What is needed for coal to form?
__________________________________
(reporting any wrong/spam answers)
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___________________________________
(A) water and sunlight
(B) high pressure and heat
(C) heat and sunlight
(D) high pressure and sunlight
Answer: (B) High pressure and heat
Explanation: The precursor to coal is peat. Peat is a soft, organic material consisting of partly decayed plant and mineral matter. When peat is placed under high pressure and heat, it undergoes physical and chemical changes (coalification) to become coal.
If a flask initially contains 1.0 atm
of A
and 1.5 atm
of B
, what will be the pressure in the flask if the reaction proceeds to completion? (Assume constant volume and temperature.)
The pressure in the flask if it proceeds to completion would be given as 2.5 atm
How to solve for the pressureUsing Dalton's partial pressure law, this states that Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each component gas. In other words, in a mixture of gases, the pressure contributed by each gas is independent of the pressure of the other gases present.
Mathematically, Dalton's law can be expressed as follows:
P_total = P_A + P_B + ... + P_n
hence we would have
1.5 atm + 1.0 atm
= 2.5 atm
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Describe the differences between lead (II) chloride and lead (IV) chloride in terms of the charges on the lead and chloride ions in each compound. Then, write the chemical formulas for each compound.
Answer:
Explanation:
Lead (II) chloride and lead (IV) chloride have different charges on the lead and chloride ions in each compound.
In lead (II) chloride, also known as plumbous chloride, the lead ion has a charge of +2 and the chloride ion has a charge of -1. The chemical formula for lead (II) chloride is PbCl2.
In lead (IV) chloride, also known as plumbic chloride, the lead ion has a charge of +4 and the chloride ion has a charge of -1. The chemical formula for lead (IV) chloride is PbCl4.
So the key difference between these two compounds is the oxidation state of the lead ion. In lead (II) chloride, the lead ion has a +2 oxidation state, while in lead (IV) chloride, the lead ion has a +4 oxidation state.
Molecular hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. If you have 10.00g of oxygen and 10.0g of hydrogen react, once the reaction is complete, which reactant would you have left over and how much of it would you have left over?
The amount of hydrogen left over is 9.683 g.
Which reactant would you have left over?The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between molecular hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂) to form water (H₂O) is:
2H₂ + O₂ -> 2H₂O
The equation shows that two moles of hydrogen react with one mole of oxygen to produce two moles of water.
To determine which reactant is left over, we need to calculate how much of each reactant is required for the reaction and compare it with the actual amount provided.
The reactant that is not completely consumed will be left over.
First, we need to convert the masses of hydrogen and oxygen to moles using their respective molar masses:
Molar mass of hydrogen (H2) = 2.016 g/mol
Molar mass of oxygen (O2) = 31.9988 g/mol
Number of moles of hydrogen = 10.0 g / 2.016 g/mol = 4.96 mol
Number of moles of oxygen = 10.00 g / 31.9988 g/mol = 0.3125 mol
From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of hydrogen react with 1 mole of oxygen.
Therefore, the number of moles of oxygen required to react with 4.96 moles of hydrogen is:
0.5 x 4.96 = 2.48 mol
Since we only have 0.3125 mol of oxygen, it is the limiting reactant, and hydrogen is in excess.
To find out how much hydrogen is left over, we need to calculate how much hydrogen was used in the reaction:
Number of moles of water produced = Number of moles of oxygen used = 0.3125 mol
Number of moles of hydrogen used = 0.5 x 0.3125 = 0.15625 mol
The total number of moles of hydrogen we started with was 4.96 mol, and 0.15625 mol of hydrogen was used in the reaction.
Therefore, the amount of hydrogen left over is:
4.96 mol - 0.15625 mol = 4.80375 mol
Finally, we can convert this back to a mass:
Mass of hydrogen left over = 4.80375 mol x 2.016 g/mol = 9.683 g
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Answer:
The amount of hydrogen left over is 9.683 g.
Explanation:
jj thomson discover the atoms negatively charge particles what he called
Answer:
Eletrons
Explanation:
Electrons are a type of subatomic particle with a negative charge.
A sample of the compound weighs 80 grams. How many grams of cobalt are in the sample?
Cobalt weighs 58.93 g/mol, or 1 mole. Hence, the sample of cobalt weighs 4. 89 10 2 grammes.
What is the cobalt worth?Basic Details. The price of US cobalt is currently 48874.36, down from 51497.77 last month and 70527.05 last year. The difference from the previous month and one year ago is -5.09% and -30.70%, respectively.
