The following data relate to Sal Amato first years’ experience with 57 fertilization clients:
-Each client required seven applications throughout the year and was billed $42.00 per application.
-Two applications involved Type I fertilizer, which contains a special ingredient for weed control. The remaining five applications involved Type II fertilizer.
-Sal purchased 5,200 pounds of Type I fertilizer at $0.55 per pound and 10,200 pounds of Type II fertilizer at $0.42 per pound. Actual usage amounted to 3,400 pounds of Type I and 7,900 pounds of Type II.
-A new, part-time employee was hired to spread the fertilizer. Sal had to pay premium wages of $11.70 per hour because of a very tight labor market; the employee logged a total of 169 hours at client residences.
-Based on previous knowledge of the operation, articles in trade journals, and conversations with other landscapers, Sal established the following standards:
Fertilizer purchase price per pound: Type I, $0.52; Type II, $0.44
Fertilizer usage: 42 pounds per application
Typical hourly wage rate of landscape personnel: $9.20
Labor time per application: 40 minutes
The operation did not go as smoothly as planned, with customer complaints actually much higher than expected.
After understanding of the above information provided, to calculate the profit or loss of Sal’s new lawn fertilization service, we need more information such as the total revenue. However, generally speaking, we can calculate the profit or loss of a business by using the following formula:
Profit or loss = total revenue - total expenses
Total revenue is the amount of money that a business earns from selling its products or services. In this case, Sal’s total revenue would be 57 clients x 7 applications x $42 per application = $16,002.
Total expenses are all the costs that a business incurs in order to operate. In this case, Sal’s total expenses would include direct materials and direct labor costs as well as other expenses such as overhead costs (e.g., rent, utilities, insurance). We have already calculated the direct materials and direct labor costs in parts 1-3a.
To calculate the profit or loss of Sal’s new lawn fertilization service, we would need to subtract the total expenses from the total revenue. If the result is positive, then Sal has made a profit. If the result is negative, then Sal has incurred a loss.
Thus, 1. the direct-material variances for Type I and Type II fertilizers were unfavorable, indicating that the actual costs of the fertilizers were higher than the standard costs.
2. The direct-labor variances were favorable, but not enough to offset the unfavorable direct-material variances.
3a. The actual cost of the client applications can be calculated as follows:
Total direct materials cost = (3,400 pounds of Type I x $0.55 per pound) + (7,900 pounds of Type II x $0.42 per pound) = $4,187
Total direct labor cost = 169 hours x $11.70 per hour = $1,973.70
Total direct cost = Total direct materials cost + Total direct labor cost = $4,187 + $1,973.70 = $6,160.70
3b. To calculate the profit or loss of Sal’s new lawn fertilization service, we would need to subtract the total expenses from the total revenue. If the result is positive, then Sal has made a profit. If the result is negative, then Sal has incurred a loss.
Total revenue is 57 clients x 7 applications x $42 per application = $16,002.
Total expenses are $6,160.70.
Profit or loss = Total revenue - Total expenses = $16,002 - $6,160.70 = $9,841.30
Therefore, Sal made a profit of $9,841.30 from his new lawn fertilization service.
4. Based on the variances computed in parts (1) and (2), we can say that the new service was not a success from an overall cost-control perspective. The direct-material variances for Type I and Type II fertilizers were unfavorable, indicating that the actual costs of the fertilizers were higher than the standard costs. The direct-labor variances were favorable, but not enough to offset the unfavorable direct-material variances.
5. Whether or not the fertilizer service should be continued next year depends on a number of factors such as customer demand, competition, profitability, and Sal’s own goals and objectives. However, based solely on the information provided, it seems that there is potential for improvement in terms of cost control. Sal could consider revising his standards for fertilizer purchase price per pound and fertilizer usage to better reflect actual costs and usage. He could also explore ways to reduce labor costs such as hiring part-time employees at a lower wage rate or using more efficient equipment.
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1) Considering the spot exchange rate S(USD/CAD) to be 0.9830and the forward exchange rate F90days(USD/CAD) to be 0.9750,quantify the annualised premium/discount of the USD.
The annualised premium/discount of the USD is -3.24%. This means that the forward exchange rate is trading at a discount to the spot exchange rate, and that over the course of a year, investors could expect to lose 3.24% by entering into a forward contract to exchange USD for CAD.
To calculate the annualised premium/discount of the USD, we need to use the formula:
Annualised premium/discount = [(Forward rate - Spot rate) / Spot rate] x (360 / days to maturity)
Using the given values, we have:
Forward rate = 0.9750
Spot rate = 0.9830
Days to maturity = 90
Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
Annualised premium/discount = [(0.9750 - 0.9830) / 0.9830] x (360 / 90)
= (-0.008 / 0.9830) x 4
= -0.0324 or -3.24%
This can be seen as a reflection of the relative strength of the Canadian economy compared to the US economy, which may be driving demand for CAD and pushing down the price of USD in the forward market.
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when planning a product, what are some of the tasks of the operations manager? (select all that apply.)
a. Ensures the shipping of finished products to customers b. Prepares new advertising materials c. Negotiates contract with vendors and coordinates flow of materials d. Audits transactions to ensure accuracy of financial statements.
When planning a product, some of the tasks of the operations manager include ensuring the shipping of finished products to customers and negotiating contracts with vendors and coordinating the flow of materials.The correct option are (a) and (c).
a. Ensuring the shipping of finished products to customers: The operations manager is responsible for coordinating and overseeing the transportation and delivery of finished goods to customers. This includes organizing shipping schedules, tracking shipments, and maintaining communication with customers regarding delivery status.
c. Negotiating contracts with vendors and coordinating the flow of materials: The operations manager works closely with vendors to negotiate contracts, manage the procurement of raw materials, and ensure the timely and efficient flow of materials through the production process. This involves coordinating with suppliers, establishing quality standards, and monitoring inventory levels.
While these tasks are crucial for operations managers, other tasks such as preparing new advertising materials (b) and auditing transactions to ensure accuracy of financial statements (d) are typically not their primary responsibilities. These tasks would be more likely to fall under the purview of marketing and finance departments, respectively.
