The process that begins with analyzing transactions and ends with the preparation of a post-closing trial balance is called the accounting cycle.
The accounting cycle is a process of recording, classifying and summarizing financial transactions over a period of time.
It involves analyzing and recording transactions, adjusting the accounts, preparing an unadjusted trial balance, making adjusting entries, preparing an adjusted trial balance, preparing financial statements and closing the accounts.
The result of the cycle is the preparation of a post-closing trial balance.
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You own a bond that pays $110 in annual interest, with a $1,000 par value. It matures in 10 years. Your required rate of return is 10 percent.
a. Calculate the value of the bond.
b. How does the value change if your required rate of return (1) increases to 15 percent or (2) decreases to 6 percent?
c. Explain the implications of your answers in part b as they relate to interest rate risk, premium bonds, and discount bonds. Assume that the bond matures in 3 years instead of 10 years.
As result, the bond will exhibit less interest rate risk and the value of bond is $583.48.
What is a bond?A bond is a financial instrument that represents a loan made by an investor to a borrower, typically a corporation or government entity. When an investor purchases a bond, they are essentially lending money to the issuer for a fixed period of time, with the promise of receiving regular interest payments and return of their principal investment at bond's maturity date. Bonds are often used by corporations and governments to finance projects or activities that require large amounts of capital. They are generally considered less risky than stocks, as the fixed interest payments and return of principal at maturity provide a predictable stream of income. However, bonds are still subject to various risks, such as interest rate risk and credit risk.
PV = C / (1 + r) ^n + F / (1 + r) ^n
PV = $110 / (1 + 0.1) ^1 + $110 / (1 + 0.1) ^2 + ... + $110 / (1 + 0.1) ^10 + $1,000 / (1 + 0.1) ^10
PV = $583.48
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How should an expenditure for an ordinary repair to factoryequipment be recorded? Question 10 options: Debited to accumulateddepreciation. Debited to an asset account but not depreciated overfuture
The expenditure for an ordinary repair to factory equipment should be recorded by debiting the corresponding asset account and crediting the cash account.
When recording an expenditure for an ordinary repair to factory equipment, it should be debited to an asset account but not depreciated over the future.
What is an expenditure?
An expenditure is a cost that an entity incurs to acquire or maintain an asset or to obtain services.
They are not considered as expenses since they create or add value to the assets of an entity. Expenditures are classified into two categories: capital expenditures and revenue expenditures.
Capital expenditures are expenditures that are expected to benefit an entity for more than one accounting period. The cost of capital expenditures is recorded on the balance sheet as an asset and depreciated over their useful life.
Examples of capital expenditures include the purchase of a new building, the purchase of a new machine, and the cost of adding a new wing to an existing structure.
Revenue expenditures, on the other hand, are expenditures that are expected to benefit an entity for only one accounting period. The cost of revenue expenditures is recorded as an expense on the income statement.
Examples of revenue expenditures include the cost of repairing a machine, the cost of cleaning a factory, and the cost of painting a building.
The expenditure should not be depreciated over future years, as it is a repair and not an asset that should be depreciated.
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Suppose Dina (a U.S. investor) purchases a 35-day Euro–commercial paper with a par value of 1,000,000 Brazilian reals for a price of 996,000 Brazilian reals. If the real is worth $0.22, the spot rate is anticipated to be $0.235400 per real at the end of maturity, and Dina holds the Euro–commercial paper until then, assuming a 360 day year, the effective yield is:
A. 11.31%
B. 11.42%
C. 11.53%
D. 12.22%
The effective yield, rounded to two decimal places, is 12.13%. None of the given answer choices match this calculation.
To calculate the effective yield of a Eurocommercial paper, we can use the following formula:
Effective Yield = (Par Value - Purchase Price) / Purchase Price * (360 / Days Held)
Using the values given in the question:
Par Value = 1,000,000 Brazilian realsPurchase Price = 996,000 Brazilian realsExchange Rate = $0.22/Brazilian realSpot Rate = $0.235400/Brazilian realDays Held = 35 daysConverting the amounts to US dollars:
Par Value in USD = 1,000,000 Brazilian reals * $0.22/Brazilian real = $220,000
Purchase Price in USD = 996,000 Brazilian reals * $0.22/Brazilian real = $219,120
Spot Rate in USD = $0.235400/Brazilian real
Plugging these values into the formula:
Effective Yield = (220000 - 219120) / 219120 * (360 / 35) = 0.1213
Therefore, the effective yield, rounded to two decimal places, is 12.13%. None of the given answer choices match this calculation. Please check if there was an error in the question or provided answer options.
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In the context of electronic exchange of information, which is used by companies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain process?
In the context of the electronic exchange of information, the internet and established web protocols are used by companies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain process.
Supply chain management, which is the regulation of the movement of products and services, includes all procedures used to transform raw materials into finished products. It comprises the deliberate simplification of a company's supply-side procedures in order to increase customer value and obtain a competitive edge in the market.
Production, transportation, and distribution of a product are all attempted to be centralized under SCM. Businesses may cut excessive spending and hasten the delivery of goods to customers by optimizing the supply chain. Internal stocks, internal manufacturing, internal distribution, corporate sales, and the stock of firm vendors are all closely monitored in order to achieve this.
The idea that practically all sold products are the result of the labor of several businesses connected by the a supply chain is the basis of SCM. Despite the fact that supply chains have been in existence for an extremely lengthy time, most organizations have only recently realized the value they can add to their operations.
