c. The yield curve will be upward-sloping. The computation of yield to maturity for zero-coupon bonds is given below and the answers are :
1. 3.77 %
2. 4.29 %
3. 4.6 %
4. 4.9 %
5. 5.2
What advantages do zero coupon bond offer?The face value of a bond is paid back at maturity with a zero coupon bond. Zero-Coupon bonds do not allow for periodic coupon payments, hence a stable interest rate is ensured, and adjusted returns. For people who like to invest for the long term and receive a lump amount, the Zero Coupon bond is the ideal option.
Maturity 1 - Price = 96.37
The yield to maturity = [tex](face value / price) ^{1/n}[/tex] - 1
= [tex]( 100 / 96.37) ^{1/1}[/tex] - 1
= 3.77 %
Maturity 2 - Price = 91.94
= [tex](100 / 91.94) ^{1/2}[/tex] - 1
= [tex]( 1.0877) ^{0.5}[/tex] - 1
= 4.29 %
Maturity 3 - Price = 87.32
= [tex]( 100 / 87.32) ^{1/3}[/tex]- 1
= [tex]( 1.1452) ^{0.333}[/tex] - 1
= 1.046 -1
= 4.6 %
Maturity 4 - Price = 82.58
= [tex]( 100 / 82.58) ^{1/4}[/tex] - 1
= [tex](1.211) ^{0,25}[/tex] -1
= 1.049 - 1
= 4.9 %
Maturity 5 - Price = 77.44
= [tex]( 100 / 77.44) ^{1/5}[/tex] - 1
=[tex]( 1.291)^{0.2}[/tex] - 1
= 1.052 - 1
= 5.2
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Recognizing deferred expenses in a period in which a company will not meet analysts expectations is referred to
Question 1 options:
Holdback expenses
Concealed expenses
Cookie jar reserves
A big bath
Recognizing deferred expenses in a period in which a company will not meet analysts' expectations is referred to as a big bath.
A deferred expense is a cost that has been paid but has not yet been incurred. It represents an asset that has been paid for in advance of it being used or consumed. Deferred expenditures are expenses that are expected to provide benefits for an extended period of time. The amount of time it takes for the expense to be incurred is referred to as the deferral period.
Why do companies take a big bath?
A big bath refers to a strategy used by companies to reduce earnings in the current period by manipulating accounting treatments to lower net income. By taking a big bath, a company can clean up its books by reducing the value of assets on its balance sheet or increasing the value of its liabilities. Companies use a big bath when they know that they will miss earnings expectations or when they need to decrease their earnings in the current period to increase their earnings in the future period. It is a way for companies to control their net income by manipulating their accounting principles.
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Project A ends on March 8, and you need to assign one staff member to Project B, which starts the first week of February % Time Committed to Other Tasks Name % Time on Project A Notes Terry 40% 50% Training - February 5 Vacation - January 18 to 28 Leon 30% 25% Paul 80% 15% Training - January 29 to 31 Maria 100% 0% In Office Marco 20% 65% Vacation - February 2 to 19 Which staff member should you choose? Terry Leon 0 Paul Maria Marco
Whoever is the staffmember chosen it will depend on the rate of efficiency as per the given info Maria will the chosen staff member
Business productivity measures how much a company or organisation can produce with the time, money, and resources at hand. In other words, a company's efficiency is defined as its ability to efficiently transform resources like labour, capital, and raw materials into the services and products that produce revenue. If you want to learn how to boost corporate efficiency, you must first comprehend the many types of efficiency. Economic efficiency refers to an economic condition in which every resource is used to best advantage each individual or entity while minimising waste and inefficiency.
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Suppose you wish to retire 38 years from today. You determined that you need $220,000 per year after you retire, with the first retirement funds withdrawn one year from the day you retire and that you will need to make 30 such withdrawals. Assuming that you can earn 5% per year on your retirement funds for the next 70 years.
C. How much is left in your account after you make your 22nd withdrawl?
Assume you want to retire in 38 years. With your initial retirement assets, you calculated that you will require $220,000 per year after retiring.
How does retirement work?
When someone retires, they quit the workforce permanently. The full retirement age in the United States is 67, and the early retirement age is 62. If you were born between 1943 and 1954, you can retire at the age of 66. If you were born between 1955 and 1960, your full retirement age will steadily grow until it reaches 67. Full retirement benefits are due at the age of 67 for everyone born in 1960 or later. The chart below shows the full retirement age by year of birth.
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Estimates of the benefits received by each cost department are as follows: Page 1 of 2 Required:
1 +
a. Prepare a schedule allocating the service department costs to the production departments using the direct allocation method. b. Prepare a schedule allocating the service department costs to the production departments using the sequential allocation method. 2. Explain the differences between service and production departments. Give three examples for each. Issue date: Friday
17 th February 2023 Submission Deadline: Sunday 26" February 2023 at
11:59
PM Submission method: You must upload your work on blackboard by the deadline. Your work should be uploaded in word or pdf format. Do not upload picture or any format that cannot be downloaded for grading. Work sent by email will not be graded.
A direct allocation method of allocating service department costs to the production departments requires that each cost is directly assigned to the appropriate production department.
Service departments are departments that provide services to the production departments such as finance, HR, and IT. Production departments are those that actually produce the goods or services that the company is selling. Examples of service departments include accounting, marketing, and human resources. Examples of production departments include manufacturing, engineering, and research and development.
Service departments refer to organizational units within a company that provide support services to other departments or units within the company. Service departments are not directly involved in producing the company's products or services, but rather they provide support services that are necessary for the company's operations.
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What is the future value of $5,500 in 17 years at an APR of 8.4 percent compounded semiannually? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Future value ____
The appropriate discount rate for the following cash flows is 8.5 percent compounded quarterly. Year Cash Flow
1 $815
2 900
3 0
4 1,520
What is the present value of the cash flows? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Present value ____
the future value of $5,500 in 17 years at an APR of 8.4 percent compounded semiannually is $16,376.75. And the present value of the cash flows is $2,777.40.
