The cost of advertising during a popular talk show is quoted as $5,000. The show reaches about 400,000 people in the primary target audience. The cost per thousand for the program is therefore_____

When your child graduates from college, your life insurance needs will likely decrease. So, option B. is correct.

This is because life insurance is typically used to provide financial security for your dependents in case of your untimely death. When your child graduates from college, they are more likely to be financially independent and no longer reliant on your income. Therefore, your need for life insurance to protect your child financially would decrease.

However, it's important to note that life insurance needs vary for each individual and can depend on various factors such as other dependents, outstanding debts, and long-term financial goals. While the need for life insurance may decrease after your child graduates, you may still require some level of coverage to protect other dependents or cover outstanding debts.

In summary, after your child graduates from college, your life insurance needs will typically decrease, but it is essential to assess your unique financial situation to determine the appropriate level of coverage for your needs.

So, option B. is correct.

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The most likely explanation for why Pioneer and JVC did not simply raise their prices to increase profits is intense competition  between these two major producers probably pushed prices down. The correct option is  A

These two major producers probably pushed prices down, and as a result, each feared that it would lose its customers to the other if it raised its prices.

This scenario can result in a price war where firms keep lowering prices until there are no profits to be earned. Therefore, the firms chose to cut prices to remain competitive and maintain their market share.

This move to cut prices may be temporary to gain market share in the short run, but in the long run, the firms will likely raise prices & increase their profits once they have established their market dominance.

In perfect competition, prices are determined by the market, firms have little control over them. In this case, the firms are still making profits, just not as high as expected, so there may be room to lower prices.

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Among the options given, the generally viewed as the most risky entry strategy is (B) new, fully-owned subsidiaries. The correct option is b).

New, fully-owned subsidiaries require a high level of investment and commitment by the parent company, and they are typically subject to a greater degree of political and economic risk in the foreign market. As a result, this entry strategy can be more risky than other strategies, such as joint ventures or turnkey operations, which may involve lower levels of investment and risk-sharing with local partners.

While turnkey operations involve the transfer of technology and expertise to a foreign partner, the parent company typically has limited involvement in the long-term operation of the facility. International joint ventures involve the sharing of risk and resources with local partners, which can help to mitigate some of the risks associated with a new market entry. Service sector outsourcing involves contracting with a third-party provider to perform specific business functions, which can help to reduce the risks associated with in-house operations.

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A complete portfolio is a combination of a risky asset and a risk-free asset. The first client, who is looking to achieve an expected return of 8% while limiting risk, is more risk averse.

The proportion of the investment allocated to each asset is determined by the investor's risk preference and desired level of return. In this case, the client wants to invest in a complete portfolio with an expected rate of return of 8%, using a risky portfolio with an expected return of 11% and a standard deviation of 15%, and a risk-free asset with a rate of return of 5%. To determine the proportion of the investment allocated to the risky portfolio, we can use the following formula:

Expected return on complete portfolio = Proportion invested in risky portfolio × Expected return on risky portfolio + Proportion invested in risk-free asset × Risk-free rate

0.08 = P × 0.11 + (1 - P) × 0.05

Solving for P, we get:

P = (0.08 - 0.05) / (0.11 - 0.05) = 0.5

Therefore, the client should invest 50% of her budget in the risky portfolio and 50% in the risk-free asset.

The standard deviation of the complete portfolio can be calculated using the following formula:

σc = P × σp

where σc is the standard deviation of the complete portfolio, P is the proportion invested in the risky portfolio, and σp is the standard deviation of the risky portfolio.

Substituting the values, we get:

σc = 0.5 × 0.15 = 0.075 or 7.5%

Therefore, the standard deviation of the rate of return on the client's complete portfolio is 7.5%.

Comparing the two clients, the client who wants the highest return subject to a constraint on standard deviation is less risk averse, as they are willing to take on more risk in exchange for a higher return. The first client, who is looking to achieve an expected return of 8% while limiting risk, is more risk averse.

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Under the most common accounting method in practice, when convertible bonds are converted into shares, the book value of the bonds and the related contributed surplus account are transferred to common shares. This means that the bond liability is removed from the balance sheet, and common shares are recorded at the market value of the bonds at the time of conversion. No gain or loss is recognized in the conversion process.

