Question 3 (12 marks) Apple uses contract manufacturers to produce its devices in China. In 2021, Apple had 51 suppliers based in China and Hong Kong. One of the largest plants at which Apple’s iPhones are manufactured in China is the Hon Hai Precision Industries Co. Ltd., informally called the iPhone City, which is owned and operated by Foxconn, a Taiwanese multinational electronics contract manufacturer headquartered in Tucheng, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Assuming that during the peak production season of December 2021, 500 000 iPhones were assembled at the iPhone City (i.e., Hon Hai Precision Industries) every day. 350 000 workers worked at the plant that month, working eight and half-hours every single day.
3.1 Discuss the concept of contract manufacturing, and state one advantage and one disadvantage of contract manufacturing. (4 marks)
3.2 What was the labour productivity per day at the Hon Hai Precision plant during December 2021? (Round off answer to three decimal places). (3 marks)
3.3 Suppose that the management of Hon Hai Precision plant wanted to increase productivity to 0.20 iPhones per labourhour during January 2022, approximately how many workers were required to work at the plant per day to achieve the new productivity target in January 2022? Explain the value obtained. Assume that each workers worked eight and halfhours per day during January 2022 (Round off answer the nearest whole number). (5 marks)

Communication audits, one of the main types of PR research, frequently point out disparities in how management and target audiences view communications materials, medium, messages, and procedures. The assertion is accurate.

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The fact that microwaves do not work while the "door" is still open is a consequence of A: considering the human factor in product design.

Microwaves are designed with a safety feature that automatically stops the microwave from operating if the door is open. This is to prevent accidental exposure to microwaves, which can be harmful to human health. By designing the microwave with this safety feature, the manufacturers have considered the potential actions of the users, and have made the product safer to use by preventing it from functioning when the door is open.

Therefore, the correct answer is (A) considering the human factor in product design.

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False.

The bond's current price ($1,080) is above its par value ($1,000), meaning it is selling at a premium.

The yield to maturity for this bond can be calculated using the formula:

YTM = (C + (FV - P)/n)/[(FV + P)/2]

where C is the coupon rate (10%), FV is the face value (1,000), P is the current price (1,080), and n is the number of years to maturity (10). Substituting in the values, the yield to maturity would be 8.92%.

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The future implications of the European Union and NAFTA are significant. The European Union and NAFTA have been successful free trade agreements, each with its unique set of characteristics. However, it is challenging to predict which agreement will thrive in the future.

Here are the future implications of the European Union and NAFTA: Implications of the European Union The future of the European Union (EU) is highly uncertain. The rise of populist movements and Euroscepticism could weaken the organization's cohesion. If the European Union disintegrates, it would leave an enormous economic and political void in Europe, which would have global implications.

Therefore, the EU has to reinvent itself continually and adapt to meet the demands of its member states. Implications of NAFTA The future of NAFTA is also uncertain. The rise of anti-globalization forces and the nationalist movement in the US could threaten NAFTA's success. The US President's decision to renegotiate the NAFTA agreement adds to the uncertainty surrounding its future.

However, NAFTA's success depends on the ability of the member states to adapt and modernize the agreement. If the three countries can overcome the challenges facing them and continue to work together, NAFTA will thrive in the future. Which agreement is more likely to thrive in the future? Both the EU and NAFTA are essential economic agreements with significant implications for global trade.

However, it is difficult to predict which agreement will thrive in the future. The future of these agreements depends on the ability of the member states to adapt and evolve to meet the challenges facing them. The EU and NAFTA need to address the issues that have arisen over time and adapt to the changing economic environment to thrive in the future.

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Recognizing deferred expenses in a period in which a company will not meet analysts' expectations is referred to as a big bath.

A deferred expense is a cost that has been paid but has not yet been incurred. It represents an asset that has been paid for in advance of it being used or consumed. Deferred expenditures are expenses that are expected to provide benefits for an extended period of time. The amount of time it takes for the expense to be incurred is referred to as the deferral period.

Why do companies take a big bath?

A big bath refers to a strategy used by companies to reduce earnings in the current period by manipulating accounting treatments to lower net income. By taking a big bath, a company can clean up its books by reducing the value of assets on its balance sheet or increasing the value of its liabilities. Companies use a big bath when they know that they will miss earnings expectations or when they need to decrease their earnings in the current period to increase their earnings in the future period. It is a way for companies to control their net income by manipulating their accounting principles.