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The following data are taken from the records of Ms. Princess Ty, not VAT-registered, who owns various businesses for the current year 2020: • Gross sales from sale of shoes and clothes P1,300,000 • Gross sales from her boutique 900,000 • Gross receipts from her parlor 1,750,000 Is Princess's parlor business subject to VAT? . No, because she is not VAT-registered Yes, because once a taxpayer has several business, she is automatically subject to VAT. No, because the gross receipts from the parlor business did not exceed P3m Yes, because her aggregate receipts exceeded P3m
ANSWER : No, because the gross receipts from the parlor business did not exceed P3m.
To determine if Princess's parlor business is subject to VAT, we need to check if the gross receipts from that specific business exceed the threshold of P3 million. In this case, the gross receipts from her parlor business are P1,750,000, which is less than the P3 million threshold. Therefore, her parlor business is not subject to VAT, even if her aggregate receipts from all businesses exceeded P3 million.
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imagine comparing a manufacturing operation using regular lot-sizing and the same operation with a kanban/lean production approach. what would be your expectations of the difference between the total cost (i.e., inventory holding costs setup/ordering costs) of each?
The should be noted that the exact difference in total costs may vary depending on the specific circumstances of the manufacturing operation.
Why will be would be your expectations of the difference between the total cost?The use of kanban/lean production approach is expected to result in lower total costs compared to regular lot-sizing approach. This is because kanban/lean production approach aims to minimize inventory levels and reduce waste in the production process, resulting in lower inventory holding costs and setup/ordering costs.
With regular lot-sizing, a large quantity of materials are ordered and produced in each lot, resulting in higher inventory holding costs due to the need for additional storage space and inventory management. In addition, setup and ordering costs are also higher due to the need to order larger quantities and the longer time required to set up the machinery and equipment.
On the other hand, kanban/lean production approach focuses on producing smaller quantities of materials in a just-in-time manner, which minimizes the amount of inventory held at any given time. This reduces the need for additional storage space and inventory management, resulting in lower inventory holding costs. In addition, setup and ordering costs are also reduced as smaller quantities are ordered and less time is required for setup.
Overall, the use of kanban/lean production approach is expected to result in lower total costs compared to regular lot-sizing approach due to the reduced inventory holding costs and setup/ordering costs.
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9. A short-term creditor would be most interested in:
A. profitability ratios.
B. asset utilization ratios.
C. liquidity ratios.
D. debt utilization ratios.
A short-term creditor would be most interested in C. liquidity ratios. Liquidity ratios are financial metrics that help assess a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations and convert its assets into cash quickly.
These ratios are essential for short-term creditors, such as suppliers or banks providing short-term loans, as they want to ensure that the company can pay back its debts in a timely manner.
Some common liquidity ratios include the current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio. These ratios help creditors determine if the company has sufficient liquid assets to cover its short-term liabilities. A higher liquidity ratio generally indicates a better financial position and lower risk for the creditor.
Profitability ratios (A) are more relevant for investors interested in the company's overall financial performance and its ability to generate profits. Asset utilization ratios (B) assess the efficiency of a company in using its assets to generate revenue, which is also more pertinent for investors. Debt utilization ratios (D) focus on the company's long-term debt structure and its ability to meet those obligations, which is more relevant for long-term creditors.
In conclusion, for a short-term creditor, liquidity ratios (C) provide the most relevant information to assess the company's ability to meet its short-term financial obligations.
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A company issues €20,000,000, 7.8%. 20-year bonds to yield 8% on January 1, 2019. Interest is paid on June 30 and December 31. The proceeds from the bonds are €19.604,145. Using effective interest amortization, how much discount amortization for June 2019? a. 780.000 b. 1,560,000 784,165.8 d. 4165.8
Discount Amortization = €784,165.80 - €780,000 = €4,165.80 So the correct answer is d. 4165.8.
To calculate the discount amortization for June 2019 using effective interest amortization, we need to first calculate the bond's carrying value at the beginning of the period (January 1, 2019) using the proceeds from the bond issuance.
Carrying value = Proceeds - Discount
Carrying value = €19,604,145 - (€20,000,000 - €19,604,145) = €19,208,290
Next, we need to calculate the interest expense for the period (January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2019) using the effective interest rate of 8%.
Interest expense = Carrying value x Effective interest rate x Time
Interest expense = €19,208,290 x 8% x (6/12) = €769,731.60
Finally, we can calculate the discount amortization for the period by subtracting the interest expense from the cash interest payment made on June 30, 2019.
Discount amortization = Cash interest payment - Interest expense
Discount amortization = (€20,000,000 x 7.8% x (6/12)) - €769,731.60 = €4,165.80
Therefore, the answer is d. 4165.8.
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3. (4 pts) hokie manufacturing is planning to buy a new printing machine. they are considering two different machines manufactured by two different companies. the appropriate discount rate is 20%. variables to consider for each project are as follows machine a - $50,000 cost; functional life of 9 years; expected cash flow of $20,000 per year machine b - $75,000 cost; functional life of 7 years; expected cash flow of $30,000 per year; plus, a salvage value of $10,000 for the machine in 7 years. calculate npv and irr for each machine. clue for the machine b calculation. salvage value should be considered as a future payment that needs to be discounted back. in your opinion, which machine should hokie manufacturing select? salvage value is based on an assumption that machine b will have a value of $10,000 seven years from now. what variables could impact that assumption?
To compare the two printing machines, calculate NPV and IRR. Machine A has a cost of $50,000 and a cash flow of $20,000 per year for 9 years. Machine B has a cost of $75,000, a cash flow of $30,000 per year for 7 years, and a salvage value of $10,000.
NPV and IRRTo calculate the net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) for each machine, we need to discount the expected cash flows back to the present value using the appropriate discount rate of 20%.