What is the purpose of cobalt?In addition, cobalt is used to create ground coats for porcelain enamels, cemented carbides (also known as hardmetals), diamond tools, corrosion- and wear-resistant alloys, airbags for automobiles, catalysts for the petroleum and chemical industries, drying agents for paints, varnishes, and inks, dyes, and pigments.
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For the following reaction, if 9.7 g of AgNO3, is reacted with excess BaCl2, what is the theoretical yield of Ba(NO3)2 for this reaction? Round your answer to the nearest gram.
BaCl2 + 2 AgNO3 → 2 AgCl + Ba(NO3)2
According to the problem the theoretical yield of Ba(NO3)2 for this reaction is 4.85 g.
What is reaction?Reaction is an action or response to a stimulus or event. It is an immediate response to what is happening around us. It is a physical or emotional response that occurs when something touches a nerve, triggers a thought, or stimulates an emotion. Reactions can be positive or negative and can vary from person to person depending on their individual experiences, beliefs, values, and perspectives. Reactions can range from a smile and a nod of agreement to a full-blown emotional outburst. In most cases, reactions are instinctive, although we can also be taught to respond in a certain way.
The theoretical yield of Ba(NO3)2 for this reaction can be calculated using the following formula:
Mass of reactant = Mass of product
9.7 g AgNO3 = x g Ba(NO3)2
Rearranging the equation, we can solve for the theoretical yield of Ba(NO3)2:
x = (9.7 g AgNO3) / (2)
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What is an ice core that can be used to study carbon dioxide levels in air from so long ago
Ice cores can be used to study carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere from long ago because air bubbles get trapped in the ice as it forms.
What is an ice core?An ice core is a cylindrical sample of ice that is drilled from a glacier or ice sheet. The air trapped in ice core is a record of the atmosphere's composition at the time the ice was formed, which can provide information on the past levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Scientists can extract air from these bubbles in ice cores and measure the carbon dioxide levels using a variety of techniques, including gas chromatography and laser absorption spectroscopy.
By studying the carbon dioxide levels in ice cores from different periods in history, scientists can reconstruct a timeline of past atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and compare them to current levels. This helps to inform our understanding of the Earth's climate and how it has changed over time.
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the ink in a marking pen contains a mixture of water, pigments, and dyes if different colors. In this solution identify the solvent and solutes
The solvent in a marking pen is water, and the solutes are the pigments and dyes that provide the color.
What are solvents and solute?In a solution, the solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute. It is the component that is present in the greatest amount and provides the medium for the solute to be dissolved in.
In the case of a marking pen, the solvent is water. Water is a common solvent because it has a high polarity, which means it can dissolve many substances that have polar or ionic bonds.
The solutes in a marking pen are the pigments and dyes that provide the color. These are substances that are insoluble in water but are suspended in the water-based solution in the pen.
The pigments and dyes are dissolved in the water to create a homogeneous solution that can be used for writing and marking on surfaces.
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What is the standard cell notation for a galvanic cell with aluminum and gold
electrodes?
A. Au(s) | Aut (aq) || A1³+ (aq) | Al(s)
B. Aut (aq) | Au(s) || Al(s) | Al³+ (aq)
C. Al(s) | Al³+ (aq) || Au+ (aq) | Au(s)
D. Al³+ (aq) | Al(s) || Au(s) | Au+ (aq)
The correct standard cell notation for a galvanic cell with aluminum and gold electrodes is option C: Al(s) | Al³+ (aq) || Au+ (aq) | Au(s).
how can we know that ?The cell notation consists of two half-cells, separated by a double vertical line to indicate a salt bridge or porous barrier. The left side of the notation represents the anode, where oxidation occurs, and the right side represents the cathode, where reduction occurs.
In this case, the anode is aluminum (Al) and its ion Al³+ in aqueous solution (aq), while the cathode is gold (Au) and its ion Au+ in aqueous solution (aq). The solid state of each metal is represented in parentheses after its chemical symbol.
Therefore, the correct standard cell notation is Al(s) | Al³+ (aq) || Au+ (aq) | Au(s)
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what is the water cycle
the water cycle is like a life cycle for water. it involves collected water, such as in an ocean, evaporating. also, water evaporates out of plants into the air through stomata. this is called transpiration. the water in the air is gas, now called water vapour. because the sky gets colder as you go up, the water vapour cools to the dew point and condenses, returning to a liquid state. The condensed water forms fall. This is called precipitation. When the precipitation hits the ground, it can do one of two things. It can infiltrate, or be absorbed into the ground. Or it can become runoff, which is the moving water after a rainfall. Then the runoff can join a river to be a part of a collected body of water, which starts the water cycle over again.
thanks, hope this opened up some insight.
