(b) "amount of toxicant it takes to kill half the population" is what the ld50 indicates.
The median lethal dose, also known as LD50 (short for "lethal dosage, 50%"), LC50 (short for "lethal concentration, 50%") or LCt50, is a hazardous measurement that calculates the deadly dose of a disease, toxin, or radiation.
The dose necessary to cause the death of 50% of a population under test after a predetermined test period is known as the LD50 value for a drug. Commonly used as a broad indicator of a substance's acute toxicity are LD50 values.
Greater toxicity is indicated by a lower LD50. It shows how much poisonous substance is required to eliminate half the population.
Here is another question with an answer similar to this about ld50: https://brainly.com/question/10951069
#SPJ4
Question: Why don't birds get electrocuted when they are on an electric wire.
I need answer ASAP Thank You
Answer:
Birds sitting on an electric wire don't touch the ground, so any electricity that’s flowing stays in the power line and they are not electrocuted.
suppose that fish size is a heritable trait in a population of fish. the allele conferring large size (s) is incompletely dominant to the allele conferring small size (s). heterozygotes (ss) are of intermediate size. suppose that a population of fish is at hardy-weinberg equilibrium and the frequency of the s allele is 0.9. what proportion of the next generation will be of intermediate size?
The proportion of dominating people in the following population is (1+4)%, or 5%.
The Hardy-Weinberg rule states that in the absence of evolutionary driving forces, allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain constant.
It claims that the binomial expansion of the square of the sum of p and q can be used to describe the total genotype frequencies.
The following sum equals one: (p+q) ²= p²+ 2pq + q².
In this instance, "p" represents the frequency of the dominant allele, and "q," that of the recessive allele. The expression "2pq" represents the population's frequency of heterozygotes.
The frequency of the dominant allele is given by p+q=1, while the frequency of the recessive allele is given by q = 0.9 for a certain hereditary trait. Consequently,
p=1-q
P=1-0.9 = 0.1
p²= (0.1) =0.01 or 1% of the population has a homozygous dominant genotype.
The percentage of heterozygous dominant genotypes in the population as a whole is 4% (PQ)² = 2 X 0.1 X 0.2 ".
∴ (1+4)%
=5%.
To learn more about the homozygous dominant genotype, refer to the link below.
https://brainly.com/question/27914577
#SPJ4
More energy can be released from fat molecule than from glucose molecule because the fat molecule contains more
Answer:
chemicals bonds
Explanation:
the more bonds, the more energy released!
in this study, scientists investigated the interactions between actin filaments (microfilaments) and myosin motor proteins. why is it important to understand the interaction of these components of the cytoskeleton?
It is important to understand the interaction between actin filaments (microfilaments) and myosin motor proteins because there interactions accomplish a variety of functions such as determining the cell shape.
It is important to understand the interaction between the actin filaments and the myosin motor proteins because:
Cytoplasmic streaming that occurs in plant cells is a result of the interaction between the actin filaments and the myosin motor proteins.The white blood cells, which play an important role in the defense of the body move toward the antigens due to this interaction.It is due to the interaction between actin and myosin that the movement of chromosomes occurs during the process of cell division.Cilia and flagellar regulate movement due to this interaction.Cell shape is determined due to this interaction.To learn more about actin filaments, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/13916606
#SPJ4
Algor mortis, or postmortem cooling of the body, varies with ambient temperatures. Based on the results of your experiment, how does ambient temperature affect the rate of cooling of a body after death? explain your answer. Include how this might affect the use of the glaister equation in determining the time of death.
The ambient temperature affect the rate of cooling of a body after death occurs depends on the temperature differential between the body and the environment.
How long does it take for the body to cool down after death?Once vital functions cease, the body cools at an average of 1°C to 1.5°C per hour. Considering that the average temperature of a human being is between 36 °C and 37 °C, the corpse reaches the ambient temperature in 24 hours at most.
The higher the ambient temperature, the more important the evaporative heat loss will be. In fact, when ambient temperature is higher than body temperature, the only way to lose heat is through evaporation. Human beings lose heat through sweating.
See more about temperature at brainly.com/question/11464844
#SPJ1
18. Taxonomy grew as a science partly because ofA. the development of printing and navigationB. the work of Pliny the ElderC. the decline of the Greek civilizationD. none of the above helped taxonomy grow as a science
Taxonomy is a system of classification used in science specially to the classification of living organisms. Threfore, the taxonomy grew as a science there is none of the above as a way to help it grow as a science, being the correct alternative the D.
In what way does the dialysis tubing represent the cell?
