1 – Internal Strife
In ‘The History of Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire’, Edward Gibbon had a controversial theory. He claimed the rise of Christianity contributed to the fall of Rome as it bred a ‘turn the other cheek’ mentality. He also claimed the religion valued idle and unproductive people and also led to internal divisions. Gibbon wrote this in the 18th century, and modern historians tend to disagree with his analysis.
Gibbon’s claim that Rome was subject to moral decay probably holds more water. In the 2nd Century BC, Polybius wrote of a decline in moral virtue that led to the fall of the Republic. The same affliction appeared to damage the empire. The original ideals, values, and traditions upon which Rome was founded declined and were replaced by a notion that life was cheap and depravity, gluttony, and cruelty were the norm.
The Senate acted as an advisory body, but corrupt and power-hungry rulers routinely ignored this advice. Angry senators would plot against the leader and decisions were never made for the good of the empire. The Praetorian Guard were the personal bodyguards of the emperor, but they too became drunk on power. Eventually, they decided who would be emperor and would routinely murder the person on the throne.
The Third Century Crisis almost destroyed the Empire and paved the way for its eventual downfall. From 235-284 AD, there were at least 26 emperors and all, but a handful was murdered. Rome’s traditional trade network collapsed during this period so by the time Diocletian brought an end to the Crisis; the Empire was on its last legs.
2 Economic Deterioration
As is the case with all great empires, Rome was founded on a strong economic foundation. By its peak in 117 AD, the empire spanned approximately 1.5 million square kilometers and was inhabited by around 130 million people. Trade was crucial to the growth of the Roman economy and its outstanding transport system allowed a huge variety of goods to be imported across its borders. However, governing the empire was an expensive task with enormous military, administrative and logistical costs. A combination of several factors resulted in hyperinflation, heavy taxes, a localization of trade and ultimately, a crippling financial crisis.
The denarius was the main coin used in the first 200+ years of the empire. When it was created, each coin contained 4.5 grams of pure silver and was the equivalent of a day’s wages for the average craftsman/skilled laborer.
Nero was one of the first emperors to devalue the denarius, and by the time Gallienus took the throne in 253 AD, the coins contained approximately 5% silver and consisted of a bronze core with a thin layer of silver. By 265 AD, the denarius contained 0.5% silver; the result was inflation of up to 1,000% across the empire. By this time, Rome had no more enemies to steal from so taxation was raised. The resulting mess completely paralyzed trade. By the end of the 3rd Century AD, the vast majority of trade was localized with barter methods used instead of the exchange of currency. To make matters worse, the empire faced an intense labor deficit. For centuries, the empire relied on slaves to work as craftsmen and till the fields. In the latter part of the Republic and the first 150 or so years of the Empire, constant conquest meant there was a steady supply of slaves. By the 2nd Century AD, Roman expansion had practically ground to a halt, so the supply of slaves dried up along with the accompanying plunder. Later on, there was a growing humanitarian sentiment within the empire (when Christianity became the main religion) as Romans began to realize that slavery was wrong. A significant proportion of slaves were freed; this exacerbated the labor problem.
3 – The Split Empire
When Diocletian became emperor in 284 AD, he realized that it was no longer possible for one man to rule the vast empire. He made Maximian his co-emperor sometime in 285 AD with Empire split into east and west; Nicomedia was the original capital although it was changed to Constantinople in 330 AD. From this point onwards, the Senate would be ignored. In the past, it had advised the emperor on matters of state. The power of the empire was supposed to be based on an active military which became a problem when the empire’s military strength waned.
Some of the later emperors never even set foot in Rome and while the division offered an initial boost in strength, it ultimately made the Western Empire more vulnerable to attack. Rome had been having issues with Germanic tribes for centuries but was usually able to repel them or buy them off with land, an invitation to join the army or citizenship. The split became permanent in 330 AD.
Both halves of the empire prospered equally until the defeat of Eastern Emperor Valens at Adrianople in 378 AD. East and West effectively broke apart due to internal and external problems during the reign of Theodosius the West.
