If the price elasticity of demand for a product is 0. 5 and about raising the price by 8%. Then, the quantity to decrease is 4%
Price elasticity of demand = 0.5
Percentage increases in price = 8%
Price elasticity of demand = (Percentage change in quantity demanded)/(Percantage change in price)
0.5 = (Percentage change in quantity demanded)/8
Percentage change in quantity demanded = 0.5 × 8 = 4%
Therefore, if the price rises by 8% then as a result quantity demanded decreases by 4%.
An elastic demand is one where there is a significant shift in the amount sought as a result of a price change. A minor change in quantity required as a result of a price adjustment is referred to as an inelastic demand. A formula that produces an absolute number larger than 1 indicates that the demand is elastic.
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the adjusting entry required when amounts previously recorded as deferred revenues are recognized includes a:multiple choice
The adjusting entry required when amounts previously recorded as deferred revenues are recognized includes a debit to a liability. Hence, Thus, option A is correct
What is debit to a liability?The amount owing by the company decreases when a liability account is debited, and increases when a liability account is credited. Liability accounts are divided into two categories: current obligations and long-term liabilities.
A company's liabilities are the debts it must settle. Liabilities, as discussed before, represent a normal credit balance. Each time a liability account increases, a credit must be applied. To reduce it, it must be debited.
Thus, option A is correct.
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The options are missing-
A. A debit to a liability.
B. A debit to an asset.
C. A credit to a liability.
D. A credit to an asset.
A foreign currency trade that settles on a mutually agreed date after trade date is a? a cash settlement b seller's option settlement c forward settlement d spot settlement
A foreign currency change that settles on a collectively agreed date after the exchange date is a coins agreement.
Overseas foreign currency is the currency utilized by a foreign country as its diagnosed shape of financial exchange. This precise forex is the simplest shape of change that the applicable government allows for use for purchasing and selling inside its borders. for example, USD is the designation for the U.S. greenback, EUR is the designation for the Euro, GBP is the designation for the British pound, and JPY is the designation for the Japanese yen.
To desire the change of budget between exceptional nations; we can locate international locations with extra liquidity and others that want liquidity. To finance international exchange, whose transactions represent a sizable part of the foreign currency market. It serves because of the simple hyperlink among the local and overseas markets for diverse goods, services, and financial property. the use of the trade fee, we're capable of evaluating the charges of goods, services, and belongings quoted in specific currencies.
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Mr. and mrs. cox reported $415,900 agi on their 2018 joint return. the couple has three dependent children under age 17. compute their child credit. group of answer choices
The couple has three dependent children under the age of 17, their child credit is $ 1,500.
The child tax credit score has reverted to $2,000 per infant beneath 17 without an increase in month-to-month checks. The 2021 extended toddler tax credit score helped reduce toddler poverty with the aid of about 30% as of December, as measured by way of month-to-month profits, according to the middle on budget and coverage Priorities.
The USA federal baby tax credit is a partially-refundable tax credit for dads and moms with structured kids.
Child Tax Credit would be calculated as follows:
$ 490,000 - $ 400,000 = $ 90,000
$ 90,000 * ( 50 / 1,000)
= $ 4,500
Tax Credit for each child for 6 to 17 years would be = 2,000 * 3 = $ 6,000
Child Tax Credit = $ 6,000 - $ 4,500 = $ 1,500.
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Which expression will find aisha’s net income for june? 2,700 dollars divided by 1,300 dollars 1,300 dollars minus 2,700 dollars 1,300 dollars 2,700 dollars 2,700 dollars minus 1,300 dollars
The fourth expression 2,700 dollars minus 1,300 dollars find the net income of Aisha.
What is net income?
The net income means the amount remains after deducting all the expenses from the revenue of the company.
From the given expressions the fourth expression is correct because it is the correct way to calculate net income and also the condition that it is correct for net income. If we look at the first expression in which 2,700 is divided by 1,300 it shows the wrong formula. On the other hand, if look at the second expression the amount of the expense is more than the income which shows net loss. Hence, the fourth expression is correct expression to find net income of aishaa.
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the marketing manager for dunkin' donuts paid for television and magazine advertising to announce improvements in its coffee. the advertising is an example of which variable in the marketing mix?