Answer:
The dialysis tubing itself represents the cell membrane.
Explanation:
When the dialysis tubing is filled with liquid the entire system is supposed to represent a cell. The solution inside the dialysis tubing represents the concentration inside the cell.
Which molecular structures could be found in lipids but not a carbohydrate, protein, or nucleic acid?
Answer:
Proteins, carbohydrates and lipids are made from three basic molecules: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. However, all proteins contain an element not found in carbohydrates and lipids is nitrogen.
Explanation:
In a garden ecosystem, a bee has a relationship with a flowering plant. The relationship is an example of mutualism. How are the bee and the plant affected in this relationship?
A. The bee and the plant both benefit.
B. The bee and the plant are both harmed.
C. The bee is harmed and the plant benefits.
D. The bee benefits and the plant is harmed.
Mutualism refers to the ecological interaction between two or more species in which each species benefits. It is one of the natural symbiotic relationships. Commensalism, parasitism, predation, cooperation, and competition are examples of common ecological interactions between or among species. One of the example for mutualism is the relationship between the bees and the flowering plant.
Bees fly from flower to flower collecting nectar, which they convert into food, which benefits the bees. The bees collect pollen on their hairy bodies when they land in a flower, and when they land in the next flower, some of the pollen from the first one rubs off, pollinating the plant. This is beneficial to the plants. The bees get to eat, and the flowering plants get to reproduce, due to this mutualistic relationship.
Hence, option A) is correct, as both the bee and the pant are benefitted.
To know more about mutualism, visit,
https://brainly.com/question/13851205
#mutualism
A person contracts a virus that destroys white blood cells and, as such, is prone to infections. Which signaling pathway has been affected?.
A person contracts a virus which destroys the white blood cells and, as such, becomes prone to infections. In this case, the signaling pathway which gets affected is NF-κB pathway.
What is Immune system?The immune system is responsible for recognizing the invaders by their antigens, which are mostly proteins that are present on the surface of the invading cells. Every cell in the body has its own specific antigens, and a individual's cell carries “self-antigens” that are unique to that individual only and act as antigens to other individual.
An elevation in the level of lymphocytes is an indication of the condition known as lymphocytic leukocytosis. This condition may occur as a result of a virus or any other infection, such as tuberculosis.
Learn more about Viruses here:
https://brainly.com/question/13588519
#SPJ1
During pyruvate oxidation pyruvate is converted to a molecule of acetyl. Pyruvate is a 3-carbon molecule while acetyl is a 2-carbon molecule. What do you think happened to the carbon molecule that was lost?.
The three-carbon compound pyruvate is changed into the two-carbon molecule acetyl CoA, which is joined to coenzyme A.Coenzyme A is an essential component of this process, which turns a NAD+ molecule into NADH and releases a carbon dioxide molecule.
How is pyruvate converted to acetyl?
The splitting, or lysis, of glucose is known as glycolysis.The 6-carbon glucose is broken down by glycolysis into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules.In the presence or absence of oxygen, this activity takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.Four ATP and a little quantity of NADH are produced during glycolysis. Be aware that this procedure totally converts one molecule of the three-carbon organic acid pyruvate to three molecules of CO2.Four molecules of NADH, one of FADH2, and one of GTP (or ATP) are created during this process. Each pyruvate molecule loses one carbon atom during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA due to the release of carbon dioxide.When pyruvate is broken down, electrons are transferred to NAD+ to create NADH, which the cell will use to make ATP. The inputs (reactants) of pyruvate oxidation are pyruvate, NAD+, and Coenzyme A. The outputs (products) are carbon dioxide, NADH, and acetyl CoA.A carbon is removed from the three-carbon pyruvate molecule created during glycolysis to create the new, 2-carbon acetyl CoA molecule.The carbon that is extracted leaves the body as carbon dioxide (CO 2 start subscript, 2, end subscript), taking two oxygens from pyruvate with it. One carbon atom from the pyruvic acid splits off inside the matrix to create carbon dioxide, which is subsequently discharged into the atmosphere.Pyruvic acid's additional two carbon atoms rearrange to create acetic acid, which is then attached to a substance known as coenzyme A.The final product is a molecule known as acetyl-CoA. Each pyruvate molecule loses one carbon atom during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA due to the release of carbon dioxide.When pyruvate is broken down, electrons are transferred to NAD+ to create NADH, which the cell will use to make ATP. A two-part oxidation reaction using pyruvate that involves NAD+ and the co-enzyme A molecule, commonly referred to as "CoA," is one of the most researched oxidation reactions in the field.Pyruvate is oxidized in this reaction, one carbon is lost through decarboxylation, and acetyl-CoA, a new molecule, is produced.To learn more about pyruvate oxidation refer
https://brainly.com/question/28904313
#SPJ4
a(n) is a site within a chromosome that serves as the starting point for dna synthesis. here, the two dna strands unwind, and replication proceeds outward in opposite directions from this site. this provides an opening called a(n) that forms two .
