Answer:
Carbon moves from living things to the atmosphere.
Each time you exhale, you are releasing carbon dioxide gas (CO2) into the atmosphere. Animals and plants get rid of carbon dioxide gas through a process called respiration.
Explanation:
Carbon is the element found in all organic molecules. During respiration, animals excrete carbon dioxide as gas.
What is respiration?Respiration is a metabolic process that occurs in all living organisms. In respiration, oxidation of organic carbon compounds occurs which results in the production of carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
Respiration is of two types aerobic and anaerobic respiration. In aerobic respiration oxidation of organic compounds takes place in presence of oxygen whereas, In anaerobic respiration, oxygen is absent. For example, alcohol fermentation is anaerobic respiration and glycolysis is aerobic respiration.
In respiration, living organisms take oxygen in and respire carbon dioxide out along with the evolution of energy.
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Assuming that r_Inst =1.0 and K=1,500 , calculate the population growth rate for four cases where population size (N) is greater than carrying capacity (K): N=1,510,1,600,1,750 , and 2,000 individuals. To do this, first write the equation for population growth rate given in Table 53.3. Plug in the values for each of the four cases, starting with N=1,510 , and solve the equation for each one. Which population size has the highest growth rate?
The population growth rate for four cases where population size (N) is greater than carrying capacity (K): N=1,510,1,600,1,750 , and 2,000 individuals. First one has the highest growth rate.
Equation :ΔN/Δt = rinst N (K-N) / K
1) (1)1,510 (1,500-1,510) / 1,500 = -10
(1)1,600 (1,500-1,600) / 1,500 = -107
(1)1,750 (1,500-1,750) / 1,500 = -292
(1)2,000 (1,500-2,000) / 1,500 = -667
Population growth rate :Population growth is the rise in the number of persons in a population or scattered group. Around 83 million people, or 1.1% of the world's population, are added every year. From 1 billion people in 1800 to 7.9 billion in 2020, the world's population has increased.
To commemorate this achievement, the global initiative 7 Billion Actions was started. The population of the world is projected to rise by 2 billion people during the next 30 years, from 7.7 billion people today to 9.7 billion in 2050, with a potential peak of approximately 11 billion people around the year 2100.
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Given that humans thermoregulate, explain why your skin is cooler than your body core.
Answer:
Because the skin is more exposed to the environment, skin temperature fluctuates more widely than core temperature.
early anatomical injury patterns predict epilepsy in head cooled neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Infantile spasms were strongly predicted by brainstem injury, whereas short-term post-neonatal epilepsy was weakly predicted by cortical injury alone. When babies are treated with selective head cooling for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the location of the anatomical injury on the magnetic resonance imaging can serve as an early predictor of the development of infantile spasms and provide information on prognosis options.
Describe the brainstem:The bottom portion of the brain that connects to the spinal cord is called the brain stem (part of the central nervous system in the spinal column). The majority of the body's autonomic processes, which are vital to life, are controlled by the brain stem. One of these is breathing, heartbeat.
What portion of the brain is the brain stem?The cerebrum and spinal cord are linked by the brainstem, which is in the centre of the brain. The midbrain, pons, and medulla are all parts of the brainstem.
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2. Which rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply?
A. primary producers
B. biomass
C. autotrophs
D. consumers
The organisms that rely on others for their energy and food supply are consumers.
Producer/ Autotroph: A living creature that produces its own food from sunlight, air, and soil is known as a producer. Green plants create food in their leaves through the process of photosynthesis. They are the primary producers in a food chain, also known as autotrophs. Biomass: The energy in living organisms is called biomass. Autotrophs transform solar energy into biomass. Each trophic level causes the biomass to decrease. Lower trophic levels always have more biomass than higher ones do.Consumer: A living organism that consumes is one that cannot produce its own food. Food consumption provides energy for consumers. Every animal is a consumer.Hence, the correct answer is D. consumers.
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Compare the function of retinal in the eye with that of the pigment chlorophyll in a plant photosystem (see Concept 10.2).
The process of light detection is started when retinal absorbs light and changes from its cis isomer to its trans isomer. Instead of causing isomerization, a photon that is absorbed by chlorophyll raises an electron to a higher energy orbital and starts the electron flow that produces ATP and NADPH.
