In Solution 1, Fixed Expenses, Net Operating Income (Loss) 31560 -100000 31560
How to solveSolution 1:
Starfax, Inc.
Variable costing Income statement
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Unit sales 50600 40480 50600
Sales revenue 809600 647680 809600
Variable expenses:
Variable Manufacturing expense (Units soldper unit) 101200 80960 101200
Variable Selling and administrative expense (Units soldper unit) 50600 40480 50600
Total variable expenses 151800 121440 151800
Contribution Margin 657800 526240 657800
Fixed expenses:
Fixed Manufacturing expense 485760 485760 485760
Fixed Selling and administrative expense 140480 140480 140480
Total Fixed expenses 626240 626240 626240
Net Operating Income (Loss) 31560 -100000 31560
Solution 2a:
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Variable Manufacturing expense 2.00 2.00 2.00
Fixed Manufacturing expense (485760/ units produced) 9.60 8.00 12.00
Unit Product Cost 11.60 10.00 14.00
Solution 2b:
Reconciliation of Variable costing and absorption costing Net operating Income (Losses)
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Variable Costing net operating income (loss) 31560 -100000 31560
Add (deduct) Fixed manufacturing overhead cost deferred in (released from) Year 2 and released in year 3 (Ending inventory *Fixed manufacturing expense per unit) 0 161920 -161920
Add (deduct) Fixed manufacturing overhead cost deferred in (released from) Year 3 and released in future under absorption costing (Ending inventory *Fixed manufacturing expense per unit) 0 0 121440
Absorption Costing net operating income (loss) 31560 61920 -8920
Solution 5b:
Absorption costing Income statement (Lean production)
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Sales revenue 809600 647680 809600
Variable expenses:
Variable Manufacturing expense 101200 80960 101200
Fixed Manufacturing expense [Year 2= (485760/5060040480)] 485760 388608 485760
Total variable expenses 586960 469568 586960
Contribution Margin 222640 178112 222640
Fixed expenses:
variable Selling and administrative expense 50600 40480 50600
Fixed Selling and administrative expense [Year 2= (140480/5060040480)] 140480 112384 140480
Total Fixed expenses 191080 152864 191080
Net Operating Income (Loss) 31560 25248 31560
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in single-product enterprises,business strategies are
distinct from corporate strategies?true or false
The statement "In single-product enterprises, business strategies are distinct from corporate strategies." is True because in single-product enterprises, the business strategy and corporate strategy are different from each other as the business strategy focuses only on a single product and its services, whereas corporate strategy focuses on the whole business portfolio.
What is a single-product enterprise?Single-product companies or enterprises are those that manufacture and sell only one item. As a result, it is entirely devoted to the manufacture and distribution of a single product. Single-product firms, in general, are modest and nimble in their operations, and they may offer something special or distinct. They offer quality over quantity and are well-equipped to meet the requirements of a specific market niche.
Business Strategies vs Corporate StrategiesBusiness strategy is an action plan for achieving the goals and objectives of a company's top management. It outlines the company's market position, service offerings, and future goals.
On the other hand, Corporate strategy is the strategic planning that governs a corporation's entire portfolio of businesses. This may include determining which business units to enter, exit, or retain, as well as how to allocate resources among these units. It focuses on the company as a whole rather than on individual product or service lines.
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Reconsider the project in problem 31. (lo12-3) a. What is the project irr? b. What is the cost of capital for the project? c. Does the accept-reject decision using irr agree with the decision using npv?
Using the CAPM formula, we can calculate the required rate of return for this project:
Required rate of return = Risk-free rate + Beta * (Expected market return - Risk-free rate)
Required rate of return =4% + 1.4 * (12% - 4%) = 15.6%
Using this required rate of return as the discount rate, we can calculate the present value of the cash flows:
PV of cash flow=[tex]-$100 + Σ($15 / (1 + 15.6%)^t) for t = 1 to 10[/tex]
PV of cash flows =[tex]-$100 + $88.44 = -$11.56 million[/tex]
a. To calculate the project IRR, we need to find the discount rate that makes the NPV equal to zero. We can use a financial calculator or spreadsheet to find that the project IRR is approximately 17.6%.
b. The cost of capital for the project is the required rate of return we calculated in Problem 31, which is 15.6%.
c. The accept-reject decision using IRR does not agree with the decision using NPV. The project has a negative NPV, which means that its value is less than its cost. Therefore, the project should be rejected, even though its IRR is greater than the required rate of return.
This is because IRR assumes that the cash flows are reinvested at the same rate, which may not be realistic in practice. NPV, on the other hand, discounts the cash flows at the required rate of return, which reflects the opportunity cost of capital and is a more realistic approach to valuing projects.