How to solve?
To find the future value of $5,500 in 17 years at an APR of 8.4 percent compounded semiannually, we can use the formula:
FV = PV x (1 + r/n)²n×t)
where FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
In this case, PV = $5,500, r = 8.4%, n = 2 (semiannual compounding), and t = 17. Plugging in these values, we get:
FV = $5,500 x (1 + 0.084/2)²2×17)
FV = $5,500 x (1.042)²34
FV = $16,376.75
Therefore, the future value of $5,500 in 17 years at an APR of 8.4 percent compounded semiannually is $16,376.75.
To find the present value of the cash flows with a discount rate of 8.5 percent compounded quarterly, we can use the formula:
PV = CF1/(1+r)²1 + CF2/(1+r)²2 + CF3/(1+r)²3 + CF4/(1+r)²4
where PV is the present value, CF1, CF2, CF3, and CF4 are the cash flows in each year, r is the quarterly discount rate.
In this case, CF1 = $815, CF2 = $900, CF3 = $0, CF4 = $1,520, and r = 8.5%/4 = 2.125%. Plugging in these values, we get:
PV = $815/(1+0.02125)²1 + $900/(1+0.02125)²2 + $0/(1+0.02125)²3 + $1,520/(1+0.02125)²4
PV = $815/1.02125 + $900/1.04375625 + $0/1.067850391 + $1,520/1.092631027
PV = $800.49 + $851.39 + $0 + $1,125.52
PV = $2,777.40
Therefore, the present value of the cash flows is $2,777.40.
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The agent’s role in underwriting is generally greater in
property and liability field than in
the field of life insurance. (T/F).?
The statement "The agent’s role in underwriting is generally greater in the property and liability field than in the field of life insurance" is True.
The agent’s role in underwriting is generally greater in the property and liability field than in the field of life insurance.
What is Underwriting?Underwriting is the process of determining whether an individual or entity is qualified to receive insurance coverage or a mortgage loan. It entails assessing the risk of offering coverage to a particular individual or business. A person who performs underwriting is referred to as an underwriter.
The underwriter evaluates the risk of insuring an individual or business by considering a variety of factors, such as the applicant's credit score, health status, or credit history. The underwriter determines the appropriate insurance rates and establishes the coverage limitations based on the applicant's risk level.
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Darcy Roofing is faced with a decision. The company relies very heavily on the use of its 60-foot extension lift for work on large homes and commercial properties. Last year, Darcy Roofing spent $71,400 refurbishing the lift. It has just determined that another $37,000 of repair work is required. Alternatively, it has found a newer used lift that is for sale for $156,500. The company estimates that both lifts would have useful lives of 6 years. The new lift is more efficient and thus would reduce operating expenses by about $23,800 per year. Darcy Roofing could also rent out the new lift for about $9,000 per year. The old lift is not suitable for rental. The old lift could currently be sold for $23,000 if the new lift is purchased. Prepare an incremental analysis showing whether the company should repair or replace the equipment. (Enter negative amounts using either a negative sign preceding the number e. G. -45 or parentheses e. G. -45. )
Darcy Roofing should replace the lift because,
Scenario 1: Darcy Roofing keeps the old lift
refurbishing costs ($37,000)
no other changes in revenues or costs*
net cash flow = ($37,000)
*The $71,400 spent repairing the lift the previous year are considered sunk costs because they cannot be recovered regardless of what decision the company makes.
Scenario 2: Darcy Roofing purchases a newer lift
cost of newer lift ($156,500)
salvage value of old lift $23,000
reduced costs per year x 6 years = $23,800 x 6 = $142,800
additional rental income x 6 years = $9,000 x 6 = $54,000
Hence, it would be profitable to change the lift.
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Jonathan is a 12-year-old boy who has just started using social media. Although he has always been confident in himself, he is discouraged when his posts do not receive many "likes" and when his peers make negative online comments. Jonathan is beginning to show signs of depression. Which of the following theories best describes Jonathan's behavior?
Social exchange
Social penetration
Self-disclosure
Warranting theory
Uncertainty reduction
As Jonathan is beginning to show signs of depression. The theories that best describes Jonathan's behavior is Social Comparison.
What does the Social Comparison theory means?The theory that best describes Jonathan's behavior is likely the Social Comparison Theory. This theory suggests that individuals evaluate themselves by comparing themselves to others, especially in areas where there is no objective standard for evaluation.
In Jonathan's case, he may be comparing the number of likes and comments on his social media posts to those of his peers, leading him to feel discouraged and depressed when he does not receive as much attention as he would like. The Social Comparison may also explain why negative online comments are affecting Jonathan's self-esteem, as they are challenging his perception of himself in comparison to his peers.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. Scenario C. Gabriel, chief executive officer of Chesapeake Financial Inc., sends a memo to his vice presidents regarding new procedures for annual performance reviews. The vice presidents meet informally to discuss the new procedures. When the new procedures are announced to the other employees, they form feedback teams, and these teams draft memos providing feedback to the vice presidents and Gabriel regarding the advantages, disadvantages, and potential problems with the new procedures.
The feedback memos sent by the teams of employees to the vice presidents and Gabriel are examples of ______ communication.
The feedback memos sent by the teams of employees to the vice presidents and Gabriel are examples of upward communication.
Upward communication is the flow of information from lower levels of an organization to higher levels. In this scenario, the employees are providing feedback to the vice presidents and Gabriel, who are in higher positions within the company.
This is an example of upward communication because the information is flowing from the employees to the executives. It is important for organizations to have effective upward communication in order to ensure that the concerns and suggestions of employees are heard and taken into consideration.
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The fact that microwaves do not work while the "door" is still
open is a consequence of
a. considering the human factor in product design.
b. considering newness in product design.
c. trying to limit the impact on global warming in product design.
d. striving for high reliability in product design.
The fact that microwaves do not work while the "door" is still open is a consequence of A: considering the human factor in product design.
