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Since carbon has four valence electrons, it can create four covalent bonds to reach the entire outer energy level.

The electrons in an atom's outermost shell, or energy level, are called valence electrons. For instance, the valence electrons of oxygen are six, with two in the 2s subshell and four in the 2p subshell.

For neutral atoms, the number of valence electrons is equal to the number of the atom's primary group. The main group number of an element in the periodic table can be found by looking at its column. For instance, the group 4 member carbon contains four valence electrons. Oxygen, a group six member, has six valence electrons.

Chlorine, fluorine, iodine, and astatine are members of the halogen family of elements, which are those containing seven electrons in the valence shell.

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Answer:

106.119 calories

Explanation:

Hope this helps! If you need a step-by-step explanation feel free to ask and I'd be happy to give it to you <33

Carbon emissions includes the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, produced by business processes and systems.

What does carbon emission mean?

Carbon dioxide emissions or CO2 emissions are emissions stemming by the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement; they contain carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels also as gas flaring.

A drive to figure , a flip of a light-weight switch and a flight out of town all rely on the combustion of fossil fuels like oil, coal and gas. When fossil fuels burn, they emit greenhouse gases like CO2 that contribute to heating . Ninety-eight percent of atmospheric CO2 comes from the combustion of fossil fuels.

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Gold is fcc and has a lattice constant of 0.40788 nm . The value for the atomic radius of a gold atom in nanometers is 0.14421 nm. .

A gold atom touches another along the diagonal on each face of the unit cell of a fcc lattice, which has right angles. Typically, the diagonal is shown as extending from the center of one atom to the center of a second atom and to the center of a third atom. As a result, one can construct a right triangle whose hypotenuse is 4r, where r is the radius of a gold atom, and whose legs both have lengths of a = 0.40788 nm. By applying the Pythagorean theorem,

a^2 +  a^2  = ( 4r )^2,

2 a^2 + = (16r^2) ,

and r = (21/2/4)a,

where an is the stated covalent atomic radius of gold and r is 0.14421 nm.

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If we consider a structure in which a carbon is bonded to two three carbon chains and a branched alkane then the branched alkane is a 2 carbon chain with a  ethyl on Carbon 1 then the correct name of the structure is 4-(isopropyl)heptane.

The two three carbon chains bonded to the carbon atom will form the parent chain of this structure and this chain will have 7 carbon atoms in it.

Since this chain is that of an alkane and it has no functional group attached so the root name will be heptane.

Now, we have to add a prefix by naming the branched alkyl chain. The branched chain has 3 carbon atoms in it with a methyl group on carbon 1.

So, this name of this group will be propyl.

The position of this propyl group is 4th on the parent chain so the full name of the structure will be 4-(isopropyl)heptane.

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Answer:

Probably the most common use is the first-order decay law, which describes everything from radioactive decay to the metabolism of drugs.

Much of the power of logarithms is their usefulness in solving exponential equations. Some examples of this include sound (decibel measures), earthquakes (Richter scale), the brightness of stars, and chemistry (pH balance, a measure of acidity and alkalinity)

Explanation:

A baseball’s resultant velocity is 17.23 m/s, at 26.02° from the level ground then the  horizontal component of the baseball’s velocity is 15.4835m/s

Velocity means the direction of the movement of the body or the object here given data is velocity =17.23 m/s, at angle= 26.02° and we have to find  horizontal component of the baseball’s velocity=?

So, Horizontal distance can be expressed as x=V × t

Cos26.02°=x/17.23 for vector component, this means that the

17.23cos26.02°= x horizontal component is the hypotenuse length

x=15.4835m/s is the horizontal component of the baseball’s velocity

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The correct option is cyclohexane.

What is the product of the following reaction? Cyclohexane.

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The compound that would be formed if lithium and oxygen were placed together is Li₂O (lithium oxide), which is option B.

A chemical reaction is a process, typically involving the breaking or making of interatomic bonds, in which one or more substances are changed into others.