The advertising is an example of personal selling.
the required details about personal selling is mentioned below
What is 'Personal Selling'
Personal selling, commonly referred to as face-to-face selling, involves one salesperson persuading a customer to purchase a product.
In order to seal a deal, the salesperson uses their expertise and abilities in this advertising technique.
Personal selling is a face-to-face sales technique where a salesperson uses their people skills to convince a customer to purchase a specific product.
The salesperson tries to highlight numerous features of the product to convince the buyer that it will only bring value.
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Trees of life that illustrate the phylogenetic relationships of all organisms were traditionally based on ______; newer methods for determining phylogeny rely on ______.
Trees of life that illustrate the phylogenetic relationships of all organisms were traditionally based on morphology; newer methods for determining phylogeny rely on nucleic acid sequences.
What is phylogenetic relationships?A phylogenetic tree is a branching diagram or tree that depicts the evolutionary relationships between distinct biological species or other entities based on physical or genetic similarities and differences.
All life on Earth is grouped together in a single evolutionary tree, indicating a common ancestor.
Hence, it is correct to state that Traditional trees of life that depict the evolutionary connections of all creatures were based on morphology; modern approaches for detecting phylogeny rely on nucleic acid sequences.
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encompasses both direct contacts, including interactions when buying, using, and obtaining services, as well as indirect contacts, which most often involve unplanned "touches" with the company through word-of-mouth comments from other customers, reviewers, and news reports.
Customer experience, which includes both indirect and direct touch, is the internal reaction that customers have to all parts of a company and its offering.
What is customer experience and why is it important?Customer experience is the sum of a consumer's cognitive, emotive, sensory, and behavioral responses at all points in the consumption process, including before, during, and after a purchase.
Customer experience is how clients feel about working with your business. From the customer's perspective, a good strategy should be helpful, usable, and pleasant. Customer experience and customer service are two issues that are increasingly in demand in today's unpredictable environment.
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costs incurred to satisfy customer claims under an extended warranty period are recorded during the same period as the related
Costs incurred to satisfy customer claims under an extended warranty period are recorded during the same period as the related revenue.
Revenue is the entire quantity of profits generated by the sale of goods or services related to the organization's primary operations. sales, also referred to as gross sales, is often referred to as the "top line" as it sits at the pinnacle of the profits statement. Income, or net profits, is a corporation's total earnings or income.
Your annual revenue is the amount of cash your agency earns from income over a 12 months; it does no longer encompass prices and fees. To calculate your annual revenue, you multiply the quantity of each product you bought by using its sale price, and then upload each product's annual income to determine your gross annual sales.
sales, also recognized really as sales, does not deduct any prices or prices related to operating the commercial enterprise. income is the quantity of income that stays after accounting for all costs, debts, extra earnings streams, and working expenses.
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At the present time a company is quoted the rate usd/eur 0.7575. if the company wants to exchange $4.25 m into euros, how many euros would they get?
At the present time a company is quoted the rate USD/euros 0.7575. If the company wants to exchange $4.25 m into euros, 32,19,37,500 euros will get.
What USD way?
The USD (USA dollar) is the official forex of the USA of the USA. The USA dollar, or U.S. dollar, is made of a hundred cents. It's far represented by using the symbol $ or US$ to distinguish it from different dollar-based totally currencies.
What is USD fabricated from?
U.S. forex is outlined on unique paper made by Crane Paper corporation. unlike traditional paper product of wooden pulp, the paper used for forex is made from 75 percentage cotton and 25 percent linen. BEP specs require this blended paper to have special red and blue fibers woven for the duration of.
Is the USD expected to rise?
The us dollar is predicted to trade at a 110.16 by the cease of this sector, in step with trading Economics global macro models and analysts expectations. looking forward, we estimate it to alternate at 113.80 in twelve months time.
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Based on the combined population and gdp, which preferential trade organization has the greatest global impact?
Based on the combined population and GDP, ASEAN preferential trade organization has the greatest global impact.
The founding members of ASEAN—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand—signed the ASEAN Declaration (also known as the Bangkok Declaration) on August 8, 1967, officially establishing the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN.
It has enormous strategic, economic, and diplomatic importance for our future. Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam are the 10 Southeast Asian nations that make up ASEAN.