Let's calculate the NPV and IRR for each machine:
Machine A:
Cost = $50,000Functional life = 9 yearsExpected cash flow = $20,000 per yearTo calculate the NPV, we discount each year's cash flow and subtract the initial cost:
[tex]NPV(A) = -Cost + \sigma(Cash Flow / (1 + Discount Rate)^{Year})[/tex]
[tex]NPV(A) = -$50,000 + ($20,000 / (1 + 0.2)^1) + ($20,000 / (1 + 0.2)^2) + ... + ($20,000 / (1 + 0.2)^9)[/tex]
Calculating this sum will give us the NPV(A).
To calculate the IRR, we find the discount rate that makes the NPV equal to zero. In this case, we can use the IRR function in Excel or any financial calculator to calculate the IRR(A).
Machine B:
Cost = $75,000Functional life = 7 yearsExpected cash flow = $30,000 per yearSalvage value in 7 years = $10,000To calculate the NPV, we discount each year's cash flow and the salvage value, and subtract the initial cost:
[tex]NPV(B) = -Cost + \sigma(Cash Flow / (1 + Discount Rate)^{Year}) + (Salvage Value / (1 + Discount Rate)^7)[/tex]
[tex]NPV(B) = -$75,000 + ($30,000 / (1 + 0.2)^1) + ($30,000 / (1 + 0.2)^2) + ... + ($30,000 / (1 + 0.2)^7) + ($10,000 / (1 + 0.2)^7)[/tex]
Calculating this sum will give us the NPV(B).
To calculate the IRR, we find the discount rate that makes the NPV equal to zero, including the salvage value. Again, we can use the IRR function in Excel or any financial calculator to calculate the IRR(B).
Regarding the selection of the machine, Hokie Manufacturing should choose the machine with the higher NPV. If both machines have positive NPVs, then the machine with the higher NPV would be the better choice.
Now, as for the variables that could impact the assumption of the salvage value for Machine B, the following factors could influence it:
Technological advancements: If there are rapid technological advancements in the printing industry, the value of the machine in 7 years may decrease significantly.
Market demand: Changes in market demand for printing services could affect the future value of the machine. If the demand declines, the salvage value may be lower.
Maintenance and condition: The condition and maintenance of the machine over its functional life can impact its value in the future. If the machine is well-maintained, its salvage value might be higher.
Resale market: The availability and pricing of used printing machines in the resale market can also influence the salvage value. If there is a surplus of similar machines, the salvage value might be lower.
These factors should be considered when making assumptions about the salvage value of the machine in order to assess the potential risks and uncertainties associated with the investment decision.
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Selected financial statement data for Schmitzer Incorporated is shown below: 2024 2023Balance sheets Inventories $60.000 $48.000Income statementSales revenue $560.000 $490.000Cost of goods $320.000 $240.000Calculate the gross profit ratio and inventory turnover ratio in 2024. Note: Round your final answers to 2 decimal places.
The gross profit ratio is 42.86% and the inventory turnover ratio is 5.93.
To calculate the gross profit ratio and inventory turnover ratio for Schmitzer Incorporated in 2024 using the provided financial statement data.
1. Gross Profit Ratio:
Gross Profit = Sales Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold
Gross Profit (2024) = $560,000 - $320,000 = $240,000
Gross Profit Ratio = (Gross Profit / Sales Revenue) * 100
Gross Profit Ratio (2024) = ($240,000 / $560,000) * 100 = 42.86%
2. Inventory Turnover Ratio:
Cost of Goods Sold (2024) = $320,000
Average Inventory = (Beginning Inventory + Ending Inventory) / 2
Average Inventory (2024) = ($48,000 + $60,000) / 2 = $54,000
Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory
Inventory Turnover Ratio (2024) = $320,000 / $54,000 = 5.93
So, for Schmitzer Incorporated in 2024, the gross profit ratio is 42.86% and the inventory turnover ratio is 5.93.
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Jonathan is married, files a joint return, and has one child. During 2019, Jonathan has $85,000 of taxable income. He has $20,000 of positive AMT adjustments and $28,000 of tax preferences. Since Jonathan rents his home (pays no mortgage interest) and lives in Florida (has no state income tax), he does not itemize his deductions but takes the standard deduction. Calculate Jonathan's AMTI (before exclusion amount).
a. $137,400.
b. $129,400.
c. $133,000.
d. $157,400.
If Jonathan has $85,000 of taxable income and has $20,000 of positive AMT adjustments and $28,000 of tax preferences then Jonathan's AMTI is $133,000. The correct answer is option (c).
To calculate Jonathan's AMT (before exclusion amount), we need to start with his taxable income of $85,000 and add back his positive AMT adjustments of $20,000 and tax preferences of $28,000. This gives us a total of $133,000.
Note that Jonathan's home rental and living in Florida do not affect his AMT calculation, as they are not considered in the AMT calculation. However, they do affect his regular tax liability by reducing his taxable income and potentially increasing his standard deduction.
Therefore option c is correct.
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Ashley Travis, of Harrisburg, Illinois, is in the 25 percent marginal tax bracket and is considering the tax consequences of investing $1,850 at the end of each year for 30 years in a tax-sheltered retirement account, assuming that the investment earns 8 percent annually. a. How much will Ashley's account total over 30 years if the growth in the investment remains sheltered from taxes? (Hint: Use Appendix A-3 or the Garman/Forgue companion website.) Round Future Value of a Series of Equal Amounts in intermediate calculations to four decimal places. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. b. How much will the account total if the investments are not sheltered from taxes? (Hint: Use Appendix A-3 or the Garman/Forgue companion website.) Round Future Value of a Series of Equal Amounts in intermediate calculations to four decimal places. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
If the investments are not sheltered from taxes, the account will total approximately $165,223 after 30 years.
a. To calculate the future value of the tax-sheltered investment, we'll use the future value of an annuity formula: FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r, where P is the annual investment, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of years.
For Ashley's tax-sheltered investment:
P = $1,850
r = 0.08
n = 30
FV = 1850 * [(1 + 0.08)^30 - 1] / 0.08
FV ≈ $226,575 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
So, Ashley's tax-sheltered account will total approximately $226,575 after 30 years.
b. For the non-tax-sheltered account, we'll use the after-tax interest rate (r') which can be calculated as r' = r * (1 - tax rate).
For Ashley's non-tax-sheltered investment:
Tax rate = 25% or 0.25
r' = 0.08 * (1 - 0.25) = 0.06
FV = 1850 * [(1 + 0.06)^30 - 1] / 0.06
FV ≈ $165,223 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
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143. The learning organization creates a knowledge network where employees can share ideas and learn more about conent that is important to their development. True False
it is true that a learning organization creates a knowledge network where employees can share ideas and learn more about content that is important to their development.
A learning organization is an organization that values learning and encourages continuous growth and development of its employees. One of the key features of a learning organization is the creation of a knowledge network where employees can share ideas, expertise, and experiences in order to learn from one another and collectively improve the organization's performance.
By sharing ideas and knowledge within the organization, employees can build a shared understanding of key concepts, develop new skills, and improve their ability to solve problems and make decisions. This can lead to greater innovation, increased efficiency, and improved overall performance for the organization.
Therefore, it is true that a learning organization creates a knowledge network where employees can share ideas and learn more about content that is important to their development.
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if the lowest price in the past year occurred 48 days ago, find the approximate average change per day since then.
a. $4.74 b. $0.72 c. $0.49 d. $1.3
The closest answer choice is option (c) $0.49. To find the approximate average change per day since the lowest price occurred 48 days ago, we need to divide the total change in price by the number of days. Let's assume that the price decreased from its highest value to its lowest value.
To calculate the total change in price, we subtract the lowest price from the highest price. However, we do not have information about the highest price. Therefore, we cannot accurately calculate the total change in price.
However, we can estimate the average change per day by dividing the change in price by the number of days. Let's assume that the change in price is equal to the difference between the lowest price and the current price. Again, we do not have information about the current price, but we can use the average price over the past year as an approximation.
Suppose the average price over the past year was $100, and the lowest price occurred 48 days ago at $80. Then, the change in price is $100 - $80 = $20. Dividing $20 by 48 days gives us an average change of approximately $0.42 per day.Therefore, the closest answer choice is option (c) $0.49.
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if an aluminum manufacturer does not bear the entire cost of the smoke it emits, it will emit a lower level of smoke than is socially efficient. emit a higher level of smoke than is socially efficient. emit an acceptable level of smoke not emit any smoke in an attempt to avoid paying the entire cost.
If an aluminum manufacturer does not bear the entire cost of the smoke it emits, it will likely emit a higher level of smoke than is socially efficient. Option B is correct.
This is because the manufacturer is not being held responsible for the negative externalities it is causing, such as air pollution and health hazards. Without bearing the full cost of these externalities, the manufacturer has little incentive to reduce their emissions.
On the other hand, if the manufacturer were to bear the entire cost of their emissions, they would have a greater incentive to invest in cleaner technologies and processes, ultimately emitting a lower level of smoke that is socially efficient.
However, if the manufacturer were to avoid paying the entire cost altogether, they may choose not to emit any smoke, which could potentially harm their production processes or output.
Therefore, option B is correct.
if an aluminum manufacturer does not bear the entire cost of the smoke it emits, it will
A. emit a lower level of smoke than is socially efficient.
B. emit a higher level of smoke than is socially efficient.
C. emit an acceptable level of smoke
D. not emit any smoke in an attempt to avoid paying the entire cost.
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Rocky owns and operates Balboa's Gym located in Philadelphia. The following transactions occur for the month of October:
October 2 Receive membership dues for the month of October totaling $9,500.
October 5 Issue common stock in exchange for cash, $11,000.
October 9 Purchase additional boxing equipment for $7,600, paying one-half of the amount in cash and the other one-half due by the end of the year.
October 12 Pay $1,500 for advertising regarding a special membership rate available during the month of October.
October 19 Pay dividends to stockholders, $2,400.
October 22 Pay liability insurance to cover accidents to members for the next six months, starting November 1, $8,400.
October 25 Receive cash in advance for November memberships, $6,600.
October 30 Receive, but do not pay, utilities bill for the month, $3,200.
October 31 Pay employees' salaries for the month, $8,300.
4. Prepare a statement of cash flows for the month of October, properly classifying each of the cash transactions into operating, investing, and financing activities. Assume that the balance of cash at the beginning of October is $14,600. (List cash outflows and decrease in cash as negative amounts. Total entries from the same source together when entering in the statement of cash flows.)
The statement of cash flows for Balboa's Gym for the month of October shows: a net cash flow of $2,700, with the ending cash balance at $17,300.
To prepare a statement of cash flows for Balboa's Gym for the month of October, we'll classify each cash transaction into operating, investing, and financing activities. The beginning cash balance is $14,600.
Operating Activities:
- Received membership dues for October: +$9,500
- Paid advertising: -$1,500
- Paid liability insurance (6 months starting November 1): -$8,400
- Received cash in advance for November memberships: +$6,600
- Received, but did not pay, utilities bill: $0 (no cash transaction)
- Paid employees' salaries: -$8,300
Net cash from Operating Activities: $(-1,500) + (-8,400) + 9,500 + 6,600 + (-8,300) = -$2,100
Investing Activities:
- Purchase additional boxing equipment: -$3,800 (one-half of the amount paid in cash)
Net cash from Investing Activities: -$3,800
Financing Activities:
- Issued common stock for cash: +$11,000
- Paid dividends to stockholders: -$2,400
Net cash from Financing Activities: $11,000 + (-2,400) = $8,600
Total cash flow for October: Operating Activities (-$2,100) + Investing Activities (-$3,800) + Financing Activities ($8,600) = $2,700
Ending cash balance for October: Beginning cash balance ($14,600) + Total cash flow for October ($2,700) = $17,300
In summary, the statement of cash flows for Balboa's Gym for the month of October shows a net cash flow of $2,700, with the ending cash balance at $17,300.