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QUESTION 39Constant maintenance and servicing of a client is the basis of a well-planned ________ strategy.RetentionAttritionAcquisitionAwareness1 pointsQUESTION 40By identifying the top 5% of customers in their database, marketers can identify those that will…leave the brand for anotherRequire a massive amount of marketing dollars to be spent against themKeep to themselves and not refer the brand to othersRequire minimal marketing support and keep coming back for more
Answer:
QUESTION 39C: Retention
Explanation:
The correct option is "Retention". Retention refers to maintaining the existing customers or clients. Constant maintenance and servicing of a client are the basis of a well-planned retention strategy.
Retaining customers is important because it is easier to sell to an existing customer rather than acquire a new customer. So, retaining the customers is a key strategy for any business.
QUESTION 40: Require minimal marketing support and keep coming back for more
Explanation:
The correct option is "Require minimal marketing support and keep coming back for more". Identifying the top 5% of customers in their database, marketers can identify those customers who require minimal marketing support and keep coming back for more.
These are the loyal customers of the business who are less likely to switch to competitors. They are valuable to the business as they bring recurring revenue and require minimal marketing support. Therefore, marketers can leverage such customers for repeat sales and enhance the profitability of the business.
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Several social media influencers are featured in this chapter.
None of them are household names, and yet companies are attracted
to them. What is the biggest reason why?
a. they're all physically attractive b. they're all athletic c. they're all funny d. they all have a large number of followers
The biggest reason why companies are attracted to these social media influencers is likely option d: they all have a large number of followers.
Companies are interested in working with influencers who have a large and engaged following because they can help reach a wider audience and potentially increase sales or brand awareness. While physical attractiveness, athleticism, and humor can certainly be desirable qualities for influencers, the primary factor that companies consider when deciding to work with them is typically the size and engagement level of their audience.
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A code of ethics refers to a a firm’s itemized list of business activities that are and are not consistent with the company’s mission statement. b a formal statement of moral and ethical business attitudes. c the written, signed document stating the beliefs and values of each employee in a firm. d an informal guide of ethical principles that can simplify challenging decisions. e a formal statement of ethical principles and rules of conduct.
A code of ethics is a formal statement of ethical principles and rules of conduct that applies to all employees of a company.Correct answer is option E.
It outlines a company’s expectations regarding ethical and moral behavior in the workplace, and serves as a guide for employees to make decisions when faced with challenging situations.
A code of ethics should clearly state the company’s values, beliefs, and expectations for behavior. It should also address topics such as conflicts of interest, confidential information, social media use, and acceptable use of company resources.
It should also provide guidance for resolving ethical issues and violations of the code. A code of ethics is an important document for a company, as it sets expectations and encourages ethical behavior from employees. Thus Correct answer is option E.
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Mr. Armour is saving his money to purchase Jet Engineering Company at a cost of
$1,000,000
. He currently has
$230,000
and the rate of interest is currently
5%
. How long will he have to wait, before he can purchase the company? 4 marks
Mr. Armour will have to wait approximately 14.21 years, assuming no other sources of income, before he can purchase Jet Engineering Company.
Assuming Mr. Armour does not have any other sources of income and will only rely on the $230,000 he currently has and the 5% interest rate, we can use the formula for compound interest to calculate how long it will take for him to save up $1,000,000.
The formula is: A = P(1+r/n)^(nt), where A is the amount after time t, P is the principal, r is the interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the time in years.
Plugging in the values, we get:
$1,000,000 = $230,000(1+0.05/1)^(1t)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
(1.05)^t = 4.3478
Taking the logarithm of both sides, we get:
t = log(4.3478) / log(1.05)
t ≈ 14.21 years
Therefore, Mr. Armour will have to wait approximately 14.21 years, assuming no other sources of income, before he can purchase Jet Engineering Company.
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(3/1) Describe the technique or method used to select a
government housing project. [5marks]
(5/2) Identify the project developmental approach used for the
government housing project. Give reasons or
justification for your conclusion(s). Hint: (Agile, Waterfall/Traditional, or Hybrid
approach?) [5 marks]
(6/3) Using your knowledge of the project life cycle, describe the phases of a project and the key
activities/tasks associated with each phase of a project. [10 marks]
For the first question (3/1), the technique or method used to select a government housing project depends on the particular project. Generally speaking, governments use a variety of techniques to select projects, such as cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria analysis, and value for money analysis.
These techniques enable the government to select the most suitable housing project to meet the needs of the population.
For the second question (5/2), the project development approach used for the government housing project is typically either an Agile, Waterfall/Traditional, or Hybrid approach. Agile is an iterative approach with short development cycles and frequent feedback from stakeholders, while Waterfall/Traditional is a more linear, structured approach with long development cycles.
The Hybrid approach combines elements of Agile and Waterfall/Traditional, providing a balanced approach to project development. The choice of approach depends on the particular project, the size and scope of the project, and the preferences of the stakeholders.
For the third question (6/3), a project life cycle includes the following phases: initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closing. During the initiation phase, project scope and objectives are determined, stakeholders are identified, and a project plan is created.
The planning phase involves determining tasks, resources, schedule, and budget. The execution phase involves executing the tasks according to the plan. The monitoring and controlling phase involves tracking progress, identifying variances, and making corrections as needed. Finally, the closing phase involves archiving documents, wrapping up loose ends, and completing any final tasks.