According to the ASEAN Declaration, the Association's goals and objectives are to: (1) promote regional peace and stability through enduring respect for justice and the rule of law in international relations; and (2) accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development in the region.
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You run a company that uses all of the latest fire protection features and services available. what type of insurance would be most beneficial to your bottom line?
The type of insurance that would be most beneficial to your bottom line would be mutual fire insurance.
Insurance provides financial protection against loss. It is a sort of risk management that is intended to reduce the risk of a contingent or uncertain loss. An insurer, insurance business, insurance carrier, or underwriter is a company that offers insurance."Mutual Fire Insurance (MFI) is a Canadian mutual organization with dual policyholders that provides agriculture, commercial, and home insurance solutions from British Columbia to Ontario."Fire insurance is a type of property insurance that provides supplementary coverage for losses or damages caused by a fire. Fire insurance may be capped at a rate lower than the cost of the losses incurred, necessitating the purchase of a separate fire insurance policy.Thus, the answer would be mutual fire insurance.
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project management appears to be ideally suited for a business environment requiring accountability, flexibility, innovation and repeatability.
False, A company climate that demands responsibility, flexibility, creativity, speed, and continual improvement seems to be best suited for project management.
More about project management:
Project management is the practise of directing a group of people to accomplish tasks or meet deadlines inside a company. Project management entails project planning, tracking, communication, and documentation with the aim of successfully completing work within the parameters of time, scope, and money.
The use of procedures, techniques, abilities, knowledge, and experience to accomplish particular project goals in accordance with predetermined guidelines is known as project management which is used by a lot of companies now a days.
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b. the minimum price at which these countries will trade coffee is barrel(s) of rum per ton of coffee and the maximum price is barrel(s) of rum per ton of coffee.
The country that should specialize in producing coffee is: Nicaragua. The minimum price is 1/6 of a barrel of rum and the maximum price is 1/2 of barrel of rum.
Opportunity costa. When were compare Dominican Republic and Nicaragua opportunity costs for producing coffee, Nicaragua has a lesser opportunity cost for producing coffee calculated as:
Nicaragua:
Opportunity cost=5/30
Opportunity cost=0.166 or 1/6 of a barrel of rum
Dominican Republic's has the highest opportunity cost:
Opportunity cost=10/20
Opportunity cost=0.5 or 1/2 of barrel of rum
Based on the above analysis Nicaragua should specialize in coffee.
b. The minimum price at which the countries will trade coffee is 1/6 (0.167) of a barrel of rum per ton of coffee while the maximum price at which these countries will trade coffee is 1/2 (0.5) of a barrel of rum per ton of coffee.
Therefore the country that should specialize in producing coffee is: Nicaragua. The minimum price is 1/6 of a barrel of rum and the maximum price is 1/2 of barrel of rum.
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The complete question is:
The Dominican Republic and Nicaragua both produce coffee and rum. The Dominican Republic can produce 20 thousand tons of coffee per year or 10 thousand barrels of rum. Nicaragua can produce 30 thousand tons of coffee per year or 5 thousand barrels of rum.
a. Suppose the Dominican Republic and Nicaragua sign a trade agreement in which each country would specialize in the production of either coffee or rum. Which country should specialize in producing coffee? Which country should specialize in producing rum?
b. What are the minimum and maximum prices at which these countries will trade coffee?
When mountain climbers purchase clothing for scaling mount everest, their purchases are primarily addressing __________ needs.
Populations whose individuals may require additional assistance prior to, during, and after an occurrence in. • Maintaining independence is one of the functional aspects that must be addressed. • Interaction.
What is Climbing?
Climbing is the activity of mounting a steep topographical object with one's hands, feet, or any other bodily part. It's done for movement, recreation, and competition, as well as in occupations that rely on ascent, such as emergency rescue and military missions. It is done inside and outside, on both natural and man-made structures.
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How are all financial market (such as the markets for stocks, bonds, and precious metals) connected?
All financial market (such as the markets for stocks, bonds, and precious metals) connected.