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Edward Lewis is an accounting major at a midwestern state university located approximately 60 miles from a major city. Many of the students attending the university are from the metropolitan area and visit their homes regularly on the weekends. Edward, an entrepreneur at heart, realizes that few good commuting alternatives are available for students doing weekend travel. He believes that a weekend commuting service could be organized and run profitably from several suburban and downtown shopping mall locations. Edward has gathered the following investment information. 1. Five used vans would cost a total of $76,194 to purchase and would have a 3-year useful life with negligible salvage value. Edward plans to use straight-line depreciation. 2. Ten drivers would have to be employed at a total payroll expense of $47,400. 3. Other annual out-of-pocket expenses associated with running the commuter service would include Gasoline $16,100, Maintenance $3,200, Repairs $4,100, Insurance $3,800, and Advertising $2,800. 4. Edward has visited several financial institutions to discuss funding. The best interest rate he has been able to negotiate is 15%. Use this rate for cost of capital. 5 . 5. Edward expects each van to make 10 round trips weekly and carry an average of 6 students each trip. The service is expected to operate 30 weeks each year, and each student will be charged $12 for a round-trip ticket. Compute (1) the cash payback period and (2) the annual rate of return. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 10.50.) Cash payback period years Annual rate of return %
The cash payback period is 1.96 years and the annual rate of return is 17.79%.
To calculate the cash payback period and annual rate of return, we need to first determine the initial investment and the net cash inflows for each year.
Initial Investment:
Cost of 5 used vans = $76,194
Payroll expense for 10 drivers = $47,400
Other annual expenses = $29,000 ($16,100 + $3,200 + $4,100 + $3,800 + $2,800)
Total initial investment = $152,594
Net cash inflows:
Revenue per round-trip ticket = $12
Number of round trips per van per week = 10
Number of students per round trip = 6
Therefore, revenue per van per week = $12 x 10 x 6 = $720
Total revenue per week (5 vans) = $3,600
Total revenue per year (30 weeks) = $108,000
Operating expenses per year:
Gasoline = $16,100
Maintenance = $3,200
Repairs = $4,100
Insurance = $3,800
Advertising = $2,800
Total operating expenses = $30,000
Net cash inflows per year = revenue - operating expenses = $78,000 ($108,000 - $30,000)
Cash payback period:
Cash payback period = initial investment / net cash inflows per year
Cash payback period = $152,594 / $78,000
Cash payback period = 1.96 years
Annual rate of return:
To calculate the annual rate of return, we need to first calculate the average net cash inflow per year over the life of the investment.
Total net cash inflows over 3 years = $78,000 x 3 = $234,000
Total investment = $152,594
Average net cash inflow per year = (total net cash inflows - initial investment) / number of years
Average net cash inflow per year = ($234,000 - $152,594) / 3
Average net cash inflow per year = $27,135.33
Annual rate of return = average net cash inflow / initial investment x 100%
Annual rate of return = $27,135.33 / $152,594 x 100%
Annual rate of return = 17.79%
Therefore, the cash payback period is 1.96 years and the annual rate of return is 17.79%.
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Identify the advantages of the corporate form of business. (Check all that apply.)Ease of capital accumulationContinuous lifeGovernment regulationCorporate taxationLimited liability of stockholders
The advantages of the corporate form of business are:
1. Ease of capital accumulation
2. Continuous life
3. Limited liability of stockholders
Corporate taxation and government regulation are not necessarily advantages, as they can also be disadvantages depending on the specific circumstances.
Corporate taxation refers to the fact that corporations are subject to double taxation, where the corporation itself is taxed on its profits and then the shareholders are taxed on any dividends they receive.
This can be a disadvantage compared to other forms of business, such as partnerships or sole proprietorships, where the income is only taxed once.
Government regulation can also be both an advantage and a disadvantage.
On one hand, regulation can provide a stable legal framework for businesses to operate in, and can help protect consumers and promote fair competition.
On the other hand, excessive or unnecessary regulation can create barriers to entry, increase costs, and stifle innovation.
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A $1,000, two-year bond is issued on January 1, 2020 with a coupon rate of 8%. The market demands a yield rate of 10% for investments of similar risk. Interest will be paid on June 30th and December 31st each year. On January 1, 2020, the selling price of the bond will be $1,000. O less than $1,000. O greater than $1,000. O cannot be determined from the information
The selling price of a bond depends on its coupon rate and the prevailing market interest rate. The selling price of the bond on January 1, 2020, will be less than $1,000, specifically $875.60. The correct option is b.
Since the market demands a yield rate of 10% for investments of similar risk, the bond's coupon rate of 8% is lower than the market rate. This means that the bond is less attractive to investors, and its selling price will be less than its face value of $1,000. To determine the selling price, we need to calculate the present value of the bond's future cash flows, using the market rate of 10%.
The bond pays semiannual interest of 8%/2 = 4% every six months or $40 ($1,000 x 4%) per payment. The band has a total of four payments, two in 2020 and two in 2021. To calculate the present value of these cash flows, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PV = PMT x [1 - (1 + r)^-n] / r
Where PV is the present value, PMT is the payment amount, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of periods.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, we can calculate the present value of the bond's cash flows as follows:
PV = $40 x [1 - (1 + 0.10/2)^-4] / (0.10/2) = $875.60
Therefore, the selling price of the bond on January 1, 2020, will be less than $1,000, specifically $875.60. The correct option is b.