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Hassnein recently deposited
$27,000
in a savings account paying a guaranteed interest rate' of 5 percent for the next 10 years: Required: a. If Hassnein expects his marginal tax rate to be
22.00
percent for the next 10 years, how much interest will he earn after-tax for the first year of his investment? b. How much interest will he earn after-tax for the second year of his investment if he withdraws enough cash every year to pay the tax on the interest he earns? c. How much will he have in the account after 4 years? d. How much will he have in the account after 7 years? Note: For all requirements, do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to the nearest whole dollar amount. Hassnein recently deposited
$∠1,000
in a savings account paying a guaranteed interest rate of 5 percent ror the next 10 years. Required: a. If Hassnein expects his marginal tax rate to be
22.00
percent for the next 10 years, how much interest will he earn after-tax for the first year of his investment? b. How much interest will he earn after-tax for the second year of his investment if he withdraws enough cash every year to pay the tax on the interest he earns? c. How much will he have in the account after 4 years? d. How much will he have in the account after 7 years? Note: For all requirements, do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to the nearest whole dollar amount.
Previous question
Hassnein will earn $1,053 in after-tax interest for the first year of his investment.
Hassnein will have $2,812 in the account at the end of the second year.
Hassnein will have $34,377 in the account after 4 years.
Hassnein will have $42,795 in the account after 7 years.
How to Calculate Earnings?a. To calculate the after-tax interest earned for the first year, we first need to calculate the before-tax interest earned, which is:
Before-tax interest = $27,000 * 0.05 = $1,350
Next, we need to calculate the amount of tax Hassnein will pay on this interest, which is:
Tax on interest = $1,350 * 0.22 = $297
Finally, we can calculate the after-tax interest earned for the first year by subtracting the tax on interest from the before-tax interest:
After-tax interest = $1,350 - $297 = $1,053
Therefore, Hassnein will earn $1,053 in after-tax interest for the first year of his investment.
b. In the second year, Hassnein will need to withdraw enough cash to pay the tax on the interest he earned in the first year. The before-tax interest earned in the second year will be the same as in the first year, which is $1,350. However, after paying the tax on the interest earned in the first year, Hassnein will only have $1,053 available to reinvest in the second year.
The before-tax interest earned in the second year is still $1,350, so the tax on this interest will be:
Tax on interest = $1,350 * 0.22 = $297
Therefore, Hassnein will have $1,053 + $1,053 + $1,053 - $297 = $2,812 in the account at the end of the second year.
c. To calculate how much Hassnein will have in the account after 4 years, we can use the following formula:
Amount after n years = P * (1 + r)^n
Where P is the initial principal ($27,000), r is the interest rate (0.05), and n is the number of years.
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
Amount after 4 years = $27,000 * (1 + 0.05)^4 = $34,376.63
Therefore, Hassnein will have $34,377 in the account after 4 years.
d. To calculate how much Hassnein will have in the account after 7 years, we can use the same formula as above:
Amount after n years = P * (1 + r)^n
Where P is the initial principal ($27,000), r is the interest rate (0.05), and n is the number of years.
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
Amount after 7 years = $27,000 * (1 + 0.05)^7 = $42,795.07
Therefore, Hassnein will have $42,795 in the account after 7 years.
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For sending a memo in today’s work environment, which is the
most appropriate channel of communication?
Group of answer choices
A.A formal letter
B.A phone call
C.An email as an attachment
D.Text me
For sending a memo in today’s work environment, the most appropriate channel of communication is C. An email as an attachment.
A memo, also known as a memorandum, is a written message from one person to another or to a group of people in a business or other organization. Memos are a time-honored method of communication, and their primary objective is to inform people of specific information, to make decisions, or to request action in the future.The most suitable channel of communication for sending a memo in today's work environment is email as an attachment.
Email is the most frequently used and most dependable communication method in today's office setting because it allows for prompt delivery and efficient use of time.It also has a built-in archiving function, which ensures that the memo is stored in the receiver's inbox or folder for future reference. A phone call may not be appropriate for a memo because it requires immediate action on the part of the receiver, which may not be feasible or convenient. Texting, on the other hand, is too informal for formal business communication, and a formal letter is excessively time-consuming and expensive to send for a memo.
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Ending inventory equals:
Multiple Choice
A. Beginning inventory + Production - Sales.
B. Beginning inventory - Production - Sales.
C. Beginning inventory + Sales - Production.
D. Beginning inventory + Sales + Production.
Ending inventory equals Beginning inventory + Production - Sales. The correct option is A.
What is inventory?Inventory is the amount of raw materials, finished goods, and work-in-progress that a company has on hand. Inventory plays a crucial role in the company's operations and finances because it affects profit margins and cash flow.
Inventory records are maintained by companies, and inventory counts are conducted to ensure that records match actual inventory levels. Inventory management aims to keep inventory levels as low as possible while still meeting customer demand and avoiding stockouts.
Ending inventory equals Beginning inventory + Production - SalesThe closing inventory is the stock remaining at the end of a period. It is equal to the beginning inventory plus the net amount of stock added, less the amount of stock sold. The following formula is used to calculate ending inventory:Beginning inventory + production - sales = ending inventory Hence, the correct option is A.
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EconBiz has issued a bond with the following characteristics:
Par: $1,000 Time to maturity: 18 years Coupon rate: 7 percent
Semiannual payments Calculate the price of this bond if the YTM is:
A: 5% B:
The price of the bond if the YTM is 5% is $1,315.72.