Which European national group had the largest representation the land that was to become the United States?
pls help , due tmro !!!
Answer:
Natural rights/rights given to every human that shall not be infringed upon such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happines.
Common sense A manifesto published by Thomas Paine in 1776 advocating for independent for the 13 colonies
Different authorities given to different branches of government or levels of government to prevent tyranical rule. Also the separation of citizen controlled, federal controlled, and state control domains.
John Locke was an English philosopher and physician who is considered one of the most prominent minds of the Enlightenment age he is also the Mind behind natural rights
I social contract is an understanding between 2 parties such as a government and its people one that is not necessarily written down but is just simply a great upon
The English bill of rights landmark Act in the constitutional law of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown.
Magna carta An official bill signed by king John of England and 1215 to limit the power of the French monarchy. Also considered to be the 1st constitution ever drafted in england
A limited government A governing administration bound by the will of its citizens or by a constitution or outline of operation
The Mayflower compact is the 1st example of a social contract drawn up by puritan settlers traveling to the colonies. The compact laid out though governing basis of what would grow to be the United States constitution many years later.
A plan or outline of how a government should be run
A self governmentIs where they citizens maintain cup total control of all attributions of societee from criminal Justice to basic natural duties of a citizen
Thomas Paine was an English-born political philosopher and revolutionary also the author of the famous revolutionary pamphlet common sense
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For ancient Egyptians, burial was a ritual where the dead left the land of the living and entered the afterlife. Before the burial, the body had to be prepared. Not everyone could afford the same service. All ancient Egyptians had some type of funeral ceremony to make the transition to the world of the dead. People with little money gave their used clothing as payment to the embalmer (the person preserving the mummy). A family with more money could have more work done. The body would be kept for 70 days in a chemical to preserve it. For a middle-class family, the embalmer might inject the body with oil of cedar or other perfumes. The wealthy had a more complex mummification process that included careful work on the brain and organs. When the bodies were dried and wrapped, they were given to their families in wooden coffins. How did the burial of a wealthy person differ from that of an enslaved person? Choose two answers.
A) The wealthy had a more complex process.
B) The wealthy were wrapped in their clothes.
C) The wealthy had a ceremony.
D) The wealthy had perfumes in their bodies.
Answer:
A and d
Explanation:
Answer:
The wealthy had a more complex process.
The wealthy had perfumes in their bodies.
Explanation:
For ancient Egyptians, burial was a ritual where the dead left the land of the living and entered the afterlife. Before the burial, the body had to be prepared. Not everyone could afford the same service. All ancient Egyptians had some type of funeral ceremony to make the transition to the world of the dead. People with little money gave their used clothing as payment to the embalmer (the person preserving the mummy). A family with more money could have more work done. The body would be kept for 70 days in a chemical to preserve it. For a middle-class family, the embalmer might inject the body with oil of cedar or other perfumes. The wealthy had a more complex mummification process that included careful work on the brain and organs. When the bodies were dried and wrapped, they were given to their families in wooden coffins.
Help me plssss guys it’s for school
Answer:
Hello mama’s there is no question I might ask once you put a question I can help alright dear :)
Explanation:
Name the explorer who believed Columbus had found new land and for whom America was named.
1.Ferdinand Magellan
2.Amerigo Vespucci
3.Francisco Pizarro
4.Hernando Cortes
Look at Benjamin Franklin’s political cartoon from 1754. A political cartoon by Benjamin Franklin with the slogan Join, or Die. How does the cartoon depict the American colonies? as united under British rule as subject to attack from outside forces as separate and in danger of destruction as sneaky and cunning
Answer:
as separate and in danger of destruction.
Explanation:
'Join, or Die' is a political cartoon sketched by Benjamin Franklin; published on May 9, 1754 by Pennsylvania Gazette. The cartoon was a depiction of disunity in the American Colonies. The cartoon was published during French and Indian War.
The cartoon is a woodcut with snake cut into eight pieces showing each segment of the colony. The cartoon depicts the disunity in the Thirteen Colonies and danger of destruction this disunity possess.
Thus the correct option is the third one (C).
