Answers
a. The gas-phase enthalpy change for the reaction, ΔH is 272 kJ/mol.
b. The reaction is endothermic
c. The information provided makes it impossible to tell if the reaction is spontaneous in the given direction or not.
What is the enthalpy change of the reaction?To determine the gas-phase enthalpy change using bond dissociation enthalpies, we use the formula below:
Enthalpy change = (sum of the bond dissociation energies of the bonds broken) - (sum of the bond dissociation energies of the bonds formed)Using the OWL Table Reference, we can obtain the following bond dissociation energies:
C-H bond dissociation energy: 413 kJ/mol
C-Br bond dissociation energy: 276 kJ/mol
O-H bond dissociation energy: 463 kJ/mol
Breaking the bonds in the reactants requires:
3 C-H bond energies: 3 x 413 kJ/mol = 1239 kJ/mol
1 C-Br bond energy: 276 kJ/mol
1 O-H bond energy: 463 kJ/mol
Forming the bonds in the products releases:
3 C-O bond energies: 3 x 360 kJ/mol = 1080 kJ/mol
1 H-Br bond energy: 366 kJ/mol
The gas-phase enthalpy change for the reaction is:
ΔH = (bond energies of reactants broken) - (bond energies of products formed)
ΔH = (1239 kJ/mol + 276 kJ/mol + 463 kJ/mol) - (1080 kJ/mol + 366 kJ/mol)
ΔH = 272 kJ/mol
b. The reaction requires energy to proceed and is, therefore, endothermic.
c. To determine whether the reaction is likely to proceed spontaneously in the direction written, the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of the reaction must be known.
The Gibbs free energy change is related to the enthalpy change (ΔH) and the entropy change (ΔS) by the equation:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
The data provided is not enough to determine if the reaction is spontaneous in the given direction or not.
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Related Questions
Calculate the moles of BaCO3
that is present in
150 mL of
0.650 M Solution. Convert the
moles to grams using molar mass
of BaCO3.
Answers
There are 0.0975 moles of BaCO3 present in 150 mL of 0.650 M solution, which is equal to 13.4 grams of BaCO3.
Are moles and molarity the same?Molarity (M) is calculated by dividing the volume of the solution (V) in litres by the number of moles of solute (n). Not moles of solute per litre of solvent, but rather moles of solute per litre of solution, is a crucial distinction to make when defining molarity.
moles = concentration x volume
150 mL = 150/1000 L = 0.15 L
Then we can use the formula to find the moles of BaCO3:
moles = concentration x volume
moles = 0.650 mol/L x 0.15 L
moles = 0.0975 mol
Next, we can convert the moles of BaCO3 to grams using the molar mass of BaCO3:
molar mass of BaCO3 = 137.33 g/mol (from periodic table)
mass = moles x molar mass
mass = 0.0975 mol x 137.33 g/mol
mass = 13.4 g (rounded to one decimal place)
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A 2.5 g sample of sucrose (C12H22O11) was burned in excess oxygen in a calorimeter which contained 2190.0 g of water. The temperature of the water (specific heat = 4.184 J/g℃) increased from 20.50 °C to 25.01 °C.
Answers
The concentration of the sucrose solution is:
C = n / V = n / (m / ρ) = (0.0073 mol) / (0.509 g / 1 mL / 1.00 g/cm³) = 0.144 M.
The first step is to calculate the amount of heat released by the combustion of sucrose using the balanced chemical equation:
C12H22O11 + 12O2 → 12CO2 + 11H2O
From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of sucrose produces 12 moles of CO2 and 11 moles of H2O. The molar mass of sucrose is 342.30 g/mol, so the number of moles in 2.5 g is:
n = 2.5 g / 342.30 g/mol = 0.0073 mol
Therefore, the combustion of 2.5 g of sucrose produces:
12 mol CO2 × 0.0073 mol = 0.0876 mol CO2
11 mol H2O × 0.0073 mol = 0.0803 mol H2O
The amount of heat released by the combustion of sucrose can be calculated using the standard enthalpy of combustion ΔH°comb = -5648 kJ/mol:
q = ΔH°comb × n = (-5648 kJ/mol) × 0.0073 mol = -41.23 kJ
This heat is absorbed by the water in the calorimeter, so we can use the equation:
q = mcΔT
where q is the heat absorbed by the water, m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat of water, and ΔT is the temperature change.
Substituting the given values, we get:
-41.23 kJ = (2190.0 g)(4.184 J/g℃)(25.01 °C - 20.50 °C)
Solving for the mass of water, we get:
m = -41.23 kJ / [(2190.0 g)(4.184 J/g℃)(25.01 °C - 20.50 °C)] = 0.509 g
Therefore, the mass of water is 0.509 g, and the total mass of the solution is:
m = 2.5 g sucrose + 0.509 g water = 3.009 g.
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Which of the following best defines an acidic solution?
Answers
acid can kill and decay bodies if your needing to get rid of human remains
Which of the following is a possible way to describe the H2O component in the reaction below?
2HCI(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) --> 2H2O(I) + CaCl2(aq)
Answers
that H2O is on the opposite end of the equation, this is one of the reaction's products. We can therefore refer to the H2O element as just a product.
By a product, what do you mean?The thing being sold is called a product. An item or service can be considered a product. Physical, virtual, or cyberspace forms are all possible. Every good has a price because it costs money to produce it. The market, quality, marketing, and intended market group all affect the price which can be paid.
Describe by-product using an example.Anything that is created while another product is being manufactured or processed is known as a by-product. The by-product of is the source of the raw material.
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Answer:
the correct ansrew is c
Explanation:
because there are 2 molecules of h2o
Give the systematic name for each of the following organic molecules and enter it in the space provided. Be sure to include appropriate punctuation.
Answers
A complicated molecule known as an organic is mainly composed of carbon atoms joined to other atoms of the same element and/or other carbon atoms.
Where are organic molecules?In general, scientists classify a particle as organic if it includes at least one other element in addition to carbon. That ingredient is typically one of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. According to some definitions, an organic molecule must contain both carbon and hydrogen.
Organic molecules can be found in the tissues of animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi; in horns and nails, fallen leaves, eggs, fruits, and vegetables; and in wood, milk, paper, petroleum, and gasoline.
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A pressure cooker uses pressure to
A. boil water at a lower temperature than its normal boiling point.
B. heat food more slowly because the pressure is lower.
C. cook food in a bath of steam instead of liquid water.
D. keep water as a liquid at hotter temperatures than its normal boiling point.
Answers
A pressure cοοker uses pressure tο bοil water at a lοwer temperature than its nοrmal bοiling pοint.
Thus οptiοn A is cοrrect.
In a pressure cοοker, dοes the water bοil at a lοwer temperature?Water bοils at 100°C (212°F) when yοu cοοk in a typical saucepan at atmοspheric pressure (14.7 pοunds per square inch [psi]). A pressure cοοker's inside can experience an additiοnal 15 psi οf pressure, οr almοst 30 psi. Water bοils at 121°C (250°F) at that pressure.
What is the purpοse οf a pressure cοοker?Pressure cοοkers make it simple tο swiftly create dishes that are slοw-cοοked. They are gοοd fοr tenderising less expensive cuts οf meat and efficient in terms οf electricity use.
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For all the reactions, identify the reaction type and name the products formed.
1) How would you prepare ethoxyethane from ethene? Provide equations/reactions
2) How would you prepare propanoic acid from prop-1-ene? Provide equations/reactions
3) Place the following organic molecules in order of increasing boiling points: butane, butan-2-one, butanoic acid, and butan-2-ol. Justify your answer.
Answers
Answer:
1) Ethoxyethane can be prepared from ethene by the reaction of ethene with ethanol in the presence of a catalyst such as sulfuric acid. This is an example of an addition reaction.
Equation:
C2H4 + C2H5OH → C4H10O (ethoxyethane)
2) Propanoic acid can be prepared from prop-1-ene by the reaction of prop-1-ene with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in the presence of water. This is an example of an oxidation reaction.
Equation:
CH2=CHCH3 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2O → CH3CH2COOH (propanoic acid) + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
3) The order of increasing boiling points is: butane < butan-2-ol < butan-2-one < butanoic acid.
Butane is a nonpolar molecule and has only weak London dispersion forces between its molecules, so it has the lowest boiling point.
Butan-2-ol has a polar hydroxyl group (-OH) which allows for hydrogen bonding between its molecules, increasing its boiling point compared to butane.
Butan-2-one has a polar carbonyl group (C=O) which also allows for dipole-dipole interactions between its molecules, increasing its boiling point compared to butan-2-ol.
Butanoic acid has a polar carboxyl group (-COOH) which allows for hydrogen bonding between its molecules, making it the most polar and highest boiling compound among the given options.
What changes chemically during a reaction?
Products
Reactants
Coefficient
Subscripts
Answers
Answer: Chemical reactions involve breaking chemical bonds between reactant molecules (particles) and forming new bonds between atoms in product particles (molecules). The number of atoms before and after the chemical change is the same but the number of molecules will change.
When societal demand for a synthetic material increases, the demand for the natural resources used to make the synthetic material also .......
Answers
Demand for the environmental assets utilized to produce a synthetic materials rises in tandem with that demand. Obtaining the resources necessary to produce a synthetic material occasionally results in significant changes in that ecosystem.
What kind of natural resources are employed in the production of synthetic materials?Natural resources like wood & sand are used to make "natural" items. Natural resources are also used to make "synthetic" products. For instance, petroleum that is extracted from the soil is used to make synthetic materials like plastic. Natural resources include petroleum.
What effects are there that the utilization of synthetic products have on the environment?For instance, toxins from manufactured products can leak into the environment and kill wildlife or poison water sources. Synthetic products can also consume more resources then natural ones, which can have a negative impact on the environment in such a number of ways, including by accelerating climate change.
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how many grams of carbon is there in 100g of glucose
Answers
The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6, which means it contains 6 carbon atoms.
To calculate the mass of carbon in 100g of glucose, we can use the molar mass of glucose and the molar mass of carbon to find the mass fraction of carbon in glucose:
The molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6) is 180.16 g/mol (6 carbon atoms x 12.01 g/mol + 12 hydrogen atoms x 1.01 g/mol + 6 oxygen atoms x 16.00 g/mol).
The molar mass of carbon is 12.01 g/mol.
The mass fraction of carbon in glucose is:
(6 carbon atoms x 12.01 g/mol) / (1 molecule of glucose x 180.16 g/mol) = 0.4
This means that 40% of the mass of glucose comes from carbon. Therefore, in 100g of glucose, there would be:
100g x 0.4 = 40g of carbon.
So, there are 40 grams of carbon in 100g of glucose.
Chemistry Help!!
1. Determine the number of moles of gas present in the following problems
a. 3.0 L of helium gas held in a balloon at STP
b. 3.0 L of helium gas held in a balloon with a temperature of 33 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 99.5 kPa.
c. While resting, the average 70-kg human male consumes 14 L of pure O2 per hour at 25 degrees Celsius and 100.0 kPa. How many moles of oxygen are consumed by the man during this time?
Answers
Answer:
a. At STP, the temperature is 273 K and the pressure is 101.3 kPa. Therefore, the number of moles of helium gas present in a 3.0 L balloon at STP is:
n = PV/RT = (101.3 kPa)(3.0 L) / (8.31 J/K/mol)(273 K)
n = 0.1209 mol
b. To solve for the number of moles of helium gas at a different temperature and pressure, we need to use the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, we convert the temperature to Kelvin: T = 33°C + 273 = 306 K
Then we can solve for n:
n = PV/RT = (99.5 kPa)(3.0 L) / (8.31 J/K/mol)(306 K)
n = 0.109 mol
c. The number of moles of oxygen consumed by the man can be found using the ideal gas law:
n = PV/RT
We are given the pressure, volume, and temperature, so we can plug those in and solve for n. However, we need to convert the volume from L to m3 and the pressure from kPa to Pa:
V = 14 L = 0.014 m3
P = 100.0 kPa = 100000 Pa
T = 25°C + 273 = 298 K
n = PV/RT = (100000 Pa)(0.014 m3) / (8.31 J/K/mol)(298 K)
n = 0.006 mol
Therefore, the man consumes 0.006 moles of oxygen per hour.
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Calculate the following and provide the answers rounded off to the correct accuracy
(8.12 - 0.9800) g ×(3.4501 + 0.16) mL
Answers
29.15 g mL Calculate the following and provide the answers rounded off to the correct accuracy.
What is accuracy?Accuracy is a measure of how closely a given set of data or results match their expected values. It is a measure of the degree of correctness and precision of a system's output. Accuracy is often expressed as a percentage and can be determined by comparing a system's results to known or accepted values. Accuracy is important in many fields, from scientific research, to medicine, to engineering, to business, and beyond. It is essential for achieving accurate results and making decisions based on reliable data.
The calculation for this problem is (8.12 - 0.9800) g × (3.4501 + 0.16) mL = (7.14 g) × (3.61 mL) = 25.8954 g mL. Rounded off to the correct accuracy, the answer is 29.15 g mL.
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If 3.90 g of CuNO3 is dissolved in water to make a 0.840 M solution, what is the volume of the solution in milliliters?
Answers
Answer:
49.6ml
Explanation:
formula: L solution = mols/M
First convert CuNO3 to mols by using its molar mass. 93.56 g
then plug into the formula I gave. 3.90 g CuNO3=0.0417 mols
how do you Balance This equation (NH4)3PO4(aq)+MgCl2(aq)-Mg3(PO4)2(s)+NH4CL(aq)
Answers
Answer: To balance the equation (NH4)3PO4(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → Mg3(PO4)2(s) + NH4Cl(aq), you need to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation.
Start by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides:
Left side: (NH4)3PO4(aq) + MgCl2(aq)
3 nitrogen atoms (N)
12 hydrogen atoms (H)
1 phosphorus atom (P)
4 oxygen atoms (O)
1 magnesium atom (Mg)
2 chlorine atoms (Cl)
Right side: Mg3(PO4)2(s) + NH4Cl(aq)
3 magnesium atoms (Mg)
2 phosphorus atoms (P)
8 oxygen atoms (O)
4 nitrogen atoms (N)
1 chlorine atom (Cl)
1 hydrogen atom (H)
The equation is not balanced as the number of atoms of some elements are not equal on both sides. To balance the equation, you can follow these steps:
Balance the number of nitrogen atoms by putting a coefficient of 3 in front of NH4Cl:
(NH4)3PO4(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → Mg3(PO4)2(s) + 3NH4Cl(aq)
Balance the number of hydrogen atoms by putting a coefficient of 12 in front of Mg3(PO4)2:
(NH4)3PO4(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → 3Mg3(PO4)2(s) + 3NH4Cl(aq)
Balance the number of chlorine atoms by putting a coefficient of 2 in front of MgCl2:
(NH4)3PO4(aq) + 2MgCl2(aq) → 3Mg3(PO4)2(s) + 3NH4Cl(aq)
The final balanced equation is:
(NH4)3PO4(aq) + 2MgCl2(aq) → 3Mg3(PO4)2(s) + 3NH4Cl(aq)
Brainliest is appericated this took me a while. (:
Explanation:
Chemistry-Which one is it
london dispersion forces (LDF)
dipole-dipole
hydrogen bonding
Answers
The structure given in question is hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules.
What is hydrogen bonding?Hydrogen bond is an electrostatic force of attraction between hydrogen atom which is covalently bound to a more electronegative "donor" atom/ group and another electronegative atom bearing lone pair of electrons— hydrogen bond acceptor.
Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules and not a covalent bond to hydrogen atom. It results from attractive force between hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom such as a N, O, or F atom and another very electronegative atom.
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how many grams of KClO3 are needed to produce 6.5g of KCl?
Answers
We need 10.7 g of KClO3 to produce 6.5 g of KCl. Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, which is about 1 amu, so the atomic mass of an element is roughly the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
What is Atomic Mass?
Atomic mass is the mass of an atom of a chemical element. It is usually expressed in atomic mass units (amu) or in grams per mole (g/mol). The atomic mass of an element is determined by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of KClO3 producing KCl is:
2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2
We can see from the equation that 2 moles of KClO3 produce 2 moles of KCl. We need to calculate how many moles of KCl are produced from 6.5g of KCl, and then use the mole ratio to find the amount of KClO3 needed.
First, we need to convert the mass of KCl to moles:
moles of KCl = mass of KCl / molar mass of KCl
= 6.5g / 74.55 g/mol
= 0.0872 mol
From the balanced equation, we know that 2 moles of KClO3 produce 2 moles of KCl. Therefore, to find the moles of KClO3 needed to produce 0.0872 mol of KCl, we can use the following proportion:
2 mol KClO3 / 2 mol KCl = x mol KClO3 / 0.0872 mol KCl
Solving for x, we get:
x = 0.0872 mol KClO3 x (2 mol KClO3 / 2 mol KCl)
= 0.0872 mol KClO3
Finally, we can convert the moles of KClO3 to grams using its molar mass:
mass of KClO3 = moles of KClO3 x molar mass of KClO3
= 0.0872 mol x 122.55 g/mol
= 10.7 g
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Experimental data for a 1.00 m Mgl₂ aqueous
solution indicate an actual change in the freezing
point of water of -4.78°C. Find the expected
change in the freezing point of water. Suggest a
possible reason for the discrepancy between the
experimental and expected values.
Answers
Answer:
The expected change in freezing point of water can be calculated using the formula:
ΔTf = Kf x molality
Where ΔTf is the change in freezing point, Kf is the freezing point depression constant for water (1.86°C/m), and molality is the molal concentration of the solute (mol of solute/kg of solvent).
Assuming complete dissociation of MgCl2 in water, the molality of the solution can be calculated as:
molality = (1.00 mol MgCl2 / 0.1 kg H2O) = 10.0 mol/kg
Substituting the values into the equation, we get:
ΔTf = (1.86°C/m) x (10.0 mol/kg) = -18.6°C
Therefore, the expected change in the freezing point of water for a 1.00 m MgCl2 solution is -18.6°C.
If water is added to 1 mole of sodium chloride in a flask until the solution is 1 liter what is the molarity of the solution? What is the molarity when water is added to 2 moles of sodium chloride to make 0.5 liters?
Answers
When water is added to 2 moles of sodium chloride to make 0.5 liters, the molarity is 4M.
1. The molarity of a solution is 1 M when 1 mole of sodium chloride is dissolved in 1 liter of water. This is because molarity is defined as the number of molecules of a solute (in this case, sodium chloride) added to the liter of treatment solution. The molarity is 1 M because we have 1 mole of sodium chloride in 1 liter of solution.
2. The molarity of a solution is 4 M when 2 moles of sodium chloride are dissolved in 0.5 liters of water. This is because we have twice as many moles of sodium chloride as in the previous case but only half the volume of water. As a result, the concentration of sodium chloride in the solution is doubled, resulting in a molarity of 4 M.
Mathematically, we can calculate the molarity as follows:
Molarity = the number of moles of solution mass in liters.
In this case, we have 2 moles of Sodium chloride, and its mass is 0.5 liters:
Molarity = 2 moles / 0.5 liters = 4 M
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The initial concentration of A is 0.165 M and after 116 s the concentration has decreased to 0.111 M.
a) What is the value of the rate constant k?
Answers
the value of the rate constant k is 0.00734 s^-1.
What is the first-order integrated rate law, and how can it be used to determine the rate constant k?
ln[A]t = -kt + ln[A]0
Where [A]t is the concentration of A at time t, [A]0 is the initial concentration of A, k is the rate constant, and ln represents the natural logarithm.
We can rearrange the equation to solve for k:
k = (ln[A]0 - ln[A]t) / t
Plugging in the values given in the problem:
[A]0 = 0.165 M
[A]t = 0.111 M
t = 116 s
k = (ln[0.165] - ln[0.111]) / 116 s
Using a calculator, we get:
k = 0.00734 s^-1
Therefore, the value of the rate constant k is 0.00734 s^-1.
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change the units. (1) 5055 mm to m
Answers
Answer:
To convert 5055 mm to m, we need to divide by 1000 (since there are 1000 mm in 1 m):
5055 mm ÷ 1000 = 5.055 m
Therefore, 5055 mm is equal to 5.055 m.
Explanation:
5) What volume of a 9 M BeSO4solution contains 90 grams of BeSO4?
A) 21 mL
B) 38 mL
C) 77mL
D) 95 mL
Answers
Answer:
The molar mass of BeSO4 is:
9 + 32 + (4x16) = 137 g/mol
To calculate the volume of a 9 M solution containing 90 grams of BeSO4, we can use the formula:
moles = mass / molar mass
moles = 90 g / 137 g/mol
moles = 0.657 g
Then, we can use the formula:
M = moles / volume (in liters)
Rearranging this formula, we get:
volume (in liters) = moles / M
volume (in liters) = 0.657 / 9
volume (in liters) = 0.073 L
Finally, we convert the volume from liters to milliliters:
volume (in mL) = 0.073 L x 1000 mL/L
volume (in mL) = 73 mL
Therefore, the answer is not one of the choices provided. The closest option is C) 77 mL.
Determine the hybrid orbital of this molecule.
A. sp³
B. sp²
C. sp
D. sp³d
Answers
Answer:
Answer choice (A). sp^3 hybridization
Explanation:
When looking at what hybrid orbital may form when given just a lewis dot structure, you have to consider both the attached atoms and lone pairs.
This H2O molecule has two attached atoms (the hydrogens) and two lone pairs (the dots attached to the oxygen). When hybridized, the lone pairs will try to get as far away from the other atoms as possible, giving us a tetrahedral geometry that occupies 4 positions.
What is the C - O bond order in NCO?
Answers
Answer:
The resonense structures as follows:
Explanation:
Refer to the image attached for the full answer.
while you are taking a morning shower, what are the control objective, you are measurement and the manipulated variables at your disposal?
Answers
The control objective of a morning shower is to provide a comfortable and refreshing start to the day, and the manipulated variables at your disposal can be adjusted to achieve this objective.
What is Measurement?
Measurement is the process of assigning a numerical value to a physical quantity or property of an object or system. Measurements are made using instruments or tools that are designed to detect and quantify the property of interest, such as length, weight, temperature, time, or electrical current.
In science and engineering, accurate measurements are essential for understanding the behavior of natural and engineered systems, and for developing theories and models that can predict future behavior. Measurements are also important for quality control, product testing, and monitoring environmental conditions, among other applications.
The control objective during a morning shower could be to maintain a comfortable water temperature for the duration of the shower. The measurement variable could be the temperature of the water, which can be monitored using a shower thermometer or by feeling the water with your skin. The manipulated variable at your disposal could be the hot and cold water knobs, which can be adjusted to maintain the desired water temperature.
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In a sealed and rigid container, a sample of gas at 3.25 atm and 210.0 °C is cooled to 0.0 °C. What is the pressure (in atm) of the gas at 0.0 °C?
Answers
Answer:
The pressure of the gas at 0.0 °C is 1.84 atm.
Explanation:
To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law, which states that the equation relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas:
(P1 x V1) / T1 = (P2 x V2) / T2
where P1, V1, and T1 are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature, and P2, V2, and T2 are the final pressure, volume, and temperature.
We are given:
P1 = 3.25 atm
T1 = 210.0 °C = 483.15 K (convert to Kelvin)
T2 = 0.0 °C = 273.15 K (convert to Kelvin)
Since the container is rigid, the volume (V1) and final volume (V2) are the same. Therefore, we can simplify the equation to:
P1 / T1 = P2 / T2
Substituting the given values, we get:
(3.25 atm) / (483.15 K) = P2 / (273.15 K)
Simplifying, we get:
P2 = (3.25 atm x 273.15 K) / 483.15 K
P2 = 1.84 atm
why are mass and volume extensive properties and why is density and intensive property?
Answers
Answer:
Mass and volume are extensive properties because they depend on the size or amount of matter present in a system. For example, if we double the amount of a substance, its mass and volume will also double. Extensive properties are additive and their value changes with the size or amount of the system.
On the other hand, density is an intensive property because it does not depend on the amount of matter present in a system, but only on its composition and physical state. Density is defined as the mass of a substance per unit volume, which means that for a given substance, the density will always be the same regardless of the size or amount of the sample. Intensive properties are not additive and their value is independent of the size or amount of the system.
The mass of a piece of metal is 30.4571 grams. When the piece of metal was dropped into a graduated cylinder that had an initial water volume of 6.45 cm³, the total volume increased to 9.90 cm³. What is the density of the piece of metal in g/cm³?
Answers
Answer: 8.824 g/cm³
Explanation: To find the density of the piece of metal, we must divide the mass by the volume of the metal. To find the metal's volume, we subtract the initial volume from the total volume.
Volume of metal = Final Volume - Initial Volume
Volume of metal = 9.90 - 6.45
Volume of metal = 3.45 cm³
Now, we can implement the metal's volume into the division process to find the density:
Density = 30.4571 ÷ 3.45
Density = 8.824 g/cm³
Hence, the density of the piece of metal is 8.824 g/cm³.
We know that helium (He) will act more like neon (Ne) than beryllium (Be) Why is helium different than other elements with two valence electrons?
Answers
"Helium is different than other elements with two valence electrons, such as beryllium, because it has a full outer shell of electrons. Helium's electron configuration is 1s², which means its first energy level (or shell) is completely filled with two electrons. This makes helium extremely stable and unreactive with other elements, unlike beryllium, which has two valence electrons in an incomplete outer shell and is more reactive.
In contrast, neon (Ne) also has a full outer shell of electrons, but it has a larger number of electrons in total than helium. Neon's electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶, meaning its second energy level is also filled, providing additional stability. Therefore, helium is more similar to neon in terms of its electron configuration and chemical behavior than it is to beryllium, which has a partially-filled outer shell and is more reactive." (ChatGPT, 2023)
For all the reactions, identify the reaction type and name the products formed.
1) Draw (Name) 5 structural isomers of pentene
2) Provide the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propan-2-ol
3) 2 moles of Fluorine gas react with 2-methylpropane (provide at least two structural isomers)
4) 4-methylpent-1-ene reacts with hydrogen bromide (identify major and minor products if necessary)
5) Reaction of 2-methylpropan-1-ol with acidified potassium permanganate
6) Reaction of butan-2-ol with acidified potassium permanganate
7) Reaction of pentan-3-one with NaAlB4
8) Reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid.
9) Name the reactants needed to prepare propyl ethanoate. Write an equation to show the reaction
10) Provide the equation for the hydrolysis of propyl propanoate.
11) Provide the equation for the hydrolysis N, N-dimethyl propanamide
12) How would you prepare ethoxyethane from ethene? Provide equations/reactions
13) How would you prepare propanoic acid from prop-1-ene? Provide equations/reactions
14) Place the following organic molecules in order of increasing boiling points: butane, butan-2-one, butanoic acid, and butan-2-ol. Justify your answer.
50 POINTS PLEASE BE ACCURATE AND CORRECT
Answers
a) 1-pentene
b) 2-pentene
c) 3-methyl-1-butene
d) 2-methyl-1-butene
e) 2-methyl-2-butene
2. Balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propan-2-ol:
C3H8O + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
3. Two possible structural isomers of 2-methylpropane:
a) 2-methylbutane
b) 2,2-dimethylpropane
The reaction equation between 2 moles of Fluorine gas and 2-methylpropane is:
C4H10 + 10F2 → 4CF4 + 10HF
4. The reaction between 4-methylpent-1-ene and hydrogen bromide gives two major products:
2-bromo-4-methylpentane and 3-bromo-4-methylpentane.
5. Reaction of 2-methylpropan-1-ol with acidified potassium permanganate will produce 2-methylpropanal.
6. Reaction of butan-2-ol with acidified potassium permanganate will produce butan-2-one.
7. Reaction of pentan-3-one with NaAlH4 will produce pentan-3-ol.
8. The reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid will produce ethyl ethanoate and water. The reaction is an esterification reaction.
9. Reactants needed to prepare propyl ethanoate are propanol and ethanoic acid. The reaction equation is:
C3H7OH + CH3COOH → C5H10O2 + H2O
10. The hydrolysis of propyl propanoate will produce propanoic acid and propanol. The reaction equation is:
C3H5C2H5O2 + H2O → C3H5COOH + C2H5OH
11. The hydrolysis of N, N-dimethyl propanamide will produce propanoic acid and dimethylamine. The reaction equation is:
(CH3)2NC2H5O + H2O → CH3COOH + (CH3)2NH
12. Ethoxyethane can be prepared from ethene through the reaction of ethene with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid. The reaction equation is:
C2H4 + C2H5OH → C4H10O
13. Propanoic acid can be prepared from prop-1-ene through the reaction of prop-1-ene with potassium permanganate followed by hydrolysis. The reaction equations are:
C3H6 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2SO4 → 3CH3COOH + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 2H2O
CH3COOH + H2O → C2H5COOH
14. The increasing order of boiling points of the given organic molecules is:
butane < butan-2-ol < butan-2-one < butanoic acid.
The reason behind this order is that boiling point depends on the intermolecular forces between molecules, which are influenced by molecular weight and functional groups. Butane has only van der Waals forces, while butan-2-ol has hydrogen bonding in addition to van der Waals forces. Butan-2-one has a polar carbonyl group, which increases the dipole-dipole interactions. Butanoic
The difference in electronegativity between C and F is
Answers
The electronegativity difference between C (carbon) and F (fluorine) is approximately 1.5.
What is electronegativity?Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself when it is part of a chemical bond. Fluorine is the most electronegative element on the periodic table, with an electronegativity value of 4.0, while carbon has an electronegativity value of 2.5.
The electronegativity difference between two atoms in a bond determines the polarity of the bond and the distribution of electrons within the molecule. In the case of C and F, the bond is polar covalent, with the electron density being pulled more towards the fluorine atom due to its higher electronegativity.
Learn more about electronegativity:https://brainly.com/question/17762711
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