Most geologist think the movement of Earth’s plates are caused by: convection currents in the mantle. Option C- is the correct answer.
What is convection currents in the mantle?This occurs as a result of differential heating. Lighter (less dense), warm material rises while heavier (more dense) cool material sinks. It is this movement that creates circulation patterns known as convection currents in the atmosphere, in water, and in the mantle of Earth.
These convection currents are in three forms namely:
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The lowest outdoor temperature ever recorded on Earth is -128. 6°F,
recorded at Vostok Station, Antarctica, in 1983. What is this temperature
on the Celsius and Kelvin scales?
The lowest recorded air temperature at the surface of the Earth was a measurement of −89.2°C made at Vostok station, Antarctica, at 0245 UT on 21 July 1983. Here we present the first detailed analysis of this event using meteorological reanalysis fields, in situ observations and satellite imagery.
What is meant by temperature?
The physical concept of temperature indicates in numerical form how hot or cold something is. A thermometer is used to determine temperature.Thermometers are calibrated using a variety of temperature scales, which historically defined distinct reference points and thermometric substances.One of the seven base units in the International System of Units is the kelvin (SI).All areas of natural science, including physics, chemistry, Earth science, astronomy, biology, ecology, material science, metallurgy, mechanical engineering, geography, and most aspects of daily life, depend on temperature. These fields include medicine, biology, ecology, and most other branches of science.It can be very closely approximated experimentally but never actually reached, as stated in the third rule of thermodynamics. At that temperature, it would be difficult to produce heat from a body.To learn more about temperature refer to
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during summer months, in hot regions of the united states, some homes run air conditioners continuously. how many homes can the same power plant support if average electricity usage increases to 1,200 kwh/month during summer months?
The same power plant could supply approximately 270,000 homes if the average electricity consumption rises to 1,200 kWh/month in the summer.
This is due to the fact that there is now a significant increase in the demand for electricity, which must be met by power plants.
500 mW x 24 hours/day x 30 days/month x 0.9 = 324,000 MWh/month.
The number of homes that the same power plant can serve, however, may vary based on how much electricity each household has.
324,000 mWh/month x 1,000 kWh/MWh = 324,000,000 kWh/month.
324,000,000 kWh/month/1,200 kWh/month/home = 270,000 homes.
The number of homes that can be served by the same power plant in hotter parts of the United States may rise significantly if air conditioning is kept up.
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summary of the mankind mutation
Mutations occur in the genetic material due to alterations in the sequence of nucleic acids of the genome. Mutations are harmful as they lead to many disorders and conditions which are life-threatening.
What are Mutations?A mutation can be defined as an alteration in the sequence of nucleic acids of the genome of a living organism, virus, or the extrachromosomal DNA material such as the mitochondrial DNA or the chloroplast DNA. Viral genomes are different from that of other living organisms as they contain either DNA or RNA as genetic material.
The guanine-thymine (G-T) mutation is the single most common mutation which occurs in the DNA of human. This mutation occurs about once in every 10,000 to 100,000 base pairs in the DNA.
Mutations are of different types. From which, the deletion mutations are opposite types of point mutations. These mutations involve the removal of a base pair from the sequence. Both of these mutations lead to the creation of one of the most dangerous type of point mutations which is known as the frameshift mutation.
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21) a stretched string is observed to have four equal segments in a standing wave driven at a frequency of 480 hz. what driving frequency will set up a standing wave with five equal segments? a) 600 hz
The driving frequency that will set up a standing wave with five equal segments is 600 Hz.
It is given that frequency observed for a stretched string with four equal segments in a standing wave is 480Hz.
That is, f₄ = 480 Hz
Fundamental frequency, f₀, can be calculated as,
f₀ = [tex]\frac{480}{4} = 120 Hz[/tex]
Therefore, the driving frequency that will set up a standing wave with five equal segments, f₅, is
f₅ = f₀ × 5
f₅= 120 × 5
f₅ = 600 Hz.
Hence, the driving frequency, f₅, is 600 Hz.
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during volleyball practice a volleyball is tossed over a net, starting from a height of 1.5 meters above the ground. after reaching the top of its trajectory it returns to its original height as it falls. how does the motion of the ball at the top of its trajectory compare to its motion as it passes its original height?