The origin of replication is a site within a chromosome that serves as the starting point for DNA synthesis.
This provides an opening called a replication fork those forms two DNA.
DNA union begins at a particular put on a chromosome called a root. Within the begin-with instrument, one girl strand is started at the beginning on one parental strand and the moment is started at another root on the inverse parental strand.
In this way, as where one strand develops from each root. A few infections utilize this sort of component.
DNA replication may be a handle that happens amid cellular division where two indistinguishable particles of DNA are made from a single atom of DNA.
As a semiconservative prepare, a single particle containing two strands of DNA in a twofold helix arrangement is isolated, where each strand serves as a layout for the modern DNA particles.
Learn more about the replication of DNA at
https://brainly.com/question/13972768
#SPJ4
1. identify 10 biotic components of an chosen ecosystem.
Answer:
Explanation:
Biotic factors are living or once-living organisms in the ecosystem. These are
obtained from the biosphere and are capable of reproduction. Examples of
Biotic factors are animals, birds, plants, fungi, and other similar organisms.
Biotic describes a living component of an ecosystem; for example organisms, such as plants and animals.
Examples: All living things — autotrophs and heterotrophs — plants, animals, fungi, bacteria.
Living things that directly or indirectly affect organisms in
environment; organisms, interactions, waste; parasitism, and disease.
Hope it helps : )
Please mark as brainliest!
In noncyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons passed down through the electron transport system are obtained from?.
In non cyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons passed down through the electron transport chain are obtained from water.
Non-cyclic phosphorylation have two Photosystems;
1. photosystem I
2. Photosystem II.
They work in series, first PS II and then PS I and are connected through electron transport chain. Electrons moved from PS II and then passed on to PS I.
The release of electrons from PS II can be replaced by some other electrons which can be came by splitting of the water molecule. The complex responsible for splitting of water molecule is present on PS II. Water molecule is converted into H⁺ , O and electrons are released which can be move through electron transport chain.
To know more about Non cyclic phosphorylation click here
brainly.com/question/14397399
#SPJ4
Which of the following is required for osmosis to occur?
A. An enzyme
B. A fully permeable membrane.
C. ATP
D. A salute concentration gradient.
Answer: (D)
Explanation:
Mendel first made sure that he had purebred dominant green pod plants and then he crossed them with yellow pod plants. What is the probability that the offspring are green? (5 pts)
Genotype: Phenotype:
Second, Mendel used the offspring from the first cross and allowed them to self pollinate. What is the probability that the resulting offspring are yellow? (5 pts)
Genotype: Phenotype:
(Create Punnett squares pls for both)
Using Punnett squares is useful to calculate genotypic and phenotypic probabilities among the progenies. Pods color is coded by a diallelic gene expressing complete dominance. 1) 100%. Genotype Gg. Phenotype Green. 2) 25% Genotype 25%GG + 50% Gg + 25%gg. Phenotypes 75% Green and 25% yellow.
What is a Punnett square?
The Punnett square is a graphic representation that shows the different types of gamete combinations according to the alleles involved in a cross.
Punnett square shows the probabilities of getting offspring with different genotypes and their consequent phenotypes.
What is complete dominance?Complete dominance is the inheritance pattern in which the dominant allele completely masks the expression of the recessive allele, which becomes evident in heterozygous individuals.
In the exposed example, the gene coding for pods color is diallelic and expresses complete dominance,
Green is dominant over yellowG is the dominant allele that codes for greeng is the recessive allele that codes for yellow1st cross) purebred dominant with purebred recessive
Parentals) GG x gg
Gametes) G G g g
Punett square) G G
g Gg Gg
g Gg Gg
F1) 100% Gg green individuals
2nd cross) between heterozygous individuals
Parentals) Gg x Gg
Gametes) G g G g
Punett square) G g
G GG Gg
g Gg gg
F2) Genotype
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be GG
2/4 = 50% of the progeny is expected to be Gg
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be gg.
Phenotype
3/4 = 75% of the progeny is expected to be green-poded individuals
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be yellow-poded individuals
1) What is the probability that the offspring are green?
The F1 is composed of heterozygous individuals, Gg.
There are 100% probability that the offspring are green.