Ibuprofen is the most common pain reliever found in medicines. If Motrin contains 0.8 g of ibuprofen in a 500 mL bottle, what is the concentration of ibuprofen in a bottle of Motrin?
Answer:
1.6 g/L
Explanation:
To calculate the concentration of ibuprofen in a bottle of Motrin, we need to divide the amount of ibuprofen (in grams) by the volume of the bottle (in liters).
First, we need to convert the volume of the bottle from milliliters (mL) to liters (L):
500 mL = 0.5 L
Now we can calculate the concentration:
Concentration = Amount of ibuprofen / Volume of bottle
Concentration = 0.8 g / 0.5 L
Concentration = 1.6 g/L
Therefore, the concentration of ibuprofen in a bottle of Motrin is 1.6 g/L.
Kermesic acid, a red substance extracted from insects for use as a dye molecule, contains only C, H, and O. Combustion of 10.0 g of kermesic acid produces 21.33 g of CO₂ and 2.728 g of H₂O. Determine the molar mass of the compound if it is between 250.0 and 350.0 g/mol. Provide an answer to four significant figures.
The molar mass of the compound, given that it is between 250.0 and 350.0 g/mol, is 330 g/mol
How do I determine the molar mass of the compound?We'll begin by obtaining the mass of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Details below:
For Carbon
Mass of CO₂ = 21.33 gMolar mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mol Molar of C = 12 g/mol Mass of C =?Mass of C = (12 / 44) × 21.33
Mass of C = 5.817 g
For Hydrogen
Mass of H₂O = 2.728 gMolar mass of H₂O = 18 g/mol Molar of H = 2 × 1 = 2 g/mol Mass of H =?Mass of H = (2 / 18) × 2.728
Mass of H = 0.303 g
For Oxygen
Mass of compound = 10 gMass of C = 5.817 gMass of H = 0.303 gMass of O =?Mass of O = (mass of compound) - (mass of C + mass of H)
Mass of O = 10 - (5.817 + 0.303)
Mass of O = 3.88 g
Next, we shall determine the formula. details below:
C = 5.817 gH = 0.303 gO = 3.88 gFormula =?Divide by their molar mass
C = 5.817 / 12 = 0.485
H = 0.303 / 1 = 0.303
O = 3.88 / 16 = 0.2425
Divide by the smallest
C = 0.485 / 0.2425 = 2
H = 0.303 / 0.2425 = 1.25
O = 0.2425 / 0.2425 = 1
Multiply by 8 to express in whole number
C = 2 × 8 = 16
H = 1.25 8 = 10
O = 1 × 8 = 8
×
Thus, the formula of the compound is C₁₆H₁₀O₈
Finally, we shall determine the molar mass. Details below:
Molar mass of C = 12 g/molMolar mass of H = 1 g/molMolar mass of O = 16 g/molMolar mass of C₁₆H₁₀O₈ = ?Molar mass of C₁₆H₁₀O₈ = (16 × 12) + (10 × 1) + (8 × 16)
Molar mass of C₁₆H₁₀O₈ = 192 + 10 + 128
Molar mass of C₁₆H₁₀O₈ = 330 g/mol
Thus, we can conclude that the molar mass is 330 g/mol
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Which gas sample has the greatest volume at STP?
The gas with the greatest volume at STP is 80 g of HF (2nd option)
How do i know which gas has the greatest volume?To know the gas which have the greatest volume at STP, we shall determine the volume of each gas. This is illustrated below:
For HCl
Mass = 80 gMolar mass of HCl = 36.5 g/molMole = mass / molar mass = 80 / 36.5 = 2.19 molesVolume of HCl =?1 mole of HCl = 22.4 L at STP
Thus,
2.19 moles of HCl = 2.19 × 22.4
2.19 moles of HCl = 49.06 L
Thus, the volume of HCl is 49.06 L
For HF
Mass = 80 gMolar mass of HF = 20 g/molMole = mass / molar mass = 80 / 20 = 4 molesVolume of HF =?1 mole of HF = 22.4 L at STP
Thus,
4 moles of HF = 4 × 22.4
4 moles of HF = 89.6 L
Thus, the volume of HF is 89.6 L
For HBr
Mass = 80 gMolar mass of HBr = 81 g/molMole = mass / molar mass = 80 / 81 = 0.99 moleVolume of HBr =?1 mole of HBr = 22.4 L at STP
Thus,
0.99 mole of HBr = 0.99× 22.4
0.994 mole of HBr = 22.2 L
Thus, the volume of HBr is 22.2 L
From the above calculation, we can conclude that the gas with the greatest volume is 80 g of HF (2nd option)
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help me asap please, worth 15 point!