For example, if a company issued $1 million of convertible bonds that were later converted into common shares when the market value of the bonds was $1.2 million, the company would record the following entries:

Record the conversion of the bonds:

Debit Bonds Payable - Convertible $1,000,000

Credit Contributed Surplus $200,000

Credit Common Shares $1,200,000

Remove the bond liability:

Debit Bonds Payable - Convertible $1,000,000

Credit Contributed Surplus $1,000,000

After the conversion, the company would have an additional $200,000 in contributed surplus, which represents the difference between the market value of the bonds and the face value of the bonds. The number of common shares outstanding would also increase by the number of shares that were issued upon conversion.

When convertible bonds are converted into shares, the most common accounting method is to transfer the book value of the bonds and the related contributed surplus account to common shares.

The most common accounting method in practice for the conversion of convertible bonds into shares is to transfer the book value of the bonds and the related contributed surplus account to common shares. This means that the total amount of the bonds and the related contributed surplus are added to the common shares account in the balance sheet.

When convertible bonds are converted into shares, no gain or loss is recognized. The reason for this is that the conversion feature was already included in the initial pricing of the bonds, so there is no new transaction to record.

Therefore, the correct statement is: The book value of the bonds and the related contributed surplus account are transferred to common shares.

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Computer equipment was acquired at the beginning of the year at a cost of $33,750 has an estimated residual value of $2,000 and an estimated useful life of 5 years.

a. The depreciable cost is $31,750

b. The double-declining balance rate is 0.40 or 40%

c. The double-declining balance depreciation for the first year is $13,500.

a. To determine the depreciable cost, we need to subtract the estimated residual value from the original cost of the computer equipment.

Depreciable cost = Cost - Residual Value
Depreciable cost = $33,750 - $2,000
Depreciable cost = $31,750

b. To determine the double-declining balance rate, we need to first calculate the straight-line depreciation rate, which is:

Straight-line depreciation rate = 1 / Useful life
Straight-line depreciation rate = 1 / 5
Straight-line depreciation rate = 0.20 or 20%

The double-declining balance rate is twice the straight-line depreciation rate, so:

Double-declining balance rate = 2 x Straight-line depreciation rate
Double-declining balance rate = 2 x 0.20
Double-declining balance rate = 0.40 or 40%

c. To determine the double-declining-balance depreciation for the first year, we use the following formula:

Double-declining-balance depreciation = Beginning book value x Double-declining balance rate

In the first year, the beginning book value is the original cost of the equipment, since no depreciation has been taken yet.

Double-declining-balance depreciation (Year 1) = $33,750 x 0.40
Double-declining-balance depreciation (Year 1) = $13,500

Therefore, the double-declining-balance depreciation for the first year is $13,500.

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the shipping or logistics department is responsible for preparing the bill of lading, as it deals with the transportation of goods and related documentation. The credit department is not involved in this process.

the credit department typically does not prepare the bill of lading. The bill of lading is a legal document that serves as evidence of the contract of carriage between the shipper and the carrier, and it is usually prepared by the shipping department or the logistics department of the company.  the credit department is responsible for managing the credit and collection activities of the company. They review and approve credit applications, monitor customer accounts, and ensure timely payment of invoices. While the credit department may have some involvement in the shipping process, such as verifying the creditworthiness of the customer, their role does not typically include preparing the bill of lading.

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For Plan D, the total cost is $72,000 and the total benefit is $64,000. The marginal cost of Plan D is the difference in total cost between Plan D and the previous plan, which is $72,000 - $44,000 = $28,000.

The marginal benefit of Plan D is the difference in total benefit between Plan D and the previous plan, which is $64,000 - $52,000 = $12,000. Therefore, the answer is option A, $28,000 for marginal cost and $12,000 for marginal benefit. Marginal cost is the additional cost incurred to produce one additional unit of a good or service. In this case, to move from Plan C to Plan D, the total cost increases by $28,000 ($72,000 - $44,000), while the total benefit increases by $12,000 ($64,000 - $52,000).

Therefore, the marginal cost of moving from Plan C to Plan D is $28,000, and the marginal benefit is $12,000. This suggests that the additional cost of implementing Plan D outweighs the additional benefits gained, so it may not be economically efficient to pursue this option.

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Of the three options listed, shipping 95% of orders on time would be considered a measurable performance standard. This is because it is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

Responding to customer complaints within one day is also a measurable performance standard, but it is not specific enough as it does not define what constitutes a "complaint" and does not specify how quickly the issue needs to be resolved.

Reducing costs by 50% is not a measurable performance standard because it is not specific enough and does not have a time-bound component. A measurable performance standard should be quantifiable, trackable, and should allow for ongoing monitoring and evaluation of performance.

