The magnitude of the magnetic field inside the toroid varies as a function of :
[tex]B=\mu _0 nI[/tex]
where, B = magnetic field
n is the number of turns,
I is the current induced
What is a toroid?
A toroid is a coil of insulated or enameled wire wound on a donut-shaped form made of powdered iron. It is used as an inductor in electronic circuits for low frequencies when large inductances are necessary.Toroidal coils carry more current than solenoidal coils of similar size, because of the larger-diameter wires can be used, and the total amount of wire is less, thus reducing the resistance .In a toroid, all the magnetic flux is contained in the core material.To learn more about Toroid, refer to:
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Assume you have a solution with a ph = 5.0; what would be the new ph of that system if the h3o concentration is doubled (assuming kw = 1x10-14)?
The amount of acidity or basicity in an aqueous solution is determined by its pH. The concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution can be used to calculate and determine the pH of an aqueous solution.
An aqueous solution's pH is determined using the pH scale, which commonly refers to water and ranges from 0 to 14. (although as discussed below this is not an a formal rule). The pH scale classifies 7 as neutral. A pH value lower than 7 is regarded as acidic. The term "basic" then refers to a pH value greater than 7. High hydronium concentrations and low hydroxide concentrations are characteristics of acidic solutions. High hydroxide concentrations and low hydronium concentrations characterize basic solutions.
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Two forces p and Q acting perpendicular to each other have a resultant of 50N. Given that the sum of p and Q is 70N calculate the value of the forces p and Q
According to the given statement,
The sum of p and Q is 70N , the value of the forces p and Q is
25N
What is magnitude?"Distance or quantity" is how magnitude is simply defined. It shows how an object moves when it is in motion, whether that movement is absolute, relative, or of a certain size. It serves as a way to describe something's size or scope. Magnitude is a general term used in physics to describe size or distance.
In order to compare the speeds of a car and a bicycle, the magnitude can be used as an explanation. Additionally, it can be used to describe the length a particular object has travelled or the magnitude of an object's amount.
According to the given value,
The magnitude of Q= the horizontal component of the resultant force.
θ= 90°-30°= 60°
|Q|= 50cos 60°= 25N.
Hence, the sum of p and Q is 70N , the value of the forces p and Q is 25N.
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What is the distance traveled, in meters, by the particle between times t0 = 1.0 s and t1 = 3.0 s?
The displacement, in meters of the particle between times to = 1.0 s and t1 = 3.0 s is Ax= -1.58 and not Ar= - 1.58
In physics, how do you calculate distance travelled?The route taken by a body to travel from a starting point to an ending location in a predetermined amount of time and at a predetermined speed is known as the distance travelled.
If the speed is constant, then Distance (d) = v*t (velocity multiplied by time).
How do you calculate a particle’s journey distance?Take the integral of the absolute value of the velocity function to get the distance travelled by a particle given its velocity function.
In other words, the area under the velocity function’s curve’s absolute value equals the distance a particle travels.
Speed divided by time equals distance. Time is calculated as distance multiplied by speed.
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a well-insulated rigid tank contains 3 kg of a saturated liquid–vapor mixture of water at 200 kpa. initially, threequarters of the mass is in the liquid phase. an electric resistance heater placed in the tank is now turned on and kept on until all the liquid in the tank is vaporized.
The correct answer is ΔS=11.16kJ/K.
m=3kg
p_1=200kPa
m_f1=3/4m=2.25kg
x_2=1
ΔS=?
x_1=m_g/m=(m-_f1)/m=(3-2.25)/3=0.25
p_1=200kPa
v_f1=0.001061m^3/k g
v_g1=0.88578m^3/k g
s_f1=1.5302k J/k gK
s_fg1=5.5968 k J/kgK
With these data, we may solve for particular entropy in state 1 using the following equation:
s_1=s_f1+x_1g=1.5302+(0.25)(5.5968)
=2.9294 kJ/kgK
Entropy will be obtained in stage 2, but in order to do so, we must first compute a particular volume in state 1 that is identical to the one in state 2, as this is a constant volume process.
The formula for a particular volume is:
v_1=v_f1+x_1v_fg=0.001061+0.25(0.88578-0.001061)=0.22m^3/kg=v_2
Now, we may get particular entropy in state 2 using the Molier diagram for water.
p_2=1/v_2=1/0.22=4.55 kg/m^3
x_2=1⇒s_2=6.65kJ/kgK
Final entropy change is:
ΔS=m(s_2-s_1)
=3(6.65-2.9294)
ΔS=11.16kJ/K
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grandfather clocks are decorative clocks with a pendulum measuring out the passing of a second. how long of a pendulum is needed to have a period of 1 second?