Retina of the eye:Light that enters your eye is converted by the retina into electrical signals that your optic nerve sends to your brain, which produce the images you see. It's an important aspect of your vision.What pigments does a photosystem consist?Some cofactors, including the pigments lutein, beta-carotene, and neoxanthin, as well as chlorophylls a and b, are attached to particular locations in the pigment binding proteins PSI and PSII. These cofactors are essential for the photosynthetic process of light absorption.What role does pigment play in the photosystem?Although certain pigment-binding proteins may also be involved in other photosynthesis-related activities, the primary role of the pigment-binding proteins is to capture solar energy and transport it, in the form of excitation energy, to P680 in the end.To learn more about photosystem visit:
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Which diagnostic study is used to differentiate normal tissue from diseased tissue?
Histopathology is the diagnostic study used to differentiate normal tissue from diseased tissue.
Histopathology, the microscopic examination of tissues and/or cells, is the diagnosis and study of tissue damage.Histopathologists are responsible for diagnosing tissue samples and helping physicians oversee patient care. Physicians specializing in histopathology often work in collaboration with other clinical disciplines. The diagnosis can be made by examining a small amount of tissue from the skin, liver, kidneys, or other organs. known as a biopsy.Histopathologists provide cancer diagnostic services. They treat cells and tissue removed from suspicious "lumps and bumps", determine the nature of the abnormality, and if the abnormality is malignant, inform the clinician of the type of cancer, its grade, and possibly the cancer. Cancer responds to certain treatments.Therefore, histopathology is the correct answer.
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A chemical imbalance in the blood can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which will have a detrimental effect on other organs. this observation can be attributed to?
This observation can be attributed to emergent properties.
What are emergent properties?It is a sequence of effects on interconnected organs.It is a cause-and-effect relationship in a set of organs.When a problem in a specific organ can provoke adverse reactions in other organs throughout the body, we have an example of emergent properties, as was shown in the question above where a malfunction in the heart causes problems in other organs.
These emergent properties are more prominent in organs that are part of the same system, but the existence of these reactions in organs of different systems is not abnormal.
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Number of votes 5. Suppose you wanted to quickly know who won an election. Would you rather look at a bar graph or a frequency table? Explain.
To determine who would win, I would glance at a bar chart.
A "t-chart" or two-column table that lists all potential outcomes and the corresponding frequencies seen in a sample is what is known as a frequency table.
Also known as a bar chart, this visual representation of quantitative comparison uses rectangles whose lengths are proportionate to the quantity of the data or items being compared. People may find it simpler to comprehend the significance of the material more quickly with a bar chart as a result. Furthermore, communicating with data presented graphically as opposed to verbally or through text might be more effective and quick.
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dysfibrinogenemia can be caused by many different structural mutations of the fibrinogen genes, and can result in bleeding, thrombosis, or in some patients, no symptoms. a lab test which differentiates dysfibrinogenemia from afibrinogenemia is:
A lab test which differentiates dysfibrinogenemia from afibrinogenemia is Fibrinogen antigen assay.
Dysfibrinogenemia :Dysfibrinogenemia is a coagulation (clotting) illness distinguished by the presence of an aberrant type of fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is a protein generated by the liver that aids in the formation of blood clots, which helps to control bleeding. The presence of aberrant fibrinogen leads to poor clot formation and might result in an enhanced or decreased ability to clot.
What causes dysfibrinogenemia?The most prevalent form of acquired dysfibrinogenemia is caused by liver disorders such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, or tumors. Autoimmune disorders are another cause of acquired dysfibrinogenemia.
How is dysfibrinogenemia diagnosed?Dysfibrinogenemia is traditionally diagnosed by aberrant fibrin clot formation assays; the thrombin time and reptilase time are screening tests, and the fibrinogen clotting activity-antigen ratio is the confirmation test.
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a researcher studying two species (species 1 and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight codons from the same gene, gene a, in each and compares them. species 1 and species 2 had a most recent common ancestor 50 million years ago.
Genetic drift
The changes are random with respect to codon position and amino acid changes. In addition, the changes are not the same between both species.
In layman's terms, what is genetic drift?Genetic drift is the variation in the frequency of an existing gene variant among residents caused by random chance. Genetic drift can cause gene variants to vanish completely, reducing genetic variation. It may also cause previously rare alleles to become much more common, and even fixed.