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The direct material purchases budget for tubing for the first quarter is as follows: December: $42,720, January: $34,080, February: $34,560, March: $29,280.

To prepare the direct material purchases budget for tubing for the first quarter, we need to calculate the total amount of tubing required for production, as well as the amount of tubing needed for ending inventory, and then determine the total amount of tubing that needs to be purchased.

Step 1: Calculate the total tubing required for production for each month:

Step 2: Calculate the tubing needed for ending inventory for each month:

Step 3: Calculate the total tubing needed for production and ending inventory for each month:

Step 4: Calculate the total amount of tubing to be purchased each month by subtracting the beginning inventory (which is given as sufficient for January) from the total tubing needed:

Step 5: Calculate the total cost of tubing to be purchased each month by multiplying the amount of tubing needed by the cost per foot:

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The current period's entry to record the warranty expense is: Debit Estimated Warranty Liability $7,960 credit Warranty Expense $7,960. This entry reflects the estimated 4% of sales that the company expects to incur in warranty expenses for the current period based on its sales of $199,000.

The company estimates that warranty expense will be 4%  of sales, and the current period's sales are $199,000.

To calculate the warranty expense, multiply the sales by the warranty expense percentage:

Warranty expense = Sales * Warranty expense percentage
Warranty expense = $199,000 * 4%

Now, we will determine the correct journal entry to record the warranty expense.

Debit Warranty Expense $7,960 credit Estimated Warranty Liability $7,960.

1. Calculate the warranty expense: $199,000 * 4% = $7,960.
2. Record the journal entry: Debit Warranty Expense for $7,960 and credit Estimated Warranty Liability for $7,960.

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The description that best fits a defined benefit plan is d: "Provides fixed income to the plan participants based on a formula."

A defined benefit plan is a type of retirement plan where the employer guarantees a specific retirement benefit to the employee based on a formula that takes into account the employee's salary history and years of service. The benefit is usually paid out in the form of a monthly pension, and the employer bears the investment risk and is responsible for funding the plan to ensure that there are sufficient assets to pay the promised benefits.

This is different from a defined contribution plan, such as a 401(k), where the distribution amount is determined by the contributions made by both the employee and employer, and the investment risk is borne by the employee. The other options do not describe a defined benefit plan.

Option d is answer.

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To get procurement proposals for 1000 pieces from each supplier, you must maintain a quota arrangement with both vendors that allows for a split purchase order.

The quota arrangement is an instrument used in sourcing administration. A quota arrangement divides the total requirement of a material over a period among certain sources of supply by assigning a quota to each source. The quota specifies which portion of the total requirement should be procured from a given source.

This means that the system should be set up to split the total quantity required (2000 pieces) into two separate purchase orders of 1000 pieces each, one for each vendor. Additionally, you must ensure that both vendors have sufficient inventory or production capacity to fulfill their portion of the order.

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The statement given "The global information security community has universally agreed with the justification for the code of practices as identified in the ISO/IEC 17799." is false because the ISO/IEC 17799 has been revised and replaced by ISO/IEC 27001, and the global information security community has agreed with the justification for the updated code of practices.

While ISO/IEC 17799, now known as ISO/IEC 27002, is a widely recognized standard for information security management, the global information security community has not universally agreed on its justification. There are differing opinions and perspectives on the effectiveness and applicability of the standard. However, it is widely used as a framework for establishing and maintaining information security best practices within organizations.

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a. Cash flows from operating activities will remain the same. b. Cash flows from operating activities will decrease.

a. Purchased merchandise on credit: Cash flows from operating activities will remain the same, as this transaction does not involve any cash movement.

b. Paid an account payable in cash: Cash flows from operating activities will decrease, as cash is being used to pay an account payable.

c. Accrued payroll for the month but did not pay it: Cash flows from operating activities will remain the same, as this transaction only affects the accruals and not cash.

d. Borrowed money from the bank. The term of the note is 90 days: Cash flows from operating activities will remain the same, as borrowing money affects financing activities, not operating activities.

e. Reclassified a long-term note as a current liability: Cash flows from operating activities will remain the same, as this is a reclassification within liabilities and does not involve cash movement.

f. Paid accrued interest expense: Cash flows from operating activities will decrease, as cash is being used to pay the interest expense.

g. Disclosed a contingent liability based on a pending lawsuit: Cash flows from operating activities will remain the same, as disclosing a contingent liability does not involve cash movement.

h. Paid back the bank for money borrowed in (d): Cash flows from operating activities will remain the same, as this transaction affects financing activities, not operating activities.

i. Collected cash from a customer for services that will be performed in the next accounting period (i.e., deferred revenues are recorded): Cash flows from operating activities will increase, as cash is being received from the customer.