When a metal and nonmetal reacts, the charge of the metal becomes the subscript of the nonmetal and vice versa.

According to this question, lithium metal reacts with oxygen nonmetal. Lithium is an element with a charge of +1 while oxygen has a charge of -1.

This suggests that the compound that will be formed if lithium and oxygen were placed together is Li₂O (lithium oxide).

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At ph 7.0, converting an aspartic acid to beta-carboxyl aspartate, will have Charge will remain same.

An -amino acid used in the biosynthesis of proteins is aspartic acid (symbol Asp or D; the ionic form is called aspartate) (also known as aspartic acid or aspartate). It includes an amino group and a carboxylic acid, just like every other amino acid does. The protonated form of the -NH+ contains its -amino group.

While its '-carboxylic acid group is deprotonated to 'COO' under physiological conditions, it forms 3 in the absence of those conditions. Aspartic acid has an acidic side chain (CH2COOH) that interacts with other amino acids, enzymes, and proteins in the body. Under physiological conditions (pH 7.4), the side chain typically appears in proteins as the negatively charged aspartate form, or COO. Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it as needed. By the codons GAU, it is encoded.

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120 KJ of heat is absorbed in this reaction.

As we know

Where W is the provided mass of carbon, which is 30g, n=W/M

M is the carbon molar mass. 30 / 12 = 2.5 moles at 12g/mol.

As a result, the heat absorbed by 2.5 moles of carbon is equal to 120 kJ, or half the heat absorbed by 5 moles of carbon, or 239.9 kJ.

The heat evolved (either emitted or absorbed) during a process that runs at constant pressure is equivalent to the change in enthalpy. The internal energy (U) and pressure-volume product (PV), are both supplied by the equation:

H=U+PV

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0.19264 × 10^23 molecules of NH4Br are there in 3.166g of NH4Br.

Given

Mass = 3.166g

Molecular mass of NH4Br = 97.94

Moles = Given mass / molar mass

Moles = 3.166 / 97.94

Moles = 0.032

To get number of molecules

Molecules = Moles × 6.02 × 10^23

                = 0.032 × 6.02 × 10^23

Molecules = 0.19264 × 10^23

Depending on the context, the term may or may not include ions that fit this condition. A molecule is a collection of two or more atoms held together by the attractive forces known as chemical bonds.

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She will use 10 L of the 20% solution.

A mixture is a substance made up of two or more dissimilar chemical compounds that are not chemically linked in chemistry. When two or more substances are physically combined, their identities are maintained, and the mixture takes the shape of solutions, suspensions, or colloids.

Let

x = amount of 8% solution

y = amount of 20% solution

The chemist wants to end up with a 12-L mixture, so

x + y = 12

0.8x L of salt is present in an 8% solution, while 0.2y L is present in a 20% solution. When blended, the mixture should have an 18% salt concentration, or 18% of 12 L = 2.16 L of salt, so

0.08x + 0.2y = 2.16

Solve for y :

x = 12 - y

0.08 (12 - y) + 0.2y = 2.16

0.96 - 0.08y + 0.2y = 2.16

0.12y = 1.2

y = 10

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The energy required to ionize a muonic hydrogen atom compare to that required to ionize a regular hydrogen atom:

Muonic hydrogen is an exotic hydrogen atom, where a muon (instead of an electron) orbits proton. Because muon is 200 times heavier than the electron, the muon's orbit is 200 times closer to the proton in muonic hydrogen than that of the electron in regular hydrogen.

The extremely precise extraction of proton radius obtained by Pohl et al. from measured energy difference between the 2P and 2S states of muonic hydrogen disagrees significantly with that extracted from electronic hydrogen or elastic–proton scattering. This discrepancy is proton radius puzzle.