What factors contribute to genetic drift?Genetic drift is a natural process that can result in significant changes in residents in a short period of time. Random drift is caused by recurring small population sizes, severe population declines known as "bottlenecks," and founder events in which a new population jumps from a small number of individuals.
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many plants grow better with relatively high concentrations of in the greenhouse atmosphere.
Many plants grow better with relatively high concentrations of
carbon dioxide in the greenhouse atmosphere.
We can describe a greenhouse as an artificially constructed area where optimal conditions are given to a plant for its growth. The greenhouse protects the plants from harsh weather.
In a greenhouse, higher concentrations of carbon dioxide gas are maintained. This is done, in order to facilitate the plant for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light energy. As carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis, hence the levels of carbon dioxide gas are kept higher in a greenhouse.
The optimal conditions provided in a greenhouse make plant growth possible even during unfavorable environmental conditions.
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Give examples of human actions that could expand a species' distribution by changing its (a) dispersal or (b) biotic interactions.
The study of the geographic distribution of biological species as aggregated by a grid, a region, or any other administrative or analytical unit is known as a biodiversity subject.
Dispersion or distribution patterns refer to how members of a population are dispersed throughout space at any given moment.Dispersal or migration away from origins or densely populated places is one factor that affects the global distribution of species. We must comprehend organism dispersion in order to comprehend how geographic isolation affects evolution and patterns of species distribution.By altering landscapes and natural vectors, humans have a large direct and indirect impact on dispersal.Animals living in the same community interact biologically when they directly or indirectly affect one another. They are essential to the growth of contemporary communities. Interactions with other species, such as herbivores and predators, reduce a species' ability to survive and procreate.Negative effects of human behavior on other organisms. With certain animals, humans compete for resources, prey on others, and change the ecosystem.Learn more about the Species distribution with the help of the given link:
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Suppose you exposed various fish species from the minnows' environment to the alarm substance from minnows. Thinking about natural selection, suggest why some species might respond like minnows, some might increase their activity, and some might show no change.
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An important species in the Chesapeake Bay estuary (see Figure 54.16 ) is the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). It is an omnivore, eating eelgrass and other primary producers as well as clams. It is also a cannibal. In turn, the crabs are eaten by humans and by the endangered Kemp's Ridley sea turtle. Based on this information, draw a food web that includes the blue crab. Assuming that the top-down model holds for this system, what would happen to the abundance of eelgrass if humans stopped eating blue crabs?
Assuming that the top-down model holds for the system, if humans stopped eating blue crabs, the abundance of eelgrass will be severely reduced since crab numbers would increase.
What is a food web?A food web is a graphical representation of the inter-relationship between linear food chains in a particular environment or habitat.
The food web showing the blue crab, eelgrass, clams, Kemp's Ridley sea turtle and humans is found in the attachment.
The top-down model illustrates how predators will change the population of organisms below them.
Given that the top-down model holds for this system, if humans stopped eating blue crabs, the abundance of eelgrass will be severely reduced.
In conclusion, an abundance of blue crabs will reduce the population of eelgrass.
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identification of deep-intronic splice mutations in a large cohort of patients with inherited retinal diseases
Mutation is the causative factor leading to (Inherited Retinal Diseases) IRDs. But, there sequencing remains a issue due to their position, which is non coding regions. Generally the coding regions are targeted for sequencing.
So, authors Qian et al., 2021 used Whole genome sequencing (used in Human Genome Project also) to understand the role of deep intronic splice variants to IRD. They identified 6 harmful variants which were further validated by minigene system, by checking the splicing patterns. The assigned prediction scores to the disrupted splice site was seen to be correctly associated with changed mRNA formation. Thus, authors conclude that deep intronic sites should be further researched for further understanding and development of treatment methods.
Splice site refers to the region between the exon and intron that is responsible for splicing of codon into correct sequence for formation of protein. Variation in splicing will result in abnormal protein formation, through defected mRNA, subsequently leading to Inherited Retinal Diseases. Studies on these variants can provide cure of this existing eye problem.
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hat is a similarity between the phases of the moon in week 2 and week 4?(1 point)
They both start in waxing.
They both start with a quarter moon.
They both end with a full moon.
They both start in waning.