When a volleyball is tossed over a net, starting from a height of 1.5 meters above the ground, where after reaching the top of its trajectory it returns to its original height as it falls, the ball's speed is the same as when it was tossed, but its velocity is different.
As ball 1 gets to the top of its trajectory, its velocity becomes zero.
since not stated otherwise, we assume that both balls have the same properties
If ball 2 is released at this instance, then they both will travel down at the same time interval and have initial velocity as zero.
since vertical travel is downwards, then acceleration due to gravity g is positive for both balls.
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A beam of light strikes a mirror at angle of 23° to the normal. What is the angle between the incident and reflected beam?
The angle between the incident and reflected beam is 46° when a beam of light strikes a mirror at angle of 23° to the normal.
Given the angel of incidence (∠i) = 23°
Since the beam of light strikes the mirror at normal it is the angle of incidence. The incident ray's angle with the normal at the point where it contacts the mirror surface is used to calculate the angle of reflection.
From mirror laws we know that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Then, ∠i = ∠r
Hence, as angle of incidence is 23° and the angle of reflection is 23° . So, the angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray is 23° + 23° = 46°.
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TIPERS
B3-CT26: CURLER PUSHING STONE-FORCE ON STONE
Two identical curling stones (the playing pieces in the sport of curling) are pushed horizontally on ice by curlers.
The instantaneous speed and acceleration of the two stones are given. Ignore the friction between the stone and the
ice.
А
B
V=3 m/s
V = 2 m/s
a = 1 m/s2
a= 2 m/s2
Is the magnitude of the force that the curler is exerting on the stone (i) greater in Case A, (ii) greater in Case
B, or (iii) the same in both cases?
Explain your reasoning.
The magnitude of the force that the curler is exerting on the stone (ii) greater in Case B
Push or pull of an object is considered a force. Push and pull come from the objects interacting with one another. The push or pull on an object with mass causes it to change its velocity.Force is an external agent capable of changing a body’s state of rest or motion. It has a magnitude and a direction. The direction towards which the force is applied is known as the direction of the force, and the application of force is the point where force is applied.Newton’s 2nd law states that the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the object’s mass. i.e. F = MaThus Force is directly proportional to acceleration of an object.
Here , Case (B) has higher acceleration. So, It will have greater force.
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a person is about 6 orders of magnitude larger than a cell. the cell is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than a molecule. by how many orders of magnitude is a person larger than a molecule?
The order of magnitude describes a relative larger or smaller quantity. Find out what a molecule means by orders of magnitude and how they are determined.
Greater in magnitude means what?In different situations, the term "order of magnitude" is also employed more loosely. Simply said, the phrase can refer to something that is much larger or smaller, a very huge or little number, a small or large volume of something, etc.
What is a quantity's order of magnitude?A number pf powers of 10 or even the numbers of power of 0.1 inside a negative number determines the order of magnitude. Ordinarily, an order of magnitude was expressed as 10 to a nth power. The order in magnitude is represented.
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Wich of the following factors might influence a community decision to build a new power plant
Heat rates, thermal efficiencies, capacity factors, load factors, economic efficiencies, operational efficiencies, and energy efficiencies are all elements in power plants. A power plant's performance may be expressed using several typical performance factors: heat rate (energy efficiency) and thermal efficiency.
What are the three most important variables that influence plant growth?Water, light, temperature, and nutrients are the four most important factors influencing plant development. You might be asking where dirt comes into all of this. Plants may grow without soil using a technique known as hydroponics. Plants, on the other hand, cannot grow if they are not provided with the necessary nutrients.
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a flat square sheet of thin aluminum foil, 25 cm on a side, carries a uniformly distributed 275 nc charge. what, approximately, is the electric field a. 1.0 cm above the center of the sheet and b. 15 m above the center of the sheet?
A) The electric field at 1.0 cm above the center of the sheet is 2.5 × 10⁵ N/C, B) the electric field 15 m above the center of the sheet is 11 N/C.
