals are made using supersaturated solutions of solids in water. these solutions hold more of the solute than they would at room temperature. how are these solutions made?
crystals are made using supersaturated solutions of solids in water. these solutions hold more of the solute than they would at room temperature.
An appropriate solution might be that the water might want to be heated to a better temperature, which might provide molecules and ions extra kinetic energy, growing solubility.
What are supersaturated solutions?
A solution that has extra solute dissolved in it in comparison to a saturated solution is referred to as a supersaturated solution. It may be organized with the aid of using including extra solute to an solution this is already saturated with the technique of heating in order that the solute may be effortlessly dissolved. These solutions are in a non-equilibrium state.
Supersaturated solutions maintain extra of the solute at better temperatures than they might at room temperature. Hence, an appropriate solution might be that the water might want to be heated to a better temperature, which might provide molecules and ions extra kinetic energy, growing solubility.
Generally, solubility will increase with boom in temperature. At better temperature, the kinetic energy of molecules in answer boom. Consequently, extra of the molecules/ions of solutes collide extra with every different and dissolve. At decrease temperature, the molecules of the solutes crystalize out in answer.
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1 points ebookprintreferencescheck my workcheck my work button is now disableditem 3 what is the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 84.7 g of kmno4 in 165 g of water?
The molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 84.7 g of kmno4 in 165 g of water is 3.25m
What is molality?Molality is a measure of number of the moles of solute in a solution corresponding to 1 kg or 1000 g of solvent. This contrasts with definition of the molarity which is based on a specified volume of solution.
The term molality is formed in analogy to the molarity which is molar concentration of a solution. The earliest known use of intensive property molality and of its adjectival unit, now-deprecated molal, appears to have been published by G. N. Lewis and M. Randall in the 1923 publication of Thermodynamics and Free Energies of Chemical Substances. Though two terms are subject to being confused with the one another, the molality and molarity of a dilute aqueous solution are nearly same, as one kilogram of water (solvent) occupies volume of 1 liter at room temperature and a small amount of solute has little effect on the volume.
Therefore,
molality = moles of solute / kg solvent, "m"
=0.535mol/0.165kg
=3.25m
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A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valence is 4. this is because the carbon atom ___.
Since carbon has four valence electrons, it can create four covalent bonds to reach the entire outer energy level.
What are valence electrons?The electrons in an atom's outermost shell, or energy level, are called valence electrons. For instance, the valence electrons of oxygen are six, with two in the 2s subshell and four in the 2p subshell.
For neutral atoms, the number of valence electrons is equal to the number of the atom's primary group. The main group number of an element in the periodic table can be found by looking at its column. For instance, the group 4 member carbon contains four valence electrons. Oxygen, a group six member, has six valence electrons.
Chlorine, fluorine, iodine, and astatine are members of the halogen family of elements, which are those containing seven electrons in the valence shell.
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when the group of fatty acids reacts in a dehydration synthesis reaction with the group of glycerol, fats or oils are formed.
Fats or oils are created when the hydroxide group of glycerol combines in a dehydration synthesis process with the carboxyl group of fatty acids.
What are fatty acids?
The building blocks of fat in our bodies and the food we eat are called fatty acids. During digestion, the body transforms lipids into fatty acids so they may be absorbed into the bloodstream. A molecule known as a triglyceride is created when three fatty acid molecules are linked together.
Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids are all present in dietary fats. Even while meals include all three forms of fatty acids, they are frequently grouped according to the prevalent type.
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using the henderson-hasselbalch equation, calculate the mass of sodium acetate (dry) and volumes of glacial acetic acid (liquid) and dh2o you would need to prepare 50 ml of 0.2 m acetate buffer, ph 4.5.
Using henderson-hasselbach equation, the mass of sodium acetate(dry) is 0.2g and volumes of glacial acetic acid and dH₂O needed to prepare 50 mL of 0.2 M acetate buffer of pH 4.5 are 9.125 mL and 15. 875 mL
The Henderson-Hasselbach equation is :
pH = pKₐ + log [A ⁻]
[HA]
We have a pH 4.5 solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate. pKₐ of acetic acid is 4.75. Taking ratio of weak acid to conjugate base:
4.5 = 4.75 + log [sodium acetate]
[acetic acid]
[Sodium acetate] = 0.5623
[acetic acid]
Now, number of moles of each component to be calculated.