(a)Financial markets have get right of entry to to each the same pool of savings and the equal organization of debtors,
The savers goal at maximizing their danger adjusted fee of go back no matter the market they're catering to and the debtors intention to limit the hobby rates they need to pay. for this reason, the financial markets have the same pool of borrowings and savings and for that reason, adjustments in one marketplace will adjust the prospects of the other market and all Financial markets are interlinked
(b) markets function each vacation spot for financial savings and resources of finances
(c) Financial markets additionally paintings at the principle of deliver and demand
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a company that uses a calendar year purchases an asset with a historical cost of $250,000, a residual value of $5,000 and an estimated life of 5 years. if the asset is acquired on september 30, 2016, the first-year depreciation under the straight-line method is:
Under the straight line method, the Depreciation rate is 20%
First-year Depreciation under the straight line method is $12,250.
Depreciation and amortization are computed on a straight line basis. It is the simplest method for calculating how much an item will depreciate over time and is often referred to as straight line depreciation.
The straight line basis is computed by dividing the difference between the cost of an item and its anticipated salvage value by the anticipated number of years of usage.
The regular distribution of an asset's depreciable amount over the course of its useful life is known as depreciation. The cost of an asset, or an amount used in its place, less its residual value, is the depreciable amount of that asset.
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jet green offered a differentiated experience by providing free wifi and movies. that differentiation appealed to gabby and influenced her purchase decision. which specific influence did this aspect of the experience appeal to?
Answer: psychological needs
Explanation:
Psychological needs influence did this aspect of the experience appeal to.
Any requirement that is necessary for mental wellness or is not otherwise biologically necessary. It may be totally internal, as in the case of the need for pleasure, or it may be produced as a result of interactions between a person and their surroundings, as in the case of the need for social acceptance, justice, or job satisfaction.
The three psychological requirements of autonomy, competence, and relatedness are universally significant for psychological health and autonomous motivation, according to SDT. Similar to how you conceive of physiological demands, you can think of these universal needs (e.g. hunger, thirst, sleep)
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A measure of return that takes account of both coupon payments and change in a bond's value over its life is a standard measure known as?
A measure of return that takes account of both coupon payments and change in a bond's value over its life is a standard measure known as a. yield to maturity
A bond's coupon rate is the rate it pays each year, and yield is the return it makes. A bond's coupon rate is expressed as a percentage of its face value. Face value is simply the face value of the bond or the value of the bond as quoted by the issuer.
Yield to maturity is the estimated annual yield of a bond if the investor were to hold the asset until maturity and reinvest the payments at the same rate. The coupon rate is the annual income an investor can expect while holding a particular bond.
A bond yield is a return an investor gets from investing in a bond. Bonds can be purchased at a premium above par or at a discount below par. The current yield is the bond's coupon divided by the market price.
Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.
a. yield to maturity
b. the current rate of interest
c. current yield
d. bond rate
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April works diligently to accomplish the company goals in an efficient and effective manner, utilizing her employees through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling company resources. April is.
April works diligently to accomplish the company goals in an efficient and effective manner, utilizing her employees through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling company resources. April is managing.
How do you describe an efficient individual?
Acting or functioning inside the excellent viable manner with the least waste of time and effort; having and the use of needful understanding, talent, and industry; in a position; capable: a reliable, green assistant.
What's efficient and instance?
The definition of efficient is being efficient with minimal effort. An example of efficient is a vehicle that receives 60 miles to a gallon of gasoline.
What does it suggest to be efficient at paintings?
Performance inside the workplace approach while employees carry out the ideal responsibilities in the proper manner, with the least waste of time and effort. In essence, improving workplace performance is ready assisting personnel paintings smarter, no longer more difficult.
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This permission-based email communication requires customers to verify the __________ method before their e-mail addresses can be used to communicate with them.
This permission-based email communication requires customers to verify the Opt-in method before their e-mail addresses can be used to communicate with them.
Email, in complete digital mail, messages transmitted and acquired with the aid of using virtual computer systems thru a community. An email machine lets in laptop customers on a community to ship text, graphics, sounds, and lively photos to different customers.
email communication is a way of changing messages among human beings through the use of digital devices. Email became therefore conceived because of the digital model of, or counterpart to, mail, at a time when "mail" intended handiest bodily mail. An email is a machine for sending written messages electronically from one laptop to another. Email is an abbreviation of 'digital mail'.