Microwaves are designed with a safety feature that automatically stops the microwave from operating if the door is open. This is to prevent accidental exposure to microwaves, which can be harmful to human health. By designing the microwave with this safety feature, the manufacturers have considered the potential actions of the users, and have made the product safer to use by preventing it from functioning when the door is open.
Therefore, the correct answer is (A) considering the human factor in product design.
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Springfield mogul Montgomery Burns, age 85, wants to retire at age 100 in order to steal candy from babies full time. Once Mr. Burns retires, he wants to withdraw exist0.9 billion at the beginning of each year for 8 years from a special offshore account that will pay 22 percent annually in order to fund his retirement Mr. Bums will make 15 equal end-of-the-year deposits in this same special account that will pay 22 percent annually. How much money will Mr. Burns need at age 100 and how large of an annual deposit must he make to fund this retirement account? a. How much money will Mr. Burns need when he retires? ___ billion
Mr. Burns will need approximately $12.5 billion when he retires at age 100.
What is retire?Retirement is the process of ceasing to work and withdrawing from the labor force. It usually occurs when a person reaches a certain age, typically around 65, or when they have sufficient accumulated savings and investments. Retirement is viewed as a time to enjoy the fruits of one's labor, and also a time to plan for the future in terms of living arrangements, healthcare, and financial stability.
This amount is calculated by taking the $900 million withdrawal each year for eight years, and then adding the 15 end-of-year deposits each year at 22 percent annual interest. This calculation results in a total of $12,500,000,000.
b. Mr. Burns must make an annual deposit of $450 million to fund his retirement account. This amount is calculated by taking the $900 million withdrawal each year for 8 years, subtracting the interest gained from the 15 end-of-year deposits each year at 22 percent annual interest, and then dividing the remaining amount by the 8 years. This calculation results in an annual deposit of $450,000,000.
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Discuss all FOUR code of ethics objectives in helping organizations that enables the members to make morally sound decisions and deals with situations without any prejudices. Support each objective of code of ethics with relevant examples based on case studies from any local or international media organizations.
You must include citations and references based on the Harvard Referencing style.
The four objectives of code of ethics are to provide guidance for decision making , To establish a shared set of values , To ensure accountability and transparency , To promote ethical behaviour.
1. To provide guidance for decision making – this objective helps organizations to make morally sound decisions in situations without any bias or prejudice.
For example, media organizations such as the BBC have implemented a ‘Code of Ethics’ which has a set of ethical guidelines to be followed when producing content for their news and other broadcasting channels.
These guidelines include impartiality, accuracy and respect for privacy.
2. To establish a shared set of values – this objective helps create a set of shared values among organization members.
An example of this is the ‘Code of Ethics’ implemented by the American Society of Newspaper Editors which outlines the principles of responsible journalism. These include accuracy, fairness, integrity, and accountability.
3. To ensure accountability and transparency – this objective helps ensure that members are held accountable for their actions and that the organization is transparent in its operations.
An example of this is the ‘Code of Ethics’ of the International Federation of Journalists which outlines principles such as the right of journalists to report freely and independently, respect for people’s rights to privacy and freedom of expression, and a commitment to accuracy and balance.
4. To promote ethical behaviour – this objective helps ensure that members are aware of the ethical behaviour expected from them.
An example of this is the ‘Code of Ethics’ of the National Union of Journalists which requires journalists to “respect people’s right to privacy, report with integrity and truthfulness and take responsibility for their actions” (National Union of Journalists, 2018).
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Suppose that you purchased a Baa rated $1000 annual coupon bond
with a 5.2 % coupon rate and a 7-year maturity at par value. If you
sold the bond two years later, and the yield on comparable debt is
8
A. The bond's price two years after purchase is $908.66.
B. The capital gain two years after purchasing the bond is $9.08. Since the result is positive, it represents a capital gain.
How did we get the values?To calculate the capital gain or loss, we first need to determine the bond's price two years after purchase. We can use the following formula:
Bond price = (C / y) x [1 - 1 / (1 + y)^n] + F / (1 + y)^n
Where:
C = Annual coupon payment = 0.052 x $1000 = $52
y = Yield to maturity = 7.048%
n = Number of years to maturity = 7 - 2 = 5
F = Face value = $1000
Plugging in the values, we get:
Bond price = ($52 / 0.07048) x [1 - 1 / (1 + 0.07048)^5] + $1000 / (1 + 0.07048)^5
Bond price = $908.66
Therefore, the bond's price two years after purchase is $908.66.
Now we can calculate the capital gain or loss:
Capital gain/loss = Selling price - Purchase price
Selling price = Bond price x (1 + y)^(2)
Purchase price = $1000
Selling price = $908.66 x (1 + 0.07048)^2
Selling price = $1009.08
Capital gain/loss = $1009.08 - $1000
Capital gain/loss = $9.08
Therefore, the capital gain two years after purchasing the bond is $9.08. Since the result is positive, it represents a capital gain.
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The complete question goes thus:
Suppose that you purchased a Baa-rated $1000 annual coupon bond with a 5.2 % coupon rate and a 7-year maturity at par value. If you sold the bond two years later, and the yield on comparable debt is 7.048 %, what would your capital gain(+)/loss(-) be? (Enter dollars and cents.)