A similarity between the phases of the moon in week 2 and week 4 is that they both start with a quarter moon and is denoted as option B.
What is a Moon?This refers to a large natural object that orbits around the Earth and derives its light source from a part of the solar system which is referred to as the Sun.
In the phases of the moon in week 2 and week 4, only ¼ of the moon is lit by the sun and facing towards the earth which represents a quarter moon in this type if scenario.
This is therefore the reason why quarter moon was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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a homozygous red-eyed female drosophila mates with a red-eyed male drosophila. what proportion of the female offspring will have white eyes?
Sex-linked genes are located on sex chrosomomes and that are inherited together with them. If a X⁺X⁺ red-eyed female drosophila mates with a red-eyed male, 0% of the progeny will have white eyes. Option 2.
What is a sex-linked gene?Genes are physically located and arranged in the chromosomes.
Each chromosome contains several genes that vary in length and code for different traits. So, all chromosomes are different, except for the homologous ones.
When talking about sex-linked genes, we refer to genes located in one of the sex chromosomes. In general, genes are linked to the X chromosome.
Being linked to one of the sex chromosomes means that these genes, and their corresponding alleles, will only be inherited together with the chromosome.
In the case of X-linked genes, a male that inherits the X chromosome from a heterozygous female can express either the dominant or the recessive trait, depending on which allele it got from the mother.
Eye color in drosophila is an x-linked trait and the gene responsible for the trait expresses complete dominance. This means
the dominant allele, +, codes for red eyes the recessive allele, -, codes for white eyes.Genotypes Phenotypes
X⁺X⁺ Red-eyed female
X⁺X⁻ Red-eyed female
X⁻X⁻ White-eyed female
X⁺Y Red-eyed male
X⁻Y White-eyed male
If a red-eyed female (X⁺X⁺ or X⁺X⁻) mates with a red-eyed male (X⁺Y), the progeny will ONLY express red eyes.
This is because each parent provides an X chromosome to the progeny.
The male can only transmit the X⁺ chromosome that codes for red eyes.
Considering complete dominance, even if the female transmit the X⁻, the progeny will express the red phenotype.
The correct option is 2, 0% of the progeny will have white eyes.
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Complete question,
If a homozygous red-eyed female drosophila mates with a red-eyed male drosophila. what proportion of the female offspring will have white eyes?
50%0%25%75%100% In human spermatogenesis, mitosis of a stem cell gives rise to one cell that remains a stem cell and one cell that becomes a spermatogonium.
(b) For one spermatogonium, draw the cells it would produce from one round of mitosis followed by meiosis. Label the cells, and label mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis could be a organic process that retains the identical number of chromosomes in daughter cells as the initial cell.
In humans, she has 46 chromosomes, that the DNA is replicated before the cell divides, and both daughter cells retain the initial 46 her chromosomes.
Meiosis could be a specialized organic process that produces haploid gametes. There are two cell divisions, and every of the four gametes becomes just one half the chromosome, one copy each rather than two.In humans, this causes her to possess 23 chromosomes each. 4 sperm will be made. Male spermatogenesis begins at puberty and continues throughout life. Thus, stem cells provide a relentless supply of cells that undergo meiosis while maintaining a unbroken population of stem cells.
Therefore, spermatogenesis requires a mix of mitosis and meiosis.
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If both copies of a light-chain gene and \mathrm{a} heavy-chain gene recombined in each (diploid) B cell, how would this affect B cell development and function?
Four different receptors might be created if each B cell produced 2 different light and heavy chains for its antigen receptor.
What exactly are the antibody's heavy chains?The general class or isotype of an antibody is determined by the type of heavy chain. IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM antibodies each contain one of these chains.
What is the purpose of the heavy chain?Ig can be expressed on the surface of B cells thanks to a transmembrane domain that may be present in heavy chains. They enable antigen-specific binding and subsequent B cell activation. Importantly, the antibody's ability to bind antigen is insufficient to create a signal that activates cells.
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The model shown in Figure 11.7 represents the receptor in an inactive state, not bound to a G protein. Can you suggest an approach for crystalizing the protein that would reveal the structure of the receptor while it is actively signaling?
The receptor is confined to a G protein when it is actively broadcasting a signal to the within the cell. It may be beneficial to crystallize the receptor in the existence of many duplicates of the G protein in order to determine a structure equivalent to that state.
