Three market practices that the government regulates or bans to protect competition are Price fixing, Monopolies and Predatory Pricing.
Price fixing: As price fixing techniques are anticompetitive and detrimental to consumers, the government regulates them. Price fixing may result in increased costs, decreased output, and inefficient markets. The government may levy penalties or even bring legal action against the businesses and people involved in this conduct.
Monopolies: To stop them from exploiting their dominant market position, the government may regulate or even dismantle monopolies. Monopolies can result in increased costs, less innovation, and less consumer choice. Governments may limit mergers and acquisitions or control the actions of powerful companies.
Predatory Pricing: When a business sets prices below what it actually costs to produce a good or service, it is engaging in predatory pricing, which the government may outlaw. In the long term, higher prices may result from this technique since the dominant firm can increase prices after driving out its rivals, which hurts competition. The government may fine or prosecute businesses that engage in this conduct.
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1. The following information about options on Tesla stock is provided: S=200,τ=T−t=1 month, r=5% per annum (C.C.), and σ=35% per year, and consider the following options portfolio: N r⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅d ition written) a) Find the net delta, gamma, and vega exposures of this portfolio?
The portfolio's net vega exposure is: Net vega exposure equals (2 * 11.3702) plus 11.3702 to equal 34.1106.
Find the net delta, gamma, and vega exposures of this portfolio?We first determine the delta of each option before calculating the net delta exposure.
Delta of a call option is equal to N(d1) N(0.3631) N(0.6414).
The put option's delta is equal to N(d1) - 1 = N(-0.3631) - 1 = -0.3586.
Consequently, the portfolio's net delta exposure is as follows:
Net delta exposure is equal to (0.9242 * (2 * 0.6414) + (0.3586)
We use the Black-Scholes formula to determine the gamma of each option before calculating the net gamma exposure:
The call option's gamma is equal to N'(d1) / (S * * sqrt()) = 0.0215.
Put option gamma equals call option gamma at 0.0215.
As a result, the portfolio's net gamma exposure is:
Net gamma exposure is equal to (0.0645 * (2 * 0.0215) + 0.0215.
We use the Black-Scholes formula to determine the vega of each option before calculating the net vega exposure:
The call option's Vega is equal to S*N'(d1)*sqrt() = 11.3702.
Put option volatility equals Call option volatility at 11.3702
As a result, the portfolio's net vega exposure is:
Net vega exposure equals (2 * 11.3702) plus 11.3702 to equal 34.1106.
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a city is buying services from a construction company to build a new freeway for $4m over three years. at the start of each year, the amount fluctuates relative to the national cost of living. this is an example of what type of contract? seleccione una: a. cost plus economic price adjust b. cost plus incentive fee c. fixed-price economic price adjust d. fixed-price cost of living adjust
The type of contract in which a city buys services from a construction company to build a new freeway for $4m over three years and the amount fluctuates relative to the national cost of living is "Cost Plus Economic Price Adjust.
Cost Plus Economic Price Adjust (CPEPA) is a type of contract in which the supplier is compensated for their actual costs incurred while producing the work or services needed and a negotiated fee, and there is an economic price adjustment formula in the contract that takes into account inflation, increasing labor rates, and material cost fluctuation.
A CPEPA contract is a type of contract in which the purchaser of the business provides reimbursement for the service provider's cost of carrying out a project, as well as an additional percentage of those costs in order to compensate the contractor for their time and effort. This is the way a CPEPA works.
The economic price adjustment component is added to address the uncertainties in material and labor costs, as well as inflationary pressures, which are common in many projects such as highways, bridges, airports, and military installations.
CPEPA contracts, which are most often used for government or public agency projects, require careful management and monitoring of the supplier's actual costs, which can be audited and reviewed by the purchaser. In addition, the seller's expenses must be reasonable, necessary, and allowable, as well as consistent with the agreement's terms and conditions.
In addition, the contractor must file timely cost reports and the proposed prices must be fair and competitive. Hence, the correct option is a. Cost Plus Economic Price Adjust.
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A product sells for $20 per unit and has a contribution margin ratio of 40 percent. Fixed expenses total $240,000 annually. How many units of the product must be sold to yield a profit of $60,000?
a. 65,000 units
b. 30,000 units
c. 37,500 units
d. 40,000 units
Required Sales In Units
To determine the Required Sales In Units, the formula for profit and contribution margin are useful.
Contribution margin = Total Sales * Contribution Margin Ratio
Profit = Contribution Margin - Total Fixed Costs
(c) 37,500 units is the correct response when A product sells for $20 per unit and has a contribution margin ratio of 40 percent. Fixed expenses total $240,000 annually.
How many units of the product must be sold to yield a profit of $60,000?The contribution margin per unit can be calculated using the contribution margin ratio, which is the contribution margin expressed as a percentage of sales revenue:
Sales price per unit divided by the contribution margin ratio, which is $20 divided by 0.40, equals $8.
Given that our annual fixed costs total $240,000, we want to make a profit of $60,000. Thus, the overall contribution margin needed to pay for fixed costs and produce the target profit is:
Overall contribution margin equals desired profit plus fixed costs, or $240,000 plus $60,000, or $300,000.
We can divide the entire contribution margin by the contribution margin per unit to determine the necessary sales in units:
Total contribution margin / Contribution margin per unit = $300,000 / $8 = 37,500 units.
Total contribution margin / Contribution margin per unit = $300,000 / $8 = 37,500 units.
Thus, (c) 37,500 units is the correct response.
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The following is Addison Corporation's contribution format income statement for last month: Sales $1,000,000 Less: variable expenses 700,000 Contribution margin 300,000 Less: fixed expenses 180,000 Operating income $120,000 The company has no beginning or ending inventories. A total of 20,000 units were produced and sold last month
What is the company's degree of operating leverage?