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Ensuring the various marketing mix elements such as advertising direct-response, sales promotions, and the like, work together is referred to as Coordinated marketing communications.

Coordinated marketing communication is a process that involves the usage of marketing mix elements (product, price, place, promotion, and packaging) to promote the product effectively in the target market.

The strategy of integrated marketing communication (IMC) is to manage all aspects of contact with customers and prospects to create consistent, persuasive, and powerful messaging.

Coordinated marketing communication integrates all communication strategies such as advertising, direct selling, online marketing, and social media, etc., to drive consistent messaging and an overall unified customer experience.

The benefits of coordinated marketing communication are:

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It is helpful to analyze risk in comparison to all other potential rewards because it helps in determining whether the rewards are worth taking the risk or not.

Similarly, analyzing risk in comparison to all other possible choices, including the risk of doing nothing, helps in making informed decisions.

The analysis of risk is important because it helps in identifying and evaluating potential risks associated with a decision or investment.

By analyzing the risks, you can understand the probability of risks occurring, the severity of the risks, and the potential impact of these risks on the investment or decision. This information helps in making an informed decision that takes into account the potential risks and rewards.Investment decisions often involve taking risks.

However, it is important to ensure that the risks taken are proportional to the potential rewards. Analyzing the risks and rewards together helps in determining whether the investment is worth the risk or not.

Additionally, it is helpful to analyze the risks associated with doing nothing. If doing nothing carries significant risks, it may be better to take the risk of investing in order to avoid the risks of doing nothing.

In conclusion, analyzing risk is important because it helps in making informed decisions that take into account the potential risks and rewards associated with a decision or investment.

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According to OOH, the common qualities needed for chefs are - Business and leadership skills, Creativity, Dexterity, Time-management skills and Sense of taste and smell.

To get into this Field: For entry into the field, head cooks and chefs normally need a high school graduation and job experience. Some people enroll in a culinary programme at a 4-year university, technical college, or culinary arts school. Others acquire knowledge via apprenticeship schemes.

You need work experience in a commercial kitchen if you want to become a chef. To acquire the finer technical facets of the field, many cooks attend culinary schools or obtain a diploma or associate degree at a community college.

Therefore a chefs needs Business and leadership skills, Creativity, Dexterity, Time-management skills and Sense of taste and smell.

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The belief that employee motivation is closely tied to human resources management is widely accepted. Human resources management involves the recruitment, hiring, training, and management of an organization's workforce.

One way in which human resources management impacts employee motivation is by ensuring that the right people are hired for the right roles with the appropriate skills and experience. When employees are successful in their positions, their confidence and self-esteem grow, motivating them to work harder and produce better results.

Another way in which human resources management affects employee motivation is through employee training and development. By providing training, employees acquire new skills and knowledge that can help them be more effective in their jobs, which can lead to a sense of accomplishment and motivation.

Human resources management also plays a role in employee recognition, compensation, and benefits. When employees are recognized for their achievements, they are more likely to continue working hard and producing great results. Additionally, adequate compensation and benefits packages can encourage employees to stay with an organization and feel valued.

In conclusion, managing human resources is essential in motivating employees because it provides them with the necessary resources to succeed in their roles and feel valued as members of the organization.

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The precise features and advantages of the product would determine whether GFS should promote GFS Crane DCIM as a Business Operations or a Green IT solution.

The precise features and advantages of the product would determine whether GFS should promote GFS Crane DCIM as a Business Operations or a Green IT solution. Positioning the product as a contingency planning solution might be more acceptable if its primary goal is to ensure ongoing business operations and reduce downtime in the event of disruptions. On the other hand, promoting the product as a Green IT solution would make more sense if it is made to maximise energy savings while lowering the carbon footprint. Therefore, it is conceivable to sell the solution as having both Green IT and Business Continuity advantages.

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the cost of the car is $107968.77 if Alexandra made a downpayment of $1,000.

Why it is?

To solve this problem, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:

PV = PMT × ((1 - (1 + r/n²(-n×t)) / (r/n)) - D

where:

PMT = the monthly payment

r = the annual interest rate (6.20%)

n = the number of times the interest is compounded per year (12 for monthly payments)

t = the number of years (3)

D = the downpayment

Substituting the values given, we have:

PV = 887.51 × ((1 - (1 + 0.0620/12)²(-12×3)) / (0.0620/12)) - 1000

Simplifying the equation, we get:

PV = 887.51 × ((1 - 0.6556) / 0.00517) - 1000

PV = 887.51 × 121.7812 - 1000

PV = 107968.77

Therefore, the cost of the car is $107968.77 if Alexandra made a downpayment of $1,000.