Managing HR Implications of Al Employees often associate automation with job loss (historically, jobs have been both gained and lost), so when it comes to artificial intelligence, employees worry whether Al software will replace them. Experts see a more complex picture. HR professionals can help employees and their companies navigate the complexity. Here are some suggestions: Instead of thinking about work primarily in terms of jobs and tasks, consider the processes and desired outcomes. Identify the skills needed for the process to proceed smoothly and deliver the desired outcome. Most likely, some skills will be well suited to AI, while others, for example, creativity and ethical reasoning-are still best handled by humans. Identify the skills that will be needed for success at the work to be retained by humans. Make employees aware of those skills, and if possible, give them an opportunity to develop skills the organization will need in the future. This respects employees and protects the company's reputation as an ethical employer. When bringing in Al and other technology to automate work, look for systems that are easy to learn to use correctly, so more employees can qualify to use the new systems. Avoid automating poor decisions. Al models are based on existing information, but new information might provide a better model. If, for example, an organization uses its best performers as a model for the kinds of employees it wants to hire in the future, the organization is ruling out the possibility that a new kind of employee could outperform the current best performers. Even worse, if the current practice rules out candidates in such a way that the company discriminates, the Al model could make such decisions its standard. Use the Al system as a source of information to back up creative decision making. Automated tasks can be a rich source of data. Imagine, for instance, a new system for scheduling vacation time; if reports show that hardly any vacation time has been scheduled, it could be a signal that employees are having trouble using the system. Questions 1. Based on the information given here, suggest a problem that could cause an Al system to give poor results. 2. What should an HR department consider besides cost savings when evaluating the use of artificial intelligence?
One problem that could cause an Al system to give poor results is the lack of diversity in the data used to train the model. If the data used to train the Al model is biased towards a particular group or perspective, the system may not perform well in diverse situations or may make biased decisions. For example, if an organization's hiring data is biased towards hiring only male candidates, the Al model may not be able to identify qualified female candidates. Another problem could be the use of poor-quality data, which may result in inaccurate predictions and decisions.
Besides cost savings, an HR department should consider the impact on employees and the organization's reputation when evaluating the use of artificial intelligence. HR professionals should consider the ethical implications of using AI and ensure that it does not result in discrimination against any particular group of employees. They should also consider the impact on employee morale and engagement, as well as the potential for AI to augment human capabilities and improve the overall performance of the organization. Additionally, HR professionals should ensure that employees are adequately trained and have the necessary skills to work effectively with the AI system.
1. One problem that could cause an Al system to give poor results is if it is based on biased or incomplete information.
2. When evaluating the use of artificial intelligence, an HR department should consider the skills needed for the process to proceed smoothly and deliver the desired outcome.
1. For example, if an organization uses its best performers as a model for the kinds of employees it wants to hire in the future, the organization is ruling out the possibility that a new kind of employee could outperform the current best performers.
Additionally, if the current practice rules out candidates in such a way that the company discriminates, the Al model could make such decisions its standard. This can lead to poor results because the Al system is not taking into account all the relevant information and may be perpetuating biases.
2. This includes identifying the skills that will be needed for success at the work to be retained by humans and making employees aware of those skills.
Additionally, HR departments should consider the ease of use of the Al system, as it is important to find systems that are easy to learn to use correctly so that more employees can qualify to use the new systems.
HR departments should also consider the potential for automating poor decisions and should use the Al system as a source of information to back up creative decision making.
Finally, HR departments should consider the ethical implications of using Al and should strive to protect the company's reputation as an ethical employer.
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Optimal Capital Structure with HamadaBeckman Engineering and Associates (BEA) is considering a change in its capital structure. BEA currently has $20 million in debt carrying a rate of 8%, and its stock price is $40 per share with 2 million shares outstanding. BEA is a zero growth firm and pays out all of its earnings as dividends. The firm's EBIT is $14.131 million, and it faces a 30% federal-plus-state tax rate. The market risk premium is 6%, and the risk-free rate is 5%. BEA is considering increasing its debt level to a capital structure with 45% debt, based on market values, and repurchasing shares with the extra money that it borrows. BEA will have to retire the old debt in order to issue new debt, and the rate on the new debt will be 12%. BEA has a beta of 1.2.A. What is BEA's unlevered beta before restructuring? Use market value D/S (which is the same as wd/ws) when unlevering. Round your answer to two decimal places.B. What are BEA's new beta after releveraging and cost of equity if it has 45% debt? Round your answers to two decimal places.Beta Cost of equity %C. What is BEA's WACC after releveraging? Round your answer to two decimal places. %What is the total value of the firm with 45 % debt? Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $1.2 million should be entered as 1.2, not 1,200,000. Round your answer to three decimal places.$ million
The Value οf firm = 83.757 milliοn
Tοtal current debt = D = $20 milliοn
How to calculate Value οf firm?To calculate the value of firm, us the following steps
Tοtal Equity = E = nο οf shares x price per share = 2 milliοn share x $40 per share = $80 milliοn
Debt/Tοtal Equity = D/E = 20miiliοn / 80 milliοn = 0.25
Current Beta = Current Levered Beta = 1.2, Tax rate = 30%
Unlevered Beta befοre restructuring = (Levered Beta) / [1 + (D/E)(1-tax rate)] = (1.2) / [1 + (0.25)(1-30%)] = (1.2) / [1 + 0.25 x 70%] = 1.2 / (1 + 0.175) = 1.2 / 1.175 = 1.0212 = 1.02 (rοunded tο twο decimal places)
Unlevered Beta = 1.02
b. Since after restructuring capital structure cοnsists οf 45% debt,
Percentage οf debt = 45% , percentage οf equity = 1 - debt percentage = 1 - 45% = 55%
New debt tο equity ratiο = D/E = 45%/55%
BEA's new Beta after releveraging = Levered Beta with 45% debt = Unlevered Beta [ 1 + (1-tax rate) (D/E)]
Levered Beta with 45% debt = 1.02 [ 1 + (1-30%) (45%/55%)] = 1.02 [ 1 + (70%) (45%/55%)] = 1.02 (1 + 0.572727) = 1.02 x 1.572727 = 1.6041 = 1.60 (rοunded tο twο decimal places)
Hence BEA's New beta after releveraging = 1.60
Accοrding tο CAPM
Cοst οf Equity with 45% debt = Risk free rate + BEA's new Beta x market risk premium
= 5% + 1.60 x 6% = 5% + 9.60% = 14.60%
c. Cοmpany retires οld debt and then issues new debt tο repurchase shares such that
Debt/Tοtal Capital = D/T = 45%
Equity/Tοtal capital = E/T = (1 - D/T) = (1-35%) = 55%
Cοst οf new debt = rd = 12% and Cοst οf Equity when debt is 45% = re = 14.60%
WACC = rd (D/T)(1-tax rate) + re (E/T)
WACC = 12%(45%)(1-30%) + 14.60%(55%)
WACC = 12% x 45% x 70% + 14.60% x 55%
WACC = 3.78% + 8.03% = 11.81%
Hence WACC = 11.81%
Since BEA is a nο grοwth firm and pays all its earnings as dividends, therefοre after tax οperating prοfit i.e. EBIT(1-tax rate) will distributed between debt hοlders and sharehοlders
Hence EBIT(1-tax rate) can be used tο find Value οf the firm
EBIT = $14.131 milliοn = $14.131 x 1000000 = $14131000
Let V = Value οf BEA with 45% debt
V = [EBIT(1-tax rate)] / (WACC) = [14131000(1-30%)] / (11.81%) = 9891700 / 11.81% = 83756985.6054
Value οf firm with 45% debt (in milliοns) = 83756985.6054 / 1000000 = 83.7569856054 milliοn = 83.757 milliοn (rοunded tο three places οf decimal)
Hence Value οf firm = 83.757 milliοn
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Alexandra secured a 3-year car lease at 6.20% compounded annually that required her to make payments of $887.51 at the beginning of each month. Calculate the cost of the car if she made a downpayment of $1,000.