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According to a survey conducted by the Association of National Advertisers (ANA), companies tend to spend the most on media advertising when it comes to marketing expenditures. The survey found that 41% of total marketing expenditures are allocated towards media advertising, which includes television, radio, print, and online advertising.

This is not surprising as media advertising has traditionally been one of the most effective ways to reach a large audience and build brand awareness.

While media advertising is the largest marketing expenditure for companies, it is important to note that there are other types of marketing expenditures as well. Trade promotions and consumer promotions are also popular among companies, with 24% and 15% of total marketing expenditures, respectively. Trade promotions are marketing activities aimed at stimulating demand from wholesalers, distributors, or retailers, while consumer promotions are aimed at stimulating demand from end consumers.

Finally, direct marketing accounts for 10% of total marketing expenditures. This includes direct mail, telemarketing, and email marketing. Direct marketing allows companies to reach their target audience with personalized messages, making it a popular option for companies looking to build relationships with their customers.

Overall, while media advertising remains the largest marketing expenditure for companies, it is important for companies to consider other marketing options to effectively reach their target audience and achieve their marketing goals.

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The means that alternative x is the more financially advantageous option. Total costs: $145,000

To determine the financial advantage (disadvantage) of alternative y over alternative x, we need to compare the total costs of each alternative.

Alternative X:

Materials costs: $41,000

Processing costs: $45,000

Equipment rental: $17,000

Occupancy costs: $16,000

Total costs: $119,000

Alternative Y:

Materials costs: $59,000

Processing costs: $45,000

Equipment rental: $17,000

Occupancy costs: $24,000

Total costs: $145,000

To calculate the financial advantage (disadvantage) of alternative y over alternative x, we need to subtract the total costs of alternative x from the total costs of alternative y:

$145,000 (total costs of alternative y) - $119,000 (total costs of alternative x) = $26,000

Therefore, alternative y has a financial disadvantage of $26,000 compared to alternative x.

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As per the above question, the correct option is A i.e., $534,000. To calculate the value of the receivables using a forward hedge, we need to use the following formula:

Value of receivables = (Swiss francs to be received) x (Swiss forward rate)

In this case, the Swiss francs to be received is 600,000. The Swiss forward rate is given as $0.89. So, plugging these numbers into the formula, we get:

Value of receivables = 600,000 x $0.89 = $534,000

Therefore, the answer is (a) $534,000.

Note that the U.S. deposit rate and borrowing rate are not used in this calculation since they are not relevant to the forward hedge. The Swiss deposit rate and borrowing rate are also not used since we are not borrowing or depositing Swiss francs. We are simply using a forward contract to lock in the exchange rate for the future receipt of Swiss francs.

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When deciding whether to copy Starbucks or sell coffee in a completely different way, it's important to consider the three ways in which products can be differentiated: through physical characteristics, location, and image.

Physical differentiation involves making a product that is physically different from those of competitors. In the case of a coffee shop, this might involve using unique ingredients, different brewing methods, or offering a wider variety of drinks and snacks. Location differentiation involves locating the coffee shop in a unique or convenient location that competitors don't occupy.

To decide which approach to take, you should consider the needs and preferences of your target market. If customers in your area are already familiar with Starbucks and other coffee shops that offer similar products, it may be more effective to differentiate your coffee shop through physical characteristics or location.

Ultimately, the key is to understand your target market and what they're looking for in a coffee shop, and then differentiate your product in a way that meets those needs and sets you apart from competitors.

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The most common (and easiest) gateway for people to express their opinions and to hold elected officials accountable is through voting. By casting their ballot, individuals can have a say in who represents them and can hold these officials accountable for their actions while in office.

Additionally, social media has become a popular platform for individuals to express their opinions and hold elected officials accountable. With the rise of social media, citizens can directly communicate with their representatives and voice their concerns and opinions on various issues.

Assuming situation (a), the payroll taxes expense can be calculated by adding up the employee's Social Security tax, Medicare tax, and federal income tax withholding.

Therefore, the total payroll taxes expense would be $727.90.

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The method described in the question is known as the meet-the-competition method. This approach involves establishing a ratio between advertising expenditures and sales or market share, which is then adjusted based on the company's performance relative to its competitors.

