Answers
Answer:
5730 years
Explanation:
In a chemical reaction, including radioactive decay, the half-life of a species is the time taken for the substance to decrease to exactly one-half its initial value.
For a first-order reaction, the half-life of the reactant is
[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}} \ = \ \displaystyle\frac{\ln 2}{\lambda} \ \ \ \ \ \ (1)[/tex],
where λ is the reaction's rate constant modeled by the differential equation describing the kinetics of a first-order reaction
[tex]N \ = \ N_{0}e^{-\lambda t} \ \ \ \ \ (2)[/tex],
where N is the remaining amount of substance after time t and [tex]N_{0}[/tex] is the initial amount of substance before the chemical reaction proceeds.
Since the value of λ is constant, rearrange equation (1) with λ as the subject,
[tex]\lambda \ = \ \displaystyle\frac{\ln 2}{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}[/tex].
Given that only 12.5% of carbon-14 remained after 17190 years assuming that initially there was 100% of carbon -14, substitute in the values into equation (2) and solve for λ (make λ the subject of the equation),
[tex]\-\hspace{0.56cm}12.5 \ = \ 100e^{-\lambda \times 17190} \\ \\ \-\hspace{0.5cm} \displaystyle\frac{12.5}{100} \ = \ e^{-17190\lambda} \\ \\ \displaystyle\frac{\ln\displaystyle(\frac{1}{8})}{-17190} \ = \ \lambda \\ \\ \-\hspace{1.05cm} \lambda \ = \ \displaystyle\frac{3\ln2}{17910} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\ln \displaystyle\frac{1}{x} \ = \ -\ln x\ ; \ \ln x^{n} \ = \ n\ln x )[/tex]
Equate both λ,
[tex]\displaystyle\frac{\ln 2}{t_{\frac{1}{2}}} \ = \ \displaystyle\frac{3\ln2}{17190} \\ \\ \-\hspace{0.26cm} t_{\frac{1}{2}} \ = \ \ln 2 \ \times \ \displaystyle\frac{17190}{3\ln2} \\ \\ \-\hspace{0.26cm} t_{\frac{1}{2}} \ = \ \displaystyle\frac{17190}{3} \\ \\ \-\hspace{0.26cm} t_{\frac{1}{2}} \ = \ 5730[/tex]
*Note that the above calculations demonstrated that carbon-14 went through 3 half-lives to yield a remaining 12.5% of its original amount, since
[tex]100\% \ \overset{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}\longrightarrow \ 50\% \ \overset{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}\longrightarrow \ 25\% \overset{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}\longrightarrow \ 12.5\%[/tex].
Therefore, if n is the time taken for carbon-14 to half its initial amount trice to remain 12.5% of its initial amount. Then, the half-life of carbon-14 is [tex]\displaystyle\frac{n}{3}[/tex].
Related Questions
How does the water cycle transfer energy through an ecosystem?
Answers
Answer:
Water also moves through the living organisms in an ecosystem. Plants soak up large amounts of water through their roots. The water then moves up the plant and evaporates from the leaves in a process called transpiration. The process of transpiration, like evaporation, returns water back into the atmosphere
Explanation:
my dad is a science teacher
Answer:
water gains energy in condensation and releases it in evaporation
The gene for fur color in mice has two alleles, the allele for gray fur
(G) is dominant to the allele for black fur (g). What would be the
phenotype of a mouse with genotype gg?
A Gray fur
B black fur
C Gray fur with the black spot
D Black fur with the gray spot
Answers
Hope this helps!
The percentage of ATP production for a strength/power athlete during an aerobic activity during the first 10 seconds of the activity would be Question 7 options: 30 20 < 15 60
Answers
During aerobic activity, high number of ATP molecules are produced due to the addition of oxygen in it.
The percentage of ATP production for a strength/power athlete during an aerobic activity during the first 10 seconds of the activity would be higher than activity of anaerobic. Aerobic respiration process produces up to 38 ATP molecules per glucose as compared to anaerobic respiration produces only 2 ATP molecules per glucose.