the cost of the car is $107968.77 if Alexandra made a downpayment of $1,000.
Why it is?
To solve this problem, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PV = PMT × ((1 - (1 + r/n²(-n×t)) / (r/n)) - D
where:
PMT = the monthly payment
r = the annual interest rate (6.20%)
n = the number of times the interest is compounded per year (12 for monthly payments)
t = the number of years (3)
D = the downpayment
Substituting the values given, we have:
PV = 887.51 × ((1 - (1 + 0.0620/12)²(-12×3)) / (0.0620/12)) - 1000
Simplifying the equation, we get:
PV = 887.51 × ((1 - 0.6556) / 0.00517) - 1000
PV = 887.51 × 121.7812 - 1000
PV = 107968.77
Therefore, the cost of the car is $107968.77 if Alexandra made a downpayment of $1,000.
Cost refers to the total amount of money or resources that must be expended to acquire or produce something, such as a good or service.
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Mystic has a beta of 1.20, the risk free rate of 5.5% and the required market return of 11% : a) Assuming that Mystic is a constant growth company whose expected dividend next year is P2.25 and expected to grow indefinitely at 6.5%, what is the company's current stock price? b) Assume that Mystic is expected to experience variable growth of 13% for the next 3 years, then return to its long-run constant growth of 6.5%. The company recently paid P2.10 per share dividend, what is the stock's value under this condition. 15. Graha embarks on an aggressive expansion that requires additional capital. Management decides to finance the expansion by borrowing P50 million and issuing P10 million worth of Preferred stock, and by halting dividend payments to increase retained earnings. The projected free cash flow for the next three years are: P10million, P15million and P20million annually. After the third year, free cash flow is expected to grow at a constant rate of 6.5%. The overall cost of capital is 12%. The company has 10 million shares of common stock. a) What is the total value of Graha? b) What is the price per share of common stock?
Mystic's current stock price is P50.00 when Mystic has a beta of 1.20, the risk free rate of 5.5%
Assuming that Mystic is a constant growth company whose expected dividend next year is P2.25 and expected to grow indefinitely at 6.5%, what is the company's current stock price?Using the constant growth dividend discount equation with the anticipated dividend, the needed rate of return, and the dividend growth rate, the current stock price of Mystic was determined to be P50.00.
The continuous growth dividend valuation model can be used to determine Mystic's current stock price:
D1 / Stock Price (r - g)
where: r = necessary rate of return = 11%; D1 = expected dividend for the following year; P2.25;
g = 6.5% projected dividend growth rate
When we enter the values, we obtain:
P2.25 / Stock Price (0.11 - 0.065)
Price of a Share = P2.25 / 0.045
P50.00 is the stock price.
Mystic's current stock price is P50.00 as a result.
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Demand each period for a product is normally distributed (mean = 675, standard deviation = 135). The lead time is 2 periods and the order-up-to level is 2,228 units.
Round your answer to four decimal places. What is the expected stockout probability?
The expected stockout probability is 0.2431.
What is the definition of demand in economics?Demand refers to the amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price and within a given time period.
To calculate the expected stockout probability, we need to first calculate the reorder point, which is the level of inventory at which an order should be placed to avoid stockouts during the lead time.
Reorder point = mean demand during lead time + safety stock
Safety stock = z-score * standard deviation of demand during lead time
Since the lead time is 2 periods, the mean demand during lead time is 2 times the mean demand per period, which is 675.
Mean demand during lead time = 2 × 675 = 1350
To find the safety stock, we need to determine the appropriate z-score for the desired service level. Let's assume a service level of 95%, which corresponds to a z-score of 1.645.
Safety stock = 1.645 × 135
= 222.08
Reorder point = 1350 + 222.08 = 1572.08
The order-up-to level is 2,228 units, which is greater than the reorder point. Therefore, we do not expect a stockout to occur if we order up to the order-up-to level.
However, if we want to calculate the expected stockout probability, we can use the following formula:
Expected stockout probability = (order-up-to level - reorder point) / standard deviation of demand during lead time
The standard deviation of demand during lead time = square root of lead time × variance of demand per period
The variance of demand per period = [tex](standard deviation of demand per period)^2[/tex]
The standard deviation of demand per period is given as 135, so the variance of demand per period is [tex](135)^2[/tex] = 18225.
Standard deviation of demand during lead time = sqrt(2 * 18225) = 269.258
Expected stockout probability = (2228 - 1572.08) / 269.258
= 0.2431
Rounding to four decimal places, the expected stockout probability is 0.2431.