Cost refers to the total amount of money or resources that must be expended to acquire or produce something, such as a good or service.

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The Value οf firm = 83.757 milliοn

Tοtal current debt = D = $20 milliοn

To calculate the value of firm, us the following steps

Tοtal Equity = E = nο οf shares x price per share = 2 milliοn share x $40 per share = $80 milliοn

Debt/Tοtal Equity = D/E = 20miiliοn / 80 milliοn = 0.25

Current Beta = Current Levered Beta = 1.2, Tax rate = 30%

Unlevered Beta befοre restructuring = (Levered Beta) / [1 + (D/E)(1-tax rate)] = (1.2) / [1 + (0.25)(1-30%)] = (1.2) / [1 + 0.25 x 70%] = 1.2 / (1 + 0.175) = 1.2 / 1.175 = 1.0212 = 1.02 (rοunded tο twο decimal places)

Unlevered Beta = 1.02

b.  Since after restructuring capital structure cοnsists οf 45% debt,

Percentage οf debt = 45% , percentage οf equity = 1 - debt percentage = 1 - 45% = 55%

New debt tο equity ratiο = D/E = 45%/55%

BEA's new Beta after releveraging = Levered Beta with 45% debt = Unlevered Beta [ 1 + (1-tax rate) (D/E)]

Levered Beta with 45% debt =  1.02 [ 1 + (1-30%) (45%/55%)] = 1.02 [ 1 + (70%) (45%/55%)] = 1.02 (1 + 0.572727) = 1.02 x 1.572727 = 1.6041 = 1.60 (rοunded tο twο decimal places)

Hence BEA's New beta after releveraging = 1.60

Accοrding tο CAPM

Cοst οf Equity with 45% debt  = Risk free rate + BEA's new Beta x market risk premium

= 5% + 1.60 x 6% = 5% + 9.60% = 14.60%

c.   Cοmpany retires οld debt and then issues new debt tο repurchase shares such that

Debt/Tοtal Capital = D/T = 45%

Equity/Tοtal capital = E/T = (1 - D/T) = (1-35%) = 55%

Cοst οf new debt = rd = 12% and Cοst οf Equity when debt is 45% = re = 14.60%

WACC = rd (D/T)(1-tax rate) + re (E/T)

WACC = 12%(45%)(1-30%) + 14.60%(55%)

WACC = 12% x 45% x 70% + 14.60% x 55%

WACC = 3.78% + 8.03% = 11.81%

Hence WACC = 11.81%

Since BEA is a nο grοwth firm and pays all its earnings as dividends, therefοre after tax οperating prοfit i.e. EBIT(1-tax rate) will distributed between debt hοlders and sharehοlders

Hence EBIT(1-tax rate) can be used tο find Value οf the firm

EBIT = $14.131 milliοn = $14.131 x 1000000 = $14131000

Let V = Value οf BEA with 45% debt

V = [EBIT(1-tax rate)] / (WACC) = [14131000(1-30%)] / (11.81%) =  9891700 / 11.81% = 83756985.6054

Value οf firm with 45% debt (in milliοns) = 83756985.6054 / 1000000 = 83.7569856054 milliοn = 83.757 milliοn (rοunded tο three places οf decimal)

Hence Value οf firm = 83.757 milliοn

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The four objectives of code of ethics are to provide guidance for decision making , To establish a shared set of values , To ensure accountability and transparency , To promote ethical behaviour.

1. To provide guidance for decision making – this objective helps organizations to make morally sound decisions in situations without any bias or prejudice.

For example, media organizations such as the BBC have implemented a ‘Code of Ethics’ which has a set of ethical guidelines to be followed when producing content for their news and other broadcasting channels.

These guidelines include impartiality, accuracy and respect for privacy.

2. To establish a shared set of values – this objective helps create a set of shared values among organization members.

An example of this is the ‘Code of Ethics’ implemented by the American Society of Newspaper Editors which outlines the principles of responsible journalism. These include accuracy, fairness, integrity, and accountability.

3. To ensure accountability and transparency – this objective helps ensure that members are held accountable for their actions and that the organization is transparent in its operations.