The length of a pendulum needed to have a period of 1 second is 0.24 meters or 24 centimeters.
A pendulum represents Simple Harmonic Motion,
The formula for the time period of a pendulum is
T = 2π √l/√g
Where l is the length of the pendulum and g is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth.
We are given that a pendulum has a period of 1 second
So,
1= 2π √l/√g
Squaring both sides
1 = 4π^2√ l/√g
l = g/ 4 π^2
l = 0.24 m
Hence, the length of a pendulum needed to have a period of 1 second is 0.24 meters or 24 centimeters.
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if we break the acceleration of this missile into two components, in the vertical and horizontal direction, what statement correctly characterizes the source of the acceleration?
Both horizontal and vertical acceleration is produced by the jet engines. While it does contribute to vertical acceleration, gravity has no effect on horizontal acceleration.
there's a particular value or velocity for the horizontal component. with out accounting for air resistance, the horizontal factor is regular for the duration of the flight.
Horizontal velocity affects the variety however not the period of an airborne object. Gravity reasons a downward vertical acceleration that has a price of 9.8 m/s/s.
This vertical acceleration reasons a downward projectile's vertical velocity to vary by 9.8 m/s in keeping with 2nd. The movement of a projectile's horizontal axis is unrelated to its vertical axis.
A projectile's trajectory is determined by using pace in two dimensions. The x and y components of the projectile, respectively, describe its horizontal and vertical pace. Meters are the devices used to signify each horizontal and vertical distances (m).
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If two isosceles triangles have non-base angles of 40, are they similar? justify your answer.
True, they are comparable. You would need to multiply the base angles on MNP by two to get 80. 100 will be the final angle. Although size is not mentioned, it is the only way that isosceles triangles might be comparable but incongruent.
What are isosceles triangles?An isosceles triangle in geometry is one with at least two equal-length sides. It can be defined as having an equilateral triangle as an exception, or as having exactly two sides of equal length or at least two sides of equal length.
An isosceles triangle must have two sides that are the same length to be considered an isosceles triangle. The base of the triangle is the uneven side, and these two sides are referred to as its legs. Additionally, according to the isosceles triangle theorem, the angles that face each of the equal sides must also be equal.
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the linear momentum of a bullet-gun system is zero before the gun fires. afterwards: i. the kinetic energy is zero ii. the momentum is zero group of answer choices i & ii i ii neither i nor ii
Answer:
Neither of the two options.
Explanation:
Before a bullet is fired, the momentum of the bullet-gun system is zero because of lack of velocity. After the gun is fired, both gun and bullet acquire velocity making them nonzero. Thus, it is impossible for the kinetic energy to be zero because both the bullet and the gun are in motion. Also, the momentum is nonzero momentum is the product of the mass of an object and its corresponding velocity. Once the bullet is fired, both the bullet and the gun gains momentum thus making it nonzero.
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steve walks 2 km due west. he then returns to walk south for 3 km. after visiting some friends, steven walks 5 km. determine stevens displacement and distance. which one is larger? by how much?
Distance is = 10 km and displacement is 4 km.
Steve walks 2 km due west. = -5i
They then return to walk south for 3 km. = -3j
After visiting some friends, steven walks 5 km. = - 5
Distance = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 km
Displacement = [tex]\sqrt{(5)^2 - (3)^2}[/tex] = 4 km
Distance is a numerical or occasionally qualitative size of the way far aside gadgets or factors are. In physics or ordinary utilization, the distance may also consult with a bodily length or an estimation based totally on different criteria.
Distance is the whole motion of an object with no regard for the route. we are able to define distance as how plenty of ground an item has protected notwithstanding its beginning or ending point.
Displacement dimension, honestly a trade-in period, is typically done by counting the range of fringes because the item being measured is displaced. Displacement is a protection mechanism that includes a character shifting terrible feelings from one character or thing to another.
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ow many times as strong is the coulomb repulsion between two electrons than the gravitational attraction between the same two electrons? (the distance does not matter.)
Fe/Fg = 4.2 x 10⁴² is the gravitational attraction.
