The initial voltage of the electrochemical cell would be less than the voltage under standard conditions.
An electrochemical cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy, or vice versa, through a redox reaction. The voltage of an electrochemical cell can be determined by measuring the potential difference between the two half-cells that make up the cell. The voltage of an electrochemical cell is determined by the half-cell potentials and the concentration of the ions in the solutions. The half-cell potential of a metal is the potential of a metal electrode in a solution of its ions at standard conditions, which is defined as a concentration of 1 M and a temperature of 25°C. In the case of zinc, the half-cell potential is -0.76 V, and for copper, the half-cell potential is +0.34 V. In the given cell, one half-cell is made of a strip of pure zinc in 500 milliliters of 0.10 M ZnCl2 solution, and the other half-cell is made of a strip of pure copper in 500 milliliters of 0.010 M Cu(NO3)2 solution. The concentration of the ions in the solutions is not at the standard concentration of 1 M, which means that the voltage of the cell will be different from the standard voltage. A deviation from the standard concentration results in a deviation from the standard potential, with a lower concentration leading to a lower potential. Therefore, the initial voltage of the electrochemical cell would be less than the voltage under standard conditions because the concentrations of the ions in the solutions are not at the standard concentration of 1 M.
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I need a description of the rocks.
Table D. Absolute Age of Rock Layers
Basalt is 65.5 million years ago to the present. Limestone with fossil was about 500 million years ago. Sandstone with trilobite is between 525 and 505 million years old.
What is Absolute Age of rocks?A quantifiable measurement of how old something is or how long ago it occurred, expressed typically in terms of years, is called an absolute age in geology.
Radiometric techniques are used the most often in geology to determine absolute ages.
Basalt was formed 65.5 million years ago. Fossilized limestone dates back to roughly 500 million years. Trilobites are found in sandstone that is between 525 and 505 million years old.
In the Carboniferous epoch, about 340 million years ago, the earliest amniotes diverged from their amphibian predecessors. Soon after the first amniotes emerged, they split into two major lines.
Thus, these are the probable ages of the given rocks.
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the uranium- 238nuclide radioactively decays by alpha emission. write a balanced nuclear chemical equation that describes this process.
238 92 U => l234 90 Th + 4 2 He represents the accurate nuclear chemical equation for this operation. As a result, uranium-238 decays by emitting -particles, which results in the production of thorium-234.
According to the following chemical equation: 238 92 U => l234 90 Th + 4 2 He The subscript sums (atomic numbers or charges) on both sides of the equation must be same, as this is crucial information. A -particle contains the nucleus of helium. Having two protons and two neutrons gives it a mass of four. As an atomic nucleus decays, an alpha particle is released. It transforms (or decays) into an atom that has an atomic number of 2 fewer and a mass number of 4 less.
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Suppose you are given a Stock Solution of 15.406 M hydrochloric acid. What volume of water must you add have ready to add your acid to (in mL) to prepare a solution with a hydrochloric acid molar concentration of 3.361 M and a volume of 372.510 mL? NOTE: When typing your answer below, round your answer to 3 decimal places. Show you work for part marks. Do not forget to upload your steps. Keep units according to the givens in the question.
M1V1 = M2V2
where M1 and V1 are the molar concentration and volume of the stock solution, and M2 and V2 are the molar concentration and volume of the final solution. We can use this formula to find the volume of water that we need to add to the stock solution to prepare the final solution.
Plugging in the given values, we have:
15.406 M x V1 = 3.361 M x 372.510 mL
To solve for V1, we can divide both sides of the equation by 15.406 M:
V1 = 3.361 M x 372.510 mL / 15.406 M
V1 = 24.227 mL
Therefore, we need to add 24.227 mL of water to the stock solution of 15.406 M hydrochloric acid to prepare a solution with a hydrochloric acid molar concentration of 3.361 M and a volume of 372.510 mL.
Scientists study how radioactive isotopes in rocks, such as Carbon-14, decay to
tell the age of the rock.
Explain how knowing the half-life of Carbon 14 can tell scientists the absolute
age of a rock sample.
By counting how many 1/2 lifts it has experienced, we or Scientists may determine its exact age. For each 12 lives in the case of carbon, it takes 5730 years.