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in which way does a straight-line production possibilities curve differ from a concave production possibilities curve? a upward-sloping production possibilities curve. b a straight-line production possibilities curve has a constant opportunity cost. c a straight-line production possibilities curve does not show opportunity cos.t d a straight-line production possibilities curve has an increasing opportunity cost. e a straight-line production possibilities curve has a decreasing opportunity cost.
Straight-line production possibilities curve differs from a concave production possibilities curve in the following way:
A straight-line production possibilities curve has a constant opportunity cost. (OPTION B)
STRAIGHT LINE PRODUCTION POSSIBILITY CURVE: Opportunity costs are constant no matter how far down the curve you walk when the PPC is in a straight line.
CONCAVE PRODUCTION POSSIBILITY CURVE: Due to the rising opportunity cost, the Production Possibility Curve (PPC) is concave toward the origin. As we proceed down the PPC, more and more units of other goods must be sacrificed in order to generate each extra unit of one product. That is, the opportunity cost rises as we proceed down the PPC.
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the difference between the present value of an investment's future cash flows and its initial cost is the: multiple choice net present value. internal rate of return. payback period. profitability index. discounted payback period.
Net present value is the difference between the present value of an investment's future cash flows and its initial cost .
What is meant by Net Present value ?
Net present value (NPV) is the current value of cash inflows minus cash outflows over a period of time (NPV). NPV is a metric used in capital budgeting and investment planning to assess the profitability of a proposed investment or project. NPV is the result of calculations to ascertain the present value of a stream of payments in the future.
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true or false dark money involves campaign spending by a group that does not have to be reported to the group's donors. quizlet
dark money involves campaign spending by a group that does not have to be reported to the group's donors.- True.
Dark money is the term used to describe contributions made to political organizations by contributors whose identities are kept secret and which are then utilized to sway elections. Dark money can have a big impact on elections, especially when it's utilized by "independent expenditure" organizations, commonly known as Super PACs, which are legally allowed to accept and spend an unlimited number of funds.
The donations from the anonymous contributors are referred to as "dark money" when the source of political fundraising is unclear, either because disclosure regulations do not apply, are avoided through "loopholes," or are purposefully avoided.
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to determine if an opportunity is attractive or unattractive for a firm, marketers can use an analysis of the external and internal environments such as through blank .
To determine if an opportunity is attractive or unattractive for a firm, marketers can use an analysis of the external and internal environments such as a SWOT analysis.
SWOT analysis is a strategic making plan and strategic management approach used to assist someone or an organization identify Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats associated with enterprise competition or challenge planning. It's miles once in a while known as situational evaluation or situational evaluation.
SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunity, and Threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal to your enterprise—things which you have some control over and can exchange. Examples include who is for your team, your patents and intellectual assets, and your region.
The blessing of using SWOT analysis is a SWOT evaluation helps you to find out the internal strengths and weaknesses of your business enterprise. It also lets you discover the external opportunities and threats that confront you. As such, it is a useful device for performing both inner and outside Strategic evaluation.
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The new entry strategy that a firm chose is dependent upon the ______________ and the ______________ of the new business concept. group of answer choices
The new entry approach that a association choses is based upon the riskiness and the innovations of the new enterprise concept.
What is new market entry strategy?Market entry approach is a planned distribution and shipping approach of goods or services to a new goal market. In the import and export of services, it refers to the creation, establishment, and management of contracts in a foreign country.
Why are market entry techniques important?Market entry strategies are necessary because selling a product in an international market requires specific planning and preservation processes. These strategies enable businesses to stay prepared before, throughout and after getting into new markets.
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it is derived from the government’s Police Power According to United States constitutional law, the police power is the ability of the states to control conduct and uphold law and order on their soil for the benefit of their citizens' general welfare, safety, morals, and general well-being.
What elements make up police power?
The use of police authority has historically entailed the ability to (1) advance public health, morality, or safety, as well as the community's overall well-being; (2) create and enforce laws to advance the common welfare; and (3) restrict private rights in the public interest.To Learn more about police power, click the links.
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the fundamental problem of economics implies that: governments must be relied upon to supply essential goods and services inflation and unemployment are unavoidable growing populations will deplete natural resources individuals and communities must make choices among competing alternatives
The fundamental problem of economics implies that individuals and communities must make choices among competing alternatives.