Side of the square sheet, l =25 cm = 0.25 m
Uniformly distributed charge, Q = 275 × 10⁻⁹ C
ε₀ = 8.8 × 10⁻¹²
a) When close to the sheet, we assume it as an infinite sheet, So,
E = σ/2ε₀,
σ = Q/l²
E = Q/(2ε₀l²)
E = (275 × 10⁻⁹)/(2×8.8 × 10⁻¹²×0.25²)
E = 2.5 × 10⁵ N/C
B) When far from the sheet, we assume it as a point charge, if R = 15 m
E = Q/(4πε₀R²)
E = (275 × 10⁻⁹)/(4π×8.8 × 10⁻¹²× 15²)
E = 11 N/C
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Just say i had to catch a dollar bill between my 2 finger (flattened dollar bill)
Can I figure out how long it takes for the dollar bill to fall between my fingers?
A dollar bill is 6.14inches
Mass of dollar bill: 1gram
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
The trailing edge has to fall 6.14 inches ( mass is irrelevant)
d = 1/2 a t^2
6.14/12 ft = 1/2 (32.2 ft/s^2 )(t^2) shows t = .178 s
A projectile of mass 0.419 kg is shot from
a cannon, at height 6.2 m, as shown in the
figure, with an initial velocity v; having a
horizontal component of 6.7 m/s.
The projectile rises to a maximum height
of 1.6 m above the end of the cannon's barrel
and strikes the ground a horizontal distance
past the end of the cannon's barrel.
Find the magnitude of the initial vertical
velocity vector of the cannon-ball at the end
of the cannon's barrel. The acceleration of
gravity is 9.8 m/s².
The projectile's top height is indicated by the number h. Max equals u squared x divided by 2 g. In this case, the initial horizontal velocity is maximized by u square at a rate of 6 meters per second square.
Find height?The projectile's top height is indicated by the number h. Max equals u squared x divided by 2 g. In this case, the initial horizontal velocity is maximized by u square at a rate of 6 meters per second square.
This rate is then multiplied by two to get 9.8 meters per second square, which equals 1.84 meters.
The projectile can only fly as high as this, then. Here, we already know that the projector is located at a distance of h from the ground, which is the height the projectile has reached from ground level. Please excuse the distance, the cannon is h feet above the ground.
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a charged particle a exerts a force of 2.72 n to the right on charged particle b when the particles are 13.0 mm apart. particle b moves straight away from a to make the distance between them 18.5 mm. what vector force does particle b then exert on a
The force particle b exerts on a is -2.72 N to the left.
The force particle b exerts on a can be determined by using Coulomb's law, which states that the force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Since the charges of the particles are the same, we can assume that the force is proportional to the inverse of the distance squared. By increasing the distance between the particles from 13.0 mm to 18.5 mm, we can assume that the force has decreased.
Using the formula F = k(q1*q2)/r^2, we can calculate the new force by substituting the new distance and assuming the charges are equal. Since the force was 2.72 N to the right, and the distance has increased, the force particle b now exerts on a would-be -2.72 N to the left.
This is because the force is inversely proportional to the distance squared, and since the distance has increased the force has decreased.
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Which of the following is an extensive property?A) MassB) TemperatureC) PressureD) Density
The extensive property among the following is mass. So, option A) is correct.
The property of a material known as the widespread property is dependent on the mass (or amount of matter) of the substance. Mass is the extensive property solely in the possibilities that are presented. Other than mass, all other attributes are independent of mass.
Divide the substance in half to determine the extensive property quickly and easily. It depends on mass and is an extensive property if it also applies to both of the separate portions. When a property remains constant for each half, it is said to be an intense property and is independent of mass. Examples of an intensive property include density, temperature, pressure, etc.
Hence, the answer is mass.
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a ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a 70.6-m building and lands 188 m from the base of the building. ignore air resistance. how long is the ball in the air?
A ball launch horizontally from the top of a 70.6-m building lands 188 m from the building's base. The ball will fly for 3.79 seconds.
A displacement is a vector whose length is the shortest distance between a moving point's initial and final positions.
The beginning velocity in the problem is described as horizontal, which implies that the initial vertical velocity(u) is zero. In order to solve for the time of flight using the formula, we also have the height of the building, which is a downward displacement.
We know,
[tex]Y = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^{2}[/tex]
Here, Y = height of the building = 70.6m, u = 0, a = g = 9.81m/[tex]s^{2}[/tex]. We have to find the time of flight t.