Gm²/r² the gravitational attraction between two electrons is given by, where G is the gravitational constant, m is the electron mass, and r is the distance between the two electrons.
r = the distance between two electrons the size of the charge on each electron, or q, is 1.6 x 1019 C.
The mass of one electron, or m, is 9.1 x 1031.
The Coulomb force of repulsion is expressed mathematically as
Fe equals (9 x 109) k q/r2 (1.6 x 10-19) ²/r²
Fg = Gm2/r2 = 6.67 x 1011 is the formula for the gravitational force of attraction. (9.1 x 10⁻³¹) ²/r²
The formula for calculating Fe/Fg is [(9 x 109) (1.6 x 1019) 2/r2] / [(6.67 x 1011). (9.1 x 10^-31) ⁻³/r²]
Fe/Fg = 4.2x10⁴²
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Convert 300 m/s to mi/hr
Answer:
671.22 mi/hr
Explanation:
[tex](\frac{300 m}{s} )(\frac{1mi}{1609m} )(\frac{3600s}{1hr} )=\frac{(300)(3600)}{1609} =671.22mi/hr[/tex]
Hope this helps
When two or more atoms combine into a chemical compound, the force of attraction holding the atoms together is known as a ______. A. charge B. electric current C. bond D. magnetic pole
Answer:
rgg3ge4gg434g4g4g4g44g
Explanation:
grg4g4g4y44h44h
numerical study on transient airflows and air exchange induced by door motion in thermally stratified environment
The correct answer is transient airflows under the combined motion of a door and the force of buoyancy.
However, the combined airflow characteristics generated by door motion, ventilation airflow, and thermal impacts have not yet been thoroughly defined. Door motion has been acknowledged as playing a part in the confined conveyance between indoor and outdoor regions. This study employed dynamic CFD simulation to look at the transient airflow characteristics and amount of air exchange generated by door motions in a thermally stratified environment with displacement ventilation. The results show that at a door angle of 30°, there is a 40% air exchange even though only 15% of the overall door motion process is used during the initial phase. Two important contributing factors are the temperature difference between the air inside and outside, as well as the rotational speed of the door.
The thermal convective flow may have a considerable impact on the airflow pattern through the doorway when the door motion is slow enough and the temperature difference is greater than 3 °C. The amount of air exchange rises linearly with door motion speed when there is no difference in temperature between the internal and exterior spaces. When buoyant force and door motion are coupled, a modest door speed yields minimal air exchange. Only the air temperatures close to the door are impacted by door movement. In the displacement ventilated room, a single door open and close cycle does not considerably reduce the overall temperature stratification. The research findings may help to improve knowledge of the consequences of dynamic disturbances in thermally stratified environments as well as offer recommendations for decreasing door motion-induced pollutant movement.
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A junction diode is operated in a circuit in which it is supplied with a constant current. What is the effect on the forward voltage of the diode if an identical diode is connected in parallel?
Answer:
The forward voltage is decreased by 17.31 MV if an identical diode is connected in parallel and the junction diode is operated in a circuit in which it is supplied with a constant current.
Explanation:
There are two instances to consider in this question;
Instance 1: when a single diode is supplied with a constant current II as shown below in (a). We assume that I1 = I which generates a forward voltage V1 across this diode.
Instance 2: when an identical diode is connected in parallel with the previous diode as shown below in (b). In this case the current flowing through each of them is I2 = I/2 and this current generates a forward voltage V2 across each of the two diodes.
V2 - V1 = 2.303 Vt log (I2/I1)
V2 = V1 + 2.303 Vt log (I2/I1)
V2 = V1 + 2.303 * 25 MV * log (I/2/I)
V2 = V1 + 2.303 *25 MV * log (1/2)
V2 = V1 -17.31 MV
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Lab 2 uniform velocity why do you think it necessary to cut off the first few dots?
It is necessary to cut off the first few dots because a small distance between dots means the object was moving slow during that time interval.
What is Uniform velocity?Uniform velocity is the state in which a body travels the same distance in the same amount of time.
The average velocity of a body is represented by the variable v in the equation (d = v t). If the magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change over time, the body is said to be moving at a uniform speed.
An example of constant velocity, or when a body moves with increasing speed at regular intervals, is the rotation of the Earth.
Uniform velocity is the state in which a body travels the same distance in the same amount of time. The average velocity of a body is given in the equation (d = v t), and its magnitude and direction are constant across time.