This shows that aerobic respiration produces 15 to 20 times higher energy as compared to anaerobic respiration so we can conclude that during aerobic activity, high number of ATP molecules are produced due to the addition of oxygen in it.
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If a plant died from lack of food provided by photosynthesis, which structure is most likely missing or damaged
Answers
Does the light independent pathway of photosynthesis continue to occur when the leaf disks are placed in the dark environment
Answers
Answer: Does the light independent pathway of photosynthesis continue to occur when the leaf disks are placed in the dark environment.
In plants, carbon dioxide (CO2) enters the leaves through stomata, where it diffuses over short distances through intercellular spaces until it reaches the mesophyll cells. Once in the mesophyll cells, CO2 diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast, the site of light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
Yes, the light independent pathway of photosynthesis continues to occur when the leaf disks are placed in the dark environment.
What is photosynthesis?“The process by which green plants make their own food in presence of sunlight, chlorophyll and carbon dioxide is called photosynthesis.”In this process oxygen molecule is released as by product.It has two pathways: light dependent and light independent.
In light dependent pathway, light energy is used by chlorophyll and is converted into chemical energy.In light independent pathway, the energy produced during light dependent pathway is used to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. It occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.Hence, it is true that the light independent pathway of photosynthesis continues to occur when the leaf disks are placed in the dark environment.
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What is the relationship between the number of blood cells in the body and illness?
Answers
Answer:
Variations from the normal number, size, or maturity of the blood cells can be used to mean there is an infection or disease process. Often with an infection, the number of white blood cells will be elevated.
Explain the the verse below in your own words.
Hebrews 11:7
Answers
Answer:
Faith, according to the Bible, is not blind. More than half of the verses in the book of Hebrews are dedicated to explaining reasons and evidence to accept the new covenant in Jesus Christ. Nor is faith gullible, or senseless. Instead, godly faith is exemplified by trust. That trust is based on what we know of God, relying on Him for the things we do not know. In particular, godly faith looks forward, from an eternal perspective, and produces obedience, even in the face of hardship. God takes what we cannot see, or cannot understand, and uses it to make good on His word. Since faith relies on what we've seen of God, and trusts Him for the future, it becomes the "assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen" (Hebrews 11:1–3).
Explanation:
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CAN I HAVE A BRANLIEST PLZ
Faith, according to the Bible, is not blind. More than half of the verses in the book of Hebrews are dedicated to explaining reasons and evidence to accept the new covenant in Jesus Christ. Nor is faith gullible, or senseless. Instead, godly faith is exemplified by trust. That trust is based on what we know of God, relying on Him for the things we do not know. In particular, godly faith looks forward, from an eternal perspective, and produces obedience, even in the face of hardship. God takes what we cannot see, or cannot understand, and uses it to make good on His word. Since faith relies on what we've seen of God, and trusts Him for the future, it becomes the "assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen" (Hebrews 11:1–3).
the individual blades are called a) simple leaf b) compound leaf c)leaflets d) leaf gap
Answers
The individual blades are called leaflets. The leaflets are also referred to as
foliole.
The leaflets is referred to as the individual leaf and is usually not attached
directly to the main stem of the plants.
A simple leaf has only one blade while a compound leaf has two or more
blades which are divided into parts which we call leaflets. Leaflets are
usually in groups in plants and can be plucked individually from the
branches of trees.
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Here is a diagram of the digestive system. Where do you think lactase would be most effective? Explain. Be sure to consider the amount of time lactose/food would spend in each area.
Answers
Lactase will most likely be found in the small intestine and food spends the largest time there.
The digestive system refers to all the structures that are responsible for the breakdown of food in the body. In each part of the digestive system, enzymes act on the food particles to enable certain conversions.
The enzyme lactase in involved in the digestion of milk and diary products. The enzyme has an optimum pH of about 6 hence it works in an acidic environment. Lactase is found in the small intestine.
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Aluminum is mined from the ground. Recycling aluminum cans decreases the need for mining bauxite. Paper can also be recycled. How does recycling paper preserve trees?