If total concentration is- 0.10 M, then:
[HA] + 0.5754[HA] = 0 .10 M
[HA] = 0.10
1.0000 + 0.5754
[A⁻] = 0.0365 M
Total volume given is - 50 mL(50 mL= 0.050 L), so the moles of each component :
nₐ₋ = 0.0365 mol x 0.050 L = 0.001825 mol
L
nhₐ = 0.0635 mol x 0.050 L = 0.003175 mol
L
Let the starting concentration were 0.20M, then we can find volume they both start with:
Vₐ₋ = 1L x 0.001825 mols A⁻ = 0.009125 L
0.20 mols A⁻
= 9.125 mL
Vhₐ = 1L x 0.003175 mols HA = 0.015875 L
0.20 mols HA
= 15.875 mL
To calculate mass of sodium acetate , using the equation:
pKₐ = -log Kₐ = -log 1.8 x 10⁻⁵ = 4.74 (kₐ of acetic acid is 1.8 x 10⁻⁵)
4.5 = 4.74 + log [acetate] / [acetic acid]
log[acetate] / [acetic acid] = -0.24
[acetate] / [acetic acid] = 0.182
x/0.2=0.182
x = [acetate] = 0.0364 M
0.0364 mol/L x 0.050 L x 136.08 g/mol = 0.247 g
Since the molarity is given to only one significant figure, answer can be reported as 0.2 g
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Which qualification is not a specific criterion for classifying a substance as a neurotransmitter?
Tendency of the substance to travel long distances between the site of origin and target area is not a specific criterion for classify a substance as a neurotransmitter.
Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that are responsible for transporting chemical “messages” from one neuron to the subsequent target cell. The target cell may be a gland, muscle, or another nerve cell. Neurotransmitters are generally classified on the basis of their inhibitory or excitatory action.
Neurotransmitters plays major roles in controlling body functions like senses, breathing, heart beat, hormone regulation and blood pressure.
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a student put a bottle of water and a can of sugared soda in the freezer to chill them quickly . when she took them out , the bottle of water was frozen but the can of soda was not. explain why this happen
Answer:
it's because the liquid in the bottle is supercooled
the resultant pressure force acting on a body completely or partially submerged in a liquid is the ______________________________.
The resultant pressure force acting on a body completely or partially submerged in a liquid is the
When a body is completely or partially submerged in a liquid, the resultant pressure force acting on the body is called the buoyant force.
What is buoyant force?A fluid's uoyancy, also known as an upthrust, is an upward force that works against the weight of an item that is partially or completely submerged in the fluid. Because of the weight of the fluid on top, pressure in a fluid column rises with depth.
Accordingly, a fluid column's bottom has a higher pressure than its top. Similar to this, when an object is submerged in a liquid, the pressure at the bottom of the object is higher than at the top. The net force on the object is upward due to the pressure difference. According to Archimedes' principle, the force's strength is proportional to the difference in pressure and is equal to the weight of the fluid that would otherwise occupy the space.
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In what ways are roller coaster rides similar to and different from training simulations in a NASA plane?
The similarities and differences between roller coaster rides and NASA plane training sims.
The forces are not sustained, as James Sebastian indicated, although being of approximately equal magnitude. This is what makes all the difference. The most physically taxing component of my high-performance aircraft flying is holding a turn at 6-8re or a G suit, you can quickly experience GLOC (G Induced LossG for anywhere between 10 and 20 seconds. Without the "hick" maneuver of Consciousness), which feels like your brain is being drained of blood. Consider that you will likely weigh as much as a small family automobile during those 20 seconds as well. We typically feel fatigued after a roller coaster flight since it is challenging and exhausting to move our limbs.
PS: Flying has destroyed skydiving and roller coasters.
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an fcc metal is known to have a lattice parameter of 0.45 nm and an atomic weight of 96.4 g/mol. calculate its theoretical density in g/cm3. (answer format x.xx)
The density of an element with a lattice perimeter of 0.45 nm and an atomic weight of 96.4 g/mol is 7.05 g/cm^3.
Based on the position of atoms in a solid, they are divided into many categories like simple cubic, face-centered cubic(fcc), body-centered cubic(bcc), etc.
In face centered cubic type of solid, the atoms are present at the corners and face center, the effective number of atoms(Z) is 4.
The formula for the density of a solid is
Density = M x Z/ NA x a^3
Here M is the atomic weight of the metal= 96.4 g/mol
Z is the number of atoms = 4
NA is the Avogadro number = 6.022 x 10^23
a is the lattice perimeter = 0.45 nm
Putting the given values in the equation,
Density = 7.05 g/cm^3.
Hence, the density of an element with a lattice perimeter of 0.45 nm and an atomic weight of 96.4 g/mol is 7.05 g/cm^3.
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Which is true about about stable isotopes?
A stable nucleus has a similar number of protons and neutrons.
Isotopes are always unstable because they are radioactive.
Isotopes that are naturally occurring in nature are always unstable.
Isotopes with more neutrons than protons are always stable.
Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons, but differ in numbers of neutrons.
Which is true about about stable isotopes?Isotopes are elements of the same family that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes comprise of two or more than two types of atom that have the same atomic number but different mass number due to different number of neutrons in each element.
Isotopes are the members of elements which contains the same number of protons but they have different number of neutrons.
Isotope Of Hydrogen:
There are three isotopes of hydrogen i.e. protium 11H, deuterium 21H and tritium 31H. All these isotopes have one same number of proton which is 1 but different number of neutron.
The isotopes are different because of the different number of neutrons present in them.
So we can conclude that isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons, but differ in numbers of neutrons.
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Answer:
A stable nucleus has a similar number of protons and neutrons.
Explanation:
Does a reaction occur when aqueous solutions of potassium carbonate and nickel(ii) nitrate are combined?
Does a reaction occur when aqueous solutions of potassium carbonate and nickel(II) chloride are combined yes no If a reaction does occur.
What is potassium carbonate ?The inorganic substance K2CO3 is known as potassium carbonate. It is a soluble in water white salt. It is ethereal and frequently takes the form of a moist or damp solid. To make soap and glass, potassium carbonate is mostly employed.
The main component of potash, as well as the more refined pearl ash or tartar salts, is potassium carbonate. In the past, potash was baked to eliminate impurities and produced as pearl ash. It was the pearl ash that was left behind, a fine, white powder. Samuel Hopkins received the first patent ever granted by the United States Patent Office in 1790 for a better way to make potash and pearl ash.
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Indium has two naturally occurring isotopes: indium-113 and indium-115. The relative atomic mass of indium is 114.82. Calculate the natural abundance of each isotope.
Answer:
114.818 amu.x(112.9041) + (1 - x)
(114.9039) = 114.818Solving for xx=0.043 or 4.3%
Explanation:
The average atomic mass written in the periodic table is determined from the relative abundances of the element's isotopes. The equation would be:Average Atomic Mass = ∑(Relative Abundance×Mass)Let be the relative abundance of Indium-113. Because there are only 2 isotopes, their relative abundances should equal to 1, such that the relative abundance for Indium-15 is (1-x). The atomic mass of indium is 114.818 amu.x(112.9041) + (1 - x)(114.9039) = 114.818Solving for x,x = 0.043 or 4.3%
What factor affects the rate of a chemical reaction?
a) collision frequency
b) fraction of collisions with sufficient energy
c) orientation of molecules
d) all of these
Answer:
d. all of these
Explanation:
i had this same question so hope this helps
Which energy level has the highest amount of energy? A First B Second C Third D Fourth
The Energy levels that has the highest amount of energy is Fourth; option D
What are energy levels of electrons?
Energy levels or electron shells are fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom of an element where electrons are most probably to be found.
The energy levels are arranged in increasing energy levels from the nucleus of the atom.
The energy levels are given integer values of n, where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,..
This means that the lowest energy level is the first one closest to the nucleus also known as ground state.
Therefore, the energy level which has the highest amount of energy from the given options is the fourth energy level.
In conclusion, electrons in atoms are arranged in energy levels starting from the first energy level closest to the nucleus.
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which statement is true about alkali metals?
A. Some of them explode when exposed to water.
B. They aren't conductors of heat or electricity.
C. They're in group 18 of the periodic table.
D. They aren't very reactive
Answer:
answer is a . because they have enough heat is given off during exothermic reaction
Answer: answer is a . because they have enough heat is given off during exothermic reaction
Explanation:
At ph 7.0, converting an aspartic acid to beta-carboxyl aspartate, will have what effect on the overall charge of the protein containing it?
At ph 7.0, converting an aspartic acid to beta-carboxyl aspartate, will have Charge will remain same.
What is beta-carboxyl aspartate?An -amino acid used in the biosynthesis of proteins is aspartic acid (symbol Asp or D; the ionic form is called aspartate) (also known as aspartic acid or aspartate). It includes an amino group and a carboxylic acid, just like every other amino acid does. The protonated form of the -NH+ contains its -amino group.