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vector a has a magnitude of 28 units and points in the positive y-direction. vector b is added to a, giving a resultant vector a b that points in the negative y-direction with a magnitude of 11 units. what is the magnitude and direction of b?
The magnitude of vector B is 39 units, and it is pointing to the negative y-direction.
How does the Triangle Law of Vector Addition work?The triangle law of vector addition asserts that when two vectors are represented by two sides of a triangle with the order of magnitude and direction, the magnitude and direction of the resulting vector are represented by the third side of the triangle.
The formula for Resultant of vectors = vector sum of all the vectors.
We have been given that,Vector A = 28j,Vector B =?
So, Resultant of vector A and B = R
R = -11j
R = A + B
-11j = 28j + B
B = -11j - 28j
B= - 39j
Hence, the magnitude of vector B is 39 units, and it points towards the negative y-direction.
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In a standard deck of cards, what is the probability of drawing a black card followed by drawing a heart? answer choices are in the form of a percentage, rounded to the nearest whole number.
Percentage of probability of drawing a black card followed by drawing a heart = 13%
Total cards in a deck of cards = 52
Total black cards in a deck of cards = 26
Probability of drawing a black card = (26/52) = (1/2)
Percentage of probability of drawing a black card = (1/2) × 100 = 50 %
Total hearts in a deck of cards = 13
There are 26 black card in a deck of 52 cards . Once the black card is drawn we are left with total of 51 cards. So, we can write
Probability of then drawing a heart = (13/51)
To get the probability of drawing a black card followed by drawing a heart we need to multiply the fractions together, so we can write
Probability of drawing a black card followed by drawing a heart = (1/2) × (13/51) = (13/102)
Percentage of probability of drawing a black card followed by drawing a heart = (13/102) × 100 = 12.74% = 13% (after round off)
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a lightning bolt strikes a tree, moving 20.39 c of charge through a potential difference of 60 mv. what energy was dissipated? 1mv
The calculated energy is 720 J.
The word "dissipation" is frequently used to refer to energy wastage. Any energy that is lost to the environment and is not converted to usable energy stores is referred to as wasted energy. Such a battery transfers charge by passing it via a potential difference of 12.0 V and providing a change in potential energy with a value equal to U=qV. We multiply the charge transported by the potential difference to determine the energy output.
U=qV.
U indicates energy here
U=12x60
U=720 J
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Human hox genes are in four clusters: hoxa, hoxb, hoxc, and hoxd, for a total of 39 genes. besides conserving the clustering of genes, evolution has also conserved ________.
Human hox genes are in four clusters: HOXA, HOXB, HOXC, and HOXD for a total of 39 genes. besides conserving the clustering of genes, evolution has also conserved the order of genes within them.
What is a gene?
A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes helps to make molecules called proteins. However, many genes do not synthesis for proteins. Every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Most genes are the same in all people, but a small number of genes (less than 1 percent of the total) are slightly different among the people. Alleles are forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases. These small differences contribute to each person’s unique physical features.
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How much additional time will pass before the ball passes the tree branch on the way back down?
The additional time pass before the ball passes the tree branch on the way back down is 1.913 .
Consider the displacement equation
s(t) = (-g/2)t^2 + v(0)t + s(0)
where g = 9.8 m/s/s is the acceleration due to gravity,
v(0) = 15 m/s is the initial velocity, and
s(0) = 0 is the staring position (the ground).
We want to know when s(t) = 7 m. Thus,
7 = (-9.8/2)t^2 + 15t
We solve for t by solving the quadratic
(-9.8/2)t^2 + 15t - 7 = 0
Using the Quadratic Formula, we get the two roots
t1 = .574 seconds
t2 = 2.487 seconds
These two values represent the times when the ball passes the tree branch. Therefore, the total time between passing the branch is the difference between 2.49 seconds and 0.57 seconds.
Thus, the ball is at 7 meters at both times. The additional time after the first instance is
d = t2 - t1 = 2.487 - .574 = 1.913 seconds
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how fast do i have to go from b to c in order to average for the whole trip? write an equation expressing v2 (the speed i need to average going from b to c) in terms of the other symbols given: v1, δl1, δl2, and δt.
The average speed of the trip from B to C should be
V2=(ΔL2V1)/(ΔtV1 - ΔL1)
The journey from B to C should be made at an average speed of
<V> = ΔL/Δt
The entire voyage must take at least
Δt=Δt1+Δt2
Δt - Δt1=Δt2.....eqn.(i).