In muonic hydrogen electron is replaced by muon, μ which is 200 times heavier than electron

ΔE= En - Ei

for hydrogen like atom,

ΔE= 13.6(Z square /n square) - (-13.6Z square/1 square)

For, Z=1 and n=x (for ionization)

I.E.=13.6eV for electron

I.E.∝ mass (as binding energy proportional to mass)

I.E.=13.6eV*200

    =2720eV

    =2.720keV

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The similarities and differences between roller coaster rides and NASA plane training sims.

The forces are not sustained, as James Sebastian indicated, although being of approximately equal magnitude. This is what makes all the difference. The most physically taxing component of my high-performance aircraft flying is holding a turn at 6-8re or a G suit, you can quickly experience GLOC (G Induced LossG for anywhere between 10 and 20 seconds. Without the "hick" maneuver of Consciousness), which feels like your brain is being drained of blood. Consider that you will likely weigh as much as a small family automobile during those 20 seconds as well. We typically feel fatigued after a roller coaster flight since it is challenging and exhausting to move our limbs.

PS: Flying has destroyed skydiving and roller coasters.

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The concentration of making 87.3 ml of salicylic acid solution with 0.45 mg is 3.73x10⁻⁵ M

To solve this problem, the formulas and the procedures that we have to use are:

Where:

Information about the problem:

Converting the volume units from (ml) to (L) we have:

v(solution) = 87.3 mL * (1 L/1000 ml)

v(solution) = 0.0873 L

Converting the mass units from (mg) to (g) we have:

m =  0.45 mg * (1 g/1000 mg)

m = 0.00045 g

Having the MW we calculate the moles of salicylic acid:

n(salicylic acid) = m(salicylic acid) / MW(salicylic acid)

n(salicylic acid) = 0.00045 g / 138.12 g/mol

n(salicylic acid) = 3.258x10⁻⁶ mol

Applying the molarity formula, we get:

M = n(solute)/v(solution) L

M = 3.258x10⁻⁶ mol / 0.0873 L

M = 3.73x10⁻⁵ M

In chemistry a solution is known as a homogeneous mixture of two or more components called:

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The name given to the smallest group of atoms, ions, or molecules that form the building block of a mineral is called unit cell.

What is unit cell?

A unit cell is the smallest part of a crystal lattice that exhibits the three-dimensional structure of the entire crystal. The identical unit cell can be thought of as being duplicated in three dimensions in a crystal.

An atom is what?

Atoms, which are minuscule bits of matter, are what distinguish each chemical element from the others. A negatively charged core nucleus and one or more orbiting electrons make up an atom. There may be the positively charged, somewhat massive protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus.

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The resultant pressure force acting on a body completely or partially submerged in a liquid is the

When a body is completely or partially submerged in a liquid, the resultant pressure force acting on the body is called the buoyant force.

A fluid's uoyancy, also known as an upthrust, is an upward force that works against the weight of an item that is partially or completely submerged in the fluid. Because of the weight of the fluid on top, pressure in a fluid column rises with depth.

Accordingly, a fluid column's bottom has a higher pressure than its top. Similar to this, when an object is submerged in a liquid, the pressure at the bottom of the object is higher than at the top. The net force on the object is upward due to the pressure difference. According to Archimedes' principle, the force's strength is proportional to the difference in pressure and is equal to the weight of the fluid that would otherwise occupy the space.

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The types of energy are correctly matched below:

Thermal energy: Coal-fire power plant

Electrical energy: power plant

Sound energy: Radio

Chemical/potential energy:Coal

Energy conversion is also known as energy transformation whereby a type of energy changes to another form of energy.

There are various types of energy which includes:

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A solution made from 35 ml of ethanol and 75 ml of water has volume percentage of ethanol is 35%.

Solution, in chemistry, homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to what is called the limit of solubility. The term solution is commonly applied to liquid state of matter, but solutions of gases and solids are possible. Air, for example, is a solution consisting chiefly of oxygen and the nitrogen with trace amounts of several other gases, and brass is a solution composed of copper and zinc.