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PART B Identify each cost as Variable (V) or Fixed (F) AND as Direct Material/Labor (D), Factory Overhead (OH) or Selling/Administrative Expense (SGA) for the furniture maker Playhouse Fun, LLC. (10 pts Total) Example: _V__D__ Window Coverings for Playhouses Coffee for Corp Office Assembler's Wages Screwdrivers used by carpenter's _____ Financial Auditing fees Safety Glasses for Carpenters Copy paper for Sales Office Water for Manufacturing Facility Playhouse windows Production Supervisor Hourly Rate _____Roof shingles for Playhouses 1_ Unemployment Taxes on Painters Paint Brushes for painters Factory Janitorial Expense Sales Commissions, per unit sold Corporate Lease Expense _Utilities - Factory __ 2 x 4 Lumber for Playsets ___Depreciation - Corporate Office __ Playhouse Painter's Wages _____Painter's Uniforms
Variable (V) or Fixed (F) AND as Direct Material/Labor (D), Factory Overhead (OH) or Selling/Administrative Expense (SGA) for Playhouse Fun, LLC:
V, DM: Playhouse windows
F, OH: Production Supervisor Hourly Rate
V, DM: 2 x 4 Lumber for Playsets
F, OH: Depreciation - Corporate Office
V, DL: Playhouse Painter's Wages
F, OH: Factory Janitorial Expense
SGA: Sales Commissions, per unit sold
SGA: Corporate Lease Expense
F, OH: Utilities - Factory
V, DM: Paint Brushes for painters
V, DM: Painter's Uniforms
F, SGA: Financial Auditing fees
V, DM: Safety Glasses for Carpenters
F, SGA: Copy paper for Sales Office
F, OH: Water for Manufacturing Facility
V, DM: Roof shingles for Playhouses
F, SGA: Coffee for Corp Office
V, DL: Assembler's Wages
V, DM: Screwdrivers used by carpenter's
Note: DM = Direct Material, DL = Direct Labor, OH = Factory Overhead, SGA = Selling/Administrative Expense.
Variable costs include categories like assembler's wages, playhouse windows, paint brushes for painters, safety glasses for carpenters, painters' unfirms, screwdrivers, and water for manufacturing facility. Fixed costs include production supervisor hourly rate, sales commissions, per unit sold, utilities - factory, and coffee for corporate office.
Variable Direct (VD):
- Assembler's wages
- Playhouse windows
- Playhouse painter's wages
- Paint brushes for painters
- 2 x 4 lumber for playsets
Fixed Direct (FD):
- Production supervisor hourly rate
Fixed Factory Overhead (FOH):
- Depreciation - corporate office
Fixed Selling/Administrative Expense (SGA):
- Financial auditing fees
- Sales commissions, per unit sold
- Corporate lease expense
Variable Factory Overhead (VOH):
- Safety glasses for carpenters
- Playhouse fun's janitorial expense
- Roof shingles for playhouses
- Painter's uniforms
Fixed Selling/Administrative Expense (SGA):
- Copy paper for sales office
Fixed Factory Overhead (FOH):
- Utilities - factory
Variable Selling/Administrative Expense (VSGA):
- Water for manufacturing facility
Variable Direct Material (VDM):
- Screwdrivers used by carpenters
Fixed Selling/Administrative Expense (SGA):
- Coffee for corporate office
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Daisy Ltd. produces books. Managers of Daisy Ltd. expect to produce 300 books and expect to have total overheads of £12,000. The actual production level was 400 books and the actual fixed production overheads equal £21,000. Daisy Ltd. sells 350 books for £20 per book. The variable production cost per unit is £5. Considering this information, which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The income statement shows a loss of £15,750 when using the marginal costing technique. O b. The overheads absorption rate equals £50 per unit. O c. When using the absorption cost technique, there is an over-absorption of £5,000 which represents a revenue. O d. None of the answers is true.
According to the question, The correct answer is option C. When using the absorption cost technique, there is an over-absorption of £5,000 which represents a revenue.
This is because the actual fixed production overheads of £21,000 are higher than the expected fixed production overheads of £9,000 (calculated as 300 books x £30 per unit overhead absorption rate). This means that the overheads are over-absorbed by £12,000 (calculated as £21,000 - £9,000). Since the company has sold 350 books, this over-absorption of overheads represents additional revenue of £5,000 (calculated as £12,000/350 books). Therefore, the income statement will show a profit when using the absorption costing technique. The marginal costing technique will show a loss of £15,750 (calculated as 350 books x (£20 selling price - £5 variable cost) - £12,000 fixed production overheads).
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Which of the following phrases that might be spoken to a consumer contain positive wording?-maintain your lifestyle-have enough money as long as you live
I'm happy to help you with your question! The question is: "Which of the following phrases that might be spoken to a consumer contain positive wording?"
The phrase provided is: "Maintain your lifestyle - have enough money as long as you live."
To analyze this phrase, let's break it down step by step:
1. "Maintain your lifestyle" - This part of the phrase implies that the consumer will be able to continue living their current lifestyle without any major changes or disruptions.
This is positive wording because it reassures the consumer that they will not have to make sacrifices or adjustments in their day-to-day life.
2. "Have enough money as long as you live" - This part of the phrase promises the consumer that they will have financial stability throughout their lifetime.
This is also positive wording, as it conveys a sense of security and peace of mind to the consumer.
In conclusion, both parts of the provided phrase contain positive wording, as they reassure the consumer about their lifestyle and financial stability.
This type of language is important when communicating with consumers, as it helps build trust and rapport.
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This is a microeconomics question. What would the two correct
answers be?
1. Explain what a Nash Equilibrium is. 2. Describe what you have learned from the evolution of trust game
Sure! Here are the two answers to your microeconomics question:
1. Nash Equilibrium is a concept in game theory where players in a game make decisions based on what they believe their opponents will do. In a Nash Equilibrium, no player can improve their outcome by changing their strategy, assuming all other players stick to their strategies. This concept is important in microeconomics because it helps us understand how individuals and firms make decisions in competitive situations.
2. The evolution of the trust games is a classic example of how cooperation can emerge in a repeated game. In this game, two players have the option to either cooperate or defect, and their payoffs depend on the other player's choice. Over time, players can learn to trust each other and cooperate more frequently, leading to higher payoffs for both players. This game is useful in microeconomics because it helps us understand how trust can evolve in a competitive environment.
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22) Midtown, Inc. had the following transactions in 2024, its first year of operations: Issued 34,000 shares of common stock. Stock has par value of $1.00 per share and was issued at $19.00 per share. • Earned net income of $77,000. • Paid no dividends. At the end of 2024, what is total stockholders' equity? A) $34,000 B) $723,000 C) $646,000 D) $77,000 E) none of the ahem
The total of stockholders' equity is $723,000 (Option B) for Midtown, Inc.