V1 =ΔL1/Δt1..... eqn.(ii) and V2=ΔL2/Δt2
substituting (Δt - Δt1=Δt2 ) from eqn(i) in the above eqn
V2=ΔL2/(Δt - Δt1)
and substituting the value of Δt1 from eqn(i) in the above equation
V2=ΔL2/(Δt - (ΔL1/V1))
now by rearranging the terms we get
V2=ΔL2V1/(ΔtV1 - ΔL1)
What do mean by average speed?The object's average speed is the total distance it travels in a predetermined amount of time. A scalar value is used to represent the normal speed. It is characterized by the magnitude and lacks direction.
Since speed is a scalar quantity, it lacks direction. It indicates the rate of a moving thing. When a particle's speed is high, it indicates that it is travelling quickly, and when it is low, it indicates that it is going slowly.
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How has commercial logging affected water resources?
Answer:There are a lot of issues with deforestation. However, for some nations around the world, logging jobs provide stable sources of income that might otherwise be unavailable. But now new research is taking a deeper look into the consequences of logging and asking, at what cost?
So I narrow it down mostly to deforestation, cost , animal population, water resources and etc
Explanation:
An artificial satellite moves at a steady 25,000 km/hr in a circular orbit around earth. is it accelerated?
Yes the motion is accelerated.
We have a artificial satellite that moves at a steady 25,000 km/hr in a circular orbit around earth.
We have to determine whether or not it is accelerated.
What is an Artificial Satellite ?An artificial Satellite is a man - made artificial body placed in orbit round the earth or moon or another planet in order to collect information or for communication.
According to the question -
v = 25000 km/hr
Now for the motion to be accelerated the velocity must change with respect to time. But, the velocity here is constant. It should be kept in mind that the velocity is a vector quantity, its magnitude is constant but its direction keeps on changing in circular motion, and hence, its acceleration also changes.
Hence, yes the motion is accelerated.
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Consider the electronic transition from n = 7 to n = 4 in the hydrogen atom. is light absorbed or emitted? calculate the energy, the frequency and wavelength (nm) of the photon involved.
Energy for this electronic transition is ΔE=0.572eV frequency is ν=1.38×[tex]10^{14}[/tex] [tex]s^{-1}[/tex] and wavelength is 2.17×[tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m
The Bohr Model for the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom gives us:
E=−[tex]\frac{13.6}{n^{2} }[/tex] eV
Where n is the principle quantum no
For the transition 7→4 the difference in energy is given by:
ΔE= -[tex]\frac{13.6}{49}[/tex]+[tex]\frac{13.6}{16}[/tex] eV
ΔE=0.85-0.277
ΔE=0.572eV
To convert this to Joules we multiply by the electronic charge:
ΔE=0.572×1.6×[tex]10^{-19}[/tex]=9.16×[tex]10^{-20}[/tex]J
(b)
To find the frequency of the emitted photon we use the Planck expression:
ΔE=hν
∴ν=ΔE/h=(9.16×[tex]10^{-20}[/tex])÷(6.626×[tex]10^{-34}[/tex])[tex]s^{-1}[/tex]
ν=1.38×[tex]10^{14}[/tex] [tex]s^{-1}[/tex]
To find the wavelength
λ=c/ν
(3×[tex]10^{8}[/tex])/(1.38×[tex]10^{14}[/tex]) m
=2.17×[tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m
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what did edwin hubble discover about galaxies that allowed him to determine the expansion rate of the universe?
Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer who discovered a way to determine the rate of expansion of the universe through the relationship between the velocities of remote galaxies and their distances.
Mr. Hubble established what is known as Hubble's law, this law states that the greater the distance of a galaxy, the greater the speed at which it moves away from us, so both the law indicates that the large objects in the universe are moving away from each other steadily causing an unchanging expansion.
What is the Hubble constant?It is a mathematical constant that expresses the expansion velocity of the universe at a distance from a point in space. Its value is 69.8 km/s/Mpc.
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Suppose we want a satellite to revolve around the earth 6 times a day. what should the radius of its orbit be? (neglect the presence of the moon.)
We must use the principles of the balance of forces to resolve this exercise.
What is centrifugal force?
A hypothetical force called centrifugal force, which is unique to particles traveling in a circle, is a force that has the same strength and dimensions as the centripetal force, but acts in the opposite direction.