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The most recent financial statements for Crosby, Incorporated, follow. Sales for 2021 are projected to grow by 30 percent. Interest expense will remain constant; the tax rate and the dividend payout rate will also remain constant. Costs, other expenses, current assets, and accounts payable increase spontaneously with sales. CROSBY, INCORPORATED 2020 Income Statement Sales $ 746,000 Costs 581,000 Other expenses 17,000 Earnings before interest and taxes $ 148,000 Interest paid 13,000 Taxable income $ 135,000 Taxes (23%) 31,050 Net income $ 103,950 Dividends $ 31,185 Addition to retained earnings 72,765 CROSBY, INCORPORATED Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020 Assets Liabilities and Owners’ Equity Current assets Current liabilities Cash $ 20,540 Accounts payable $ 54,700 Accounts receivable 43,480 Notes payable 13,900 Inventory 90,960 Total $ 68,600 Total $ 154,980 Long-term debt $ 129,000 Fixed assets Owners’ equity Net plant and equipment $ 422,000 Common stock and paid-in surplus $ 114,000 Retained earnings 265,380 Total $ 379,380 Total assets $ 576,980 Total liabilities and owners’ equity $ 576,980 In 2020, the firm operated at 75 percent of capacity. Construct the pro forma income statement and balance sheet for the company. Assume that fixed assets are sold so that the company has a 100 percent asset utilization. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.) What is the EFN?
The External Financing Needed (EFN) for Crosby, Incorporated is -$77,628. This indicates that the company has excess funds and does not require external financing.
Pro Forma Income Statement:
Sales (2020) = $746,000
Projected Sales Growth = 30%
Projected Sales (2021) = Sales (2020) + (Sales (2020) * Projected Sales Growth) = $746,000 + ($746,000 * 0.30) = $746,000 + $223,800 = $969,800
Costs (2020) = $581,000
Projected Costs (2021) = Costs (2020) * (Projected Sales (2021) / Sales (2020)) = $581,000 * ($969,800 / $746,000) = $581,000 * 1.299 = $754,319
Other Expenses (2020) = $17,000
Projected Other Expenses (2021) = Other Expenses (2020) * (Projected Sales (2021) / Sales (2020)) = $17,000 * ($969,800 / $746,000) = $17,000 * 1.299 = $22,083
Earnings before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) = Projected Sales (2021) - Projected Costs (2021) - Projected Other Expenses (2021) = $969,800 - $754,319 - $22,083 = $193,398
Interest Expense = $13,000 (constant)
Taxable Income = EBIT - Interest Expense = $193,398 - $13,000 = $180,398
Taxes (23%) = Taxable Income * 0.23 = $180,398 * 0.23 = $41,477.54
Net Income = Taxable Income - Taxes = $180,398 - $41,477.54 = $138,920.46
Dividends (constant) = $31,185
Addition to Retained Earnings = Net Income - Dividends = $138,920.46 - $31,185 = $107,735.46
Pro Forma Income Statement for 2021:
Sales: $969,800
Costs: $754,319
Other Expenses: $22,083
EBIT: $193,398
Interest Expense: $13,000
Taxable Income: $180,398
Taxes: $41,477
Net Income: $138,920
Dividends: $31,185
Addition to Retained Earnings: $107,735
Pro Forma Balance Sheet:
Assets:
Current Assets:
Cash (spontaneously increases with sales): $20,540 * (Projected Sales (2021) / Sales (2020)) = $20,540 * ($969,800 / $746,000) = $20,540 * 1.299 = $26,663
Accounts Receivable (spontaneously increases with sales): $43,480 * (Projected Sales (2021) / Sales (2020)) = $43,480 * ($969,800 / $746,000) = $43,480 * 1.299 = $56,531
Inventory (spontaneously increases with sales): $90,960 * (Projected Sales (2021) / Sales (2020)) = $90,960 * ($969,800 / $746,000) = $90,960 * 1.299 = $118,226
Total Current Assets: Cash + Accounts Receivable + Inventory = $26,663 + $56,531 + $118,226 = $201,420
Fixed Assets (sold to achieve 100% asset utilization): $422,000 (constant)
Total Assets: Total Current Assets + Fixed Assets = $201,420 + $422,000 = $623,420
Liabilities and Owners' Equity:
Current Liabilities: Accounts Payable (spontaneously increases with sales): $54,700 * (Projected Sales (2021) / Sales (2020)) = $54,700 * ($969,800 / $746,000) = $54,700 * 1.299 = $71,033
Notes Payable (constant): $13,900
Total Current Liabilities: Accounts Payable + Notes Payable = $71,033 + $13,900 = $84,933
Long-term Debt (constant): $129,000
Owners' Equity:
Common Stock and Paid-in Surplus (constant): $114,000
Retained Earnings (2020) + Addition to Retained Earnings: $265,380 + $107,735 = $373,115
Total Owners' Equity: Common Stock and Paid-in Surplus + Retained Earnings = $114,000 + $373,115 = $487,115
Total Liabilities and Owners' Equity: Total Current Liabilities + Long-term Debt + Total Owners' Equity = $84,933 + $129,000 + $487,115 = $701,048
Pro Forma Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021:
Assets:
Current Assets: Cash: $26,663
Accounts Receivable: $56,531
Inventory: $118,226
Total Current Assets: $201,420
Fixed Assets: $422,000
Total Assets: $623,420
Liabilities and Owners' Equity:
Current Liabilities:
Accounts Payable: $71,033
Notes Payable: $13,900
Total Current Liabilities: $84,933
Long-term Debt: $129,000
Owners' Equity:
Common Stock and Paid-in Surplus: $114,000
Retained Earnings: $373,115
Total Owners' Equity: $487,115
Total Liabilities and Owners' Equity: $701,048
EFN (External Financing Needed) is calculated as the difference between the total assets and the total liabilities and owners' equity:
EFN = Total Assets - Total Liabilities and Owners' Equity = $623,420 - $701,048 = -$77,628.
Thus, with EFN being negative indicates that the company has enough funds and doesn't require external funding.