While its '-carboxylic acid group is deprotonated to 'COO' under physiological conditions, it forms 3 in the absence of those conditions. Aspartic acid has an acidic side chain (CH2COOH) that interacts with other amino acids, enzymes, and proteins in the body. Under physiological conditions (pH 7.4), the side chain typically appears in proteins as the negatively charged aspartate form, or COO. Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it as needed. By the codons GAU, it is encoded.
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What is the product of the following reaction?
(a) cyclohexane
(b) cyclohexene
(c) cyclohexanol
(d) 1,2-cyclohexanediol
The correct option is cyclohexane.
What is cyclohexane used for?The majority of cyclohexane is used to make nylon intermediates, which are used to make thermoplastics and a variety of popular items including apparel, tents, and carpets. Additionally employed as a solvent in industrial and chemical processes, cyclohexane has recently replaced benzene in several applications.Remove the person from the exposure if they experience irritation and burns, as well as burns on their nose and throat that cause them to cough and wheeze. Eyes should be thoroughly rinsed with water for at least 15 minutes. If wearing contacts, take them out. Look for medical help.The main distinction between cyclohexane and benzene is that the former has six carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms bonded to each of its six carbon atoms, whereas the latter has six hydrogen atoms bonded to each of its six carbon atoms.
What is the product of the following reaction? Cyclohexane.
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A solution made from 35 ml of ethanol and 75 ml of water has what volume percentage of ethanol?
A solution made from 35 ml of ethanol and 75 ml of water has volume percentage of ethanol is 35%.
What is a solution?Solution, in chemistry, homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to what is called the limit of solubility. The term solution is commonly applied to liquid state of matter, but solutions of gases and solids are possible. Air, for example, is a solution consisting chiefly of oxygen and the nitrogen with trace amounts of several other gases, and brass is a solution composed of copper and zinc.
Life processes depend in the large part on solutions. Oxygen from lungs goes into solution in the blood plasma, unites chemically with the hemoglobin in the red blood cells, and is released to the body tissues. The products of digestion also are carried in solution to different parts of the body. The ability of liquids to dissolve the other fluids or solids has many practical applications. Chemists take advantage of the differences in solubility to separate and purify materials and to carry out chemical analysis. Most chemical reactions occur in the solution and are influenced by the solubilities of the reagents. Materials for chemical manufacturing equipment are selected to resist solvent action of their contents.
Percentage of ethanol = 35/100=35%
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3. If Lithium and oxygen were placed together - predict what most of it would form (choose one) and explain why the compound you chose would form: Li O (Lithium monoxide) Li2 O (Lithium Oxide) or Li2O2 *(Lithium peroxide)
The compound that would be formed if lithium and oxygen were placed together is Li₂O (lithium oxide), which is option B.
What is a chemical reaction?A chemical reaction is a process, typically involving the breaking or making of interatomic bonds, in which one or more substances are changed into others.
When a metal and nonmetal reacts, the charge of the metal becomes the subscript of the nonmetal and vice versa.
According to this question, lithium metal reacts with oxygen nonmetal. Lithium is an element with a charge of +1 while oxygen has a charge of -1.
This suggests that the compound that will be formed if lithium and oxygen were placed together is Li₂O (lithium oxide).
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an individual takes in 2,000 ml of water during the day. ideally they should lose ml of water during the day.
A person consumes 2,000 cc of water each day. They should generally lose 2,000 ml of water each day.
What is Water?The most of the Earth's hydrosphere is made up of water, which has the chemical formula H2O. Water is an inorganic, clear, flavorless, tasteless, and nearly colorless liquid that is also present in all known living things.The term "water" refers to the liquid state of H2O at standard pressure and temperature when the hydrogen atoms are connected to the oxygen atom at an angle of 104.45°.Even though it doesn't offer food, energy, or organic micronutrients, it is necessary for all currently understood forms of life. Its molecules have the chemical formula H2O and are formed up of two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds.There is water everywhere in the natural world. It creates aerosols that resemble fog as well as rain-like precipitation.To know more about water visit:
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What is the name given to the smallest group of atoms, ions, or molecules that form the building block of a mineral?.
The name given to the smallest group of atoms, ions, or molecules that form the building block of a mineral is called unit cell.
What is unit cell?
A unit cell is the smallest part of a crystal lattice that exhibits the three-dimensional structure of the entire crystal. The identical unit cell can be thought of as being duplicated in three dimensions in a crystal.
An atom is what?
Atoms, which are minuscule bits of matter, are what distinguish each chemical element from the others. A negatively charged core nucleus and one or more orbiting electrons make up an atom. There may be the positively charged, somewhat massive protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus.