The order of given chemical reaction is three. the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of the species taking part in it
What, with an example, is the order of reaction?
The total of the exponents that the concentration terms in the rate law are increased to determines the reaction's overall order. Take the products of the reaction aA+bB, for instance. Reactants A and B are in that sequence in the reaction, which is a and b, respectively. The reaction happens in the general order a+b.
What are order of reaction and rate law?A rate law demonstrates how the concentration of the reactant affects the rate of a chemical reaction. The rate law often takes the form rate = k[A]n for a reaction like aA products, where k is the proportionality constant referred to as the rate constant and n is the order of the reaction with respect to A.
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How many moles of H2(g) are generated by the complete reaction of 0.155 g of Mg(s) with excess HCl(aq)?
Mg (1 mole) + 2HCl (2 mole) → MgCl (1 mole) + H2 (1 mole)
Therefore, 1 mole of H2(g) are generated by the complete reaction of Mg(s) with excess HCl(aq).
What does the term "reaction" signify in the context of chemistry?
When atoms establish or break chemical bonds, chemical processes take place. Reactants are the substances that begin a chemical reaction, while products are the compounds that are created as a result of the reaction.
What in chemistry is a reactant?A component that is present at the outset of a chemical reaction is known as a reactant. Products are the substance(s) to the right of the arrow. A substance that remains after a chemical reaction is complete is known as a product.
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Give the common name for the following ether.
Answer:sry
Explanation:i just needed points
Consider the hypothetical thermochemical equation
3 A + B → 2 C
for which ΔH = 57.7 kJ/mol.
If you have 5.30 moles of A, what quantity of heat, in kJ, would be absorbed?
The amount of heat that would be given out by 5.30 moles of A would be obtained as 305.81 kJ
What is the enthalpy of reaction?The enthalpy of reaction (ΔHrxn) is the amount of heat energy that is either absorbed or released during a chemical reaction at a constant pressure. It is a thermodynamic quantity that measures the change in enthalpy of a chemical reaction.
Given that;
1 mole of A would accept 57.7 kJ of heat
5.30 moles of A will accept 5.30 moles * 57.7 kJ /1 mole
= 305.81 kJ
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sodium+ ________acid= sodium cholride + ___________
magnesium _________+ sulfric acid = magnesium sulfate + water + carbon dioxide
The complete forms of the chemical reactions are as follows:
sodium + hydrochloric acid = sodium chloride + hydrogenmagnesium carbonate + sulfric acid = magnesium sulfate + water + carbon dioxideWhat is a chemical equation?A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction where reactants are represented on the left, and products on the right.
In a chemical reaction, the atoms of substances called reactants are rearranged to form new substances called products.
According to this question, two chemical reactions are given incompletely. The complete forms of these reactions showing the missing reactants and products are as illustrated above.
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School while your bestfriend has missed two weeks of traveling to Zambla, you recently recieve a latter from him asking you to explain what you have been working so that he can prepare for the test next on in class Week to friend your lonisation Energy and electronegativity. 1 write Write a letter Explaing atomic Radius,
The atomic radius is the distance between the nucleus of an atom and the outside border of the electron cloud. Atomic radius falls during a period and grows down a group in general. As electron shielding remains constant over time, effective nuclear charge grows.
Why does atomic radius drop as one moves along the group?Atomic radius reduces with time because valence electrons are added to the same energy level while the nucleus increases in protons. The increased nuclear charge attracts electrons more strongly, causing them to move closer to the nucleus.
The electron enters the same shell as the atomic number grows throughout a period.
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The most common source of copper ( Cu ) is the mineral chalcopyrite ( CuFeS2 ). How many kilograms of chalcopyrite must be mined to obtain 325g of pure Cu?
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
About 940 kg (to three significant figures) of chalcopyrite must be mined to obtain 325 g of pure Cu.
What is Molar Mass?
It is calculated by adding up the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule or formula unit. The atomic masses are taken from the periodic table and are usually given in atomic mass units (amu) or unified atomic mass units (u).