What is the radioactive isotope?Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope that is commonly used to determine the age of organic materials, such as wood, bones, and shells. It is formed in the upper atmosphere when cosmic rays interact with nitrogen atoms, and it is incorporated into living organisms through photosynthesis or ingestion. Once an organism dies, it stops taking in Carbon-14, and the isotope begins to decay at a steady rate.
The half-life of Carbon-14 is the amount of time it takes for half of the original amount of the isotope to decay. For Carbon-14, the half-life is about 5,730 years. This means that after 5,730 years, half of the Carbon-14 atoms in a sample will have decayed into Nitrogen-14.
So, Scientists can use the half-life of Carbon-14 to determine the absolute age of a rock sample by measuring the ratio of Carbon-14 to Carbon-12 in the sample. By comparing this ratio to the known decay rate of Carbon-14, scientists can calculate the amount of time that has passed since the organism died, and therefore the age of the rock sample.
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chemical containers must be sealed when they are stored after the experiment ends and they will be used at a later time/date. group of answer choices true false
Chemical containers must be sealed properly when they are stored after the experiments ends so that the chemicals do not react with atmospheric gases.
It is advisable to use laboratory grade refrigerators and freezers to store sealed chemical containers containing flammable liquids that requires a cool storage.
Chemicals that are hazardous must be stored below eye level and should not be kept on the floor or window edges.
Chemicals must be stored in containers that are made up of materials that do not react with the composition of the chemical stored in that particular container. Strong acids and bases should be stored separately.
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The ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in a molecule is 2 to 4 to 1
What is the molecular formula of this substance if its molar mass is 88 grams.
Answer:
C4H8O2
Explanation:
The empirical formula is C2H4O1 [C/H/O is 2/4/1]
As written, the molar mass is (2*12) = 24, plus (4*1) = 4, plus (1*16) = 16, for a total of 44 grams/mole. Two units of C2H4O1 would be 88 grams/mole, which is what is needed.
The molecular formula is C4H8O2.
Answer:
[tex]C_{4} H_{8} O_{2}[/tex]
Explanation:
Setting up ratio:
Carbon : Hydrogen : Oxygen
2 : 4 : 1
As there are two carbon atoms, four hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom,
therefore the formula becomes: [tex]C_{2} H_{4} O[/tex]
The Mr would be: (12 x 2) + 4 + 16
= 44 g/mol
Molecular formula:
[tex](C_{2} H_{4} O)_{n}[/tex]
n = 88/44
n = 2
Thus:
[tex](C_{2} H_{4} O)_{2}[/tex]
= [tex]C_{4} H_{8} O_{2}[/tex]
10. Suppose you have a sample of potassium. Describe several ways you could use
periodic trends and a
knowledge of valence electrons to predict the element's
reactivity and how the element will behave in a chemical bond.
Periodic patterns and knowledge of valence electrons can be used to forecast an element's reactivity and behavior in a chemical bond in a variety of ways: Electronegativity.
An element's electronegativity reflects its capacity to attract electrons in a bond. High electronegativities elements, such as fluorine, are more reactive and form stronger bonds than low electronegativities elements, such as sodium. Ionization Energy: One element's ionization energy defines the amount of energy necessary to remove an electron from the element. High ionization energies elements, such as calcium, are less reactive and less prone to form covalent connections. Valence electrons: An element's reactivity is determined by the number of valence electrons it has. Elements with a small number of valence electrons.
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what physical property below would have made a mineral appropriate for use as an old-time window covering before glass was widely available?
being able to be divided into big, thin layers FEEDBACK: A mineral must be divided into numerous, thick layers in order to be utilized as a window pane. supple, fragile layers
What constitutes a mineral?A mineral is an organic element or compound that occurs in nature and has a recognizable chemical composition, crystalline size, and physical characteristics. Silica, feldspar, mica, albite, olivine, and calcite are examples of common minerals.
A mineral is it a rock?A mineral is just a substance that occurs naturally having unique atomic structures, compositions, and chemical and physical properties. Rocks are often composed of two or even more minerals that have been mixed by geological processes.
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Given that AG for the reaction below is -957.9 kJ, what is AG, of H₂O?