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The image shows energy flowing from coal, to a coal-fired power plant, to a power
tower, and finally to a radio. Match the types of energy as they are converted from
one type to the other in each stage of the process. HELPP PLS
The types of energy are correctly matched below:
Thermal energy: Coal-fire power plant
Electrical energy: power plant
Sound energy: Radio
Chemical/potential energy:Coal
What is energy conversion?Energy conversion is also known as energy transformation whereby a type of energy changes to another form of energy.
There are various types of energy which includes:
Thermal energy: A typical example of thermal energy is the coal-fire power plant which generates heat energy upon its performance and usage.Electrical energy: A typical example of the electrical energy is the power plant which has the ability to generate electricity.Sound energy: A typical example of the sound energy is the radio device which has the ability to generate sounds.Chemical/potential energy: A typical example of chemical energy is the coal.Learn more about energy here:
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A+chemist+wants+to+mix+an+8%+salt+solution+with+a+20%+salt+solution+to+obtain+12+liters+of+an+18%+salt+solution.+how+much+of+the+20%+solution+should+she+use?
She will use 10 L of the 20% solution.
What is a mixture ?A mixture is a substance made up of two or more dissimilar chemical compounds that are not chemically linked in chemistry. When two or more substances are physically combined, their identities are maintained, and the mixture takes the shape of solutions, suspensions, or colloids.
Let
x = amount of 8% solution
y = amount of 20% solution
The chemist wants to end up with a 12-L mixture, so
x + y = 12
0.8x L of salt is present in an 8% solution, while 0.2y L is present in a 20% solution. When blended, the mixture should have an 18% salt concentration, or 18% of 12 L = 2.16 L of salt, so
0.08x + 0.2y = 2.16
Solve for y :
x = 12 - y
0.08 (12 - y) + 0.2y = 2.16
0.96 - 0.08y + 0.2y = 2.16
0.12y = 1.2
y = 10
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the second law of thermodynamics states that disorder in a system is always increasing. in simple terms, one can think about dropping nacl crystals into a glass of water. the solvation and diffusion of ions is favored by there is an increase in: group of answer choices
Then there is an increase in Entropy.
What is entropy?A state of disorder, unpredictability, or uncertainty are frequently related with the scientific concept of entropy, which is also a quantifiable physical characteristic. The notion and the phrase are employed in a variety of disciplines, including classical thermodynamics, where they were initially identified, statistical physics, which describes nature at the molecular level, and information theory. It has wide-ranging uses in physics and chemistry, biological systems and how they relate to life, cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, and information systems, particularly the transfer of information through telecommunication.
The amount of different configurations that the atoms in a system can take depends on its entropy. Entropy can be thought of as a gauge of uncertainty or unpredictability.
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How does the energy required to ionize a muonic hydrogen atom compare to that required to ionize a regular hydrogen atom?
The energy required to ionize a muonic hydrogen atom compare to that required to ionize a regular hydrogen atom:
What is muonic hydrogen atom?Muonic hydrogen is an exotic hydrogen atom, where a muon (instead of an electron) orbits proton. Because muon is 200 times heavier than the electron, the muon's orbit is 200 times closer to the proton in muonic hydrogen than that of the electron in regular hydrogen.
The extremely precise extraction of proton radius obtained by Pohl et al. from measured energy difference between the 2P and 2S states of muonic hydrogen disagrees significantly with that extracted from electronic hydrogen or elastic–proton scattering. This discrepancy is proton radius puzzle.
In muonic hydrogen electron is replaced by muon, μ which is 200 times heavier than electron
ΔE= En - Ei
for hydrogen like atom,
ΔE= 13.6(Z square /n square) - (-13.6Z square/1 square)
For, Z=1 and n=x (for ionization)
I.E.=13.6eV for electron
I.E.∝ mass (as binding energy proportional to mass)
I.E.=13.6eV*200
=2720eV
=2.720keV
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what includes the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, produced by business processes and systems?
Carbon emissions includes the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, produced by business processes and systems.
What does carbon emission mean?
Carbon dioxide emissions or CO2 emissions are emissions stemming by the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement; they contain carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels also as gas flaring.
How does carbon emission work?A drive to figure , a flip of a light-weight switch and a flight out of town all rely on the combustion of fossil fuels like oil, coal and gas. When fossil fuels burn, they emit greenhouse gases like CO2 that contribute to heating . Ninety-eight percent of atmospheric CO2 comes from the combustion of fossil fuels.
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