We can start by setting up a proportion, where x is the mass of chalcopyrite in kilograms that must be mined:
(mass of Cu in grams obtained from x kg of CuFeS2) / (mass of CuFeS2 in kg) = (mass of pure Cu obtained) / (mass of Cu in the sample)
From the chemical formula of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), we know that 1 mole of CuFeS2 contains 1 mole of Cu. The molar mass of Cu is 63.55 g/mol, and the molar mass of CuFeS2 is 183.52 g/mol.
So, the mass of Cu in x kg of CuFeS2 is:
(1 mol Cu / 1 mol CuFeS2) × (63.55 g/mol Cu) × (x kg CuFeS2 / 183.52 g/mol CuFeS2) = 0.346 x kg Cu
The mass of CuFeS2 in x kg is simply x kg. Substituting the given values into the proportion, we get:
0.346 x kg / x kg = 0.325 kg / 0.001 kg
Solving for x, we get:
x = (0.325 kg / 0.001 kg) / 0.346 = 940.18 kg
Therefore, about 940 kg (to three significant figures) of chalcopyrite must be mined to obtain 325 g of pure Cu.
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if there are 4 moles of O2 how many moles of each of the C6H12O6 are present
If there are 4 moles of O2, 0.6667 moles of the C6H12O6 are present.
If there are 4 moles of oxygen present. In that case, we can use the balanced chemical equation for glucose combustion to calculate the number of moles of glucose required to react with it.
According to the equation, one mole of glucose reacts with six moles of oxygen to produce six moles of carbon dioxide and six moles of water. The number of moles of glucose required to react with it is calculated by dividing the number of moles of oxygen by six.
So, if 4 moles of oxygen are present, 0.6667 moles of glucose must react with it.
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Balance this redox reaction
Answer:
hope this helps
Explanation:
A redox equation can be balanced using the following stepwise procedure: (1) Divide the equation into two half-reactions. (2) Balance each half-reaction for mass and charge. (3) Equalize the number of electrons transferred in each half-reaction. (4) Add the half-reactions together. Dec 2, 2020
Properties and chemical reactions they present chemistry
The capacity of a substance to go through a particular chemical transition is referred to as its chemical property. A process that takes place is a chemical reaction.
A physical reaction is what?The definition of a physical reaction is a response in which molecules rearrange one another but do not undergo chemical change. Without such a change in composition, physical reactions can involve changes in state, temperature, texture, and shape.
How can you format an example of a reaction?The paper ought to contain a synopsis of the source material, but the main emphasis should be on your opinions and justifications regarding the topics included in the actual text. This necessitates your consideration of the provided work, followed by a targeted, well-thought-out response supported by outside sources, when appropriate.
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A team of engineers has decided to design a new shoe for people suffering
from a painful foot condition. Which of the following tasks should the team
undertake during the process of researching the condition?
A. Find a rubber manufacturer to design the sole of the new shoe.
B. Determine how much potential consumers would be willing to pay
for this new product.
C. Test the shoe in a trial.
D. Consult with an orthopedist about how to best accommodate
potential consumers in terms of physical comfort and pain
alleviation.
D. Consult with an orthopedist about how to best accommodate potential consumers in terms of physical comfort and pain alleviation.
Researching the foot condition involves gaining knowledge about the condition, its causes, and its impact on individuals. Consulting with an orthopedist, who is a medical professional specializing in foot and ankle conditions, would provide valuable insights into how the shoe can best address the condition and alleviate pain. The other options, such as finding a rubber manufacturer and determining consumer willingness to pay, are important steps in the design and marketing process but should come after the research stage. Testing the shoe in a trial is also important but would come later in the product development process.
A sample of an unknown sulfate compound has a mass of 0.100 g. Addition of excess barium chloride solution to the sample forms a barium sulfate precipitate of mass 0.0676 g. Suggest a reason why it is desirable to use an excess of barium ion in the precipitation.
Using an excess of barium ions in the precipitation reaction is desirable to ensure complete precipitation of the sulfate ions and accurate determination of the sulfate content of the original sample.
What is precipitation reaction?When precipitating a sulfate compound using barium chloride, it is desirable to use an excess of barium ions to ensure complete precipitation of the sulfate ions. This is because the precipitation reaction is a equilibrium reaction and the precipitation may not be complete if the concentration of barium ions is not high enough.