AGI,NH3-16.66 kJ/mol
AGINO 86.71 kJ/mol
= =
O-228.6 kJ/mol
O-206.4 kJ/mol
O 46.7 kJ/mol
O 90.7 kJ/mol
4NH3(g) +50₂(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H₂O(g)
The free energy of the water is obtained as 90.7 kJ/mol. Option D
What is the Hess law?We have to note that the Hess law of the constant heat summation is the law that we can be able to use in this case so as to be able to obtain the standard free energy of the formation of the water.
We have to keep in mind that the standard free energy of the reaction can be obtained by;
Standard free energy of reaction = Standard free energy of product - Standard free energy of the reactants
Thus;
Let the standard free energy of water be X
-957.9 = [4( 86.71 ) + 6X] - [4(-16.66) + 5(0)]
957.9 = (346.84 + 6X) - (-66.64)
957.9 = 280.2 + 6X
X = 90.7 kJ/mol
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If 85.0 grams of Ca(OH)2 are used in this reaction, how many grams of water would be produced?
41.35 g
38.2 g
12.86 g
42.5 g
If 85.0 grams of Ca(OH)₂ are used in the reaction, the mass in grams of water would be produced is 20.67 g.
The correct option is not given.
How many grams of water would be produced?The mass of water produced is determined as follows:
Equation of reaction:
Ca(OH)₂ ---> CaO + H₂O
The mole ratio of the reaction shows that 1 mole of Ca(OH)₂ decomposes to yield 1 mole of CaO and 1 mole of H₂O.
Molar mass of Ca(OH)₂ = 74 g
Molar mass of H₂O = 18 g
74 g of Ca(OH)₂ decomposes to produce 18 g H₂O.
The mass of water produced from 85.0 grams of Ca(OH)₂ = 85 * 18/74
The mass of water produced from 85.0 grams of Ca(OH)₂ = 20.67 g
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consider the following gas-liquid equilibrium for an aqueous system at a constant partial pressure of n2. n2(g) n2(aq) what is the effect on the equilibrium composition of the liquid when the temperature of the liquid is increased?
On increasing the temperature, the equilibrium will shift towards the left as when we increase the temperature, the solubility of gases in the liquid decreases.
The solubility of gases depends on the temperature. When we increase the temperature of a liquid, the solubility of gases decreases. This happens because the kinetic energy of the molecules increase and the gas escapes the liquid.
N₂ (gas) ⇄ N₂ (aq)
According to the above equation, the nitrogen gas is in equilibrium with the liquid nitrogen. The equilibrium will shift to the left as the solubility will decrease and N₂ will escape from the liquid on increasing then temperature.
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what are the two common misconceptions about cellular respiration?
PLS USE YOUR OWN WORDS
Many pupils believe in error that plants solely engage in photosynthesis whereas only mammals engage in cellular respiration. They don't know that plants also undergo cellular respiration to generate ATP for cellular functioning.
What does breathing entail, exactly?Our lungs and respiratory system are necessary for breathing. They exhale carbon dioxide and inhale oxygen, which is referred to as inhalation, into our bodies (called expiration, or exhalation). The exchange between oxygen or dioxide occurs throughout breathing.
What does breathing properly entail?When assessing someone's respiration, it's critical to consider their breathing difficulties. When at rest, an adult in good health breaths 12 to 16 times each minute.
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The vapor pressure of water at 45. 0 °C is 71. 93 torr. Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution of 1. 48 m Al(NO3)3 at this temperature (assume 100% dissociation)
The vapor pressure of the solution of 1.48 m Al(NO₃)₃ at 45.0 °C is 71.93 torr.
This can be calculated using Raoult's law. The law states that the vapor pressure of a solution is inversely proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent (not the solute).
The following formula can be used to get the vapor pressure of a solution of 1.48 m Al(NO₃)₃ at 45.0 °C:
P = P° × Xsolvent
where P is the vapor pressure of the solution, Xsolvent is the solvent's molecular weight, and P° is the solvent's pure vapor pressure.
The solvent's mole fraction is equal to 1 because it is presumed that the solute has entirely broken down. In this instance, the solution's vapor pressure is the same as the pure solvent's, which is 71.93 torr at 45.0 °C.
Hence, the vapor pressure of the solution of 1.48 m Al(NO₃)₃ at 45.0 °C is 71.93 torr.
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for a gas at a fixed pressure and temperature, what will happen to the volume of the gas when the number of moles of gas is doubled?
For a gas at a fixed pressure and temperature, when the number of moles of gas is doubled, the volume of the gas will also double.