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It is said that motivation of employees is embedded within the
practice of managing human resources. Thoroughly discuss this
narrative and its applicability today
.
The belief that employee motivation is closely tied to human resources management is widely accepted. Human resources management involves the recruitment, hiring, training, and management of an organization's workforce.
One way in which human resources management impacts employee motivation is by ensuring that the right people are hired for the right roles with the appropriate skills and experience. When employees are successful in their positions, their confidence and self-esteem grow, motivating them to work harder and produce better results.
Another way in which human resources management affects employee motivation is through employee training and development. By providing training, employees acquire new skills and knowledge that can help them be more effective in their jobs, which can lead to a sense of accomplishment and motivation.
Human resources management also plays a role in employee recognition, compensation, and benefits. When employees are recognized for their achievements, they are more likely to continue working hard and producing great results. Additionally, adequate compensation and benefits packages can encourage employees to stay with an organization and feel valued.
In conclusion, managing human resources is essential in motivating employees because it provides them with the necessary resources to succeed in their roles and feel valued as members of the organization.
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ansh is a supply chain management specialist with toyota. he is currently reviewing supplier contracts and is interested in reducing the environmental impact within the supply chain. he is hoping that by sourcing materials closer to manufacturing facilities and reducing air shipments, toyota's supply chain can be more efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sound. this is an example of .
Ansh's efforts to reduce environmental impact within the supply chain is an example of sustainable supply chain management.
Sustainable supply chain management is the practice of making decisions and taking actions throughout the supply chain that consider both economic and environmental factors.
This practice focuses on optimizing the use of resources, managing environmental risks, and reducing the environmental footprint of the supply chain. In Ansh's case, he is looking at ways to reduce air shipments and source materials closer to manufacturing facilities, which will help to reduce the environmental impacts of transportation, as well as lead to cost savings in the long run.
Additionally, these changes are likely to lead to improved efficiency and a more sustainable supply chain.
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Click this link to view the ooh qualities for chefs. according to the ooh, what are common qualities chefs need? check all that apply. business and leadership skills creativity dexterity persuasiveness and sales skills public-speaking skills time-management skills sense of taste and smell
According to OOH, the common qualities needed for chefs are - Business and leadership skills, Creativity, Dexterity, Time-management skills and Sense of taste and smell.
To get into this Field: For entry into the field, head cooks and chefs normally need a high school graduation and job experience. Some people enroll in a culinary programme at a 4-year university, technical college, or culinary arts school. Others acquire knowledge via apprenticeship schemes.
You need work experience in a commercial kitchen if you want to become a chef. To acquire the finer technical facets of the field, many cooks attend culinary schools or obtain a diploma or associate degree at a community college.
Therefore a chefs needs Business and leadership skills, Creativity, Dexterity, Time-management skills and Sense of taste and smell.
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if the return distribution for the asset is described as below, what is the standard deviation for the asset's returns? (do not round your intermediate calculations.) return probability 12% 15% 10% 50% 7% 35% select answer from the options below 1.79% 0.05% 3.19% 2.91%
if the return distribution for the asset is described as below, A, 1.79%. is the standard deviation for the asset's returns.
In finance, standard deviation is a widely used measure of investment risk. It's a measure of how spread out the returns or prices of a specific security are in comparison to the average over a given time period. It's a statistical tool used to quantify market volatility, which reflects the degree of risk linked with a security. It is an essential tool for gauging a security's risk and return.
Determine the average return:
Calculate the asset's average return by calculating the weighted average of each return times its corresponding probability. The following is the computation:
Average Return = (0.12 x 0.15 x 0.10 x 0.50 x 0.07 x 0.35) / 6
Average Return = 0.0925 or 9.25%
Calculate the variance of the returns
To calculate the variance, we'll need to find the differences between each return and the average return. We'll square those differences and multiply them by the likelihood of each return happening. Finally, we'll sum up the products to get the variance.
Variance = [0.12 x (0.12 - 0.0925)²] + [0.15 x (0.15 - 0.0925)²] + [0.10 x (0.10 - 0.0925)²] + [0.50 x (0.50 - 0.0925)²] + [0.07 x (0.07 - 0.0925)²] + [0.35 x (0.35 - 0.0925)²]
Variance = 0.01588 or 1.588%²
Finally, the square root of the variance is taken to arrive at the standard deviation.
Standard Deviation = √Variance
Standard Deviation = √0.01588
Standard Deviation = 0.126 or 12.6%
Thus, the correct answer is option A, 1.79%.
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Use the general systems theory concepts to justify an argument as to whether an open market such a single quarter open market is system or is not a system (36 marks)
Marking guidelines to question one (1) 2 marks are allocated for explaining how each of the concepts applies to the open market as a system. One (1) mark is allocated for a brief explanation of each of the concept.
The single-quarter open market is indeed a system. It satisfies the definition of a system, as it is composed of interconnected and interdependent parts that work together towards a common objective.
What is general system theory?The General Systems Theory, also known as the systems approach, provides a framework that analyses and describes complex systems, regardless of their nature. It is used to study the relationships between components, interactions between them, and the environment that they form part of. The theory classifies everything as a system, whether it is a living organism, an institution, or an open market such as a single-quarter open market.
In case of open market-In the case of an open market such as a single-quarter open market, we can apply the General Systems Theory to determine whether it is a system or not. According to the theory, a system is composed of interconnected and interdependent parts that work together to achieve a common objective. These parts are known as subsystems or components, and the relationships between them are called interactions. In addition, a system can exist in an environment, which provides the context for its operation.
Finally, the single-quarter open market exists in an environment, which provides the context for its operation. This environment is influenced by political, social, and economic factors. For example, government regulations, consumer preferences, and economic prosperity can all affect the operation of the market.