Answer:
as separate and in danger of destruction.
Explanation:
how does section 6 protect free speech?
how does section 6 ensure separation of powers?
how does section 7 address one of the problems in the articles of confederation?
how does section 7 illustrate checks and balance?
Answer:
1)Section 6 also says that Senators and Representatives shall not be questioned in court or by the President for any speech or debate they give or participate in on the floor of the Senate or the House. This assures ample freedom of debate in Congress.
2)To ensure the separation of powers among the legislative, judicial and executive branches of government, Article I, Section 6, prohibits a senator or representative from holding any other federal office during his or her service in Congress.
America changes through times of _____ and cooperation
1. peace
2. conflict
3. growth
Answer: Through times of growth.
ANSWER FAST PLZ cause I ain’t got much time
Answer:
the answer is d
hope this helps..
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer is D
Explanation:
The letter E on the map identifies the
How were the British laws and taxes justified?
Answer:
Britain also needed money to pay for its war debts. The King and Parliament believed they had the right to tax the colonies. They decided to require several kinds of taxes from the colonists to help pay for the French and Indian War. ... The colonists started to resist by boycotting, or not buying, British goods.
Is history an art or science
History is both science and art. It is scientific in its method and technique but literary and artistic in its presentation.
Which describes how this newspaper article contributed to the Spanish-American War?
Answer:
News papers would instigate the intrest of the war by fabricating which would justify intervention of Spanish colonies world wide.
Which statement about artists from Italy and from northern Europe is true? Question 8 options:
A. Artists from Italy specialized in sculpture, while artists from northern Europe specialized in painting frescoes.
B. Artists from both Italy and northern Europe avoided using symbols in their art.
C. Artists from Italy focused on capturing the ideal form, while artists from northern Europe focused on capturing details.
D. Artists from Italy never painted religious scenes, while artists from northern Europe embraced religious themes.
Answer:
The Answer is D
Explanation:
The Italian Artists Were never super concerned about Religion as The Europeans were
Answer: it is C
Explanation:
Shield between English colonies and Spanish land.
Answer:
Gibraltar.
Explanation:
Gibraltar was considered as a shield which is present between English colonies and Spanish land because this place is the last territory on which the Britain were occupied. First this area is the part of Spanish land but in 1713 Spain give it to the Britain after the war. This region is present between the boundary line of Spanish land and British colony which act as a shield. Now, it is a free state and have its own parliament.
What factors did you consider in assessing your needs?
Answer:
Summary
Prior to and during health assessment of patients, factors such as the health status of the patient/client, the age and cognitive ability of the patient, learning disability as well as gender issues need to be considered as these can have an impact on the assessment process. This chapter discusses these factors, and also explores some of the essential ethical aspects of the process of completing a patient assessment such as privacy, confidentiality, respect for dignity and truthfulness. All these aspects can be subsumed under the principle of respect for persons. The environment within which assessment takes place could also impact on the assessment process. The clinical differences between adults and children, and the different levels of cognition in children at various stages of development can affect how children may be assessed. The chapter also outlines the differences in health‐related behavior of men and women.
What do you already know about the settlement of North
America? List as many things
as you can!
Answer:
NOSEE
Explanation:
Which of these might you see on a cathedral from the Romanesque period?
a. twin towers
b. repeated domes
C. repeated columns
d. none of the above
Answer:
Twin Towers
Explanation:
trust me
What is opportunity cost? the limited availability of goods or services a benefit lost when choosing between two options the resources used to produce finished goods or services a system of directly exchanging goods or services for other goods or services
Answer:
the answer is B
Explanation:
The opportunity cost is the benefit lost when choosing between two options. Hence, option B is correct.
What do you mean by the Opportunity Cost?
One of the main and basic concepts of the Economy is the Opportunity Cost. it is the concept that is always being noted as the values which are lost in the field of business.
Business owners always weigh the option before choosing a product they try to keep two options readied before them. This often leads to the choice of two alternate options on them, which lets in the making of the business decision.
Opportunity Cost is thus, the means of doing business by giving up on the next best thing. Thus, option B is correct.