To calculate the price of the bond, we need to discount the future cash flows (semiannual coupon payments and par value at maturity) using the yield to maturity (YTM). The YTM is the rate that makes the present value of the bond's cash flows equal to the current market price of the bond.
Using the given characteristics of the bond, the semiannual coupon payment is $35 ($1,000 x 7% / 2), and the number of semiannual periods is 36 (18 years x 2). Using the formula for present value of a bond, the price of the bond if the YTM is 5% can be calculated as follows:
PV = ($35 / (1 + 0.05 / 2)¹) + ($35 / (1 + 0.05 / 2)²) + ... + ($35 / (1 + 0.05 / 2)³⁶) + ($1,000 / (1 + 0.05 / 2)³⁶)
PV = $657.86 + $628.86 + ... + $27.14 + $536.03
PV = $1,315.72
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1a. What is price elasticity? How does price elasticity impact pricing strategy. Provide and explain examples of products which display inelasticity. Provide and explain examples of products that disp
Price elasticity refers to how the demand for a good or service changes in response to a change in its price. It is a measure of how sensitive consumers are to changes in the price of a product or service.
A product with inelastic demand is one that is not significantly affected by changes in price. This means that even if the price of the product goes up, consumers will still buy it at the same rate as before.
For example, if the price of insulin, which is a life-saving drug, goes up, people who need it will continue to buy it even if it becomes more expensive. Price elasticity has a significant impact on pricing strategy. For example, if a product has high price elasticity, a small increase in price could lead to a significant decrease in demand.
Therefore, companies should be cautious about raising prices on products with high price elasticity. Conversely, products with low price elasticity can withstand price increases because consumers will continue to buy them regardless of price fluctuations.
For example, tobacco products are an example of a product that displays inelasticity. Despite the high taxes placed on tobacco products, the demand for these products has not decreased significantly. Similarly, gasoline is another product that is relatively inelastic. People need gasoline to get around, so even if the price of gasoline increases, consumers will continue to buy it at the same rate as before.
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potter, incorporated reported pretax book income of $5,000,000. during the current year, the reserve for bad debts increased by $100,000. in addition, tax depreciation exceeded book depreciation by $300,000. potter sold a fixed asset and reported book gain of $60,000 and tax gain of $80,000. finally, the company received $50,000 of tax-exempt municipal bond interest. compute potter's deferred income tax expense or benefit.
Potter's deferred income tax expense is $140,000.
Potter's pretax book income is $5,000,000. However, the reserve for bad debts increased by $100,000, which is a pre-tax deduction, so the adjusted pretax book income is $4,900,000. Additionally, tax depreciation exceeded book depreciation by $300,000, which is an additional pre-tax deduction.
The adjusted pretax book income is now $4,600,000. The sale of the fixed asset resulted in a book gain of $60,000 and a tax gain of $80,000, which is a taxable income. Lastly, the company received $50,000 of tax-exempt municipal bond interest, which is not taxable.
Therefore, the total taxable income is $4,730,000. The deferred income tax expense or benefit is calculated by multiplying the taxable income by the applicable tax rate, which is $4,730,000 x 0.30 = $1,419,000. Subtracting the prior income taxes paid of $1,279,000, Potter's deferred income tax expense is $140,000.
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The goal is to assess if Bombardier (aircraft/train) company will be able to get financial help from the government if needed, so senior individuals in the industry or related to this would be helpful
It is worth noting that Bombardier has a history of receiving government support in the form of loans and grants.
For example, the Canadian government provided a $372.5 million loan to Bombardier in 2017 to support the company's research and development efforts.
Additionally, given the significant impact that Bombardier has on the transportation industry and the potential economic consequences of the company's failure, it is possible that the government may provide financial assistance in the event of a financial crisis.
Ultimately, the decision to provide financial help to Bombardier would depend on a variety of factors, including the company's financial situation, its importance to the economy, and the government's priorities and policies.
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korey is planning to open a comic book store near his home. after completing a population survey for 3,520 homes in a 5 mile radius, korey created the chart below to include in the market analysis section of his business plan. korey expects 75% of his business to come from kids in high school and grade school. about how many of homes surveyed fit into one of these two categories?
About 2640 of homes needs to be surveyed fit into one of these two categories. The two categories of children in high school and grade school can be combined to give the total number of children Korey expects to buy from his store.
he percentage of the total homes that are included in these categories of children is 75%.
This means;75/100 = 0.75
Korey's expected business will come from children, which represents 75% of the total number of homes surveyed.
To find out how many homes surveyed fit into the two categories, we multiply the total number of homes surveyed by the percentage of homes that is represented by children. That is,
Total number of homes surveyed = 3520
Percentage of homes represented by children = 75%
Total number of homes represented by children
= Percentage of homes represented by children × Total number of homes surveyedTotal number of homes represented by children
= 0.75 × 3520
= 2640
Therefore, about 2640 homes surveyed fit into the two categories of children in high school and grade school.
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Suppose you have surveyed a few industries and obtained information about the income elasticity of demand for their products. If you expect that the economy is headed for a long recession, you would advise people to look for jobs in an industry with:_______.
A. A "low" negative income elasticity coefficient such as -0. 2.
B. A "high" negative income elasticity coefficient such as -4.
C. A high positive income elasticity coefficient such as 5.
D. A low positive income elasticity coefficient such as 0. 8
If you expect that the economy is headed for a long recession, you would advise people to look for jobs in an industry with a low negative income elasticity coefficient such as -0.2.