⇒ [tex]70.6 = 0*t + \frac{1}{2} (9.81)t^{2}[/tex]
⇒ [tex]t^{2} = 14.3934[/tex]
⇒ [tex]t = 3.79 s[/tex]
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An electric light bulb has an efficiency of 21%.
350 J of energy are supplied to the light bulb by electricity,
Calculate the amount of energy transferred as light.
The amount of energy transferred as light is 73.5 J (350 J x 21%).
Can you explain the concept of lumen and its relationship to the efficiency of a light bulb?A lumen is a unit of size for the quantity of mild that is emitted through a source. Lumens are frequently used to evaluate the brightness of different light sources. The efficiency of a mild bulb is regularly measured in phrases of the quantity of lumens in line with watt of electricity fed on. A light bulb that has a higher lumen output consistent with watt is considered to be more green. As an example, a mild bulb that produces one hundred lumens in step with watt is more efficient than a light bulb that produces eighty lumens in line with watt. That is because it produces greater light according to unit of electricity fed on.
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An electric light bulb has an efficiency of 21% 350 J of energy contains the 73.5 J of energy transferred as light.
Evaluating light :Amount of energy transferred by light =( 21/100)×350
= 2.1 × 35
= 73 .5 J
Electric light bulb :A lumen is a unit of size for the quantity of mild that is emitted through a source. Lumens are frequently used to evaluate the brightness of different light sources. The efficiency of a mild bulb is regularly measured in phrases of the quantity of lumens in line with watt of electricity fed on. A light bulb that has a higher lumen output consistent with watt is considered to be more green. As an example, a mild bulb that produces one hundred lumens in step with watt is more efficient than a light bulb that produces eighty lumens in line with watt. That is because it produces greater light according to unit of electricity fed on.
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The direction of a vector can be different in different coordinate systems. (true or false)
The statement that the direction of a vector can be different in different coordinate systems, is true.
It can be possible to add a coordinate system to a vector and identity components of that vector in that particular system, but the orientation and the type of the coordinate system with the respect to the vector can be different. The choice of a particular coordinate system usually does not change the direction of the vector.
However the magnitude of a vector may or may not be different in different coordinate systems. It is possible to attach a scalar to a vector. A vector may have its magnitude equal to zero while having one of its components is nonzero. The direction of a vector can be different in a different particular coordinate system.
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in a thundercloud there may be an electric charge of 40 c near the top of the cloud and -40 c near the bottom of the cloud. these charges are separated by about 2.0 km. what is the electric force between these two sets of charges? (ke
The electric force between these two sets of charges is: -3.6*10^6 N
What is electric force?In physics the electric force is the force that attracts or repels two charges (q) separated at a distance called (r), this is expressed in the international system of units in Newton.
To solve this exercise the electric force formula and the procedure we will use is:
F = (k * q1 * q2)/r²
Where:
F = electric forcek = coulomb constantq1 = charge 1q2 = charge 2r = separation distance of the chargesInformation about the problem:
q1= 40 Cq2= -40 Cr = 2.0 kmF =?k= 9 *10^9 N*m²/C²By converting the the separation distance of the charges from (km) to (m) we have:
r = 2.0 km * 1000 m/1 km
r= 2000 m
Applying the electric force formula we have:
F = (k * q1 * q2)/r²
F = [(9 *10^9 N*m²/C² * (40 C) * (-40 C)]/ (2000 m)²
F = -1.44*10^13 N*m² /4*10^6 m²
F = -3.6*10^6 N
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a 60 kg hiker wishes to climb a hill 1200 meters high if he can generate a sustained power of 500 watts how long will it take him to climb the hill
If the hiker moves at a constant 500 Watts per meter, it will take 2.4 hours to ascend the hill (1200 meters x 500 Watts).
Explain about the Motion.The way a body's orientation or position changes over time. Translation describes motion along a line or a curve. Rotation is a motion in which a body's orientation is altered.
An object moving or being moved is referred to as motion. It's said that motion follows a pattern when it repeats. Making predictions about future motion requires the observation of patterns of motion. Friction is the name for the force that prevents moving objects from moving.
The fundamental kinematics equation of motion, which states that the distance travelled divided by the object's speed equals the amount of time required to travel that distance.
Following are the steps to determine how long it took to climb the hill:
To start, figure out the hiker's power output.