Answers
Answer:
Saving wood
Explanation:
It takes less water to break down waste paper than it does to break down wood. If paper recycling is used to the full potential, wood is only needed once to produce 5 cycles of paper which also means saving waste from landfill 5 times.
write types of cellular respiration and their function?
Answers
Answer:
There are 2 types of cellular respiration i)Aerobic respiration
ii)Anaerobic respiration
Explanation:
i)Aerobic respiration: is the chemical reactions in the cells that use oxygen to break down food molecules to release energy. Its complete oxidation process that releases more energy (2830 $ J). The word equation of aerobic respiration is:-
glucose + oxygen------> carbon dioxide + water + energy.
ii) Anaerobic respiration: is the chemical reactions in cells that break down food to release energy without using oxygen. Its partial (incomplete) oxidation process that release a few energy (188 $ J) The word equation of anaerobic respiration in human muscles:-
glucose-----> lactic acid
The word equation of anaerobic respiration in yeast:-
glucose yeast alcohol + carbon dioxide
------->
Give reasons :
a) Nylon clothes should not be worn in the kitchen.
b) Cotton fibre is used to make bath towels.
c) Umbrellas and raincoats are made from synthetic fibres
Answers
Answer:
a) It is dangerous to wear nylon clothes while cooking because it is a synthetic cloth and they catch fire easily also they can stick on our body which is very painful.
b) Cotton is a natural product. And unlike synthetic fibres, it is more absorbent. The towel hence has high absorbency.
c) Nylon and polyester are two fabrics most commonly used in raincoats and umbrellas. They are not absorbent the way natural fibers are. They naturally resist waterlogging, and can be made waterproof.
Because the marshmallow burned for a short time in the marshmallow vs cheeto lab, it is safe to say
that the marshmallow acted like a...
o
A. carbohydrate
B. lipid
Answers
please asnwer A and B
A. How is the blood in the pulmonary arteries different from blood in other arteries?
B. How is the blood in the pulmonary veins different from blood in other veins?
Answers
Pulmonary artery carry deoxygenated blood while are there arteries carry oxygenated blood.
pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood while the other veins carry deoxygenated blood
An insulator the loss of heat energy.
slows down or speeds up
I WILL MARK YOU BRAINLYSS PLUS 40 POINTSSS
Answers
Answer: Slows down
Explanation: Insulation slows does the transfer of heat energy. think of it like this. a puffer jacket (more insulation) keeps you warmer longer than a t-shirt (less insulation).
:)
If the gene for not having Albinism (A) is dominant over the gene for having albinism (a). How can two non-albino people have an albino child. which genotype makes this possible?
Answers
Read Aloud
Rate Content
A
Cleavage differs from mitosis because:
From
Answers
Your skeleton enables you to move.
True
False
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Your skeleton supports your body weight to help you stand and move. Joints, connective tissue and muscles work together to make your body parts mobile.
Answer:
Allows movement: Your skeleton supports your body weight to help you stand and move. Joints, connective tissue and muscles work together to make your body parts mobile.
Explanation:
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The molecules in this diagram are moving in a
A) random motion from one part of a membrane to another, from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
B) random motion from one part of a membrane to another, from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.
C) straight line motion from one part of a membrane to another, from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
D) straight line motion from one part of a membrane to another, from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.
Answer:
A) random motion from one part of a membrane to another, from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
random motion from one part of a membrane to another, from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.
3. Explain why unmanned marine vehicles are so useful provide specific examples
or facts from the video.
Answers
Unmanned marine vehicles are useful because they help with marine tasks, completing them in less time, reducing risks, reaching deeper areas.
Unmanned marine vehicles (UMV) are robotic vehicles controlled from afar that allow us to explore the sea and perform tasks with minimum risks.
UMV is useful because:
They substitute people working at the sea in risky tasks,They allow deeper exploration of the sea.They do tasks in less time than humans.An example of how useful these marine vehicles are is during the construction of ports. They replace divers who have to do the job manually, spending many hours and risking their lives. With a UMV, there is no need for humans to go under the water, experts control the robot from the surface.
In conclusion, UMVs are useful because they are practical tools that save time and reduce risks.