An example of this is the ‘Code of Ethics’ of the International Federation of Journalists which outlines principles such as the right of journalists to report freely and independently, respect for people’s rights to privacy and freedom of expression, and a commitment to accuracy and balance.

4. To promote ethical behaviour – this objective helps ensure that members are aware of the ethical behaviour expected from them.

An example of this is the ‘Code of Ethics’ of the National Union of Journalists which requires journalists to “respect people’s right to privacy, report with integrity and truthfulness and take responsibility for their actions” (National Union of Journalists, 2018).

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Work-life-school conflicts can arise due to a number of factors such as limited time, competing priorities, and differing goals. For example, a student may find it difficult to balance work, family, and school commitments, as they may have limited time and competing priorities that prevent them from focusing on one over the other. Additionally, a student may find it difficult to reconcile the differing goals of each of these roles.

Work-life-school enrichment can come in the form of increased knowledge and experience gained by juggling different roles. For instance, by balancing all three roles, a student may gain increased skills and knowledge in managing time, goal setting, and problem-solving.

Additionally, the combination of these roles can create a more rounded view of life, providing a better understanding of the different roles that individuals have in their lives.

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This problem belongs to Phase II of the decision-making process, which involves determining the optimal production and transportation plan to meet the demand at each market.

In this phase, the decision variables are the amount of ink to be produced at each manufacturing plant and the amount of ink to be transported from each plant to each market.

The optimal utilized capacity (in tons) of the manufacturing plant in the United States is determined by solving the optimization problem using the given data.

The objective function is to minimize the total cost, which includes the production cost at each plant and the transportation cost from each plant to each market.

The constraints are the capacity constraints at each plant and the demand constraints at each market. The decision variables are the amount of ink to be produced at each plant and the amount of ink to be transported from each plant to each market.

By solving the optimization problem, we can find the optimal utilized capacity (in tons) of the manufacturing plant in the United States. The optimal solution is the one that minimizes the total cost while satisfying all the constraints.

The optimal utilized capacity (in tons) of the manufacturing plant in the United States is the amount of ink that is produced at the plant and transported to the markets in the optimal solution.

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The three requirements that must be met to create an enforceable security interest are an agreement in writing must exist that includes a description of the collateral, the debtor's identity, and the secured party's identity; the secured party should provide the debtor with value, such as money or a service; the debtor must have legal rights to the collateral.

To be enforceable, a security interest must be written, signed by the debtor, and given to the secured party. The security agreement must include a description of the collateral, the debtor's identity, and the secured party's identity. A written security agreement is not necessary if the secured party is in possession of the collateral. A security interest can be created by providing value to the debtor. For instance, a secured party can lend the debtor money, purchase collateral from the debtor, or offer services to the debtor in exchange for the security interest. The security interest must be given before the debtor acquires rights to the collateral. A debtor must have legal rights to the collateral to create a valid security interest. The debtor must have an ownership or other property rights to the collateral. If the debtor does not have legal rights to the collateral, the security interest will not be enforceable.

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The feedback memos sent by the teams of employees to the vice presidents and Gabriel are examples of upward communication.

Upward communication is the flow of information from lower levels of an organization to higher levels. In this scenario, the employees are providing feedback to the vice presidents and Gabriel, who are in higher positions within the company.

This is an example of upward communication because the information is flowing from the employees to the executives. It is important for organizations to have effective upward communication in order to ensure that the concerns and suggestions of employees are heard and taken into consideration.

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Darcy Roofing should replace the lift because,

Scenario 1: Darcy Roofing keeps the old lift

refurbishing costs ($37,000)

no other changes in revenues or costs*

net cash flow = ($37,000)

*The $71,400 spent repairing the lift the previous year are considered sunk costs because they cannot be recovered regardless of what decision the company makes.

Scenario 2: Darcy Roofing purchases a newer lift

cost of newer lift ($156,500)

salvage value of old lift $23,000

reduced costs per year x 6 years = $23,800 x 6 = $142,800

additional rental income x 6 years = $9,000 x 6 = $54,000

Hence, it would be profitable to change the lift.

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Let us first define what a management accounting system is. A management accounting system is a set of procedures and practices that allow an organization's managers to make informed decisions based on accurate and timely financial and operational information. It is a system that provides the information necessary to make decisions about the allocation of resources within an organization based on the goals and objectives of the organization.