500 Watts are being produced continuously by the hiker.
Step two is to compute the climbing time.
By dividing the distance travelled by the time it took to climb the slope.
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a ball is released from height h above the floor. the system is defined to be ball-earth. air resistance is negligible. when the ball is halfway to the ground (i.e. at height h/2), is its kinetic energy more than, less than, or equal to half of its maximum kinetic energy?
When the ball is halfway to the ground (i.e. at height h/2), is its kinetic energy is more than, its maximum kinetic energy.
Air exerts a force known as air resistance. Like a sports vehicle with a streamlined design will encounter reduced air resistance and experience less drag, the automobile would be able to move more quickly than a truck with a flat front.
Air resistance is what generates this force. The force of air resistance slows an object's descent to the ground more as its mass decreases. Regardless of how much their masses differ, if two items were put on the moon, where there is no air, they would fall at the same rate.
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A 1400 kg car traveling at 13.5 m/s to the south collides with a 6400 kg truck that is initially at rest at a stoplight. The car and truck stick together and move together after
the collision. What is the final velocity of the two-vehicle mass? Assume that North is positive. Answer in units of m/s. Answer in units of m/s.
The final velocity of the two-vehicle mass is 2.42m/s.
What is Momentum?Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity of an object which is a vector quantity, which has a magnitude and a direction. If m is the mass of an object and v is its velocity, then p is the momentum of the object: [tex]\mathbf{p} = m \mathbf{v}.[/tex]
For above given information,
[tex]m_1= 1400kg\\m_2= 6400kg\\v_1_i=-13.5 m/s\\v_2_i= 0m/s[/tex]
Formula for this is:
[tex]m_1.v_1_i+m_2.v_2_i= (m_1+m_2)v_f[/tex]
(1400.-13.5)+ (6400.0) = (1400+6400).[tex]v_f[/tex]
-18900=7800.[tex]v_f[/tex]
-18900/7800=[tex]v_f[/tex]
[tex]v_f= 2.42m/s[/tex]
Thus, the final velocity of the two-vehicle mass is 2.42m/s.
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a 9500 pf capacitor holds plus and minus charges of 16.5 x 10e-8 c. what is the voltage across the capacitor?
According to the problem the voltage across the capacitor is 1.73 V.
What is capacitor?A capacitor is an electrical component that stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field. It is composed of two conducting plates separated by an insulating material called a dielectric. When a voltage is applied to the plates, the dielectric stores an electrical charge. Capacitors are used in a variety of electronic devices and are essential for the operation of many electrical and electronic systems.
The voltage across a capacitor is given by V = Q/C, where Q is the charge on the capacitor, and C is the capacitance.
In this case, the charge on the capacitor is 16.5 x 10-8 C, and the capacitance is 9500 pF = 9.5 x 10-8 F.
Therefore, the voltage across the capacitor is V = 16.5 x 10-8 C / 9.5 x 10-8 F = 1.73 V.
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Calculate the frequency bob if it's time period is 25 sec
The frequency and time interval are 2 seconds and 0.5 Hz, respectively.
One oscillation: The oscillating body moves completely back and forth in a single motion, or oscillation.
The frequency is the number of vibrations the body makes in a second.
Time span: This is the amount of time it takes a body to complete one oscillation.
Time period is equal to how long the pendulum swings over how many oscillations it makes.
20/10=2s
Frequency =1/Time 1/2 = 0.5Hz
In light of this, the time interval and frequency are 2 seconds and 0.5 Hertz, respectively.
What is the best way to define frequency?How frequently a periodic wave shape or signal repeats itself at a specific amplitude is expressed as frequency. It can be measured in hertz, kilohertz, megahertz, etc.
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If you pour whisky over ice, the ice will cool the drink, but it will also dilute it. A solution is to use whisky stones. Suppose Ernest pours 55. 0 g of whisky at 22 ∘C room temperature, and then adds three whisky stones to cool it. Each stone is a 32. 0 g soapstone cube that is stored in the freezer at -11 ∘C. The specific heat of soapstone is 980 J/kg⋅K; the specific heat of whisky is 3400 J/kg⋅K. What is the final temperature of the whisky?
The final temperature of the whisky is 10.95∘C when 55.0g of whisky at 22∘C room temperature, and then three stones to cool it are added.