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CAPM and Valuation. You are a consultant to a firm evaluating an expansion of its current business. The cash-flow forecasts (in millions of dollars) for the project are as follows: Years Cash Flow -- 100 1-10 +15 On the basis of the behavior of the firm's stock, you believe that the beta of the firm is 1.4. Assuming that the rate of return available on risk-free investments is 4% and that the expected rate of return on the market portfolio is 12%, what is the net present value of the project? (LO12-3) 32. CAPM and Cost of Capital. Reconsider the project in Problem 31. (L012-3) a. What is the project IRR? b. What is the cost of capital for the project? c. Does the accept-reject decision using IRR agree with the decision using NPV?
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the dulac box plant produces wooden packing boxes to be used in the local seafood industry. current operations allow the company to make 500 boxes per day. the company runs two 8-hour shifts per day (producing 250 boxes per shift). the company has introduced some moderate changes in equipment, and conducted appropriate job training, so that production levels have risen to 300 boxes per shift. labor costs average $10 per hour. there are 5 full-time workers on each shift. capital costs were previously $3,000 per day, and rose to $3,200 per day with the equipment modifications. energy costs were unchanged by the modifications, at $400 per day. a) what is the firm's multifactor productivity before the changes? b) what is the firm's multifactor productivity after the changes?
The firm's multifactor productivity after the changes is 0.0496 boxes and the multifactor productivity before changes is 0.0564 boxes per dollar of input.
a) To calculate the firm's multifactor productivity before the changes, we need to determine the output per unit of labor, capital, and energy.
Multifactor productivity = Output / (Labor cost + Capital cost + Energy cost)
Multifactor productivity before changes = 500 boxes / ($10 x 2 shifts x 8 hours + $3,000 + $400) = 0.0564 boxes per dollar of input
b) To calculate the firm's multifactor productivity after the changes, we need to determine the new output per unit of labor, but the capital and energy costs remain the same.
Output per unit of labor = 300 boxes / (5 workers x 8 hours) = 7.5 boxes per worker-hour
Multifactor productivity after changes = Output / (Labor cost + Capital cost + Energy cost)
Multifactor productivity after changes = 300 boxes / ($10 x 2 shifts x 8 hours + $3,200 + $400) = 0.0496 boxes per dollar of input.
Therefore, the firm's multifactor productivity has decreased slightly after the changes.
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the expected return of a portfolio is 9.2%, and the risk-free rate is 2%. if the portfolio standard deviation is 15%, what is the reward-to-variability ratio of the portfolio? question 5 options: 0.39 0.48 0.63 0.52
The reward-to-variability ratio of the portfolio, option (b), 0.48, is accurate. The departure of investment returns from the mean of the probability distribution of investments.
Is a portfolio better off with a bigger standard deviation?The constancy of a return on an investment over time can be seen in the standard deviation. Price volatility is evident in a fund with a high standard deviation. A fund with a low standard deviation is typically more consistent.
The risk portfolio's standard deviation is what?The standard deviation is a tool for calculating market volatility or the variation in asset values from their mean. A high standard deviation indicates that prices are moving erratically and that an investment will be dangerous. Low standard deviation indicates stable prices and low risk for investments.
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David washed his friend, Mark's car, that was left at his house for the weekend. When Mark came back and saw the car, he was so happy he offered to give David $1000. However, he had no money on him at the time. David later called for the money, but Mark was unable to pay. What is Mark's position?He has to pay it was a promise.The promise was made after the car was washed and so there is no obligationA promise is a promise and has to be kept regardlessThere was no arrangement before the Act, so there is no need to payMark has committed himself so he should pay
Mark's position is that he has to pay the money he promised to David. Although there was no arrangement before the car washing occurred, a promise is still a promise, and Mark committed himself to paying David.
Mark offered to pay David $1000 after seeing the car washed, and so there is an obligation for Mark to fulfill that promise, regardless of whether he had money on him at the time. Since the promise was made after the car was washed, there is no need for Mark to pay the money, but he is still morally obligated to do so.
Ultimately, Mark should honor the promise that he made, even if it was made in an informal manner. A promise is a serious commitment and should be taken seriously, as it can have legal implications. This means that Mark should pay the money he owes, as it was a promise that he made.
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Company X wishes to borrow U.S. dollars at a fixed rate of interest. Company Y wishes to borrow Japanese yen at a fixed rate of interest. The amounts the two companies require are roughly the same at the current exchange rate. The companies have been quoted the following interest rates, which have been adjusted for the impact of taxes:
After allowing for the bank's gain, what is the net gain for the two companies?
Yen USD
Company X 5.0% 9.6%
Company 6.5% 10.0%
The net gain for the two companies after allowing for the bank's gain is $11,000.
To determine the net gain for the two companies, we need to set up a currency swap between the two companies. Based on the interest rates provided, it makes sense for Company X to borrow USD and Company Y to borrow yen.
First, Company Y will borrow yen at 6.5% and lend it to Company X at 5.0%. Then, Company X will borrow USD at 9.6% and lend it to Company Y at 10.0%.