The goal is to maintain a competitive level of advertising spending while ensuring that the budget is aligned with the company's overall goals and objectives.

One of the advantages of this approach is that it allows companies to adapt their marketing communications budget to changes in the marketplace, including shifts in consumer behavior, competitive activity, and economic conditions. By monitoring sales and market share, companies can adjust their advertising spending to maximize their impact and stay ahead of their rivals.

However, there are also some limitations to this approach. For example, it may be difficult to accurately measure the impact of advertising on sales and market share, particularly in the short term. Additionally, companies may be tempted to focus too much on their competitors rather than their own unique value proposition and brand identity.

Overall, the meet-the-competition method is just one of several approaches to developing a marketing communications budget. Each company will need to consider its own goals, resources, and competitive environment in order to determine the most effective approach for its particular situation.

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An organizational chart shows relationships among people, illustrating who is accountable for the completion of specific work and who reports to whom within an organization.

This type of chart provides a visual representation of the hierarchy, roles, and responsibilities of employees. Organizational charts are useful tools for management and employees alike, as they clarify lines of authority, communication, and decision-making.

In an organizational chart, positions are usually represented as boxes connected by lines, which indicate reporting relationships. The top box typically represents the highest-ranking position, such as the CEO or President. As you move down the chart, you'll see various levels of management and their respective subordinates. Positions with similar responsibilities may be grouped together into departments or functional units, such as Marketing, Finance, or Human Resources.

Organizational charts can help employees understand their place within the company and who they should report to for specific tasks. This clarity can improve communication and collaboration, streamline decision-making processes, and help prevent confusion or misunderstandings. Moreover, organizational charts can be beneficial for new employees to get familiarized with the company's structure and identify key personnel they may need to interact with.

Overall, an organizational chart is an essential tool for visualizing the structure and relationships within an organization, ensuring a clear understanding of reporting lines and accountability for completing specific work tasks.

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Based on the information provided, the calculated foreign currency transaction gain for Boring Company on April 30, 2017 is (b) $3,000.

To determine this gain, we need to compare the forward rate for August 1, 2017, at the beginning of the contract (April 1, 2017) and at the end of the contract (April 30, 2017).

1. Calculate the difference between the forward rates:
April 1, 2017 forward rate: 1.17
April 30, 2017 forward rate: 1.18
Difference: 1.18 - 1.17 = 0.01

2. Calculate the foreign currency transaction gain:
Amount of euros: 300,000
Gain per euro: 0.01
Total gain: 300,000 * 0.01 = 3,000

So, on April 30, 2017, Boring Company should report a foreign currency transaction gain of $3,000 for the second forward exchange contract used for speculation. The correct answer is (b) $3,000.

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The stage in the group development model that you are referring to is the Storming stage.

During the Storming stage, group members are becoming more authentic and expressing their deeper thoughts and feelings, which can sometimes lead to conflict. This stage is characterized by a high degree of emotion and uncertainty as group members try to establish their roles, express their opinions, and negotiate their relationships with one another. Conflict may arise as members compete for influence, challenge one another's ideas, or express dissatisfaction with the group's direction or progress.

However, if the group is able to successfully navigate the Storming stage, they can move on to the next stage, which is Norming. In this stage, group members begin to establish norms and guidelines for behavior, develop a shared sense of purpose, and build stronger relationships based on trust and respect.

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The coupon rate on the bonds must be 7.6 percent to yield a market price of $964 with 17 years to maturity and a par value of $1,000.

To determine the coupon rate on Big Canyon Enterprises' bonds, we first need to understand the relationship between bond prices, coupon rates, and yields. The coupon rate is the fixed annual interest rate that the bond issuer agrees to pay to bondholders.

Bond prices, on the other hand, fluctuate based on market demand and interest rate movements. When bond prices increase, yields decrease, and vice versa.

Given that Big Canyon Enterprises' bonds have a par value of $1,000, a maturity of 17 years, and a price of $964, we know that the bonds are trading at a discount. This means that the market yield on these bonds is higher than their coupon rate.

To calculate the coupon rate, we can use the following formula:

Coupon rate = Annual interest payment / Bond's face value

We know that the bond's face value is $1,000 and that the bonds make annual payments. We also know that the yield on the bonds is 7.6 percent, which means that the annual interest payment must be 7.6 percent of the bond's face value.

Annual interest payment = 7.6% x $1,000 = $76

Therefore, the coupon rate on Big Canyon Enterprises' bonds is:

Coupon rate = $76 / $1,000 = 7.6%

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the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand is approximately 1.73, and the correct answer is (a).