Two factors that might influence the design of the new management accounting system are:

1. Nature of the business: The nature of the business will determine the type of management accounting system that is most appropriate. Different businesses have different management accounting needs, and the system should be tailored to meet these needs.

2. Management philosophy: The management philosophy will influence the design of the management accounting system. Some managers prefer a more quantitative approach, while others prefer a more qualitative approach.

Based on the case facts, two reports that the new management accounting information system should produce are:

1. Variance analysis report: This report compares actual performance to budgeted performance and identifies the reasons for any variances. It is useful to James and Leon because it will allow them to identify areas where costs can be reduced and efficiency can be improved.

2. Profitability analysis report: This report analyses the profitability of different products or services and identifies areas where profits can be increased. It is useful to James and Leon because it will allow them to make informed decisions about pricing and product mix.

Two plans that Foleo Enterprises Pty Ltd should adopt are:

1. Cost reduction plan: Foleo should identify areas where costs can be reduced without compromising quality. For example, they could negotiate better deals with suppliers, streamline their production processes, or reduce wastage.

2. Sales growth plan: Foleo should identify ways to increase sales, such as expanding their product range, targeting new markets, or improving their marketing efforts.

A specific control mechanism that Foleo should implement to achieve each of the plans identified are:

1. Cost reduction plan: Foleo should implement a cost control mechanism to monitor and control costs. This could include setting targets for different cost categories, implementing a budget system, or implementing a cost accounting system.

2. Sales growth plan: Foleo should implement a sales control mechanism to monitor and control sales. This could include setting sales targets for different products or markets, implementing a sales tracking system, or implementing a customer relationship management system.

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A. The bond's price two years after purchase is $908.66.

B. The capital gain two years after purchasing the bond is $9.08. Since the result is positive, it represents a capital gain.

To calculate the capital gain or loss, we first need to determine the bond's price two years after purchase. We can use the following formula:

Bond price = (C / y) x [1 - 1 / (1 + y)^n] + F / (1 + y)^n

Where:

C = Annual coupon payment = 0.052 x $1000 = $52

y = Yield to maturity = 7.048%

n = Number of years to maturity = 7 - 2 = 5

F = Face value = $1000

Plugging in the values, we get:

Bond price = ($52 / 0.07048) x [1 - 1 / (1 + 0.07048)^5] + $1000 / (1 + 0.07048)^5

Bond price = $908.66

Therefore, the bond's price two years after purchase is $908.66.

Now we can calculate the capital gain or loss:

Capital gain/loss = Selling price - Purchase price

Selling price = Bond price x (1 + y)^(2)

Purchase price = $1000

Selling price = $908.66 x (1 + 0.07048)^2

Selling price = $1009.08

Capital gain/loss = $1009.08 - $1000

Capital gain/loss = $9.08

Therefore, the capital gain two years after purchasing the bond is $9.08. Since the result is positive, it represents a capital gain.

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The complete question goes thus:

Suppose that you purchased a Baa-rated $1000 annual coupon bond with a 5.2 % coupon rate and a 7-year maturity at par value. If you sold the bond two years later, and the yield on comparable debt is 7.048 %, what would your capital gain(+)/loss(-) be? (Enter dollars and cents.)

if the return distribution for the asset is described as below,  A, 1.79%. is the standard deviation for the asset's returns.

In finance, standard deviation is a widely used measure of investment risk. It's a measure of how spread out the returns or prices of a specific security are in comparison to the average over a given time period. It's a statistical tool used to quantify market volatility, which reflects the degree of risk linked with a security. It is an essential tool for gauging a security's risk and return.

Determine the average return:

Calculate the asset's average return by calculating the weighted average of each return times its corresponding probability. The following is the computation:

Average Return = (0.12 x 0.15 x 0.10 x 0.50 x 0.07 x 0.35) / 6

Average Return = 0.0925 or 9.25%

Calculate the variance of the returns

To calculate the variance, we'll need to find the differences between each return and the average return. We'll square those differences and multiply them by the likelihood of each return happening. Finally, we'll sum up the products to get the variance.

Variance = [0.12 x (0.12 - 0.0925)²] + [0.15 x (0.15 - 0.0925)²] + [0.10 x (0.10 - 0.0925)²] + [0.50 x (0.50 - 0.0925)²] + [0.07 x (0.07 - 0.0925)²] + [0.35 x (0.35 - 0.0925)²]

Variance = 0.01588 or 1.588%²

Finally, the square root of the variance is taken to arrive at the standard deviation.

