It has been observed that patients with bilateral amygdala damage generally do not exhibit signs of fear to normally fear-provoking stimuli. However, it has been demonstrated that there are other fear circuits because these individuals show fear when confronted with life-threatening stimuli.
What is the amygdala?
The amygdala is a portion of the brain's limbic system that plays a key role in processing emotions such as fear, anger, and pleasure, as well as controlling survival instincts such as the fight or flight response.
The amygdala is responsible for detecting and responding to stimuli that are critical for survival.
What is the function of the amygdala?
The amygdala's primary role is to process memory, decision-making, and emotional responses, particularly fear. It plays a key role in fear-related responses, including fear conditioning, fear memory consolidation, and fear-related behavior modification.
What happens when both amygdalae are damaged?
Bilateral damage to the amygdalae causes a variety of deficits in social, psychological, and physiological functioning.
However, patients with bilateral amygdala damage often show no fear to normally fear-provoking stimuli. They are also unable to detect fear in the faces of others and have a more general impairment in recognizing the emotional state of others.
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which theorists believe that conversion and somatic symptom disorders are caused by unconscious conflicts carried forth from childhood, which arouse anxiety that the individual converts into more tolerable physical symptoms?
Option D is correct.
Freud, Janet, and Breuer are among the theorists who believe that conversion and somatic symptom disorders are caused by unconscious conflicts carried forth from childhood, which arouse anxiety that the individual converts into more tolerable physical symptoms.
What is a somatic symptom?
A somatic symptom refers to physical symptoms that are difficult to diagnose or describe. Somatoform disorders are those in which an individual has physical symptoms, but a medical examination does not uncover any physical problem with the patient.
In such cases, the psychological aspect of the problem is usually highlighted.
Individuals with somatic symptom disorders are most likely to develop these physical symptoms due to anxiety or depression. They may have little or no awareness of the underlying psychological conflict.
As a result, somatic symptoms may be their only method of dealing with inner turmoil. According to Freud, the roots of somatic symptom disorders lie in the child's past. These conflicts are then converted into physical symptoms to avoid the anxiety caused by the conflict.
Why is the correct answer correct?
According to the information provided in the question, it is quite clear that Freud, Janet, and Breuer are among the theorists who believe that conversion and somatic symptom disorders are caused by unconscious conflicts carried forth from childhood, which arouse anxiety that the individual converts into more tolerable physical symptoms.
Thus, option D is correct.
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Above is a graphical representation of the metabolic rates of ten baby alligators after being briefly being placed in tanks at five different temperatures. Given the information you have, which of the following statements is most likely true regarding this alligator species.a) These alligators are not behavioral thermoregulatorsb) The metabolic rate of a warmer acclimated alligator would level off at a lower temperature than these alligators.c) The oxygen demand of these alligators is higher at 25 °C than at 15 °C.d) Their upper thermal limit is 20°Ce) These alligators are endotherms
The correct answer is c) The oxygen demand of these alligators is higher at 25 °C than at 15 °C. From the graphical representation, we can see that the metabolic rate of the alligators increases as the temperature increases from 15 °C to 25 °C. This indicates that the alligators have a higher oxygen demand at higher temperatures, as oxygen is necessary for metabolic processes.
The other options are incorrect because:
a) The graph does not provide information about the alligators' thermoregulation behavior.
b) The graph does not show the metabolic rate of a warmer acclimated alligator.
d) The graph does not indicate an upper thermal limit for the alligators.
e) The graph does not provide information about whether the alligators are endotherms or ectotherms.
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