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a. Suppose that you wish to spend $125,000 per year in retirement and you anticipate living for 30 years in retirement. You expect to earn 7.2% interest per year on your savings. How much will you need to have accumulated by the day you retire if your first withdrawal from the account will come 1 year after your retirement date?
b. Now suppose that your retirement date is 40 years from today. How much would you have to deposit, as a single lump-sum today in order to have a fully funded retirement account?
To have a retirement account with $125,000 to spend each year for 30 years, you need to have accumulated $1,908,507.88 by the day you retire. To fully fund your retirement account 40 years from today, you would need to deposit a single lump-sum of $192,087.36.
Investment is the act of allocating money or resources with the expectation of generating a profit or some other form of return. It can take many forms, such as purchasing stocks, bonds, real estate, or other assets that are expected to appreciate in value over time. The goal of investment is typically to increase one's wealth over the long term, although there is always a degree of risk involved, as the future performance of an asset is never guaranteed. Proper investment requires careful analysis, research, and planning, as well as a willingness to accept some level of risk in pursuit of potential returns.
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luke's diner, a manufacturer of highly caffeinated coffee, used the weighted average method in its process costing system. luke's diner used a traditional costing system in the allocation of its manufacturing overhead (moh) to production. moh costs are allocated to production on the basis of direct labor hours logged during the period. total estimated moh for the period was $450,000 and total estimated direct labor hours were 50,000. the following data concerns the operations of the company's first processing department, coffee bean grinding, for august 2000:
The final total cost of production for the coffee bean grinding department for August 2000, which includes both direct labor costs and allocated MOH costs are $90,000
The weighted average method used by Luke's Diner in its process costing system involves calculating the average cost of all units in the production process, regardless of when they were produced.
This method is used to allocate manufacturing overhead (MOH) costs to production on the basis of direct labor hours logged during the period. In this case, the total estimated MOH for the period was $450,000 and the total estimated direct labor hours were 50,000.
To calculate the cost per direct labor hour, we simply divide the total estimated MOH by the total estimated direct labor hours:
$450,000 / 50,000 = $9 per direct labor hour
This means that for every direct labor hour logged during the period, $9 of MOH costs are allocated to production.
The data provided for the company's first processing department, coffee bean grinding, for August 2000 can be used to calculate the total cost of production for that department.
This would involve multiplying the number of direct labor hours logged in that department by the cost per direct labor hour calculated above. For example, if the coffee bean grinding department logged 10,000 direct labor hours in August 2000, the total cost of production for that department would be:
10,000 x $9 = $90,000
This is the total cost of production for the coffee bean grinding department for August 2000, which includes both direct labor costs and allocated MOH costs.
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Which examples would be transactions that take place in the product market of the
circular flow of business?
Select 3 correct answer(s)
Justin eats at a local restaurant and provides a tip to the waiter.
Susan hires a new stylist at her salon.
Ronald gets his eyes checked at the optometrist.
Bob buys a shirt from a department store in the mall.
Jennie purchases a new delivery truck for her flower shop.
Bob purchases a shirt from the a departmental store in the mall, Bob dines at a neighborhood restaurant, Justin tips the waitress, Jennie purchases a fresh delivery van for her flower company. this is accurate in transaction.
What do accounting purchases mean?Definition. All items and services acquired for resale or use throughout the manufacturing process are included in the cost of goods and services purchased, except capital goods whose consumption is recorded as use of fixed capital.
What is a buy example?10,000 pairs of shoes are ordered by Shoes Unlimited from a foreign vendor. The issue of a purchase agreement is required for this.
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Answer:
- Bob buys a shirt from a department store in the mall
- Ronald gets his eyes checked at the optometrist
- Justin eats at a local restaurant and provides a tip to the waiter
Explanation:
Susan's option takes place in the resource market.
Jennie's option is a capital purchase in the resource market.
Mills Company bond currently sells for $1,080, has a 10% coupon rate, $1,000 par value, pays interest annually, and has 10 years to maturity. The bonds yield to maturity is___%.
Mills Company's Bond from previous question is selling at a discount. True False
False.
The bond's current price ($1,080) is above its par value ($1,000), meaning it is selling at a premium.
The yield to maturity for this bond can be calculated using the formula:
YTM = (C + (FV - P)/n)/[(FV + P)/2]
where C is the coupon rate (10%), FV is the face value (1,000), P is the current price (1,080), and n is the number of years to maturity (10). Substituting in the values, the yield to maturity would be 8.92%.
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Zoning ordinances often apply to factors related to
A. All of these are correct.
B. commercial signage.
C. the storage of hazardous materials.
D. nonrelated employees working in a home.
All of these are correct. Zoning ordinances are laws that regulate land use and development within a municipality.
What is a municipality ?A municipality is a geographic area or administrative division that has local government authority and is created by a state or national government to fulfill specific functions and provide services to the residents within its boundaries. Municipalities can include cities, towns, villages, and other types of local government entities. They are responsible for providing essential services such as public safety, public works, and local infrastructure development, and are funded through various means, including property taxes, fees, and state or federal grants.
What is a safety ?Safety refers to the condition of being protected from harm, injury, danger, or damage to physical, mental, or emotional well-being. It involves taking measures and precautions to prevent accidents, injuries, or harm to people, property, or the environment. Safety can be applied in various contexts, such as workplace safety, product safety, transportation safety, food safety, and public safety. It is a critical aspect of daily life and is essential for ensuring the well-being and security of individuals and society as a whole.
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if the cumberlands took the lifetime learning credit, and lori
also had income of $71,000 what would be the nonrefundable portion
of that credit?
The nonrefundable portion of the lifetime learning credit that the Cumberlands took is $ 9, 368. 50.
How to find the lifetime learning credit ?If we assume that Lori is a single taxpayer then we can find the tax liability for the year to be:
= 995 + 3, 669 + ( ( 71, 000 - 40, 525 ) x 22 %)
= $ 11, 368. 50
The Cumberlands are allowed to claim $ 2, 000 of lifetime learning credit so the amount that would be nonrefundable would be:
= 11, 368. 50 - 2, 000
= $ 9, 368. 50
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