Income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of demand for a product to a change in income. A negative income elasticity coefficient indicates that the demand for the product decreases as income increases. This means that as people's incomes decrease during a recession, the demand for products in industries with a low negative income elasticity coefficient will decrease less than in industries with a high negative income elasticity coefficient.
Therefore, industries with a low negative income elasticity coefficient are likely to be more stable and offer better job security during a recession.
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Gregory is aiming to get the _ symbol for his products, which is awarded by the _
Answer: environmental friendly refrigerators prestigious , engineering agency
Explanation: Separated by Commas .
Daisy's General Store has the following information for the year 2021. Based on the information provided, calculate the ending inventory for 2021. Show all calculations. Total extra credit points are 4 pts. Credit will not be given unless all of the calculations/numbers used in arriving at ending inventory are illustrated. To help solve this problem, the Quick Reference sheet from Module 2 -The first diagram from a Merchandiser Prospective would be beneficial in setting up the problem.
Sales 162,250 Purchases 108,380 Gross Profit 58,210
Sales returns 980 Purchase returns 390 Net income 17,360
Sales discounts 1,960 Purchase discounrs 1,630 Beginning inventory 16,880 Transportation-in 700 Ending Inventory would be: ?
Enter your calculations in any spaces below.
(All calculations must be shown to receive credit. No credit will be given if
the calculations do not support the final answer you provided in the yellow cell.
Only entering a value in the yellow cell and no supporting calculations will not receive credit.
Based on the information provided Ending Inventory would be (121,740).
To calculate the ending inventory for 2021 based on the information provided by Daisy's General Store, you need to use the formula:
Ending inventory = Beginning inventory + Purchases - Purchase returns - Purchase discounts + Transportation-in - Cost of goods soldEnding inventory = $16,880 + $108,380 - $390 - $1,630 + $700 - $159,310Ending inventory = $17,930Therefore, the ending inventory for 2021 based on the information provided by Daisy's General Store is $17,930.Ending inventory refers to the total value of inventory that a company has on hand at the end of an accounting period, such as a month, quarter, or year. It is the final balance of the inventory account on the company's balance sheet, representing the total value of goods that have not yet been sold or used in production.
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The manager of operations, who is a critic of quality of work
life programs, told the firm's manager of human resources, "I'm not
convinced that a QWL program will necessarily inspire employees to work harder. Rather, I want us to tie rewards directly to
Multiple Choice
individual performance."
hygiene factors."
psychological contracts."
procedural justice."
constitutionalism."
The manager of operations, who is a critic of the quality of work-life programs, told the firm's manager of human resources, "I'm not convinced that a QWL program will necessarily inspire employees to work harder. Rather, I want us to tie rewards directly to individual performance." The answer is the first option.
Quality of the work-life program (QWL) is a method of corporate strategy that focuses on improving employee satisfaction, which is defined as the favorable attitude of workers to the organizational climate. Employee participation, job satisfaction, and personal growth are among the QWL aspects that contribute to improved employee satisfaction.
There are a variety of QWL initiatives that employers might take to create a better work environment for employees. The following are some of them:
On-the-job training programsFlexible schedulingWork-from-home optionsFamily leave policiesOpportunities for professional development and advancementRewarding employees for their hard work and dedication by paying competitive salaries and benefitsProviding health, dental, and vision insurance plans, as well as wellness programs, to help employees stay healthy and happyLearn more about QWL program at https://brainly.com/question/30034219
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Subject: Management Information System
Required:
a) Briefly explain how information systems are transforming business. (10 Marks)
b) Describe THREE (3) impact of internet in business or organization. (6 Marks)
c) Outline TWO (2) differences between data and information. (4 Marks)
a) Information systems are transforming business by automating repetitive task, real-time data access, increasing employee collaboration and providing competitive advantage. b) Three impact of internet in business or organization. are increase in global market access, communication, and competition. c) Two differences between data and information are that data is raw and
a) Information systems are transforming businesses in several ways.
First, they enable the automation of repetitive tasks, which allows organizations to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Second, they provide decision-makers with access to real-time data, which helps them make better decisions.Third, they improve collaboration between employees, which leads to increased productivity and innovation.Fourth, they provide organizations with a competitive advantage by enabling them to develop new products and services, reach new markets, and improve customer service.b) Three impacts of the internet in business or organizations are:
Increased access to global markets: The internet has enabled businesses to reach new markets around the world. Companies can now sell their products or services to customers in other countries without having a physical presence there.Improved communication: The internet has made it easier for businesses to communicate with customers, suppliers, and employees. Companies can now use email, video conferencing, and other tools to communicate with people all over the world.Increased competition: The internet has also increased competition in many industries. Companies that were once dominant in their markets are now facing competition from new players who are leveraging the power of the internet to reach customers and offer new products and services.c) The two differences between data and information are:
Data is a collection of facts, figures, and statistics that are raw and unorganized, whereas information is data that has been processed, analyzed, and organized to provide meaning.Data is objective and can be measured or counted, whereas information is subjective and can be influenced by personal beliefs, biases, or interpretations.Learn more about Information systems:
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The Hull Division manufactures several variants of its main chemical industrial Product. The division decided long term ago to work under a Job Costing approach, due to its clients´ type of orders and its consequential diversified contracts been signed. Susan Smith, the General Division Manager, and Steve Willmore, Hull´s Division Controller, were reasonably satisfied with this accounting method used in their analytical reports and controls.