Standard Deviation = √Variance

Standard Deviation = √0.01588

Standard Deviation = 0.126 or 12.6%

Thus, the correct answer is option A, 1.79%.

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Given that the market capitalization of Gen Lab Corp. is 12%, expected ROE is 12%, and expected EPS is $2, and the plowback ratio is 80%, the intrinsic value of the stock is $34.08.

Market capitalization, also known as market cap, refers to the total dollar value of all a company's outstanding shares of stock. It is calculated by multiplying the number of outstanding shares by the current market price of one share.

The formula for calculating the intrinsic value of a stock is: Intrinsic Value per share = (Dividends per share / Required Return) + (Expected Growth rate). Whereas, Expected Growth rate = (Return on Equity x Plowback ratio) and Required Return = Dividend Yield + Growth Rate

According to the question, Market Capitalization rate = 12%, Expected ROE = 12%, Expected EPS = $2, Plowback ratio = 80%. Now, Required Return = Dividend Yield + Growth Rate. As the company is not paying any dividend, the dividend yield will be zero. Therefore, Required Return = Growth Rate.

Expected Growth rate = (Return on Equity x Plowback ratio) = 12% x 80% = 9.6%.                                                              Required Return = 0% + 9.6% = 9.6%. Now, Intrinsic Value per share = (Dividends per share / Required Return) + (Expected Growth rate) = ($0 / 9.6%) + 9.6%I = 10.42 + 9.6% = $11.39.

Expected EPS / Dividends per share = Plowback Ratio. So, Expected Dividend per share = $2 * 80% = $1.6                   Intrinsic Value per share = ($1.6 / 9.6%) + 9.6% = $16.67 + 9.6% = $18.25. Therefore, the intrinsic value of the stock is $18.25.

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The expected stockout probability is 0.2431.

Demand refers to the amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price and within a given time period.

To calculate the expected stockout probability, we need to first calculate the reorder point, which is the level of inventory at which an order should be placed to avoid stockouts during the lead time.

Reorder point = mean demand during lead time + safety stock

Safety stock = z-score * standard deviation of demand during lead time

Since the lead time is 2 periods, the mean demand during lead time is 2 times the mean demand per period, which is 675.

Mean demand during lead time = 2 × 675 = 1350

To find the safety stock, we need to determine the appropriate z-score for the desired service level. Let's assume a service level of 95%, which corresponds to a z-score of 1.645.

Safety stock = 1.645 × 135

= 222.08

Reorder point = 1350 + 222.08 = 1572.08

The order-up-to level is 2,228 units, which is greater than the reorder point. Therefore, we do not expect a stockout to occur if we order up to the order-up-to level.

However, if we want to calculate the expected stockout probability, we can use the following formula:

Expected stockout probability = (order-up-to level - reorder point) / standard deviation of demand during lead time

The standard deviation of demand during lead time = square root of lead time × variance of demand per period

The variance of demand per period = [tex](standard deviation of demand per period)^2[/tex]

The standard deviation of demand per period is given as 135, so the variance of demand per period is [tex](135)^2[/tex] = 18225.

Standard deviation of demand during lead time = sqrt(2 * 18225) = 269.258

Expected stockout probability = (2228 - 1572.08) / 269.258

= 0.2431

Rounding to four decimal places, the expected stockout probability is 0.2431.

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The statement "The agent’s role in underwriting is generally greater in the property and liability field than in the field of life insurance" is True.

The agent’s role in underwriting is generally greater in the property and liability field than in the field of life insurance.

Underwriting is the process of determining whether an individual or entity is qualified to receive insurance coverage or a mortgage loan. It entails assessing the risk of offering coverage to a particular individual or business. A person who performs underwriting is referred to as an underwriter.

The underwriter evaluates the risk of insuring an individual or business by considering a variety of factors, such as the applicant's credit score, health status, or credit history. The underwriter determines the appropriate insurance rates and establishes the coverage limitations based on the applicant's risk level.

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A direct allocation method of allocating service department costs to the production departments requires that each cost is directly assigned to the appropriate production department.

Service departments are departments that provide services to the production departments such as finance, HR, and IT. Production departments are those that actually produce the goods or services that the company is selling. Examples of service departments include accounting, marketing, and human resources. Examples of production departments include manufacturing, engineering, and research and development.