Given the mass of whisky (m1) = 55g = 55x10^-3kg
Initial temperature of whisky (T1) = 22∘C
The final temperature of mixture = T
The mass of stone cube (m2) = 32g = 32x10^-3kg
The temperature of stone (T2) = -11∘C
The specific heat of stone is (Cs) = 980J/kg.K
The specific heat of whisky is (Cw) = 3400J/kg⋅K
Let the number of stones = 3
Following the combination, the stone cube gains hatred while the whisky loses heat.
Let the heat lost by whisky = Qw
Qw = 55 x 10^-3 x 3400J/kg⋅K x (22 - T)
Qw = 187(22 - T)
Let the heat gained by stones = Qs
Qs = 3 x 32 x 10^-3 x 980J/kg⋅K x (T-(-11))
Qs = 94.080(T+11)
We know that Qw = Qs such that
187(22 - T) = 94.080(T+11)
4114 - 1034.88 = 94.080T + 187T
T = 3079.12/281.08 = 10.95∘C
Hence the final temperature of the drink is 10.95∘C
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A 0.008kg balloon floats up into the air. If it has 2.40J of gravitational potential energy
compared to the ground, how far above the ground did it float? (Assume the reference height at the
ground is 0.)
a. y = 300.m
b. y = 0.188m
c. y = 0.0942m
d. y = 30.6m
The reference height form the ground level is 30.6m.
What is the distance that is covered?Let us note that when we are talking about the gravitational potential energy, we would have to look at the energy that is possessed by the object because the object is placed at a given height on earth.
Now, we have to note that the gravitational potential energy of the object can be obtained by the use of the formula;
E = mgh
E = gravitational potential energy
m = mass of the object
g = acceleration due to gravity
h = height
Then;
2.4 = 0.008 * 9.8 * h
h = 2.4/0.008 * 9.8
h = 30.6m
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what is your instantaneous speed at the instant you turn around to move in the opposite direction? (a) depends on how quickly you turn around; (b) always zero; (c) always negative; (d) none of the above.
The instantaneous speed at the instant you turn around to move in the opposite direction is (b) always zero.
We know that the average speed for a given time interval is the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken. As this time interval approaches zero, the distance traveled also approaches zero. But the limit of the ratio of distance and time is non-zero and is called the instantaneous speed. To understand it in simple words we can also say that instantaneous speed at any given time is the magnitude of instantaneous velocity at that time.Instantaneous velocity is defined as the rate of change of position for a time interval which is very small (almost zero). Measured using SI unit m/s. Instantaneous speed is the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity. It has the same value as that of instantaneous velocity but does not have any direction.To know more about speed visit:
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A car is 180 inches long. A truck is 75 percent longer than rhe car. how long is the truck
The length of the truck that is 75 percent longer than the car is 315 inches.
What is the length of the truck?
The length of the truck that is 75 percent longer than the car is determined from the percentage increment of the truck from the car.
The length of the car is given as 180 inches, then the length of the truck that is 75 percent longer than the car is calculated as follows;
Lt = ( 75 % + 100 % ) x Lc
where;
Lt is the length of the truckLc is the length of the carLt = ( 175% ) x Lc
Lt = ( 1.75 ) x 180 inches
Lt = 315 inches
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While you are asleep, your body needs to get rid of about 64 J of waste heat every second. The body does this by transferring the heat from the interior of your body (temperature 37°C) to the skin (temperature 30°C), where it is radiated away. By how much does this heat transfer change the body’s entropy each second?
The body does this by transferring the heat from the interior of your body. 0.2104 J/K is heat transfer change the body’s entropy each second
Calculating:The following formula can be used to determine the change in entropy caused by heat transfer:
S = Q / T, where S is the entropy change,
Q is the heat transferred, and
T is the heat transfer temperature. The temperature is 30°C (303 K) and the heat transfer rate is 64 J/s in this instance.
ΔS = [tex]\frac{64}{303}[/tex] = 0.2104 J/ K
It is essential to keep in mind that heat transfer from the body to the skin is not reversible, resulting in an increase in the body's entropy.