To calculate the net gain, we need to find the difference between the interest payments made by each company. Let's assume that both companies need to borrow $1,000,000 or its equivalent in yen.
Company Y's yen loan: Interest paid by Company Y = $1,000,000 * 6.5% = $65,000 Interest received by Company X = $1,000,000 * 5.0% = $50,000 Net yen interest paid by Company Y = $65,000 - $50,000 = $15,000
Company X's USD loan: Interest paid by Company X = $1,000,000 * 9.6% = $96,000 Interest received by Company Y = $1,000,000 * 10.0% = $100,000 Net USD interest paid by Company X = $96,000 - $100,000 = -$4,000
The net gain for the two companies is the sum of the net interest paid in yen and the net interest paid in USD:
Net gain = $15,000 + (-$4,000) = $11,000Therefore, the net gain for the two companies after allowing for the bank's gain is $11,000.
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which of the following is a characteristic of a cooperative? unset starred question can be sold, similar to other properties. ownership includes air space within the unit and shared ownership of common areas. share of mortgage interest and real estate taxes are deductible on personal income tax returns. subletting is often allowed, with some restrictions.
A cooperative is a form of organization that is operated by and for its members.
The following is a characteristic of a cooperative:
The share of mortgage interest and real estate taxes are deductible on personal income tax returns. This is because cooperatives are non-profit organizations, which means that they do not pay taxes on the money that they receive from their members.
Instead, they distribute the money that they receive among their members in the form of dividends, which are tax-exempt.
Therefore, when members of a cooperative pay their share of the mortgage interest and real estate taxes, they are entitled to deduct these expenses on their personal income tax returns.
This is an important advantage of owning a cooperative unit, as it can help to reduce the amount of income tax that a member owes at the end of the year.
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assume a countrys banking sytem has limited reserves. to counteract a recession, the central bank should
If a countrys banking sytem has limited reservesThe central bank should consider expanding the money supply to counteract a recession.
This can be done by either reducing interest rates, providing loans to banks, or buying government bonds.
Lowering interest rates encourages more borrowing, providing loans to banks injects liquidity into the banking system, and buying government bonds pumps money into the economy.
This can help stimulate economic growth, promote investment and employment, and provide relief to borrowers in difficult times.
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the news began airing coverage of accidents that occurred in ford vehicles. this extensive coverage created fear for consumers, causing them to purchase fewer ford vehicles. this is an example of
The news began airing coverage of accidents that occurred in Ford vehicles. This extensive coverage created fear for consumers, causing them to purchase fewer Ford vehicles. This is an example of the media's influence on consumers' behavior.
Media influence is defined as the effect that the media has on our behavior, thoughts, and attitudes. The influence of the media on consumer behavior has been researched extensively, with research findings indicating that the media has a significant impact on consumers. The influence of the media on consumers can be both positive and negative. The media can influence us to adopt healthier lifestyles, make informed decisions, and buy products that we need. However, it can also influence us to develop bad habits, make poor decisions, and purchase goods and services that we don't need.
The news that began airing coverage of accidents that occurred in Ford vehicles had a significant effect on consumer behavior. Consumers were fearful and avoided purchasing Ford vehicles, which led to a decrease in Ford's sales.In summary, the extensive coverage of accidents that occurred in Ford vehicles created fear in consumers, causing them to purchase fewer Ford vehicles. This is an example of the media's influence on consumer behavior.
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For the following taxpayers, determine if they are required to file a tax return in 2022.
Required:
A. Ricko, single taxpayer, with gross income of $17,400.
B. Fantasia, head of household, with gross income of $17,300.
C. Ken and Barbie, married taxpayers with no dependents, with gross income of $22,400.
D. Dorothy and Rudolf, married taxpayers, both age 68, with gross income of $24,300.
E. Janyce, single taxpayer, age 73, with gross income of $13,300.
Yes. Ricko is a single taxpayer with a gross income of $17,400, which is above the filing requirement threshold of $12,400.
What is taxpayer?Taxpayer is an individual or organization that is responsible for paying taxes. A taxpayer is usually an individual or business entity who has registered with the government to pay taxes on various forms of income, including wages, profits, income from investments, or sales of goods or services.
A. Yes. Ricko is a single taxpayer with a gross income of $17,400, which is above the filing requirement threshold of $12,400.
B. Yes. Fantasia is a head of household taxpayer with a gross income of $17,300, which is above the filing requirement threshold of $18,350.
C. Yes. Ken and Barbie are married taxpayers with no dependents and a gross income of $22,400, which is above the filing requirement threshold of $24,800.
D. Yes. Dorothy and Rudolf are married taxpayers, both age 68, with a gross income of $24,300, which is above the filing requirement threshold of $25,700.
E. Yes. Janyce is a single taxpayer, age 73, with a gross income of $13,300, which is above the filing requirement threshold of $13,850.
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1. Why should Fastjet use best cost provider strategy. Explain
and give examples to support best cost provider strategy.
Fastjet should consider using the best cost provider strategy because it enables the company to offer products or services at a lower cost than competitors while maintaining similar levels of quality. Examples of companies that have successfully implemented the best cost provider strategy include Southwest Airlines, IKEA, and Walmart.
This approach aims to provide customers with the best value for their money and gain a competitive advantage by attracting price-sensitive customers who are willing to compromise on certain features or benefits for a lower price.
Examples of companies that have successfully implemented the best cost provider strategy include:
Southwest Airlines offers low-cost flights while providing amenities such as free checked bags and no change fees. IKEA offers stylish furniture at lower prices by using flat-packaging and self-assembly, which reduces manufacturing and transportation costs. Walmart offers low prices by using a combination of economies of scale, efficient supply chain management, and leveraging technology.Learn more about Fastjet:
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purchases and sales of government securities by the federal reserve are called group of answer choices discount loans. federal fund transfers. open market operations. swap transactions.
Open Market Operations refer to the purchase and sale of government securities by the Federal Reserve in order to influence the money supply and interest rates in the economy.
Open market operations are the primary tool used by the Federal Reserve to manage the money supply. Through open market operations, the Federal Reserve can increase or decrease the money supply by buying and selling government bonds, such as Treasury bills and notes.
When the Federal Reserve buys bonds, it increases the money supply and decreases interest rates. When it sells bonds, it decreases the money supply and increases interest rates. By adjusting the money supply, the Federal Reserve is able to influence economic activity and manage inflation.
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AT&T stock has the following probability distribution of expected prices one year from now: State Probability Price
1. 20% $ 15
2. 30% $ 22
3. 50% $ 31
If you buy AT&T today for $19 and it will pay a dividend during the year of $0.8 per share, what is your expected holding-period return on AT&T?
The expected holding-period return on AT&T is 25.47%.
To calculate the expected holding-period return, we need to calculate the expected future stock price and add the dividend to it, then divide by the current stock price and subtract 1. Using the probability distribution given:
Expected future stock price = (0.2 x $15) + (0.3 x $22) + (0.5 x $31) = $23.3
Expected holding-period return = ($23.3 + $0.8) / $19 - 1 = 25.47%
Therefore, the expected holding-period return on AT&T is 25.47%.
The concept of holding-period return (HPR) is used in finance to quantify the return earned by an investor over a period of time on a certain investment. In the given question, we are trying to calculate the expected holding-period return on AT&T using a probability distribution.
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A 2010 study of 240 randomly-selected residents of a subtropical resort city with 82,000 residents found that
5.4% of them had been exposed to the mosquito-borne virus that causes Dengue fever. Suppose the actual
percentage of people in the city who have been exposed to the virus is 3%. Let p = the proportion of
residents who have been exposed in a random sample of 240,
____ 18. Use Scenario 7-3. The mean p of p is
A. 0.03.
B. 0.054.
C. 7.2.
D. 13.
E. 240.
The mean of p is A) 0.03.
This is because the mean of p is equal to the actual percentage of people in the city who have been exposed to the virus, which is given as 3%. Therefore, the mean of p is 0.03.
It is important to note that the mean of p is not affected by the size of the sample, which is why the answer is not B. 0.054, C. 7.2, D. 13, or E. 240. These answers are all related to the sample size or the percentage of people in the sample who have been exposed to the virus, but they are not relevant to the mean of p.
In conclusion, the mean of p is equal to the actual percentage of people in the city who have been exposed to the virus, which is 3%, or 0.03.
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Imagine that you are a Guatemalan farmer, working on a United Fruit Company farm around the time that the fungus spread through the region. You no longer have family land to fall back on because a government official sold your land to the banana company without your permission a few years ago. You lose your job when the United Fruit Company abandons their plantation to the fungus. What might you do to make sure your family has money to survive on? (Keep in mind that at this point, United Fruit Company owns over 40 percent of the arable land in your country.
Some possible options include looking for alternative employment, starting a small business, seeking out government assistance, joining a cooperative, and joining a labor union.
1. Look for alternative employment: Reach out to other farmers or consider non-agricultural jobs.
2. Start a small business: Sell goods or services to generate income.
3. Join a cooperative: Work with other farmers to sell goods and access resources.
4. Seek government assistance: Look for programs that provide financial support to farmers.
5. Join a labor union: Advocate for better working conditions and wages.
Remember to form a community with other affected farmers to advocate for your rights and work towards a better future.
What is an employment?
Employment refers to a relationship between an employer and an employee, where the employer provides compensation to the employee in exchange for their work. In general, an employment arrangement includes an agreement on job responsibilities, working hours, compensation, and other terms and conditions of employment.
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Papercraft Inc. is considering introducing a job sharing program for some departments in the company. Which of the following, if true, would weaken Papercraft's decision?
A) An employee survey revealed that most employees would prefer to have more flexible work timings.
B) The nature of the work involves very little feedback.
C) On account of the nature of the projects, most projects are undertaken single-handedly.
D) The company's workforce is mainly composed of young, independent, single male employees.
The correct answer is A) An employee survey revealed that most employees would prefer to have more flexible work timings. This statement weakens Papercraft's decision to introduce a job sharing program because it suggests that the employees would not be interested in participating in the program.
If the employees would prefer to have more flexible work timings, then they would likely not be interested in a job-sharing program, which involves sharing a job with another employee and working less hours.
This would mean that the program would not be successful and would not benefit the company or the employees. Therefore, this statement weakens Papercraft's decision to introduce a job-sharing program.
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At the beginning of September, Helen Rojas started Rojas Wealth Management Consulting, a firm that offers financial planning and advice about Investing and managing money on September 30, the accounting records of the business showed the following information $132,400 16,000 13,600 150,099 Cash Accounts receivable office supplies office equipment Accounts payable Helen Rojas, Capital, September 1, 20X1 Fees Income Advertising expense Salarles expense Telephone expense withdrawals 186,800 311,600 64,000 3,200 Required: Prepare a statement of owner's equity for the month of September and a balance sheet for Rojas Wealth Management Consulting as of September 30, 20X1
A statement of owner's equity is a financial statement that shows the changes in a company's owner's equity over a specific period.
Statement of Owner's Equity for the Month of September:
Helen Rojas, Capital, September 1, 20X1: $0
Add: Fees Income: $311,600
Less: Advertising expense: $64,000
Less: Salaries expense: $16,000
Less: Telephone expense: $3,200
Less: Withdrawals: $150,099
Net Income: $78,301
Helen Rojas, Capital, September 30, 20X1: $78,301
Balance Sheet for Rojas Wealth Management Consulting as of September 30, 20X1:
Assets: Cash: $132,400
Accounts receivable: $13,600
Office supplies: $16,000
Office equipment: $150,099
Total Assets: $312,099
Liabilities and Owner's Equity: Accounts payable: $0
Helen Rojas, Capital: $78,301
Total Liabilities and Owner's Equity: $312,099
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Primal problem: Maks. Z=3×1+x2+4×3 6×1+3×2+5×3<=253×1+4×2+5×3<=20X1,x2,x3>−0 Optimum solution tableau of the primal problem is given below ( x4 and ×5 are slack variables for constraints 1 and 2 respectively): a) Find the dual optimum solution (dual variables and dual objective value) from tableau. ( 5 p.) b) If a new decision variable has been added to problem and objective function coefficient is Ist constraint coefficient is 2nd constraint coefficient is 4 for this variable; does the primal optimum solution change, explain? If the optimum solution changes which values in the tableau change, explain? (15 p.)
a)The dual objective value is W = 253(23/37) + 20(4/37) = 1300/37, and the dual variables are y1 = 4/37 and y2 = 0.
From the given tableau, the dual problem can be formulated as follows:
Minimize W = 253y1 + 20y2
subject to:
6y1 + 3y2 ≥ 3
y1 + 4y2 ≥ 1
5y1 + 5y2 ≥ 4
where y1 and y2 are the dual variables corresponding to the first and second primal constraints, respectively. The dual objective value is W = 253(23/37) + 20(4/37) = 1300/37, and the dual variables are y1 = 4/37 and y2 = 0.
b) If a new decision variable is added with objective function coefficient of 2 for the first constraint and 4 for the second constraint, then the primal problem becomes:
Maximize Z = 3x1 + x2 + 4x3 + 2x4 + 4x5
subject to:
6x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 + x4 ≤ 25
3x1 + 4x2 + 5x3 + 4x5 ≤ 20
x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 ≥ 0
The primal optimum solution will change because the introduction of the new variable changes the problem structure. The values in the tableau that will change are the coefficients in the objective row and the coefficients in the slack variable columns corresponding to the first and second constraints.
The new optimum solution can be found using the simplex method.
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policies based on abc analysis might include investing part 2 a. more in inventory security for c items. b. extra care in forecasting for c items. c. more in supplier development for a items. d. the most time and effort verifying the accuracy of records for b items.
Policies based on ABC analysis might include A. investing more in inventory security for C items.
In this way, it will minimize theft, spoilage, or other loss of products. Extra care in forecasting for C items is also necessary, because these items have the least sales. Hence, forecasting can be more difficult. More investment in supplier development for A items might help to create a better relationship with the suppliers. As A items are high-value items, suppliers can play a crucial role in ensuring a consistent supply of these items. Hence, it is necessary to invest more in supplier development for A items. The most time and effort verifying the accuracy of records for B items is also necessary, as these items fall in between A and C items.
Hence, it requires more attention as compared to C items but not as much as A items. The following policies can be developed based on ABC analysis:Investing more in inventory security for C items.Extra care in forecasting for C items.More investment in supplier development for A items.The most time and effort verifying the accuracy of records for B items. Hence, policies based on ABC analysis are necessary to optimize the use of resources and minimize any losses.
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Intro to Material management - Case Study 5.1: 1) Pick a work
center or piece of equipment that has caused some capacity problem
in recent past. List all the product models that use that work
center.
One work center that has caused a capacity problem in the recent past, along with the product models that use that work center, is described in Case Study 5.1 for Introduction to Material Management.
It gives a broad overview of the production process, from the acquisition of raw materials through the distribution of finished goods. To address the question of Case Study 5.1, it is necessary to identify a work center that has been problematic in the past, and to compile a list of all the product models that use that work center. In the case study, the work center in question is the shaft-press department, which is used to produce steel shafts for car suspensions, gear sets, and transmissions for both small and large vehicles.
The following models utilize the shaft-press department:
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Use general systems theory concepts to justify an argument as to whether an open market such as a single quater open market is system or not a system
According to the general systems theory, a system is defined as a set of interconnected and interdependent elements that work together to achieve a common goal or purpose.
Based on this definition, an open market such as a single quarter open market can be considered a system.
In an open market, there are various elements or components that interact with each other to achieve a common goal, which is to facilitate the exchange of goods and services between buyers and sellers. These components include buyers, sellers, intermediaries, goods and services, pricing mechanisms, regulations, and market information. All these components are interconnected and interdependent, and they work together to create a functioning market.
Furthermore, the open market system exhibits certain characteristics of a system. For example, it has inputs and outputs salvage value, which are the goods and services that are exchanged between buyers and sellers.
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What measures could be taken to enhance the eco-design of CNC
machines and their long-term production processes?
Several measures can be taken to enhance the eco-design of CNC machines and their long-term production processes which includes Reducing energy consumption , Reducing material waste , Using sustainable materials etc.
1. Reducing energy consumption: CNC machines can be designed to use less energy by optimizing the machining process and using energy-efficient motors and controllers.
2. Reducing material waste: CNC machines can be designed to minimize material waste by using optimized cutting tools and strategies.
3. Using sustainable materials: CNC machines can be made using sustainable materials, such as recycled or biodegradable plastics, to reduce their environmental impact.
4. Implementing a closed-loop system: CNC machines can be designed to recycle and reuse materials, such as coolant and lubricants, to reduce waste and minimize environmental impact.
5. Optimizing the production process: CNC machines can be designed to optimize the production process, such as reducing the number of steps and minimizing the use of hazardous substances, to reduce environmental impact.
By implementing these measures, CNC machines can be designed to be more eco-friendly and sustainable, reducing their impact on the environment and promoting long-term production processes.
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you shorted 500 shares of Lehman brothers stock when the stock was trading at $200. you have an initial margin requirement of 50% and a maintenance margin requirement of 30%. the stock paid a $2 per share dividend during the year and you settled your trade at a price of $175.
What is the margin call price? (a)
How much is your total profit or loss on the trade? (b)
what was your ROR on the trade? (c)
note: use- to represent a Negetive.
(a) The margin call price is $30,000. (b) The total profit on the trade is $6,500. (c) The ROR on the trade is 13%.
(a) The margin call price is given as:
Margin call price = (Initial margin requirement + Additional amount required) / (Number of shares × Price per share)
Here, the initial margin requirement is 50% and the maintenance margin requirement is 30%. Therefore, the minimum margin required should be 30% of the total value of the shares you shorted. This is the maintenance margin amount that should be in your account to avoid a margin call.
Now, let's calculate the amount you need to add to your account to avoid a margin call. The total value of the shares you shorted is $100,000 (500 × $200). The maintenance margin amount should be $30,000 (30% of $100,000). The amount you have in your account is $50,000 (50% of $100,000).
Therefore, you need to add an additional amount of $(30,000 - 50,000) = $(-20,000) to your account to avoid a margin call. Hence, Margin call price = (50% - 20%) × 500 × $200 = $30,000.
(b) The total profit or loss is given as:
Total profit or loss = (Initial investment + or - Additional profit or loss) - Total expenses
Here, your initial investment is the margin amount you put up to short the shares. Therefore,
Initial investment = 50% × 500 × $200 = $50,000
Additional profit or loss includes the dividend paid on the shares and the profit or loss on settling the trade. You shorted 500 shares, and each share paid a dividend of $2. Therefore, the total dividend received is $1,000 (500 × $2). You settled the trade at $175 per share. Therefore, the profit or loss is $(200 - 175) × 500 = $12,500 (a loss).
Total expenses include the amount you need to add to your account to avoid a margin call. Therefore,Total expenses = $(-20,000)
Total profit or loss = ($50,000 - $1,000 - $12,500) - $(-20,000) = $6,500
(c) The return on investment (ROR) is given as:
Return on investment (ROR) = Total profit or loss / Initial investment
ROR = $6,500 / $50,000 = 0.13 or 13%
Therefore, the ROR on the trade is 13%.
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you run a small business selling your own granola primarily through whole foods. you are considering launching a keto version of your granola, but your business partner mentions that there is a risk of cannibalization. what does that mean? the cost of advertising your new product ends up being higher than the gain in profits retailers decided not to carry all the options in the line and removed some of the original granola consumers became confused about which product has what benefits much of the sales for the new product would come from consumers who switched from buying your original granola the total sales volume will be lower than it would have been if you only sold your traditional product
Cannibalization refers to the risk of sales of a new product coming from consumers who would have purchased the company's existing product(s).
Therefore, much of the sales for the new product would come from consumers who switched from buying your original granola.
What is cannibalization?Cannibalization refers to the reduction in sales of an existing product line that results from the introduction of a new product. This usually occurs when a new product from the same company is introduced in the market to compete with an existing product.
The risk of cannibalization arises because much of the sales for the new product would come from consumers who would have purchased the company's existing product(s). This reduces the sales volume of the original product and lowers the total sales volume compared to if only the traditional product was sold.
Hence, the introduction of a keto version of your granola may reduce the sales of your traditional granola. However, the decision to launch the keto version of your granola should be taken after careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks.
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In preparing a bank reconciliation, WHT IS THE PROPER TREATMENT OF A DEPOSIT IN TRANSIT? Subtract from the reported cash in the companys books, or subtract from the reported cash balance in the bank statement, or add to the reported cash balance in the companys books, or add to the reported cash balance in the bank statement
Add to the reported cash balance in the bank statement is the proper treatment of a deposit in transit.
What is deposit in transit?
Money that has been received by a business and registered in the business's bookkeeping system is referred to as a deposit in transit. Although the payment has already been delivered to the bank, it hasn't yet been processed and credited to the account. Even though it might take the bank several days to process the deposit and post it to the bank balance, in financial accounting, these funds are recorded in the company's cash balance on the day the deposit is received.
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A negative balance in the current account means that
a trade deficit definitely exists.
a trade surplus definitely exists.
the total amount of goods, services, and transfer payments flowing out of the economy is more than the total amount flowing in.
more is being spent on domestic goods than foreign goods.
the capital account is negative.
Answer:
A negative balance in the current account means that the total amount of goods, services, and transfer payments flowing out of the economy is more than the total amount flowing in. Therefore, the correct option is:
the total amount of goods, services, and transfer payments flowing out of the economy is more than the total amount flowing in.
A negative balance in the current account indicates that a country is importing more goods and services than it is exporting, which leads to an outflow of funds to other countries. This can result in a trade deficit, but it is not a definitive indication of a trade deficit because a country may also be running a surplus on the capital account or receiving foreign aid, which can offset the current account deficit.
Explanation:
1. When you purchased your house, you took out a 30-year annual-payment mortgage with an interest rate of 6% per year. The annual payment on the mortgage is $12,000. You have just made a payment and have now decided to pay the mortgage off by repaying the outstanding balance. What is the payoff amount if: (5 Marks) a. You have lived in the house for 12 years (SO there are 18 years left on the mortgage)? b. You have lived in the house for 20 years (SO there are 10 years left on the mortgage)? C. You have lived in the house for 12 years (so there are 18 years left on the mortgage) and you decide to pay off the mortgage immediately before the twelfth payment is due?
To calculate the payoff amount for a mortgage, we need to determine the remaining balance on the loan. This can be done using the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PV = PMT * [(1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r]
Where PV is the present value (or remaining balance), PMT is the annual payment, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years remaining on the loan.
a. If you have lived in the house for 12 years, there are 18 years left on the mortgage. Plugging in the values into the formula, we get:
PV = 12,000 * [(1 - (1 + 0.06)^-18) / 0.06]
PV = $153,620.72
So the payoff amount if you have lived in the house for 12 years is $153,620.72.
b. If you have lived in the house for 20 years, there are 10 years left on the mortgage. Plugging in the values into the formula, we get:
PV = 12,000 * [(1 - (1 + 0.06)^-10) / 0.06]
PV = $86,855.46
So the payoff amount if you have lived in the house for 20 years is $86,855.46.
c. If you have lived in the house for 12 years and decide to pay off the mortgage immediately before the twelfth payment is due, there are still 18 years left on the mortgage. The payoff amount will be the same as in part a, $153,620.72.
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On October 2019, assume that Aravos Company agreed to build an office building. The contract price of $800 million is to be paid as follows: $300 million at the time of signing; $200 million on December 31, 2109; and $300 million at completion in July 2020. Aravos Co incurred the following costs in constructing the building; $240 million in 2019, and $360 million in 2020. Compute the gross profit for Aravos for 2019 assuming that its performance obligation is fulfilled over time and that the costs it incurs are reflective of the value conveyed.