At a fixed pressure and temperature, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas present. This relationship is described by the Ideal Gas Law, PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
If the number of moles of gas is doubled, the volume of the gas will also double. This is because the pressure and temperature are fixed, and according to the Ideal Gas Law, the only variable that affects the volume of the gas is the number of moles present. The volume of the gas will increase proportionally with the number of moles, so if the number of moles is doubled, the volume will also double. This is only valid for ideal gases; for real gases, this relationship is not strictly observed.
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an aqueous solution is 28.0% by mass silver nitrate, agno3, and has a density of 1.29 g/ml. the molarity of silver nitrate in the solution is
The molarity of silver nitrate (AgNo₃) in the solution is 0.127 M.
To calculate the molarity of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) in the solution, we first need to determine the number of moles of silver nitrate present. We can do this by using the mass percentage of silver nitrate, which tells us that 28.0% of silver nitrate is present in every 100 g of solution is:
(28.0/100)×100g = 28 grams
Next, we need to determine the number of moles of silver nitrate present by using the molar mass of AgNO₃, which is 169.87 g/mol:
28g / 169.87g/mol = 0.164 moles
Next, we use the density of the solution to determine the volume:
1.29g/ml = 1.29g/1ml = 1.29ml
We can then use the formula molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution to calculate the molarity of the silver nitrate in the solution:
molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution
molarity = 0.164 moles / 1.29ml
molarity = 0.127 M
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10.000 g of boron (b) combines with hydrogen to form 11.554 g of a pure compound. what is the empirical formula of this compound?
The empirical formula of the compound is B₃H₅
According to the law of conservation of mass, "matter in a closed system is neither created nor destroyed by physical transformations or chemical reactions but changes from one form to the other"
This implies that, sum of masses of the reactants = sum of masses of the product
Therefore, according to the question:
10g of Boron + x grams of Hydrogen = 11.55g of the product
∴ Mass of hydrogen = 11.55 - 10.00 = 1.55g
We know that,
Molar mass of Boron = 10.811g
Molar mass of Hydrogen = 1.00784g
Number of moles of Boron
= (mass of Boron)/(molar mass of Boron)
= 10/10.811
= 0.9249 mol
Number of moles of Hydrogen
= (mass of Hydrogen)/(molar mass of Hydrogen)
= 1.55/1.00784
=1.5379mols
Thus, 0.9249 mole of Boron will combine with 1.5379mole of Hydrogen
Now, by dividing both sides of the mole by 0.9249, we get
1 mole of Boron combines with 1.66266 mole of Hydrogen
converting 1.66266 in fractions is approximately 5/3
which implies, 1 mole of Boron combines with 5/3 moles of Hydrogen
Now, by multiplying both sides by 3 we get
3 moles of Boron will combine with 5 moles of Hydrogen
∴ Empirical formula of the compound is B₃H₅
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The unit of specific heat capacity is …
J/kg
J/oC
Joule
J/kg.oC
Answer:
J/kg.oC
Explanation:
The unit of specific heat capacity of a substance is J/kg*°C (joule per kilogram-degree)
Metal- Magnesium
Appearance of metal- ?
Reactant - cold water
Observation of reaction- ?
Cold water has a very modest interaction with very clean magnesium ribbon. Hydrogen bubbles start to appear on its surface after a while.
What happens when reactive metals react with cold water?Hydroxides are created when metals and cold water react. Oxides are produced when metals react with steam.Magnesium and oxygen interact to create light that is so intense that it temporarily renders you blind. Because so much heat is released during the reaction, magnesium burns so brightly. Magnesium provides two electrons to oxygen during this exothermic process, resulting in the formation of powdered magnesium oxide (MgO).When magnesium combines with water vapour, it can also produce hydrogen gas and magnesium hydroxide. Magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen are created when magnesium combines with hot water.what occurs if a heated piece of metal is dropped into room temperature water. The water will heat up while the metal cools over time. Both items' temperatures will eventually be equal.To learn more about bubbles refer to:
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A student in your class has decided to dissolve epsom salts in water and observe the crystals that are left behind after the water evaporates. They have selected this reaction for their culminating event project. What advice would you give this student. Is this an example of a chemical change and reaction? Use evidence and scientific reasoning to support your claim
The action of dissolving Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) in water and observing the crystals that are left behind after the water evaporates is a physical change, not a chemical change.
A chemical change is a process that leads to the formation of new substances, whereas a physical change is a process that alters the form of a substance without creating new substances. In this case, the Epsom salts are not forming new substances when it dissolves in water, it is simply change its state from a solid to a solution. And when the water evaporates, the Epsom salts will change back to their original solid form. Evidence to support this claim can be found in the fact that the chemical composition of the Epsom salts remains the same before and after the dissolution process. Magnesium sulfate has the same chemical formula (MgSO4) before and after being dissolved in water, and also before and after the water evaporates. The chemical composition is unchanged and the substance is still magnesium sulfate.
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Make a simple abstract design using shape tools and color palette on MS paint. Give it an interesting title using paint tool
To make an abstract design, use the MS Paint tool. To build the design, you may utilize form tools such as circles, squares, and triangles. You may also utilize the color pallet to add color to the shapes.
You may also use the paint brush to draw patterns or lines. You may use the text tool to add text to the design for the title. You may select a typeface and color that compliments the overall design. For example, you might call it "Chaotic Harmony" or "Colorful Illusion" to convey the abstract design. You may use the text tool to add text to the design for an intriguing title. You may select a typeface and color that compliments the overall design. a simple abstract design using shape tools and color palette on MS paint. Give it an interesting title using paint tool. You may use the text tool to add text to the design for an intriguing title. You may select a typeface and color that compliments the overall design.
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I NEED HELP ASAP
What is the frequency associated radiation of these wavelengths?
a) 8.0x10^-3 cm
b) 12.0 micrometers
c) 2.80x10^-10 m
d) 300 nm
Answer:
a
Explanation:
I don't know two jsjsjsjahajaja
when is the best time to clean glassware during the lab session?
Wash glassware in hot water or a glassware washer as soon as you're finished using it to avoid the formation of hard-to-remove residue. Corning recommends soaking glassware in water if it's impossible to wash it immediately after use
Any glass laboratory equipment is referred to as glassware. When you're through using a glass item, wipe it down to get rid of any cleaning agent.
Glass makes up a large portion of our scientific equipment, including measuring cylinders, conical flasks, and beakers. After use, these glasses need to be professionally cleaned.
Since they are frequently cleaned with a solvent, small particles of the cleaning agent stick to the glassware.
In order to avoid contaminating a sample placed in glassware, these cleaning solvent particles must be removed with a wipe.
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0.038 moles of o2 are collected after the reaction of 78.2 ml of a 4.6 m solution of h2o2. the density of the solution is 1.4 g/ml. what is the percent yield?
The percent yield of the reaction of H2O2 is found to be 21.16%
What varies the theoretical yield from the actual yield?The theoretical yield is the yield that is obtained using a balanced chemical reaction. What you actually obtain in a chemical reaction is the actual yield. The actual yield is evaluated with the theoretical yield to establish the percent yield.
2 H2O2 => 2H2O + O2
78.2 mL of 4.6 M solution of H2O2 :
=> 78.2/1000*4.8= 0.359 mole H2O2
2 moles H2O2 ---> 1 mole O2
=> 0.359 moles H2O2-----> x mole O2
x => 0.359/2= 0.1795mole O2
0.038 mole O2 was collected
Thus, percent yield = 0.038/0.1795*100=21.16%
What does "actual yield" mean?Actual Yield is the quantity of a product discovered to be created during a chemical process.
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the periodic trend for electronegativity is smiliar to what other trend
How are coniferous trees different from deciduous trees? (Select all that apply.) BRAINLY
Coniferous trees differ from deciduous trees in that they produce cones as a mechanism of reproduction and have waxy, needle-shaped leaves to retain water. B and D are the appropriate choices as a result.
Describe deciduous trees.The blossoms on deciduous trees are big.
They are all over the planet, including oaks, maples, and beech trees.
Deciduous refers to something that falls off, and these trees lose their leaves every fall.
Deciduous trees typically have large, flat leaves.
Coniferous trees: what are they?Coniferous trees have tiny, waxy leaves that are often thin (needles or flat scales) and designed to hold onto water.
A tree that produces cones is referred to as a conifer. The most prevalent conifers are spruces, pines, and firs.
Evergreens and softwoods are other names for coniferous trees.