The receptor is normally a large, relatively stationary molecule with a specific ligand binding site. When a ligand binds to a receptor, its structural and/or chemical properties are typically altered.
G proteins are highly specialized proteins that can attach the nucleotides guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
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A musical chord consists of several notes, each formed by a sound wave of different frequency. If a chord had notes with frequencies of 100, 1,000, and 6,000 Hz, what would happen to the basilar membrane? How would this result in your hearing a chord?
According to the statement, the most appropriate options are: D.
The basilar membrane will oscillate in several places, with peaks at A, B and C.
What is the basilar membrane?The basilar membrane is the main mechanical component of the inner ear. It has the characteristics of graduated mass and stiffness along its length, and its oscillation patterns act to separate the incoming sound into its component frequencies, thereby activating the conch regions. different ears.
What is the main role of the basilar membrane?The basilar membrane is a structure inside the inner ear that is moved by incoming sound waves and is essential for hearing.
What moves the basilar membrane?A pressure pulse transmitted to the Scala vestibuli by the movement of the stapes causes a shear wave to propagate along the basilar membrane, like a wave traveling from the position of a pebble falling onto a plane of 'water' .
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I understand that the question you are looking for is:
A musical chord consists of several notes, each formed by a sound wave of a different frequency. The three graphs show the patterns of vibration along the basilar membrane for three different frequencies, high (top), medium (middle), and low (bottom). The higher the frequency, the closer the vibration to the oval window. If a chord had notes with frequencies of 100, 1,000, and 6,000 Hz, what would happen to the basilar membrane?
a. It would vibrate with a peak at A only.
b. It would vibrate with a peak at B only.
c. It would vibrate with a peak at C only.
d. It would vibrate at multiple positions, with peaks at A, B, and C.
Why does testing for hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) work as a pregnancy test early in pregnancy but not late in pregnancy? What is the function of hCG in pregnancy?
The testing for hCG works as a pregnancy test in early pregnancy but not in late pregnancy because the hCG level rises in the first week of pregnancy and declines in the later trimesters.
During pregnancy, the hCG levels increase in the first trimester, peak, and then decline in the later trimesters as the pregnancy progresses. Therefore, hCG works as a pregnancy test in early pregnancy but not in late pregnancy.
Functions of hCG in pregnancy:-
hCG promotes the growth of cytotrophoblast cells.During the menstrual cycle, pituitary hCG mimics luteinizing hormone actions.The hCG hormone has an α-subunit and a β-subunit.During pregnancy, hCG also promotes the growth of fetal organs.To learn more about hCG and pregnancy, visit: https://brainly.com/question/1619156
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Aquaporins may be employed during? endocytosis. simple diffusion. osmosis. active transport.
According to the research, the correct option is osmosis. Aquaporins may be employed during osmosis.
What are Aquaporins?They are proteins capable of passing through membrane pores and other non-specific transporters without the need to expend energy.
In this sense, these membrane proteins that function as channels or pores respond to different cellular stimuli through which the cells specifically transport water by osmosis.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is osmosis. Aquaporins may be employed during osmosis.
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Why are fungi classified as opisthokonts despite the fact that most fungi lack flagella?
Answer:
because of lack of needs
Explanation:
If you mate a donkey (2 n = 62) with a horse (2 n = 64) you get a mule. mules are sterile and cannot produce gametes by meiosis because they?
If you mate a donkey (2 n = 62) with a horse (2 n = 64) you get a mule. mules are sterile and cannot produce gametes by meiosis because they: have an odd number of chromosomes.
Meiosis is also called the reductional division. It is the type of cell division where a cell divides into four daughter cells, each having half the number of chromosomes form their parent cell. Meiosis need an even number of chromosomes to divide them equally and hence this is the reason why organisms with odd number of chromosomes cannot reproduce and are sterile.
Chromosomes are the compact structure that comprises of the DNA and the histone protein. The transfer of genetic material from parent to the offspring occurs in this phase of DNA.
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The researchers hypothesized that the toxin increases diffusion of thymidine into the embryos. Explain their logic.
The rate of DNA synthesis is the same with or without toxin, it is likely that DNA becomes more labelled due to increased incorporation of labelled thymidine.