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A major cause of antagonism toward the new immigrants who came to the United States after 1880 was the belief that they
Answer:
A Major cause of antagonism toward the "new immigrants" who came to the United States after 1880 was the belief that they Competed with Americans for jobs as unskilled laborers. In the 1890s, calls for limiting immigration were largely the result of:
Explanation:
you need to be locked up rn
Answer:
Why’s that
Explanation:
Describe Neolithic Social Structures
What time did flight 11 hit the North Tower?
Answer:
8:46 a.m.
Explanation:
At 8:46 a.m., hijackers managed to fly a plane into the North Tower of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.
the other person is right
What is quillwork? a. soaking porcupine and bird quills with natural dyes and working them into surface patterns on other objects b. using a quill pen made from birds to paint ink symbols on bodies c. a type of sewing of the women of the Sioux tribe d. using a quill pen made from the feather of an eagle to draw tribal symbols on the walls of a teepee
Answer:
soaking porcupine and bird quills with natural dyes and working them into surface patterns on other objects
Explanation:
the vocab terms
Quillwork is defined as soaking porcupine and bird quills with natural dyes and working them into surface patterns on other objects.
What is Quillwork?This is a form of textile embellishment which are used on fabrics by soaking substances such as quill with dyes.
It is then worked into surface patterns on other objects which is why option Awas chosen.
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True or False: Ordinary citizens held a majority of power in most societies in 1750.
Answer:
pretty sure its false
Explanation:
Ordinary citizens did not hold a majority of power in 1750 so the answer is False
Choose the answers that correctly identify an ideal or principle of government found in the Declaration of Independence.
Answer:
that all men are created equal and that government is based on the consent of the governed, became the foundation for the US political ideal of popular sovereignty: that the government exists to serve the people, who elect representatives to express their will.
The author directly uses all of the following pieces of evidence to support his argument about the relationship between exotic goods and the power of Maya rulers EXCEPT that Maya rulers
Answer:
Prohibited nobles and priests from wearing certain types of exotic goods reserved for rulers
Explanation:
The author includes priests with the nobles and rulers in the list of people allowed to wear these goods.
The author directly uses all of the following pieces of evidence to support his argument about the relationship between exotic goods and the power of Maya rulers EXCEPT that Maya rulers prohibited nobles and priests from wearing certain types of exotic goods reserved for rulers.
What is evidence?Evidence is referred to as proof based on factual information which helps to validate the occurrence of the event. It helps to determine whether the action took place or not by providing credentials.
According to the passage, To uphold and strengthen their social standing and authority, Maya monarchs and elites required such commodities. Within the Maya lowlands, exotic commodities were traded over great distances.
The link between exotic items and the authority of Maya rulers, With the exception that Maya monarchs prohibited nobles and priests from wearing specific exotic items that were only fit for kings.
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The incomplete question is
One of the most important aspects of the Maya economy was the exchange of exotic goods. Maya rulers and elites needed such goods to maintain and reinforce their social status and power. Many of these goods were used in the formal dress of kings, nobles, and priests. Without them, the elites could not carry out the rituals that were their principal duties in the eyes of the people. Jaguar pelts, fine textiles, feathers, and other such products were exchanged over long distances within the Maya lowlands. . . .
Such items were probably exchanged as dowry, gifts at royal marriages, coronations, funerals, or at religious pilgrimages. Exotic goods were also probably given as tribute to rulers by their vassals.
These high-status goods held together the Maya world and unified patterns of behavior in religion, science, and warfare. Their exchange surely went hand in hand with exchanges of information, including scientific knowledge, early writing, and, most importantly, models of political organization."
Arthur Demarest, United States anthropologist, Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Rainforest Civilization, 2004
The author directly uses all of the following pieces of evidence to support his argument about the relationship between exotic goods and the power of Maya rulers EXCEPT that Maya rulers
Thought that worshippers did not need the church or ministers to interpret
the Bible for them
a. O Roger Williams
b. Anne Hutchinson
c. O William Penn
d. O John Winthrop
the _ are located in northeast africa
Answer: Niger River I think... ._.