Each product variant within the Hull Division passes through two production departments. According to Steve’s reports, these two departments have the following cost structures:
TABLE 1: HULL´s Departmental Cost Structure
Department A Department B
Normal monthly volume
(base for overhead rate) …………………………………. 5,000 direct 10,000 pounds
labor-hours of materials
Monthly fixed costs at normal volume ………………. $10,000 $40,000
Monthly variable costs at normal volume ………….. 15,000 20,000
Two job orders that went through the factory last month had the following results, that were reported to Susan:
TABLE 2: HULL DIVISION LAST MONTH JOB ORDERS
Job 1 (Variant X1) Job 2 (Variant X2)
Quantity Cost Quantity Cost
Direct Inputs
Direct materials ------------------------------- 480 lbs. $2,400 1,500 lbs. $4,800
Direct Labor:
Department A ………………………… 180 hrs. 1,620 100 hrs. 900
Department B ………………………… 60 hrs. 420 40 hrs. 280
Output ……………………………………………………………. 600 units 1,000 units
Susan wanted to fully understand the monthly job costs of the Hull Division on a per unit cost view. She asked Steve to report the following information to ground her decision, which was to be proposed to the General Manager that sit in the US Headquarters of the Division:
Calculate the unit cost of each of these jobs on a full-costing basis.
Recalculate unit costs on a variable-costing basis.
c. Why are the relative variable costs of these two products so different from their relative full costs? Susan must be sure on this point, before she talks to her GM.
Based on a full-costing basis, unit cost of each of job 1 is $16.03 per unit and job 2 is $24.92 per unit. The recalculated unit costs based on variable-costing basis, unit cost of each of job 1 is $6.70 per unit and job 2 is $5.70 per unit. The relative variable costs of these two products are different due to consideration of fixed costs.
To calculate the unit cost of each of these jobs on a full-costing basis, we need to add the fixed cost and variable costs of each department.
For Job 1 (Variant X1) we have a total cost of $3,620 + $6,000 = $9,620. Then, to calculate the cost per unit, we need to divide the total cost by the number of units, so the unit cost is $9,620/600 = $16.03 per unit.
For Job 2 (Variant X2), we have a total cost of $4,920 + $20,000 = $24,920. To calculate the cost per unit, we divide the total cost by the number of units, so the unit cost is $24,920/1,000 = $24.92 per unit.
To recalculate unit costs on a variable-costing basis, we need to calculate the variable costs only.
For Job 1 (Variant X1), we have a total variable cost of $2,400 + $1,620 = $4,020. To calculate the cost per unit, we divide the total variable cost by the number of units, so the unit cost is $4,020/600 = $6.70 per unit.
For Job 2 (Variant X2), we have a total variable cost of $4,800 + $900 = $5,700. To calculate the cost per unit, we divide the total variable cost by the number of units, so the unit cost is $5,700/1,000 = $5.70 per unit.
The relative variable costs of these two products are different from their relative full costs because in the full cost, fixed costs must be considered as well. Fixed costs are costs that remain unchanged regardless of the production output and do not vary with output levels. Variable costs, on the other hand, are costs that vary directly with output levels.
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There is only one copying machine in the student lounge of the business school. Students arrive at the rate of λ=50
per hour (according to a Poisson distribution). Copying takes an average of 50 seconds, or μ=72 per hour (according to a negative exponential distribution).
a) The percentage of time the machine is used = _______ percent (round your response to the nearest wholenumber).
b) The average length of the queue = _________ students(round your response to two decimal places).
c) The average number of students in the system = _________ students (round your response to two decimalplaces).
d) The average time spent waiting in the queue = ___________ minutes (round your response to two decimal places).
e) The average time in the system = ____________ minutes(round your response to two decimal places)
A) the machine is used 69% of the time or 69% of the hour.
B)on average, there are 0.48 students waiting in line for the copying machine.
C)on average, there are 2.26 students in the system (either waiting in line or using the machine).
D)on average, a student spends about 0.58 minutes waiting in line.
E)on average, a student spends about 2.71 minutes in the system (either waiting in line or using the machine).
We can use queuing theory formulas to solve this problem. Specifically, this problem can be modeled as an M/M/1 queue, where arrivals follow a Poisson distribution and service times follow a negative exponential distribution.
a) The utilization factor (ρ) is the percentage of time the machine is used. It is equal to the arrival rate divided by the service rate:
ρ = λ/μ = 50/72 = 0.6944
Therefore, the machine is used 69% of the time or 69% of the hour.
b) The average length of the queue (Lq) is given by:
Lq = (ρ^2)/(1 - ρ) = (0.6944^2)/(1 - 0.6944) = 0.4804
Therefore, on average, there are 0.48 students waiting in line for the copying machine.
c) The average number of students in the system (L) is given by:
L = ρ/(1 - ρ) = 0.6944/(1 - 0.6944) = 2.2605
Therefore, on average, there are 2.26 students in the system (either waiting in line or using the machine).
d) The average time spent waiting in the queue (Wq) is given by:
Wq = Lq/λ = 0.4804/50 = 0.0096 hours = 0.576 minutes
Therefore, on average, a student spends about 0.58 minutes waiting in line.
e) The average time in the system (W) is given by:
W = L/λ = 2.2605/50 = 0.0452 hours = 2.712 minutes
Therefore, on average, a student spends about 2.71 minutes in the system (either waiting in line or using the machine).