Calculation of total stockholders' equity for Midtown, Inc.,
Step 1: Calculate the total value of issued common stock.
Issued 34,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $1.00 per share at $19.00 per share.
Total value of issued common stock = 34,000 shares * ($19.00 - $1.00) = 34,000 shares * $18.00 = $612,000
Step 2: Calculate total paid-in capital.
Paid-in capital = Par value of common stock + Total value of issued common stock
Paid-in capital = 34,000 shares * $1.00 + $612,000 = $34,000 + $612,000 = $646,000
Step 3: Calculate total stockholders' equity.
Total stockholders' equity = Paid-in capital + Net income - Dividends
Total stockholders' equity = $646,000 + $77,000 - $0 = $723,000
So, at the end of 2024, the total stockholders' equity is $723,000 (Option B).
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You want to implement split valuation functionality. what must you do?
a. create additional material master accounting data
b. assign valuation types to stock types
c. customize valuation categories and valuation types
d. add valuation types to all open PO items
To implement split valuation functionality, you must take the following steps:
a. Create additional material master accounting data: Split valuation allows you to manage different values for different aspects of a material, such as origin, quality, or size. To implement split valuation, you need to create additional accounting data in the material master record for each aspect you want to differentiate. This accounting data can include valuation classes, price control indicators, or price determination methods.
b. Assign valuation types to stock types: Once you have created the additional accounting data in the material master, you need to assign the appropriate valuation types to the relevant stock types. A valuation type determines how a material is valued, based on the accounting data you have entered. For example, you can assign a different valuation type to each quality level of a material.
c. Customize valuation categories and valuation types: To ensure that split valuation meets your specific business requirements, you may need to customize the predefined valuation categories and valuation types that come with the system. You can define new valuation categories or modify existing ones to group materials with similar valuation criteria. You can also define new valuation types to reflect specific pricing methods or currency types.
d. Add valuation types to all open PO items: Finally, you need to ensure that all open purchase order items are updated with the relevant valuation types. This ensures that the materials are valued correctly when they are received and that the accounting data is consistent throughout the procurement process.
In summary, implementing split valuation functionality requires creating additional accounting data in the material master, assigning valuation types to stock types, customizing valuation categories and types, and updating all open PO items with the relevant valuation types. These steps ensure that your materials are valued accurately and that you have a clear understanding of the different aspects that contribute to their overall value.
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Which of the following accurately describe the impact of the Constitution of 1787 in addressing the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?Constitution of 1787:-produced a completely different plan for a new form of government-regarding sovereignty, the federal and state governments derived their authority from the people-separation of powers and "checks and balances" among the federal branches
The impact of the Constitution of 1787 in addressing the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation can be accurately described through several key aspects.
First, the Constitution of 1787 produced a completely different plan for a new form of government.
This new plan remedied the issues with the Articles of Confederation by creating a stronger central government with distinct branches, including the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
Second, regarding sovereignty, the Constitution of 1787 ensured that both federal and state governments derived their authority from the people.
This was in contrast to the Articles of Confederation, which placed too much power in the hands of the states, leading to a weak central government that struggled to function effectively.
Lastly, the Constitution of 1787 introduced the concept of separation of powers and "checks and balances" among the federal branches.
This system allowed each branch to limit the power of the others, preventing any single branch from becoming too powerful and ensuring a more balanced and effective government.
In summary, the Constitution of 1787 addressed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation by creating a new government plan with a strong central authority, establishing the sovereignty of the people, and implementing a system of checks and balances among the branches of the federal government.
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decision point: choosing the product line you should invest in your research team provides you with an updated portfolio report, including bcg classification and market attractiveness. the market attractiveness takes into consideration consumer attitudes, preferences, and purchase intentions; retail estimations; and competition. portfolio report by strategic solutions product line relative market share market growth rate sale % bcg classification market attractiveness laptop 1.4 5% 30% cash cow low cd player 0.8 8% 18% dog low activity wristband 0.7 15% 22% question mark medium to high smartphone 1.4 18% 30% star high yellow is pleased that the smartphone product line is a star, enjoying both high market share and high growth. yellow wants to know which of its other three product lines it should invest in to try to achieve star status. which of the three product lines should yellow invest in? select an option from the choices below and click submit. activity wristbands cd players laptops
Yellow should invest in the "activity wristbands" product line to try to achieve star status.
According to the portfolio report, this product line has a market growth rate of 15% and is classified as a question mark with medium to high market attractiveness. Investing in this product line has the potential for growth and could lead to achieving star status. So, it has a medium to high market attractiveness, a 15% market growth rate, and a 0.7 relative market share, which indicates potential for growth. By investing in this product line, Yellow can work towards increasing its market share and achieving higher growth in the market.