Life processes depend in the large part on solutions. Oxygen from lungs goes into solution in the blood plasma, unites chemically with the hemoglobin in the red blood cells, and is released to the body tissues. The products of digestion also are carried in solution to different parts of the body. The ability of liquids to dissolve the other fluids or solids has many practical applications. Chemists take advantage of the differences in solubility to separate and purify materials and to carry out chemical analysis. Most chemical reactions occur in the solution and are influenced by the solubilities of the reagents. Materials for chemical manufacturing equipment are selected to resist solvent action of their contents.

Percentage of ethanol = 35/100=35%

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Fats or oils are created when the hydroxide group of glycerol combines in a dehydration synthesis process with the carboxyl group of fatty acids.

The building blocks of fat in our bodies and the food we eat are called fatty acids. During digestion, the body transforms lipids into fatty acids so they may be absorbed into the bloodstream. A molecule known as a triglyceride is created when three fatty acid molecules are linked together.

Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids are all present in dietary fats. Even while meals include all three forms of fatty acids, they are frequently grouped according to the prevalent type.

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Answer:

d. all of these

Explanation:

i had this same question so hope this helps

Then  there is an increase in Entropy.

A state of disorder, unpredictability, or uncertainty are frequently related with the scientific concept of entropy, which is also a quantifiable physical characteristic. The notion and the phrase are employed in a variety of disciplines, including classical thermodynamics, where they were initially identified, statistical physics, which describes nature at the molecular level, and information theory. It has wide-ranging uses in physics and chemistry, biological systems and how they relate to life, cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, and information systems, particularly the transfer of information through telecommunication.

The amount of different configurations that the atoms in a system can take depends on its entropy. Entropy can be thought of as a gauge of uncertainty or unpredictability.

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The density of an element with a lattice perimeter of 0.45 nm and an atomic weight of 96.4 g/mol is 7.05 g/cm^3.

Based on the position of atoms in a solid, they are divided into many categories like simple cubic, face-centered cubic(fcc), body-centered cubic(bcc), etc.

In face centered cubic type of solid, the atoms are present at the corners and face center,  the effective number of atoms(Z) is 4.

The formula for the density of a solid is

Density = M x Z/ NA x a^3

Here M is the atomic weight of the metal= 96.4 g/mol

Z is the  number of atoms = 4

NA is the Avogadro number = 6.022 x 10^23

a is the lattice perimeter = 0.45 nm

Putting the given values in the equation,

Density = 7.05 g/cm^3.

Hence, the density of an element with a lattice perimeter of 0.45 nm and an atomic weight of 96.4 g/mol is 7.05 g/cm^3.

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The energy is released upon emission is E =  1.7 x 10⁵ J/mol.

The formula of energy is

      E = hv

Here,

      v = c / λ

c = speed of light

  = 3 × 10^8

λ = 660 nm

  = 660 × 10^-9

       v = c / λ

          = 3 × 10^8 / 660 × 10^-9

       v = 4.5 × 10^14

Value of h = 6.626 x 10^-34 Js

      E = hv

      E = 6.626 × 10^-34 Js ×  4.5 × 10^14

      E = 2.9 × 10^-19 J/ photon

The amount of energy we receive is one photon's worth. To find the solution to this question, we must thus multiply this result by Avogadro's number.

E = 2.9  x 10 ⁻¹⁹ J/ photon x 6.022 x 10 ²³photon/mol

E =  1.7 x 10⁵ J/mol

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One possible drawback to moist-heat cookery is that color, flavor, vitamins and minerals may leach out and be lost in the liquid.

What is cooking with moist heat?

Liquid or steam is used in moist heat cooking to deliver heat to the food. Poaching, steaming, and braising are three common methods. Each os the moist heat cooking method uses heat in the form of liquid or vapor to slowly cook food and loosen connective tissue.