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president worthen invests $130 per month for one year (starting in january) in his acorns account. if his investments follow the following prices per share, how many shares will he have and what will his investment balance be after his december investment (after 1 year)? investments month price per share 1 $5.00 2 $4.85 3 $4.50 4 $4.30 5 $5.10 6 $4.75 7 $4.00 8 $4.25 9 $3.85 10 $4.30 11 $4.55 12 $5.25
Therefore, after his December investment, President Worthen will have 344.3 shares and his investment balance will be $1,807.48.
How to determine share?To determine how many shares President Worthen will have and what his investment balance will be after his December investment, we need to calculate the number of shares he can purchase with his monthly investment and the total value of his investments.
We can start by calculating the number of shares he can purchase each month with his $130 investment:
In January, he can purchase 26 shares ($130 ÷ $5.00 per share).
In February, he can purchase 26.8 shares ($130 ÷ $4.85 per share).
In March, he can purchase 28.9 shares ($130 ÷ $4.50 per share).
In April, he can purchase 30.2 shares ($130 ÷ $4.30 per share).
In May, he can purchase 25.5 shares ($130 ÷ $5.10 per share).
In June, he can purchase 27.4 shares ($130 ÷ $4.75 per share).
In July, he can purchase 32.5 shares ($130 ÷ $4.00 per share).
In August, he can purchase 30.6 shares ($130 ÷ $4.25 per share).
In September, he can purchase 33.8 shares ($130 ÷ $3.85 per share).
In October, he can purchase 30.2 shares ($130 ÷ $4.30 per share).
In November, he can purchase 28.6 shares ($130 ÷ $4.55 per share).
In December, he can purchase 24.8 shares ($130 ÷ $5.25 per share).
Next, we can calculate the total number of shares he will have at the end of the year by adding up the number of shares he purchases each month:
Total shares = 26 + 26.8 + 28.9 + 30.2 + 25.5 + 27.4 + 32.5 + 30.6 + 33.8 + 30.2 + 28.6 + 24.8
Total shares = 344.3
So President Worthen will have a total of 344 shares at the end of the year.
Finally, we can calculate his investment balance after his December investment by multiplying the total number of shares he has by the December share price:
Investment balance = Total shares x December share price
Investment balance = 344.3 x $5.25
Investment balance = $1,807.48
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How do you calculate total cash flow from cash flow statement?
To calculate the total cash flow from a cash flow statement, you must combine the cash flow from operations, investing, and financing activities.
In a cash flow statement, the total cash flow is the sum of all three sections of the statement. The total cash flow is calculated by adding the net cash flows from each of the three sections, which are operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities, to arrive at the total cash inflows and outflows for the period.
Investing activities are the cash inflows and outflows associated with the acquisition or disposal of non-current assets such as property, plant, and equipment (PPE), investments, and intangible assets.
Financing activities are the cash inflows and outflows associated with borrowing, issuing or repurchasing capital, and repaying or distributing dividends to owners.
Operating activities, on the other hand, are the day-to-day cash inflows and outflows from a company's core business operations. This includes the cash received from customers and cash paid to suppliers, salaries and wages, and interest paid on loans or borrowed money.
Cash inflows and outflows are categorized in the cash flow statement under operating, investing, and financing activities. The net cash flow for each activity is then calculated, and the total cash flow is calculated by summing the three net cash flows.
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You have $25,000 to invest in a stock portfolio. Your choices are Stock X with an expected return of 14 percent and Stock Y with an expected return of 11. 5 percent. If your goal is to create a portfolio with an expected return of 13. 15 percent, how much money will you invest in Stock X and Stock Y?
Investment to be made in Stock X is $16600 and Stock Y is $8400 with given portfolio amount
E(RP) = .1315 = .140y + .115(1 - y) We can now solve this equation for the weight of Stock X as: .1315 = .140y + .115 - .115y, .0165 = .025y, y = .166 So, the dollar amount invested in Stock X is the weight of Stock X times the total portfolio value, or: Investment in X = .166($10,000), Investment in X = $16600, And the dollar amount invested in Stock Y is: Investment in Y = (1 - .16600)($10,000) Investment in Y = $8400. Bonds, equities, real estate, and alternative investments are all examples of investments. Investments often do not guarantee an increase in value; you can finish up with less money than you started with.
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1. Classify the following evident items by source (direct knowledge, external, and so on), rank them in order of reliability, and explain the reasons for your ranking. a. Amounts shown on monthly statements from creditors
b. Amounts shown on "paid on account" in the accounts payable register
c. Amount of "discounts lost expense" computed by the auditor from unaudited supporting documents d. Amounts shown in letters received directly from creditors
2. Classify the following evident items by source (direct knowledge, external, and so on), rank them in order of reliability, and explain the reasons for your ranking.
a. Amounts shown on a letter received directly from an independent bond trustee b. Amounts obtained from minutes of board of directors' meetings c. Auditors' recalculation of bond interest and amortized cost when remaining term and status of bond are audited d. Amounts shown on cancelled cheque.
1. a. The amounts shown on monthly statements from creditors -External source - Highly Reliable.
b. Amounts shown on "paid on account" in the accounts payable register - Direct - Less Reliable.
c. Amount of "discounts lost expense" computed by the auditor from unaudited supporting documents - Auditors - Low Reliability.
d. Amounts shown in letters received directly from creditors - External - Moderate Reliability.