Genotype: GgPhenotype: Green2) What is the probability that the resulting offspring are yellow?
The F2 is composed of green (homozygous dominant GG and heterozygous Gg) and yellow (homozygous recessive gg) individuals.
There are 25% probability that the offspring are yellow.
Genotype: 25% GG + 50% Gg + 25% ggPhenotype: 75% Green + 25% yellowYou can learn more about punnett squares at
https://brainly.com/question/25357981
#SPJ1
How would the world be different if no organisms ever evolved?
However, extinction is likely to occur if conditions change faster than a species can adapt and if individuals from that species lack the characteristics necessary to live in the new environment.
What is organisms and example?A living creature that has a defined system, is capable of responding to stimuli, can reproduce, grow, adapt, and preserve equilibrium is referred to as an organism. Therefore, every animal, plant, fungus, protist, bacterium, or archaeon found on Earth would be deemed an organism.
What are organisms made of?Cells, that are regarded as the basic building blocks of life, make up every living thing. Just one organisms are clever! Atoms create molecules, which create the cellular organelles and structure within each cell. Related cells that form tissues in complex organisms.
To know more about Organism visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13278945
#SPJ13
What famous geneticist worked in a monastery studying pea plants
Answer:
Explanation:
Gregor Mendel
sympathetic stimulation causes multiple choice mesangial cells to release angiotensin, which ultimately leads to granular cell relaxation. mesangial cells to release angiotensin, which ultimately leads to granular cell contraction. granular cells to release renin, which ultimately leads to mesangial cell contraction. inhibited release of erythropoietin and contraction of granular and mesangial cells. granular cells to release renin, which ultimately leads to mesangial cell relaxation.
Sympathetic stimulation causes granular cells to release renin, which ultimately leads to mesangial cell contraction and is denoted as option C.
What is Sympathetic stimulation?This is referred to as the process in which the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated so as to enable certain types of activities such as heart and digestive rate to be adequately performed by the body for its survival.
In the digestive system, its stimulation results in granular cells releasing renin, which ultimately leads to mesangial cell contraction. This is responsible for the coagulation which occurs in the stomach.
Digestion of the milk is enhanced in this process especilly in young children and is therefore the reason why option C was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
Read more about Sympathetic stimulation here https://brainly.com/question/28162710
#SPJ1
Why can an individual be a carrier but not have the disorder?A) Because it is not expressedB) Because it does not effect the individual visiblyC) Because the individual received therapy to overcome the disorderD) Because the individual received surgery to get rid of the disorder
When a genetic disorder is not manifested means that even when is coded in the genes is not expressed, this can be due to a different factor, being the main reason that is a recessive gene masqued by the healthy dominant gene. Therefore the correct answer is letter A.
PLEASE SOMEONE HELP EXPLAIN THIS IT’S DUE FIRST THING TMRW MORNING!!
Determine the empirical formula of a 28.00 gram sample containing 22.90 grams carbon and 5.10 grams hydrogen.
Explanation:
The compound is found to be composed of 75% carbon and 25% hydrogen.
100 g of the compound contains 75 g of carbon and 25 g of hydrogen.
The atomic masses of carbon and hydrogen are 12 g/mol and 1 g/mol respectively.
The number of moles of C =
12 g/mol
75 g
= 6.25 moles
The number of moles of H =
1 g/mol
25 g
= 25 moles
The mole ratio C:H=6.25:25=1:4
The empirical formula of the compound is CH
4
.
you are performing an analysis of the long-term benefits of reproductive strategies employed by cicada species. individuals of one species reproduce once every year and produce an average of 150 offspring per year. because predators can easily predict when these cicadas will reproduce, they have evolved to efficiently hunt the yearly cicada offspring. thus, only 5 percent of these offspring will survive to reproduce. individuals of the 13-year cicada species produce an average of 250 offspring during their single mating every 13 years, and approximately 45 percent of the offspring survive to reproduce. finally, 17-year cicadas produce an average of 350 offspring per individual during their single mating every 17 years, and approximately 50 percent of the offspring survive to reproduce. over 100 years, which strategy will produce the newest cicadas? assume the 13-year and 17-year cycles all begin at year 1; that is, the first 13-year cicada reproductive event is on year 13
17-year cicadas produce an average of 350 offspring per individual during their single mating every 17 years strategy will produce the newest cicadas
How do cicadas reproduce?Once they have discovered a suitable female, cicada males sing a courting song. The female will let the male to approach and then unite end to end to mate if she is pleased with him. He will give the female a bundle of sperm during the mating procedure, which she will utilise to fertilise her eggs.