Numerous nutrients, including vitamins and minerals, are lost when food is cooked using moist heat because these nutrients stay in the liquid that they were originally cooked in. Taste is lost when food is boiled since it also stays in the liquid.

Question:

One possible drawback to moist-heat cookery is that _______ may leach out and be lost in the liquid.

a.color

b.flavor

c.vitamins

d.minerals

e.all the above

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The net ionic equation is: 2H⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq) → H₂S(g)

A net ionic equation is an ionic equation which does not indicate the ions which remains in the solution as ions at the end of the reaction but only the ions which form the products are shown in  a net ionic equation.

The ions that remain in solution are known as spectator ions.

The ionic equation of the given reaction is given below:

Mn²⁺S²⁻(aq) + 2H⁺SO₄²⁻ (aq) → Mn²⁺SO₄²⁻ (aq) + H₂S(g)

The net ionic equation is: 2H⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq) → H₂S(g)

In conclusion, a net ionic equation only shows ions that form products.

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The molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 84.7 g of kmno4 in 165 g of water is 3.25m

Molality is a measure of number of the moles of solute in a solution corresponding to 1 kg or 1000 g of solvent. This contrasts with definition of the molarity which is based on a specified volume of solution.

The term molality is formed in analogy to the molarity which is molar concentration of a solution. The earliest known use of intensive property molality and of its adjectival unit, now-deprecated molal, appears to have been published by G. N. Lewis and M. Randall in the 1923 publication of Thermodynamics and Free Energies of Chemical Substances. Though two terms are subject to being confused with the one another, the molality and molarity of a dilute aqueous solution are nearly same, as one kilogram of water (solvent) occupies volume of 1 liter at room temperature and a small amount of solute has little effect on the volume.

Therefore,

molality = moles of solute / kg solvent, "m"

             =0.535mol/0.165kg

             =3.25m

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Using henderson-hasselbach equation, the mass of sodium acetate(dry) is 0.2g and volumes of glacial acetic acid and dH₂O needed to prepare 50 mL of 0.2 M acetate buffer of pH 4.5 are  9.125 mL and 15. 875 mL

The Henderson-Hasselbach equation is :

             pH = pKₐ + log [A ⁻]

                                       [HA]

We have a pH 4.5 solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate. pKₐ of acetic acid is 4.75. Taking ratio of weak acid to conjugate base:

    4.5 = 4.75 + log [sodium acetate]

                                   [acetic acid]

 [Sodium acetate]   = 0.5623

    [acetic acid]

Now, number of moles of each component to be calculated.                                    

If total concentration is- 0.10 M, then:

            [HA] + 0.5754[HA] = 0       .10 M

            [HA] =           0.10            

                        1.0000 + 0.5754

             [A⁻] = 0.0365 M    

Total volume given is - 50 mL(50 mL= 0.050 L), so the moles of each component :

            nₐ₋ = 0.0365 mol   x 0.050 L = 0.001825 mol

                              L

            nhₐ =  0.0635 mol x 0.050 L = 0.003175 mol

                              L

Let the starting concentration were 0.20M, then we can find volume they both start with:

            Vₐ₋ =         1L           x 0.001825 mols A⁻ = 0.009125 L

                       0.20 mols A⁻

                   = 9.125 mL

            Vhₐ =          1L           x 0.003175 mols HA = 0.015875 L

                       0.20 mols HA

                   = 15.875 mL

To calculate mass of sodium acetate , using the equation:

pKₐ = -log Kₐ = -log 1.8 x 10⁻⁵ = 4.74 (kₐ of acetic acid is 1.8 x 10⁻⁵)

4.5 = 4.74 + log [acetate] / [acetic acid]

log[acetate] / [acetic acid] = -0.24

[acetate] / [acetic acid] = 0.182

x/0.2=0.182

x = [acetate] = 0.0364 M

0.0364 mol/L x 0.050 L x 136.08 g/mol = 0.247 g

Since the molarity is given to only one significant figure, answer can be reported as 0.2 g

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