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Starting from the sun, create a food chain including three organisms.
Answers
Answer:
sun ----> plant -----> bunny
Explanation:
the sun helps the plant grow, then the bunny eats the plant.
Answer:
Sun, Plankton, Herring
Explanation:
The sun Provides energy for the plankton to conduct photosynthises, which in turn allows for herring to eat the plankton
what is colustrum? explain plz
Answers
Is cloning of endangered species a reliable and acceptable way to repopulate those ecosystems that suffer the loss of important species? Why or why not. (2 paragraph
minimum).
Answers
Cloning an extinct species is a possible answer for a suffering ecosystem. The only drawback is that scientists have not yet mastered cloning. When attempting to clone animals often they are deformed and therefore not able to reproduce let alone survive. Even when scientists do manage to clone animals without killing them, it takes many generations of selective breeding to get the species you are trying to revive which takes time, making the ecosystem even more damaged.
The study of a living being is called biology.
The correct answer is not reliable.
The duplication of the genes in the laboratory is called cloning.
The first clone species was the sheep whose name was a dolly.
Those species which are on the verge of extinction is called endangered species and they need extra protection to carry their gene to the next generation.
The cloning will be able to multiply the gene in the in-vitro culture but they will have a direct impact on the natural genes and the combination of the gene present in nature.
The natural species have all the desired genes which help them to survive in nature, whereas the clone species will not have the desired gene which is required to adapt to nature and they will extinct eventually. If these genes pass on to the next generation then the endangered species will also have less chance to survive in nature.
Hence, in my opinion, they cloning is not a suitable way to save endangered species.
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Write any two adaptational characteristics of camel on the basis of habitat.
Answers
And its ability to store water for long periods of time in its hump
What 4 things can affect the way enzymes work? Explain how each thing affects an enzyme
Answers
Answer
temperature, ph, concentration and enzyme substrate
Explanation
Enzymes work best within specific temperature and pH ranges, and sub-optimal conditions can cause an enzyme to lose its ability to bind to a substrate. Changing the pH outside of this range will slow enzyme activity.
Enzymes will work best if there is plenty of substrate
pls help click the link answer
Answers
Answer:
1. Transfer
2. Share
3. Subscript
4. Positive
the group of cells that use chemicals to recycle elements in the blood are called
a.muscles
b.glands
c.hormones
d.oxygen
Answers
Explanation:
I'm guessing the answer is oxygen.
The oxygen cells are a type of cell that uses chemicals to recycle elements in the blood.
What is oxygen cells?Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, transport oxygen to your body's tissues. Your tissues emit carbon dioxide as oxygen is converted into energy. Red blood cells also transport carbon dioxide to your lungs for exhalation. Cells require oxygen to efficiently use glucose in cellular respiration. This is how most organisms obtain energy. When oxygen binds to parts of glucose molecules, water, carbon dioxide, and energy are released. After all, the organism uses the energy to create adenosine triphosphate (ATP). A type of blood cell found in the blood that is produced in the bone marrow.To learn more about oxygen cells, refer to:
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Earth's layers can be organized based on composition and physical properties. Describe what each of these categorizations mean.
Answers
When a person senses a stimulus, the information is sent to multiple parts of the brain for processing and then on to a motor neutron for a response resulting in a voluntary response is known as?
Answers
Answer:
For example, sensory neurons send information from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin to the brain. Motor neurons carry messages away from the brain to the rest of the body.
Explanation:
When the impulse reaches the end of the axon, chemicals are released and picked up by a neighboring neuron, causing the nerve impulse to continue. ... Your emotions, decisions, and physical actions all happen through nerve impulses traveling through neurons in your brain, spinal cord and nerves.
La importancia de la biología en el cambio climatico
Answers
Answer:
¿Qué tiene que ver la biología con el cambio climático?
El cambio climático puede alterar la compatibilidad entre los organismos y su entorno local, reduciendo la supervivencia y la reproducción y provocando impactos posteriores en las poblaciones o distribuciones de especies en las regiones geográficas. Los cambios en el clima pueden beneficiar a algunas especies y causar la extinción de otras.
Explanation: