Photosynthesis and cellularrespiration

The ovule's protective coating is present or absent. The existence or absence of a protective covering around the ovule is the key distinction between angiosperms and gymnosperms.

In angiosperms, the female gametophyte is found in the ovule, a contained structure inside the ovary; in gymnosperms, the female gametophyte is found on the female cone's exposed bracts. Gymnosperms do not have double fertilisation, which is a crucial stage in the life cycle of angiosperms.

Gymnosperms are referred to as non-flowering plants, whereas angiosperms are referred to as blooming plants. Gymnosperms lack flowers or fruits in favour of having bare seeds on the surface of leaves, whereas angiosperms have seeds encased in an ovary (a fruit).

Gymnosperms and angiosperms vary primarily in how their seeds are produced. Angiosperm seeds form in the ovaries of flowers and are encased in a fruit for protection.

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The nervous system interacts with other systems of the body as follows:

The nervous system is the system that controls the activities of all other systems of the body.

The nervous system consists of two parts;

Impulse from outside or within the body is first sent to the central nervous system which interprets and sends out messages to the other body system to respond.

The central nervous system integrates ad coordinates the activities of the other body systems such as the respiratory system, the digestive system, the musculoskeletal system, the excretory system, etc.

Signals are sent to these systems from the central nervous system resulting in the action of these systems, for example, rapid breathing, bowel movement, etc.

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The main difference between anaphase 1 and 2 is that homologous chromosomes are segregated during anaphase 1, while sister chromatids are separated during anaphase 2.

Phase of mitosis that occurs between prophase and anaphase, with a shorter duration than prophase. Chromosomes reach maximum shortening during metaphase. The mitotic spindle is formed, with some fibers that go from pole to pole and others that are attached to the chromosomes by the centromeres.

Anaphase is the phase in which the sister chromatids of the duplicated chromosomes are pulled apart, pulled through the shortening of the microtubules that are attached to the kinetochores, and the degradation of the tubulin molecules that hold the sister chromatids together.

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The translation of the triangle ABC is given with a movement of 8 units to the left and 5 units up.

The translation of a figure is a term that refers to the action of moving a figure in the Cartesian plane. This movement allows the figure to maintain its original dimensions but its points have other coordinates in the Cartesian plane. In this case, figure ABC has the following coordinates:

After the translation, the figure A'B'C' is formed with the following coordinates:

To identify the units and the direction in which the figure moved, we can take any of the points that make up the figure as a reference. For example point A, from there we count how many units to the right or left the A' is located. Later, we do the same but on the other axis, that is, how many units did it move up or down. According to the above, the figure's movement was 8 units to the left and 5 units up.

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Answer:

Carbon Cycle

Explanation:

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are connected through an important relationship. This relationship enables life to survive as we know it.

Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O2

While photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, cellular respiration requires oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. It is the released oxygen that is used by us and most other organisms for cellular respiration. We breathe in that oxygen, which is carried through our blood to all our cells. In our cells, oxygen allows cellular respiration to proceed. Cellular respiration works best in the presence of oxygen. Without oxygen, much less ATP would be produced.

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are important parts of the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle is the pathways through which carbon is recycled in the biosphere.

Answer: I hope this helps. Let know if this right or wrong. Have a good day

Explanation:

When radioactive atoms decay, they release energy in the form of ionizing radiation (alpha particles, beta particles and/or gamma rays). The energy is called ionizing radiation because it has enough energy to knock tightly bound electrons from an atom's orbit. This causes the atom to become a charged ion.During radioactive decay, an unstable nucleus emits subatomic particles to attain stability. It may undergo transmutation to change to some other nucleus or may achieve a stable state by giving off energy in the form of photons. Radioactive decaya radioactive process in which a nucleus undergoes spontaneous transformation into one or more different nuclei and simultaneously emits radiation, loses electrons, or undergoes fission.

Tissue :

Tissues are groups of similar cells from the same origin that work together to perform a specific function. Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue are the four basic tissue types defined by their morphology and function. Muscle tissue is composed of cells that can contract and allow animals to move.

                                        Tissue ------------>  Cardiac Muscle

Organ System :

An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. In the human body, there are eleven distinct organ systems, each with its own set of functions. The blood circulatory system is a group of organs that include the heart, blood vessels, and blood that circulates throughout a human's or other vertebrate's entire body.

                                         Organ System ------------>  Circulatory System

Organ :

An organ is a structure composed of various tissues that carry out specific bodily functions. Organs can be solid or hollow, and their size and complexity vary greatly. Organs include things like the heart, lungs, and brain.

                                            Organ  ------------>  Heart

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It would be challenging to duplicate the precise circumstances of the chemical release elsewhere.

Sea otters decrease heat loss by floating on their backs with their feet out of the water when the water is too chilly. The sea otter extends its feet out underwater to increase its surface area while it is seeking to shed heat. Sea otters frequently extend their feet out or tuck them up to conserve body heat.

River otters take oxygen from the air, just like other animals do. In the event that they are submerged, they surface to breathe. In the winter, when the water is frozen into ice, they create holes so they may rise to the surface to breathe.

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Organic food prices include environmental enhancement and protection, as well as food production costs (and avoidance of future expenses to mitigate pollution). Therefore, they are expensive.

A kind of farming that relies on biologically based methods for the management of pests, biological fertilizers made primarily from the byproducts of animals and plants, and cover crops that are able to fix nitrogen is organic farming.

Organic farming reduces the chance of polluting the environment and helps cut down on greenhouse gas emissions by limiting the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides made from fossil fuels.Organic farming is resource-efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable, helping preserve species diversity and biodiversity.

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The following characteristics which are associated with rem sleep include the following below:

This is referred to as rapid eye movement sleep and it occur about an hour after an individual or animal falls asleep and is accompanied by an increase in breathing and heart rate.

This type of sleep is characterized by an increase in brain activity which results in the occurrence of dream. This type of sleep also involves a low muscle tone which is responsible for what causes the muscle paralysis which is experienced in this phase.

It occurs when the person isn't yet in deep sleep and leads to the increase in growth hormones in the body and the presence of delta waves which makes them the correct choices.

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The purpose of transcription is to create an RNA copy of the DNA sequence.

The act of copying information from a strand of DNA into a fresh messenger RNA molecule is called transcription (mRNA). DNA preserves genetic material as a reference or template safely and permanently in the cell nuclei. The same information as DNA is carried by mRNA, which can readily leave the nucleus and is not employed for long-term storage, making it similar to a copy from a reference book. Because its sequence is complementary to the DNA template, the mRNA is not an exact replica of the DNA segment even though it includes the same information.

Which enzymes are used in transcription?

An enzyme called RNA polymerase and several auxiliary proteins known as transcription factors carry out transcription. Enhancer and promoter sequences are two types of DNA sequences that transcription factors can bind to in order to direct RNA polymerase to the proper transcription site.

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Snow. Snow forms when ice crystals reach the earth’s surface without passing through a liquid phase.

Snow is a type of precipitation that occurs when water vapor in the atmosphere freezes into ice crystals. The shape and size of the snowflakes depend on the temperature and humidity of the air.

Snow can fall as light flakes, heavy flakes, or pellets. Snow can accumulate on the ground and form snowpacks, drifts, or avalanches. Snow can also melt and refreeze into ice or slush.

Some examples of snow-related topics are:

Snowflakes: the individual ice crystals that form snow. Snowflakes have a hexagonal symmetry and a variety of patterns. No two snowflakes are exactly alike.

Snowstorms: weather events that produce a large amount of snow in a short period of time. Snowstorms can cause low visibility, strong winds, and cold temperatures. Snowstorms can also create hazards such as power outages, traffic accidents, and frostbite. Some types of snowstorms are blizzards, nor'easters, and lake-effect snow.

Beta-carotene is the only one of the three carotenoids that can be converted to retinol in the body that is sufficiently absorbed and converted.

Provitamin A carotenoids such as alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin can be converted by the body to retinol. Nonprovitamin A carotenoids include lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene because they cannot be converted to retinol.

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According to the description and the principle or law of superposition, we can expect that trilobites are found in layer E, corals in layer D, amphibians in layer C, dinosaurs in layer B and birds in layer A.

The principle or law of superposition is a widely accepted law in geology and paleontology that states the youngest fossils and rocks are found in the upper layers of a stratum, while the older fossils or rocks are located at the bottom.

In this case, we can suppose the order of the fossils because we have info about the evolution of each taxonomic group.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that according to the principle or law of superposition birds are located in the upper while trilobites are expected to be found at the bottom.

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Answer: remove CO2

Explanation:

plants take in CO2 and then convert that into oxygen which they release, so basically they convert CO2 into oxygen, not the other way around. hope this helps :)

Answer:

they add it back into the atmosphere

Explanation:

plants store back the co2 removed from the atmosphere

ln case the question regarding the spread plate method.

The spread plate technique is a laboratory technique that can be used to isolate and count the total number of microorganisms in a mixed culture. and distributing it evenly. In case when the bacteria are not spread evenly around the plate and some parts do not have growth as they have not been inoculated with test bacteria, this will affect the quantification of bacterial species in a solution and may result in uneven growth on a plate and ultimately infers false results.

What is bacteria?

Bacteria are common, largely free-living organisms that frequently only have one biological cell. They make up a significant portion of the prokaryotic microbial kingdom. Bacteria, which are typically a few micrometers in length and were among the first life forms to emerge on Earth, are found in the majority of its habitats.

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Answer:

Mitochondria :)

Explanation:

A. CO₂

B. O₂

The formation of glucose is the primary objective of the above reaction.

6CO₂ + 6H₂O→C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂; Photosynthesis' Reaction

Photosynthesis is responsible for the formation of food in green plants. It is an endothermic reaction, absorbing the sunlight. Chlorophyll is the main light-trapping element.

Oxygen is produced along with glucose during the reaction. Photosynthetic product is produced in the form of 'glucose', transported in the form of 'sucrose', and stored in the form of 'starch'.

It is one of the prominent methods of carbon-binding in organic matter. Around 4 x 10¹³ Kg of carbon is fixed annually through photosynthesis. Storage of carbon in organic matter is the best solution for excessive carbon emissions.

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Answer:

not enough info

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

The following formula is a common strategy to calculate a percentage:

1- Determine the total amount of what you want to find a percentage.

2- Divide the number to determine the percentage.

3- Multiply the value by 100.

The likelihood that a child of the couple described above will have at least one of the three diseases is of chromosomes 2 and 18.

A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with components or all the genetic cloth of an organism. most eukaryotic chromosomes consist of packaging proteins referred to as histones which, aided by means of chaperone proteins, bind to and condense the DNA molecule to keep its integrity.

Chromosomes are systems observed in the center (nucleus) of cells that deliver long pieces of DNA. DNA is the fabric that holds genes. it is the constructing block of the human body. Chromosomes also comprise proteins that help DNA exist within the proper shape.

Chromosomes are the very best stage of the corporation of DNA and proteins. the main function of chromosomes is to carry the DNA and switch the genetic statistics from mother and father to offspring. Chromosomes play an essential position during cell division. They guard the DNA against getting tangled and broken.

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Answer:

Prokaryotes are always unicellular, while eukaryotes are often multi-celled organisms

eukaryotic cells are more than 100 to 10,000 times larger than prokaryotic cells

eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells

The DNA in eukaryotes is stored within the nucleus, while DNA is stored in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes

A Prokaryotic cell is surrounded by a single membrane layer but In the case of Eukaryotic, there are two surroundings 1. Plasma membrane 2. Nuclear membrane.

Explanation:

Photosynthesis takes place in two stages. One of them involes light absortion and occurs in thylakoid membranes. The other one occurs in the stroma and does not depend on light.

Photosynthesis is the process through which plants take solar energy to produce organic compounds. It involves two alternating stages: light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

In the exposed example, we need to label where each step of photosynthesis occurs.

Light dependent reactions: thylakoids' membrane.

Light independent reactions: Stroma

You will find the image in the attached files.

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Complete question

Practice: Photosynthesis Visual Summary

Label the two parts of the chloroplast.

Label where each step of photosynthesis occurs. Use arrows to show what goes into each part (reactants) and what comes out (products).

Integral membrane proteins are embedded in the bilayer cell membrane that surrounds the cell and organelles playing critical roles in the movement of molecules across them and helping in the transduction of energy and signals.

They can either penetrate the cell membrane (transmembrane) or associate with one or the other side of the membrane (Integral mono trophic). Peripheral proteins are transiently associated with the cell membrane.

Integral membrane protein that does not span the membrane also has a hydrophobic helical domain that anchors them in the membrane while their hydrophilic domain typically interacts with the intra and extracellular molecules.

For example; hold cells in place, and give cells and tissue their structure.

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Answer:

I think its A and B

Explanation:

Based on the diagram above which shows a model of the water cycle, letter X represents: A. the water table.

A water cycle is also referred to as hydrologic cycle and it can be defined as a biogeochemical process that is used to describe the continuous movement of water on land, in the atmosphere, and below the surface of planet Earth.

In Science, a water table is also referred to groundwater table and it simply describes the topmost portion of the underground zone on planet Earth that is usually saturated with water.

Based on scientific research and experiments, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that the water table is represented by letter x in this diagram which shows a model of the water cycle

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Complete Question:

The diagram below shows a model of the water cycle. Letters A through F represent some processes of the water cycle. Letter X indicates the top of the underground zone that is saturated with water.

What does letter X represent?

answer choices

the water table

a flood plain

sea level

impermeable rock

          Generally speaking, grasslands are lands where the predominant plant cover is grasses. In general, savannas are grasslands with sporadic trees. Grasslands and savannas make up around 5% of the surface of the Earth.

Adaptations that defend against grazing would not be advantageous for plants in grasslands. FALSE.

Vegetable Adaptations

            Most savanna tree adaptations are to dryness, including long tap roots to reach deep water tables, strong bark to resist annual fires (thus the prevalence of palms in many locations), deciduousness to prevent moisture loss during the dry season, and use of the trunk as a water-storage organ (as in baobab).

          But there are also naturally occurring trees in non-forested places like grasslands and savannas. The trees can be found in dense lots or in random places. This implies that many of these places will have more than 10% tree cover and seem to be degraded forests when seen from above.

         In grasslands, the predominant plant species are grasses; however, sedge and rush families can also be present, along with varying amounts of various herbs and legumes like clover. Except for Antarctica, all continents have natural grasslands. The majority of Earth's ecoregions contain grasslands.

       The grassland ecology benefits from the natural occurrence of fire since it keeps it strong and healthy. It increases the soil's temperature and lessens the annual buildup of leaf litter, allowing sunshine to enter.

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The eukaryotic organelles are surrounded in lipid bilayer membranes = True

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes protein made of amino acid= false

Just like prokaryotes, the DNA in eukaryotes can be found in the cytoplasm's nucleiod region = True.

The rough Endoplasmic reticulum looks rough because it has ribosomes embedded through its bilayer. = True.

Eukaryotic cells are the only kind of cell that has a nucleus. = True.

A cell is defined as the structural and functional unit of an organism that are made up of organelles such are the following:

These organelles listed above are surrounded by lipid bilayers membrane similar to the cell membrane that houses the whole cell.

There are basically two types of cells namely:

Therefore, the ribosome and not the smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes protein made of amino acid.

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In the cell cycle, tumor suppressor gene will repair DNA in G2 phase.

G2 (Gap 1 phase) is the transition phase between  S phase and M phase, in G2 phase cell prepare itself from mitosis.

When DNA is damaged, signaling pathways are initiated that causes cell cycle arrest in G2 phase.

p53, which is frequently disabled in a wide range of human cancers, including brain tumors, leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, and carcinomas of numerous tissues, including the breast, colon, and lung. The most common target of genetic alterations in human malignancies is p53, which may be involved in up to 50% of all cancers. It is also intriguing that a rare hereditary cancer syndrome, in which affected individuals develop any one of a number of different kinds of cancer, is transmitted genetically through p53 mutations. Similar to Rb, the oncogene proteins of SV40, adenoviruses, and human papillomaviruses also target the p53 protein.

the product of the p53 gene controls both apoptosis and the progression of the cell cycle. DNA damage prompts the rapid induction of p53, which triggers transcription of the Cdk inhibitor p21.As a general inhibitor of Cdk/cyclin complexes and by binding to PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), the inhibitor p21 prevents the progression of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is likely stopped as a result, giving damaged DNA time to be fixed before it reproduces. This damage-induced cell cycle arrest is prevented by the loss of p53, which results in an increase in the frequency of mutations and general genome instability. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may also be altered as a result of this genetic instability, which is a characteristic of cancer cells.

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