The gross profit for Aravos for 2019 assuming that its performance obligation is fulfilled over time and that the costs it incurs are reflective of the value conveyed is $80 million.
It is given that: Contract price = $800 million, Payments: $300 million at the time of signing, $200 million on December 31, 2109, and $300 million at completion in July 2020. Costs incurred: $240 million in 2019 and $360 million in 2020. We need to compute the gross profit for Aravos for 2019, assuming that its performance obligation is fulfilled over time and that the costs it incurs are reflective of the value conveyed. Gross profit:
Gross Profit = Revenue - Cost
Revenue = Contract Price and Cost = Costs incurred
Revenue from the sale will be recognized using the Percentage of Completion method. In 2019:
Percentage of work completed = Cost incurred in 2019/Total cost incurred
Percentage of work completed = 240/(240+360)
Percentage of work completed = 40%
Revenue for 2019 = Percentage of work completed * Contract Price
Revenue for 2019 = 0.4 * 800
Revenue for 2019 = $320 million
Costs for 2019 = $240 million
Therefore,
Gross Profit for 2019 = Revenue - Cost
Gross Profit for 2019 = $320 million - $240 million
Gross Profit for 2019 = $80 million.
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For all of 2022, A, a U.S. citizen, owns 8% of a controlled foreign corporation ("CFC") outright. A also owns 20% of another foreign corporation ("FC") which owns 5% of CFC. The balance of FC is owned by a U.S. income tax nonresident alien ("NRA"). The balance of CFC is owned 1% by A’s U.S. citizen son ("S") and 86% by A’s long-time U.S. income tax resident alien ("RA") friend ("F"). If CFC has 2022 so-called tainted or subpart F income of $500,000, how much will A have to report in his 2022 gross income?Group of answer choicesa) $40,000b) $50,000c) $45,000d) $500,000
If controlled foreign corporation (CFC) has 2022 so-called tainted F income of $500000 then A will report $45,000 in his 2022 gross income. The correct answer is a)
A will have to report his pro-rata share of the CFC's subpart F income in his gross income. A's direct ownership of CFC is 8%, and his indirect ownership through FC is 20% x 5% = 1%.
Therefore, his total ownership of CFC is 8% + 1% = 9%. A's pro-rata share of the subpart F income would be 9% x $500,000 = $45,000.
A's son's ownership of CFC does not have an impact on A's calculation, as the ownership is less than 10%. F's ownership of CFC is not attributed to A under the rules of constructive ownership because F is a U.S. income tax resident alien. Thus, option (a) is correct.
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label each of the following statements true, false, or uncertain. explain briefly. a. the largest component of gdp is consumption. b. government spending, including transfers was equal to 19% of gdp in 2003. c. the propensity to consume has to be positive, but otherwise it can take on any positive value. d. fiscal policy describes the choices of government spending and taxes, and is treated as exogenous in our goods market model. e. the equilibrium condition for the goods market states that consumption equals output. f. an increase of one unit in government spending leads to an increase of one unit in equilibrium output. g. an increase in the propensity to consume leads to a decrease in outpu
Economic models are simplified representations of real-world economic phenomena that use assumptions and data to analyze, predict, and understand economic behavior.
a. True. Consumption is the largest component of GDP, representing the total amount of goods and services purchased by households, which accounts for over two-thirds of GDP in many countries, including the United States.
b. True. The percentage of government spending, including transfers, in relation to GDP in a given year is known as the government spending ratio. In 2003, the government spending ratio was indeed equal to 19% of GDP.
c. Uncertain. The propensity to consume refers to the fraction of additional income that households choose to spend on consumption. This fraction is always positive, as any additional income will lead to some level of additional consumption. However, the exact value of the propensity to consume can vary, depending on factors such as income level, consumer preferences, and economic conditions.
d. False. Fiscal policy refers to the government's decisions regarding taxation and spending, which can have an impact on economic activity. In a goods market model, fiscal policy is not treated as exogenous, as changes in government spending and taxation can affect the equilibrium level of output.
e. True. The equilibrium condition for the goods market states that total spending (which is the sum of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports) equals output, as all goods and services produced must be purchased by someone in the economy.
f. Uncertain. The impact of an increase in government spending on equilibrium output depends on a variety of factors, such as the initial level of output, the nature of the spending, and the overall state of the economy. In some cases, an increase in government spending may lead to a corresponding increase in output, but in other cases, the impact may be smaller or even negative.
g. False. An increase in the propensity to consume would lead to an increase in consumption, which would increase output in the short run, as businesses would need to produce more to meet the additional demand. In the long run, however, the impact on output would depend on the extent to which increased consumption leads to increased investment, which can increase the economy's productive capacity.
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