Using the midpoint formula, the price elasticity of demand can be calculated as:

Price elasticity of demand = (ΔQ / ((Q1 + Q2) / 2)) / (ΔP / ((P1 + P2) / 2))

where:

ΔQ = change in quantity demanded = 60 - 50 = 10

Q1 = initial quantity demanded = 50

Q2 = final quantity demanded = 60

ΔP = change in price = $1.80 - $2.00 = -$0.20

P1 = initial price = $2.00

P2 = final price = $1.80

Plugging in these values, we get:

Price elasticity of demand = (10 / ((50 + 60) / 2)) / (-0.20 / (($2.00 + $1.80) / 2))

Price elasticity of demand = (10 / 55) / (-0.20 / $1.90)

Price elasticity of demand = 0.182 / -0.105

Price elasticity of demand = -1.733

Taking the absolute value, we get:

|Price elasticity of demand| = |-1.733| = 1.73

Therefore, the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand is approximately 1.73, and the correct answer is (a).

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It will take 123.88 seconds to process 2 gigabytes of data at the server when the program is sent and executed there with a processing rate of 20 MB/s.To calculate the time it takes to process 2 gigabytes of data on the server, we need to consider the following steps:

1. Transfer the 10 MB program to the server (assuming the network transfer capacity is 10 MB/s).
2. Read the 2 GB data from the hard disk to the server's main memory (assuming a transfer rate of 100 MB/s).
3. Process the 2 GB data at the server (assuming a processing rate of 20 MB/s).

Here are the calculations for each step:

1. Program transfer time: 10 MB / 10 MB/s = 1 second.
2. Reading data to the server's main memory: (2 GB * 1024 MB/GB) / 100 MB/s = 20.48 seconds.
3. Processing time at the server: (2 GB * 1024 MB/GB) / 20 MB/s = 102.4 seconds.

Now, sum up the time for each step: 1 second + 20.48 seconds + 102.4 seconds = 123.88 seconds.

So, it will take 123.88 seconds to process 2 gigabytes of data at the server when the program is sent and executed there with a processing rate of 20 MB/s.

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The $50,000 spending on research and development will have both short-term and long-term impacts on the company's financial statements.

The $50,000 spending on research and development for a new drug to cure liver damage will have a significant impact on this year's financial statements.

Firstly, it will be classified as an expense in the income statement, which will reduce the company's net income for the year.

However, this expense can also be capitalized if it meets certain criteria, which means it can be recorded as an asset on the balance sheet and depreciated over time.

Moreover, this investment in research and development will be reflected in the cash flow statement as an outflow under investing activities. Although it will reduce the company's cash balance for the year, it is expected to lead to higher future sales once the new drug gains FDA approval.

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Franchises must follow the franchise agreement, which limits the control of the operating by the franchisee through regulations and guidelines.

Franchise agreements are legal contracts between the franchisor and the franchisee that outline the terms and conditions of the franchise relationship. These agreements typically include regulations and guidelines that the franchisee must follow, such as standards for products or services, marketing and advertising requirements, and operating procedures. The purpose of these guidelines is to ensure consistency and quality across all franchise locations, as well as to protect the franchisor's brand and reputation.

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The high number of mortgage defaults during the 2008 financial crisis was caused by a combination of factors, including the federal government's encouragement for banks to increase home loans and home ownership, home buyers borrowing more money than they could afford, banks loosening their strict standards for loans, and banks assuming they were protected from defaults with mortgage-backed securities.

To explain in detail, the federal government's push for increased home ownership led to policies such as the Community Reinvestment Act, which required banks to lend to borrowers in underserved communities. This resulted in banks offering more subprime loans to borrowers who may not have qualified under previous lending standards. Additionally, home buyers often borrowed more than they could afford, either due to poor financial planning or because of risky loan products such as adjustable-rate mortgages.

Banks also contributed to the high number of mortgage defaults by loosening their standards for loans. They offered loans to borrowers with lower credit scores and required little or no down payment, which increased the risk of default. Furthermore, banks believed they were protected from defaults with the use of mortgage-backed securities, which are investments backed by pools of mortgages. However, the underlying mortgages were often subprime, and when borrowers defaulted, the securities became worthless, causing widespread losses throughout the financial system.

In summary, the combination of government policies, borrower behavior, bank practices, and faulty securities contributed to the high number of mortgage defaults that occurred during the 2008 financial crisis.

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