Define Economics.The social science of economics focuses on the creation, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economics is the study of how economies function and the activities and interactions of economic agents. Economics is the study of scarcity and how it affects how resources are used, how commodities and services are produced, how production and welfare increase over time, and a wide range of other complicated concerns that are extremely important to society. In addition, the definition of economics states that it is a science that examines the production, distribution, sale, and acquisition of products and services. The analysis of the stock market is one application of economics.
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From the perspective of managing a budget, what term is used to describe the difference between the amount of money that was budgeted and the actual amount of money spent?.
From the perspective of managing a budget, a budget variance is the term is used to describe the difference between the amount of money that was budgeted and the actual amount of money spent.
What is a budget?This refers to the estimation of revenue and expenses over a specified future period of time that is usually compiled and re-evaluated on a periodic basis. It could be made for a person, group, business, government etc that makes and spends money.
Under a budget, the budget variance means the difference between the budgeted amount of expense or revenue and the actual amount. It is favorable when the actual revenue is higher than the budget or when the actual expense is less than the budget.
Therefore, as from the perspective of managing a budget, the budget variance is the term is used to describe the difference between the amount of money that was budgeted and the actual amount of money spent.
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the weemow lawn service wants to start doing snow removal in the winter when there are no lawns to maintain. jeff and julie weems, who own the service, are trying to determine how much equipment they need to purchase, based on the various job types they have. they plan to work themselves and hire some local college students on a per-job basis. based on historical weather data, they estimate that there will be six major snowfalls next winter. virtually all customers want their snow removed no more than 2 days after the snow stops falling. working 10 hours per day (into the night), jeff and julie can remove the snow from a normal driveway in about 1 hour, and it takes about 4 hours to remove the snow from a business parking lot and sidewalk. the variable cost (mainly for labor and gas) per job is $12 for a driveway and $47 for a parking lot. using their lawn service customer base as a guideline, they believe they will have demand of no more than 40 homeowners and 25 businesses. they plan to charge $35 for a home driveway and $120 for a business parking lot, which is slightly less than the going rate. they want to know how many jobs of each type will maximize their profit.
We must maximize.
P = 23 x + 73 y
Now we must carefully formulate constraints from the problem's language. The first constraint will be the time limit, and the second will be the availability of jobs.
Time limitation:
There will be a total of six major snowfalls. If we assume they are all at least two days apart, Jeff and Julie have exactly 12 days to remove them. They also work 10 hours per day, for a total of 120 hours per week. Another assumption made here is that the 10 hour per day work period is for Jeff and Julie as a whole, rather than for each of them separately.
Snow can be removed in one hour from a normal driveway and four hours from a business parking lot, and Jeff and Julie can work a total of 120 hours. As a result, our time constraint would be,
x + 4y <= 120
Demand Restriction:
A maximum of 40 homeowners will request driveway snow removal, as well as a maximum of 25 business parking lot snow removal requests. As a result, the demand constraints will be,
x <= 40
y <= 25
There will also be an additional constraint because the number of jobs cannot be negative.
Also there will be an additional constraint considering that number of jobs cannot be negative.
x >= 0
y >= 0
The shaded region is the area of interest, and we must check the points G,D,C, and E to maximize profit.
Point x y P
G 0 25 1825
C 40 20 2380
D 20 25 2285
E 40 0 920
As a result, the profit will be greatest when x = 40 and y = 20. The total profit will be $2380.
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The ability to evaluate claims about truth by using reason and evidence is referred to as:_________
The ability to evaluate claims about truth by using reason and evidence is referred to as Critical thinking.
Critical thinking is the analysis of available information, evidence, observations, and arguments to shape a judgement. The subject is complex; several one-of-a-kind definitions exist, which usually encompass the rational, skeptical, and independent analysis or evaluation of factual evidence.
Critical thinking approach making reasoned judgments which can be logical and well-notion out. It's miles a manner of thinking in that you don't definitely be given all arguments and conclusions you are exposed to however alternatively have an attitude regarding thinking such arguments and conclusions.
Example is a triage nurse analyzes the instances to hand and decides the order by which the patients need to be treated. A plumber evaluates the substances that could exceptional suit a particular activity.
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