Radiolabelled thymidine is a nucleoside that researchers use to determine his DNA synthesis rate. Increased diffusion of thymidine into the embryo indicates more labeled DNA due to increased incorporation of labeled thymidine.
This increases the rate of thymidine diffusion into the embryo. The rate of DNA synthesis is the same with or without toxin.
Thymidine is the nucleoside building block of DNA, not RNA. Uridine is the nucleoside building block of RNA, but not DNA.
However, thymidine diffusion in embryos is increased by the presence of thymidine. This suggests that labelled thymidine is incorporated into DNA and its abundance increases during DNA synthesis.
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The heart of a normally developing human fetus has a hole between the left and right atria. In some cases, this hole does not close completely before birth. If the hole weren't surgically corrected, how would it affect the O₂ content of the blood entering the systemic circuit?
A hole exists in the septum, the partition separating the atria, in an atrial septal defect.
Because of this, some oxygenated blood from the left atrium passes through the septum's opening into the right atrium, where it combines with blood
What does a foetus having a hole in his heart mean?A congenital cardiac disorder known as an atrial septal defect involves a hole in the septum, which divides the upper chambers of the heart (atria). A hole's size might change and it can shut on its own or need to be surgically repaired. Atrial septal defect is one type of congenital cardiac anomaly.
The left and right atria, or top chambers, are separated by a cardiac condition known as a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Before birth, everyone has this hole, but it normally closes quite quickly.
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In human spermatogenesis, mitosis of a stem cell gives rise to one cell that remains a stem cell and one cell that becomes a spermatogonium.
(a) Draw four rounds of mitosis for a stem cell, and label the daughter cells.
Formation of sperms from germ cells in human male is called spermatogenesis.
Mitosis is a type of cell division when the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is kept the same as in the parent cell. The DNA is copied before the cell divides, and both daughter cells retain the original 46 chromosomes as humans have 46 of them.Specialized cell division known as meiosis is used to create haploid gametes. After two cell divisions, just one copy of each chromosome, rather than two, remains in each of the four gametes. This produces four sperm cells with 23 chromosomes apiece in humans.A man's spermatogenesis starts during puberty and lasts the rest of his life. As a result, stem cells continuously supply the cells needed to go through meiosis.
Therefore, mitotic and meiotic cycles occur during spermatogenesis.
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If the stapes became fused to the other middle ear bones or to the oval window, how would this condition affect hearing? Explain.
Anvil, hammer and stirrup bone. The fusion or immobilization of the bones leads to hearing loss because the bones do not move or vibrate in response to sound waves.
What happened when the bones of the middle ear fuse together?They transmit sound waves to the cochlea (inner ear), converting them into signals sent to the brain. In otosclerosis, the stapes ("legs") begins to fuse with surrounding bone, eventually becoming fused making it unable to move.
What is the function of the oval frame and window?The function of the middle ear is to transmit movement of the tympanic membrane (or tympanic membrane) to the inner ear. This enhance increases the pressure on the connective tissue of the oval window. This pressure is eventually transmitted through the stapes, pressing against the oval window, to the cochlea.
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The researchers found that the Neanderthal fossil had approximately 0.0078 as much ¹⁴C as found originally in the atmosphere.
(d) The researchers cite evidence that modern humans (H. sapiens) became established in the same region as the last Neanderthals approximately 39,000 - 42,000 years ago. What does this suggest about the overlap of Neanderthals and modern humans?
The researchers found that the Neanderthal fossil had approximately 0.0078 as much ¹⁴C as found originally in the atmosphere.
The researchers cite evidence that modern humans (H. sapiens) became established in the same region as the last Neanderthals approximately 39,000 - 42,000 years ago.
What does this suggest about the overlap of Neanderthals and modern humans?
This suggests that the Neanderthals and modern humans may have lived in the same region for up to approximately 2000 years, or they may not overlapped at all.
What does the name neanderthal mean?
Homo is a Latin word meaning "man" or "man". The word neanderthalensis is based on the place where the first large specimen was discovered in 1856 - Neander Valley in Germany. The German word for the valley is "Tal", although in the 1800s it was spelled "Thal". Homo neanderthalensis therefore means 'Neander Valley Man'.
Some people refer to the species as Neanderthal (without the 'h') to reflect the modern German spelling rather than the original spelling, Neanderthal, used to define the species.
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