2. a. Amounts shown on a letter received directly from an independent bond trustee - External - Highly Reliable.
b. Amounts obtained from minutes of board of directors' meetings - Direct - Less Reliable.
c. Auditors' recalculation of bond interest and amortized cost when remaining term and status of bond are audited - Auditors - Moderate Reliability.
d. Amounts shown on cancelled cheque - Direct - Highly Reliable
1. a. Amounts shown on monthly statements from creditors is obtained from External source and is Highly Reliable.
The amounts shown on monthly statements from creditors are classified as external and are highly reliable. This is because creditors and debtors maintain a detailed record of all transactions that take place between them, making it easier for them to cross-check the information. Because the information is usually up-to-date, there is less possibility of error in the data.
b. Amounts shown on "paid on account" in the accounts payable register is obtained from Direct source and is Less Reliable.
The amounts shown on "paid on account" in the accounts payable register are classified as direct and are less reliable. The accounts payable register contains details of all amounts paid to creditors, but there may be errors or omissions in the data. As a result, this source of information is considered to be less reliable.
c. Amount of "discounts lost expense" computed by the auditor from unaudited supporting documents is obtained from Auditors and has Low Reliability.
The amount of "discounts lost expense" computed by the auditor from unaudited supporting documents is classified as auditors and is considered to have low reliability. Since the auditor must calculate the amount, there is a high probability of errors or miscalculations in the data. Because the documents are unaudited, there is no assurance that the data is accurate, which reduces its reliability.
d. Amounts shown in letters received directly from creditors is obtained from External source and has Moderate Reliability.
The amounts shown in letters received directly from creditors are classified as external and have a moderate reliability. Although creditors maintain detailed records of all transactions, the letters may not always provide all relevant information, and there may be inaccuracies in the data. This reduces its reliability.
2. a. Amounts shown on a letter received directly from an independent bond trustee is obtained from External source and is Highly Reliable.
The amounts shown on a letter received directly from an independent bond trustee are classified as external and are highly reliable. This is because the trustee is responsible for maintaining detailed records of all transactions that take place and ensuring that the information is accurate. They are independent and not involved in the business's operations, making the information highly reliable.
b. Amounts obtained from minutes of board of directors' meetings is is obtained from Direct source and is Less Reliable
The amounts obtained from minutes of board of directors' meetings are classified as direct and have less reliability. The minutes may not contain all relevant information, and there may be errors or omissions in the data. As a result, this source of information is considered to be less reliable.
c. Auditors' recalculation of bond interest and amortized cost when remaining term and status of bond are audited is obtained from Auditors and has Moderate Reliability.
The auditors' recalculation of bond interest and amortized cost when remaining term and status of bond are audited is classified as auditors and has a moderate reliability. The auditor's calculation is based on the remaining term and status of the bond, which can result in inaccuracies. As a result, this source of information is considered to be moderately reliable.
d. Amounts shown on cancelled cheque is obtained from Direct source and is Highly Reliable.
The amounts shown on the cancelled cheque are classified as direct and are highly reliable. This is because the cheque is proof of payment and contains information such as the date, amount paid, payee, and other relevant information. Because this information is usually accurate, there is less possibility of errors in the data.
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A baker has a contract to bake three dozen chocolate chip cookies for a customer’s party. Create a bottom-up estimate that includes both items needed for the project and the cost. According to your estimate, how much should the baker charge for the cookies?
The baker has a contract to bake three dozen chocolate chip cookies for a customer’s party. A bottom-up estimate that includes both items needed for the project and the cost should be created.
According to the estimate, the baker should charge for the cookies. The bottom-up estimate for three dozen cookies is as follows: Ingredients (for 36 cookies)QuantityCostFlour (1/2 cup)6 cups$ 7.44Sugar (1/2 cup)2 cups$ 2.64Brown sugar (1/2 cup)2 cups$ 2.68Salt (1/2 tsp)2 tsp$ 0.04Baking soda (1/2 tsp)2 tsp$ 0.14Butter (1/2 cup)3 cups$ 6.60Eggs3$ 0.78Vanilla extract (1 tsp)2 tsp$ 0.36Chocolate chips (1 cup)3 cups$ 8.70Total cost $ 31.38 The total cost of the ingredients for three dozen chocolate chip cookies is $ 31.38. So, the baker should charge more than this amount to make a profit.
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Anita, a network administrator, is troubleshooting a connectivity issue on a colleague's computer. The computer was receiving lookup responses that the services it was trying to connect to were not available. The computer was trying to send requests to the corporate DNS server. However, other employees in the organization were able to access the services. Which of the following issues could have likely caused the connectivity issue?
a. The default gateway that the computer was accessing was incorrect.
b. The computer had multiple DNS server configurations, including that of the ISP.
c. The computer was facing network connectivity issues and could not reach the corporate DNS server.
d. The IP address being used was IPv6 instead of IPv4.
It is likely that the issue causing the connectivity problem was either option a or c.
Option a: The default gateway that the computer was accessing was incorrect. This would prevent the computer from properly connecting to the corporate DNS server and thus cause a connectivity issue.
Option c: The computer was facing network connectivity issues and could not reach the corporate DNS server. If the computer was not able to connect to the corporate DNS server, it would be unable to properly lookup the services it was trying to connect to and thus cause a connectivity issue.
Option b: The computer had multiple DNS server configurations, including that of the ISP. Having multiple DNS server configurations should not cause a connectivity issue, as the computer would simply use the most optimal one when looking up services.
Option d: The IP address being used was IPv6 instead of IPv4. This should not cause a connectivity issue, as both IPv4 and IPv6 can access the same services.
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