Megapomponia imperatoria, a species of cicada endemic to Malaysia, is the biggest cicada species in the world.
A membrane known as a tymbal that they inflate and contract to produce sound. When females are prepared to mate, they emit clicking noises, so they employ their sound to entice the females. The male cicadas' noises get louder as the temperature rises.
Learn more about cicadas refer
https://brainly.com/question/13392642
#SPJ14
which aspect of phospholipids is most important to the formation of bilayers? they are amphipathic. their hydrocarbon tails can consist of fatty acids or isoprene subunits. the length of their hydrocarbon tails can be altered to modulate membrane fluidity. their polar heads can interact with water.
The aspect of phospholipids that is most important to the formation of bilayers is the amphipathic molecules.
What qualities do amphipathic compounds have?Hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions can both be found in amphipathic compounds. There is a sizable, lipophilic carbon molecule in the hydrocarbon portion of the compound. On the hydrophilic section with polar functional groups, there is a charge that may be cations, anions, or absent.
Why are detergent molecules amphipathic?Detergents, soaps, shampoos, and many other cleaning solutions can also transport away pollutants that are difficult to remove with just water because of the amphipathic molecules. Lye, a chemical, is used to process fatty materials, such as vegetable or animal oils, to create soap.
Learn more about amphipathic molecules here:-
https://brainly.com/question/12070285
#SPJ4
when someone is standing, gravity stretches the bottom of the lung down toward the floor to a greater extent than the top of the lung. what implications would this have on the flow of air in the lungs? where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
Gravity stretches the bottom of the lung down toward the floor more than the top of the lung while someone is standing. Increased ventilation occurs further down in the lung as a result of the concentration gradient.
What is at the bottom of the lungs?The diaphragm, a skeletal muscle that aids in breathing, protects the bottom of the lungs. Breathing necessitates the synchronization of the lungs, the chest wall, and, most crucially, the diaphragm.
How does the structure of the lungs affect breathing?The mechanics of breathing are controlled by the structure of the lungs and the thoracic cavity. During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and descends. The intercostal muscles contract and expand the chest wall outward. The intrapleural pressure lowers, the lungs expand, and the air is pulled into the airways.
Why is the left lobe of the lungs smaller?The left lobe is also smaller to create room for the heart. The left and right lungs are suspended by the lung root and separated by a mediastinum, which acts as a membrane divider between the two. Each lung has three surfaces, each called after its position in the thorax.
Learn more about the diaphragm here:-
https://brainly.com/question/17570572
#SPJ4
Example A: A person ate a ham sandwich and ran a race. She finished in first place.
Claim: The ham sandwich was the reason she won, and she should eat ham sandwiches before all her races.
Example B: A person ate different meals before 20 races that he ran. For ten races, he ate spaghetti before the race and finished in either first, second, or third place. For the other ten races, he ate fried chicken and finished in second place once, but finished in sixth or seventh place in the rest of the races.
Claim: Spaghetti helped his performance, and he should eat spaghetti before all his races.
Which claim is based on higher-quality evidence?
Answer:
Explanation:
there are more trials, that contain solid results, rather than a 1 time, so bee(I can't type the letter by itself for some reason)
pls help
What part of the brain is the arrow pointing to in the diagram below?
Pituitary gland
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Cerebral cortex
Identify the cell organelles found only in plant cells and those found in both animal and plant cells.
Answer:
Animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells do not.
ANSWER PLEASEEEEEEEEE
What is the phrase that is most closely associated with natural selection?
Natural selection is the process in which the population with the best adaptation is favorable. It is usually associated with the phrase "survival of the fittest".
a genomic library is a: group of answer choices collection of dna fragments from all the chromosomes, inserted into vectors a complete set of genes, inserted into vectors series of dna fragments from the genome generated by pcr collection of mrna molecules cloned into vectors
A genomic library is a collection of DNA fragments from all the chromosomes. Option A.
A genomic library is a collection of overlapping segments of genomic DNA cloned into backbone vectors that statistically span all regions of an organism's genome. The resulting cloned DNA is then transformed into a suitable host cell line. A genomic library is a collection of all genomic DNA from one organism.
A genomic library or gene bank is a complete collection of cloned DNA fragments that make up the entire genome of an organism. It represents all genes including expressed, non-expressed, introns, exons. Genomic libraries can be stored for years and copies can be used for research purposes. Like traditional libraries, gene libraries are used to collect and store information as a set of DNA molecules. All gene libraries are collections of DNA fragments representing a particular biological system of interest.
Learn more about A genomic library here:-https://brainly.com/question/842484
#SPJ4