Broad leaves on deciduous trees turn color in the fall, and they use flowers to spread their seeds.
Coniferous trees don't change color in the fall, have needles instead of leaves, and use cones to disseminate their seeds rather than flowers.
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Complete Question -
2. How are coniferous trees different from deciduous trees? (Select all that apply.)
Conifers grow berries as a means of reproducing.
Conifers grow cones as a means of reproducing.
Conifers drop their leaves in colder seasons to conserve water.
Conifers have waxy, needle-shaped leaves to retain water.
which bonds occur between two atoms in each of which the number of protons does not equal the number of electrons? select all that apply.
The bonds occur between two atoms in each of the which the number of the protons not equals to the number of electrons is the 1) ionic bond.
An atom which do not have the number of the protons is equals to the number of the electrons is called as the ion. The ion may be positive or negative charge.
The ionic bond is formed between the negatively charged atom and the positively charged atom. The compound formed between the atoms by the complete transfer of electrons called as the ionic compounds and the bond is called as the ionic bond.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is :
which bonds occur between two atoms in each of which the number of protons does not equal the number of electrons? select all that apply.
1) Ionic bond
2) covalent bond
3) coordinate bond
4) none of the above
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Acetaminophen is the active ingredient in Tylenol. Calculate the mass of carbon in 99.0 g of acetaminophen (CgH9NO₂) NOTE: Round your typed answer to include 2 decimal places.
Answer:
6.55 g
Explanation:
The atomic mass of Carbon (C) is 12.0107, of Hydrogen (H) is 1.008, of Nitrogen(N) is 14.0067, and of Oxygen(O) is 15.9994
Therefore the molar mass of acetaminophen = 12.0107 + 4 * 1.008 + 14.0067 + 2 * 15.9994 = 151.16
mass of C in 99.0 g of acetaminophen = (99.0 g / 151.16 g/mol) * 1 mol C/ 1mol acetaminophen
mass of C in 99.0 g of acetaminophen = 6.545 g
an atom has four electrons in its valence shell. what type(s) of covalent bonds is it capable of forming with oxygen?
An atom with four electrons in its valence shell is capable of forming double and triple covalent bonds with oxygen.
An atom with four valence electrons is typically carbon or silicon, they are both capable of forming covalent bonds with oxygen by sharing electrons. A single covalent bond is formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons. A double covalent bond is formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons, and a triple covalent bond is formed when two atoms share three pairs of electrons. In the case of carbon and silicon, they can share 4 electrons with an oxygen atom in order to fill their valence shell. This would result in the formation of a double covalent bond, CO2 or SiO2. Additionally, they can share 6 electrons with an oxygen atom, which would result in the formation of a triple covalent bond, CO3 or SiO3.
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If an atom has four electrons in its valence shell it can form one double bond or two single covalent bond with oxygen.
Covalent bond is a type of bond that is formed between non-metal atoms. Covalent bond is formed as a result of sharing electrons between non-metal atoms involved. This type of bond is formed when atoms involved contribute equal number of electrons to the bond formation. The atom with four outer most electrons may share its electrons with two oxygen atoms to form a compound with a double covalent bond. Valence shell is defined as an electron in the outer shell associated with an atom. This can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed. A shared pair forms with both atoms in the bond each contributing one valence electron in a single covalent bond.
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9. water draining from an abandoned coal mine is likely to have a. excess of hydrogen ions and a high ph c. excess hydrogen ions and a low ph b. excess hydroxide ions and a low ph d. excess of hydroxide ions and a high ph
The solution is excess hydrogen ions and a low ph.
It probably has a low pH and too many hydrogen ions. Acid mine drainage (AMD), which lowers the pH of water resources and makes dissolved metals easily available for uptake by benthic animals and fish, is a significant contributor to the entry of these contaminants into the human food chain. The term "acid mine drainage" refers to the runoff that results from water coming into touch with exposed sulfur-bearing minerals. These minerals react with the water and air to produce sulfuric acid and dissolved iron. Heavy metals like copper, lead, and mercury are dissolved by this acidic runoff, contaminating both groundwater and surface water. Mine drainage issues include tainted drinking water, hampered aquatic plant and animal development and reproduction, and the acid's corrosive effects on parts.
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how to determine amount of moles produced in a reaction when given the number of mols of both reactants
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