In the precipitation reaction, barium ions (Ba2+) react with sulfate ions (SO42-) to form barium sulfate (BaSO4):
Ba2+ + SO42- → BaSO4
If there is not enough barium ions in the solution, some of the sulfate ions may not react with the available barium ions and remain in solution. This would result in an inaccurate determination of the sulfate content of the original sample. Using an excess of barium ions ensures that all the sulfate ions in the sample react with the barium ions, resulting in complete precipitation of the barium sulfate. Any unreacted barium ions will remain in solution and will not interfere with the analysis of the sulfate content of the sample.
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For all the reactions, identify the reaction type and name the products formed.
1) Reaction of 2-methylpropan-1-ol with acidified potassium permanganate
2) Reaction of butan-2-ol with acidified potassium permanganate
3) Reaction of pentan-3-one with NaAlB4
4) Reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid.
Answer:
Oxidation reaction; propanone and potassium manganate (VII) are formed.
Oxidation reaction; butan-2-one and potassium manganate (VII) are formed.
Reduction reaction; pentan-3-ol is formed.
Esterification reaction; ethyl ethanoate and water are formed.
2.72 Name the following ionic compounds: (a) KCN, (b) NaBrO2, (c) Sr(OH)2, (d) CoTe, (e) Fe2(CO3)3, (f) Cr(NO3)3, (g) (NH4)2SO3, (h) NaH2PO4, (i) KMnO4, (j) Ag2Cr2O7.
The following ionic compounds are mentioned below.
What is compound ?
A compound combines one or more additional substances to form a new product. The combination of two substances or elements is equal to the mass ratio for making that product. It is attached firmly, and they have equal in all ways to form a combination. The elements both are bonded together. Each compound has its chemical structure; if it breaks, it can either split into two atoms or molecules or in a single. Different types of compounds are present.
What is ionic compound ?
An ion with a positive charge is a cation, whereas one with a negative charge is an anion.
a) KCN = Potassium cyanide
b) NaBrO2 = Sodium bromite
c) Sr(OH)2 = Strontium hydroxide
d) CoTe = Cobalt telluride
e) Fe2(CO3)3 = Iron (III) Carbonate
f) Cr(NO3)3 = Chromium(III) nitrate
g) (NH4)2SO3 = Ammonium Sulfite
h) NaH2PO4 = Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
i) KMnO4 = Potassium permanganate
j) Ag2Cr2O7 = Silver dichromate
Therefore, The following ionic compounds are mentioned above.
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A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.95 g of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield?
the percent yield of the reaction is 7.25%. in order to obtain 5.95 g of ethyl nitrate.
How to calculate the yield percentage ?
To calculate the percent yield, we need to know the theoretical yield and the actual yield of the reaction. The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be produced based on the amount of limiting reactant used in the reaction. The actual yield is the amount of product obtained from the reaction in the lab.
Assuming the reaction is:
Ethanol + Butyric acid → Ethyl butyrate + Water
The balanced equation is:
2 C₄H₈O₂ + 2 C₂H₅OH → 2 C₆H₁₂O₂ + 2 H₂O
The molar mass of ethyl butyrate (C₆H₁₂O₂) is 144.17 g/mol.
First, we need to calculate the theoretical yield of ethyl butyrate:
1 mol of butyric acid produces 1 mol of ethyl butyrate.
The molar mass of butyric acid (C₄H₈O₂) is 88.11 g/mol.
Therefore, the theoretical yield of ethyl butyrate can be calculated as follows:
Theoretical yield = (mass of butyric acid used / molar mass of butyric acid) x (molar mass of ethyl butyrate / 2)
Let's assume the chemist used 10 g of butyric acid:
Theoretical yield = (10 g / 88.11 g/mol) x (144.17 g/mol / 2) = 81.9 g
Next, we can calculate the percent yield using the actual yield and theoretical yield:
Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%
Given that the chemist obtained 5.95 g of ethyl butyrate, the percent yield can be calculated as follows:
Percent yield = (5.95 g / 81.9 g) x 100% = 7.25%
Therefore, the percent yield of the reaction is 7.25%.
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What is the C - O bond order in carbon dioxide?
Answer:
The bond order between carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide (CO2) is two.
The Lewis structure of CO2 shows that each of the two double bonds (C=O) consists of one sigma bond and one pi bond. The bond order is the number of electron pairs being shared by a pair of atoms in a molecule, divided by the number of chemical bonds between the same pair of atoms. In CO2, there are two double bonds between carbon and oxygen, and each double bond has a bond order of 2. Therefore, the overall bond order between carbon and oxygen in CO2 is 2.