Entropy: What is It?The thermodynamic property entropy measures a system's disorder or randomness. It is related to the number of possible microstates (or ways in which a system can be arranged) that correspond to a particular macrostate (or observable state) of a system. It is frequently used to describe the degree of randomness or disorder within a system. The second law of thermodynamics states that systems tend to progress toward a state with greater entropy.
The International System of Units (SI) defines entropy as having Joules per Kelvin (J/K) units. Because it is a state function, the change in entropy only depends on the system's initial and final states, not on how the system got from one state to another.
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helpp! A certain chemical reaction produces 0.0450grams of product. How many significant figures does this measurement have?
a.3
b.4
c.5
d.2
The measurement have 4 significant figures. Hence, option (b) is correct.
What is significant figures?The number that is given as digits is established using significant figures. A meaningful representation of numbers is carried by these digits.
Frequently, significant digits are employed in place of figures. By counting all of the values beginning with the first non-zero digit on the left, we may determine the number of significant digits.
The certain chemical reaction produces 0.0450grams of product.
In 0.0450, there have 4 significant figures.
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Answer: The answer is 3 sig figs, option A
Explanation:
Using a balance, determine the mass of the ball and basket of the ballistic pendulum. Fire the ballistic pendulum and measure the maximum height the pendulum reaches. Use the conservation of energy (initial KE + initial GPE = final KE + final GPE, KE = 12mv2; GPE = mgh) to calculate the initial speed of the pendulum after the ball has collided with the pendulum basket. Next, use the conservation of momentum (total initial p = total final p; p = my) fo determine the initial speed of the ball before it collided with the pendulum basket.
The initial speed of the bullet before striking the basket of mass 1 kg is 1.98 m/s. Speed of each bullet is given below
To determine the mass of the ball and basket of the ballistic pendulum using a balance, you can simply weigh the pendulum and record its mass.
To calculate the initial speed of the pendulum after the ball has collided with the pendulum basket, you can use the conservation of energy. The initial kinetic energy (KE) of the ball is equal to the final kinetic energy of the pendulum (ball and basket combined), and the initial gravitational potential energy (GPE) of the ball is equal to the final GPE of the pendulum. The equation for KE is KE = 1/2mv^2, where m is the mass of the ball and v is its velocity. The equation for GPE is GPE = mgh, where m is the mass of the ball, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2), and h is the height of the pendulum at its maximum displacement.
Using the values for mass, height, and velocity, you can set up the conservation of energy equation as follows:
1/2mv^2 + mgh = 1/2(m + M)v_f^2 + (m + M)gh_f
where m is the mass of the ball, M is the mass of the pendulum basket, v is the initial velocity of the ball, v_f is the final velocity of the pendulum, h is the height of the pendulum at its maximum displacement, and h_f is the height of the pendulum at its maximum displacement after the collision.
Solving for v, we get:
v = sqrt(2gh)
Next, you can use the conservation of momentum to determine the initial speed of the ball before it collided with the pendulum basket. The conservation of momentum states that the total initial momentum of an isolated system is equal to the total final momentum of the system. The equation for momentum is p = mv, where m is the mass of the ball and v is its velocity.
Before the collision, the momentum of the ball is simply equal to its mass times its velocity:
p_i = mv
After the collision, the momentum of the pendulum is equal to the mass of the ball plus the mass of the pendulum basket times the final velocity of the pendulum:
p_f = (m + M)v_f
Setting the initial and final momenta equal to each other and solving for v, we get:
mv = (m + M)v_f
v = (m + M)v_f / m
So, by measuring the mass of the ball and basket, the maximum height of the pendulum, and the final velocity of the pendulum, you can use the conservation of energy and conservation of momentum to determine the initial velocity of the ball and the pendulum.
Speed of each bullet depending on the mass are:-
m (kg) v (m / s)
0.05 41.58
0.10 21.78
0.15 15.18
0.20 11.88
0.25 9.90
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Question - Using a balance, determine the mass of the ball and basket of the ballistic pendulum. Fire the ballistic pendulum and measure the maximum height the pendulum reaches. Use the conservation of energy (initial KE + initial GPE = final KE + final GPE; KE = ½mv2; GPE = mgh) to calculate the initial speed of the pendulum after the ball has collided with the pendulum basket. Next, use the conservation of momentum (total initial p = total final p; p = mv) to determine the initial speed of the ball before it collided with the pendulum basket.