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Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Unit sales 4,800 5,100 5,000 5,120 Sales price $22.33 $23.45 $23.85 $24.45 Variable cost per unit $9.45 $10.85 $11.95 $12.00 Fixed operating costs $32,500 $33,450 $34,950 $34,875 This project will require an investment of $15,000 in new equipment. Under the new tax law, the equipment is eligible for 100% bonus deprecation at t = 0, so it will be fully depreciated at the time of purchase. The equipment will have no salvage value at the end of the project's four-year life. McFann pays a constant tax rate of 25%, and it has a weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 11%. Determine what the project's net present value (NPV) would be under the new tax law. Determine what the project's net present value (NPV) would be under the new tax law. $55,045 O $49,541 O $63,302 O $44,036 Now determine what the project's NPV would be when using straight-line depreciation. Using the depreciation method will result in the highest NPV for the project. No other firm would take on this project McFann turns it down. How much should McFann reduce the NPV of this project if it discovered that this project would reduce one of its division's net after-tax cash flows by $600 for each year of the four-year project? O $1,582 O $1,861 O $1,117 O $1,396
The NPV of the project under the new tax law is $55,045. the NPV of the project using straight-line depreciation is:
NPV = $280,421 - $15,000 = $265,421
Using straight-line depreciation, the annual depreciation expense would be ($15,000 / 4) = $3,750. So, the annual taxable income for the project would be:
Year 1: ($102,533 - $3,750) = $98,783
Year 2: ($115,455 - $3,750) = $111,705
Year 3: ($119,250 - $3,750) = $115,500
Year 4: ($123,936 - $3,750) = $120,186
The tax on each year's taxable income would be:
Year 1: $24,695.75
Year 2: $27,926.25
Year 3: $28,875
Year 4: $29,546.50
So, the after-tax cash flows for each year would be:
Year 1: $73,087.25
Year 2: $83,528.75
Year 3: $86,375
Year 4: $90,639.50
The total present value of these cash flows, using a discount rate of 11%, is $280,421. Therefore, the NPV of the project using straight-line depreciation is:
NPV = $280,421 - $15,000 = $265,421
If the project reduces one of McFann's division's net after-tax cash flows by $600 per year, then the project's NPV should be reduced by the present value of these cash flows, discounted at the WACC of 11%. So, the reduction in NPV would be: the new NPV of the project would be:
New NPV = $265,421 - $1,117 = $264,304
Reduction in NPV = ($600 * 4) / (1 + 0.11)^1 + ($600 * 4) / (1 + 0.11)^2 + ($600 * 4) / (1 + 0.11)^3 + ($600 * 4) / (1 + 0.11)^4
Reduction in NPV = $1,117
Therefore, the new NPV of the project would be:
New NPV = $265,421 - $1,117 = $264,304
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In the long run an increase in saving will generally:
A.
reduce the rate of economic growth.
B.
leave the rate of economic growth unchanged.
C.
increase the rate of economic growth.
D.
increase consumption simultaneously.
E.
decrease the standard of living.
The correct option is (c) increase the rate of economic growth. Saving is an important component of economic growth, as it provides resources for investment and capital formation.
When people save money, they can either lend it to others or invest it themselves in productive assets, such as factories or equipment. This, in turn, increases the economy's productive capacity and generates higher levels of output and income over the long run. Increased saving can lead to a reduction in consumption in the short run, which could potentially slow down economic growth temporarily. However, in the long run, the additional investment generated by higher saving levels can more than offset the reduction in consumption, leading to higher levels of economic growth. Additionally, higher levels of saving can lead to lower interest rates, which can stimulate borrowing and investment further, leading to additional economic growth. Furthermore, saving can help to smooth out fluctuations in income and spending, providing stability and reducing the likelihood of economic downturns. Overall, while increased saving may have short-term trade-offs in terms of reduced consumption, it can lead to higher levels of economic growth in the long run, resulting in increased wealth and prosperity for individuals and society as a whole.
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Hi, i know you requested additional support for your deliverable. However, ravi’s project deadline was just moved up, so the team has limited time to help. How do you think we should proceed?
In light of Ravi's project being prioritized, I can explore other options to meet our deadline. Perhaps we can discuss if there are any low-priority tasks that I can deprioritize or delegate to free up time for the team.
Regarding pushing back the deadline, I can investigate the feasibility of that option and provide you with an updated timeline, including any potential risks or impacts to other projects.
Regarding your question about the effectiveness of requesting to push back the deadline for your project, it depends on several factors, such as the project's nature, stakeholders' expectations, and other dependencies.
In some cases, pushing back the deadline might be a reasonable option to ensure the project's quality and avoid rushed deliverables. However, it's essential to communicate the potential impacts and risks of delaying the project and provide a realistic timeline to manage stakeholders' expectations.
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Complete Question:
Nadia (Team Lead) Hi, I know you requested additional support for your deliverable. However, Ravi’s project deadline was just moved up, so the team has limited time to help. How do you think we should proceed? Consider the best way to respond to Nadia. How effective is it to request to push back the deadline for your project?
It is estimated that it costs about _____ times more money to attract and sell to a new customer than to an existing customer.
9
12
6
3
It is estimated that it costs about 3 times more money to attract and sell to a new customer than to an existing customer.
This is because with existing customers, businesses have already established a relationship and gained their trust. Existing customers are also more likely to make repeat purchases, which means they provide a steady stream of revenue for the business. On the other hand, attracting new customers requires investing in marketing, advertising, and other promotional efforts to make them aware of the business and its products or services. In addition, new customers may be hesitant to try a new product or service and may require additional resources to convert them into paying customers. Therefore, businesses should focus on retaining their existing customers by providing excellent customer service, offering loyalty programs, and providing incentives for repeat purchases. By doing so, businesses can save money on marketing and advertising while also increasing their revenue through repeat business from loyal customers.
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Shi Import-Export's balance sheet shows $300 million in debt, $50 million in preferred stock, and $250 million in total common equity. Shi's tax rate is 25%, rd = 8%, rps = 9.1%, and rs = 12%. If Shi has a target capital structure of 30% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 65% common stock, what is its WACC?
Shi Import-Export's WACC is approximately 10.055%.
To calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for Shi Import-Export, we need to take into account the target capital structure and the cost of each component (debt, preferred stock, and common stock).
WACC = (weight of debt * cost of debt * (1 - tax rate)) + (weight of preferred stock * cost of preferred stock) + (weight of common stock * cost of common stock)
Here, the weights for debt, preferred stock, and common stock are 30%, 5%, and 65% respectively, while the costs are given as rd = 8%, rps = 9.1%, and rs = 12%. Shi's tax rate is 25%.
WACC = (0.30 * 0.08 * (1 - 0.25)) + (0.05 * 0.091) + (0.65 * 0.12)
WACC = (0.30 * 0.08 * 0.75) + (0.05 * 0.091) + (0.65 * 0.12)
WACC = 0.018 + 0.00455 + 0.078
WACC ≈ 0.10055 or 10.055%
So, Shi Import-Export's WACC is approximately 10.055%.
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