The force exerted on the satellite by the planet in this specific instance must be equal to the centrifugal force, that is
Fg =Fe
GMm/ r^2 = mw^2r
Where,
G = Gravitational Universal Constant
M = Mass of earth
m = mass of satellite
r = Distance/Orbit
By changing and rearranging the equation to find the orbit using the idea of Period through the Angular Velocity, we have,
r = 1.44 x 10^7 m
The orbit is 14400 kilometers
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The force of friction on a sliding object is 50 n. the applied force needed to maintain a constant velocity is?
The correct answer is 50N.
There can be constant-velocity motion in one of two situations: a body travelling alone (i.e., with no forces acting on it) or a body being acted upon by a system of balanced forces (i.e., with no net force acting on it). The second scenario is known as mechanical equilibrium.
An item in mechanical equilibrium is one that is travelling at a constant or constant speed. This implies that the item is not being affected by any net forces.
When an object is moving over a rough horizontal surface, a force that works in the opposite direction from the object's motion must be supplied to counteract the sliding/kinetic frictional force.
The force of friction is f = 50 N. Additionally, the strength of the delivered force must F=50 N in the motion's direction.
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a pendulum of length 0.50 meters, mass 1.0 kilogram, and displacement angle 12 degrees has a period of 1.4 seconds. determine the period if the mass is doubled.
The period of pendulum is still the same at 1.4 seconds.
We need to know about pendulum experiment to solve this problem. The pendulum is a simple experiment to calculate gravitational acceleration. The gravitational acceleration can be calculated by
g = 4π² . L / T²
where g is gravitational acceleration, L is the length of the string and T is the period.
From the question above, we know that:
L = 0.5 meters
m1 = 1 kg
θ = 12⁰
m2 = 2 . m1
T1 = 1.4 seconds
Find the period of pendulum
g = 4π² . L / T²
T² = 4π² . L / g
T = √(4π² . L / g)
The period of a pendulum does not depend on the mass of the object, hence the period is still the same at 1.4 seconds.
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A cheetah is known to be the fastest mammal on Earth, at least for short runs. Cheetahs have been observed running a distance of 5.50 × 102 m with an average speed of 1.00 × 102 km/h.
How long would it take a cheetah to cover this distance at this speed?
The cheetah needs 197.8 seconds to complete the 5.50 *100 m distance.
The distance traveled divided by the time taken is the most popular formula for calculating average speed. The average speed is determined by dividing the whole distance by the total time required to complete the distance. The other calculation, provided you have the initial and final speeds, adds them together and divides by 2.20. calculating the time needed for a cheetah to travel 5.50 102 meters.
10 km/h average speed is equal to 10 / 3.6, or 2.78 m/s.
Dist. = 5.50 102
Time =?
average speed = time / distance
time=5.50 x 100/ 2.78
Time = 197.8 s
Therefore, it takes a cheetah 197.8 seconds to travel 5.50 102 meters.
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5. (a) Calculate Earth's average speed relative to the Sun. (b) What is its average velocity over a period of one year?
a. The Earth's average speed relative to the Sun is 2970 m/s
b. The earth's average velocity over a period of one year is 0 m/s
(a) Calculate Earth's average speed relative to the Sun.The speed of the earth relative to the sun is given by v = √(GM/r) where
G = universal gravitational constant = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg², M = mass of sun = 1.989 × 10³⁰ kg and r = distance of earth from sun = 1.5043 × 10¹¹ mSubstituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have
v = √(GM/r)
v = √(6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg² × 1.989 × 10³⁰ kg/1.5043 × 10¹¹ m)
v = √(13.26663 × 10¹⁹ Nm²/kg/1.5043 × 10¹¹ m)
v = √(8.8191 × 10⁸ Nm²/kg)
v = 2.97 × 10⁴ m/s
v = 2970 m/s
So, the Earth's average speed relative to the Sun is 2970 m/s
(b) What is its average velocity over a period of one year?The average velocity of the Earth is v = ΔD/T where
ΔD = total dispalcement = D' - D where D = initial position of earth and D' = final position of earth and T = period of earth over one year = 365 days × 24 h/day × 60 min/h × 60 s/min = 31536000 s = 3.1536 × 10⁸ sNow, since the earth starts and stopps at the same position, D' = D.
So, ΔD = D' - D = 0
Substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have
v = ΔD/T
v = 0 m/3.1536 × 10⁸ s
v = 0 m/s
So, the earth's average velocity over a period of one year is 0 m/s
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