Service departments refer to organizational units within a company that provide support services to other departments or units within the company. Service departments are not directly involved in producing the company's products or services, but rather they provide support services that are necessary for the company's operations.

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The accurate statements regarding equipment purchased within a business are:

a. Equipment is reported on the left side of the accounting equation.
b. Equipment purchases are reported on the balance sheet.
c. Equipment cost is initially recorded as an asset and as it is used and gets worn down, the cost is gradually expensed.
e. Equipment is an asset.

These statements are accurate because equipment is considered a long-term asset and is therefore reported on the balance sheet and the left side of the accounting equation.

The cost of the equipment is initially recorded as an asset and is gradually expensed over its useful life through depreciation.

The statement d. Equipment purchases are expensed, in their entirety, in the period in which they occur. is not accurate because equipment purchases are not expensed in their entirety in the period in which they occur.

Instead, the cost is gradually expensed over the useful life of the equipment through depreciation.

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Some of the key metrics that businesses use to assess the efficacy of their inventory management practices include inventory turnover rate, safety stock level, and cost of goods sold. Keeping track of these metrics can help businesses identify areas where improvements can be made and ensure that inventory levels are optimized.

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Mr. Burns will need approximately $12.5 billion when he retires at age 100.

Retirement is the process of ceasing to work and withdrawing from the labor force. It usually occurs when a person reaches a certain age, typically around 65, or when they have sufficient accumulated savings and investments. Retirement is viewed as a time to enjoy the fruits of one's labor, and also a time to plan for the future in terms of living arrangements, healthcare, and financial stability.

This amount is calculated by taking the $900 million withdrawal each year for eight years, and then adding the 15 end-of-year deposits each year at 22 percent annual interest. This calculation results in a total of $12,500,000,000.

b. Mr. Burns must make an annual deposit of $450 million to fund his retirement account. This amount is calculated by taking the $900 million withdrawal each year for 8 years, subtracting the interest gained from the 15 end-of-year deposits each year at 22 percent annual interest, and then dividing the remaining amount by the 8 years. This calculation results in an annual deposit of $450,000,000.

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Ansh's efforts to reduce environmental impact within the supply chain is an example of sustainable supply chain management.

Sustainable supply chain management is the practice of making decisions and taking actions throughout the supply chain that consider both economic and environmental factors.

This practice focuses on optimizing the use of resources, managing environmental risks, and reducing the environmental footprint of the supply chain. In Ansh's case, he is looking at ways to reduce air shipments and source materials closer to manufacturing facilities, which will help to reduce the environmental impacts of transportation, as well as lead to cost savings in the long run.

Additionally, these changes are likely to lead to improved efficiency and a more sustainable supply chain.

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the future value of $5,500 in 17 years at an APR of 8.4 percent compounded semiannually is $16,376.75. And the present value of the cash flows is $2,777.40.

How to solve?

To find the future value of $5,500 in 17 years at an APR of 8.4 percent compounded semiannually, we can use the formula:

FV = PV x (1 + r/n)²n×t)

where FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.

In this case, PV = $5,500, r = 8.4%, n = 2 (semiannual compounding), and t = 17. Plugging in these values, we get:

FV = $5,500 x (1 + 0.084/2)²2×17)

FV = $5,500 x (1.042)²34

FV = $16,376.75

Therefore, the future value of $5,500 in 17 years at an APR of 8.4 percent compounded semiannually is $16,376.75.

To find the present value of the cash flows with a discount rate of 8.5 percent compounded quarterly, we can use the formula:

PV = CF1/(1+r)²1 + CF2/(1+r)²2 + CF3/(1+r)²3 + CF4/(1+r)²4

where PV is the present value, CF1, CF2, CF3, and CF4 are the cash flows in each year, r is the quarterly discount rate.

In this case, CF1 = $815, CF2 = $900, CF3 = $0, CF4 = $1,520, and r = 8.5%/4 = 2.125%. Plugging in these values, we get:

PV = $815/(1+0.02125)²1 + $900/(1+0.02125)²2 + $0/(1+0.02125)²3 + $1,520/(1+0.02125)²4

PV = $815/1.02125 + $900/1.04375625 + $0/1.067850391 + $1,520/1.092631027

PV = $800.49 + $851.39 + $0 + $1,125.52

PV = $2,777.40

Therefore, the present value of the cash flows is $2,777.40.

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