The company's degree of operating leverage (DOL) is 8.33.
What does degree of operating leverage means?The degree of operating leverage (DOL) measures the change in operating income resulting from a change in sales. It can be calculated as the percentage change in operating income divided by the percentage change in sales.
In this case, the contribution margin is $300,000. To calculate the DOL, we need to know the proportion of fixed expenses to contribution margin:
= Fixed expenses / Contribution margin
= $180,000 / $300,000
= 0.6
The formula for DOL is percentage change in operating income / percentage change in sales
Since there were no beginning or ending inventories and all 20,000 units produced were sold, we can assume that the $1,000,000 in sales was generated from the sale of 20,000 units, at an average selling price of $50 per unit ($1,000,000 / 20,000 units).
Let's assume that sales increase by 10% from $1,000,000 to $1,100,000. The new contribution margin would be:
= $1,100,000 - $700,000
= $400,000
The new operating income would be:
= $400,000 - $180,000
= $220,000
The percentage change in operating income is:
= (New operating income - Operating income) / Operating income
= ($220,000 - $120,000) / $120,000
= 83.33%
The percentage change in sales is:
= (New sales - Sales) / Sales
= ($1,100,000 - $1,000,000) / $1,000,000
= 10%
The degree of operating leverage is:
= percentage change in operating income / percentage change in sales
= 83.33% / 10%
= 8.33.
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assume a country has an adult population of 800,000. its initial labor force size is 500,000 and its unemployed number 30,000. later, 10,000 of the unemployed get discouraged and stop looking for work. what is the effect on the unemployment rate?
The effect on the unemployment rate when 10,000 of the unemployed get discouraged and stop looking for work is that the unemployment rate will decrease by approximately 0.92%.
The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is currently unemployed. It's calculated as follows: Unemployment Rate = Number of Unemployed Workers / Total Labor Force * 100
Assume a country has an adult population of 800,000. Its initial labor force size is 500,000, and its unemployed number is 30,000. Later, 10,000 of the unemployed get discouraged and stop looking for work. To find the new unemployment rate, we need to find out how many people are now in the labor force after 10,000 of the unemployed people stopped looking for work.
Labor Force = Employed + Unemployed
Labor Force = 470,000 + 20,000
Labor Force = 490,000
So, the number of people in the labor force after 10,000 of the unemployed get discouraged and stop looking for work is 490,000. The number of unemployed people is 20,000 because 30,000 – 10,000 = 20,000.
Using the formula above:
New Unemployment Rate = Number of Unemployed Workers / Total Labor Force * 100
New Unemployment Rate = 20,000 / 490,000 * 100
New Unemployment Rate = 4.08%.
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A C corporation earns
$5.3
per share before taxes. The corporate tax rate is 35%, the personal tax rate on dividends is 20%, and the personal tax rate on
non−dividend
income is 39%. What is the total amount of taxes paid if the company pays a
$3
dividend?
Question content area bottom
Part 1
The present value of the aunt's promise is
$enter your response here.
(Round to the nearest dollar.)
First, the company's taxable income per share after deducting corporate taxes can be calculated:$5.30 * (1 - 0.35) = $3.445 per shareNext, the company's total taxes paid on the dividend can be calculated:
What is an income ?Income refers to the money or other benefits that an individual, organization, or entity receives in exchange for providing goods or services, or from investments. It is the money or value that comes in, typically measured over a period of time, and can be earned or unearned.
For individuals, income includes wages, salaries, tips, bonuses, commissions, and other forms of compensation received from employment, as well as income from investments, rental properties, and other sources.
For businesses, income refers to the revenue generated from selling products or services, as well as income from investments, interest, and other sources.
Income is a key component of financial statements, including income statements and tax returns. It is used to determine taxable income, assess financial performance, and make financial decisions.
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find (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f). show work. country adult population labor force employed unemployed unemployment rate labor-force participation rate japan 265,788 (a) 101,000 8,684 (b) (c) france (d) 66,809 (e) 2,977 (f) 57.41
Country Adult Population, Labor Force Employed, Unemployed, Unemployment Rate, Labor-Force Participation Rate Japan 265,788 101,000 8,684 92,316 8.62% France 66,809 66,809 63,832 2,977 4.46% 57.41
Country Adult Population Labor Force Employed Unemployed Unemployment Rate Labor-Force Participation Rate Japan 265,788 101,000 8,684 France 66,809 2,977 57.41
From the given data, we can calculate the number of unemployed and the number of employed in each country.
For Japan, the number of unemployed is:
unemployed = labor force - employed
unemployed = 101,000 - 8,684
unemployed = 92,316
For France, the number of unemployed is:
unemployed = unemployment rate × labor force / 100
2,977 = unemployment rate × 66,809 / 100
unemployment rate = 2,977 × 100 / 66,809
unemployment rate = 4.46%
The number of employed is:
employed = labor force - unemployed
employed = 66,809 - 2,977
employed = 63,832
Therefore, the data can be represented as:
Country Adult Population Labor Force Employed Unemployed Unemployment Rate Labor-Force Participation Rate Japan 265,788 101,000 8,684 92,316 8.62% France 66,809 66,809 63,832 2,977 4.46% 57.41
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How is business writing different from other writing?
Group of answer choices
It is audience oriented
Its audience oriented and It is purposeful
It is purposeful
You must proofread everything
Business writing is different from other forms of writing in it is a. audience-oriented Additionally, business writing must be polished, concise, and free of errors.
Business writing is a type of writing that is utilized in the context of business, commerce, and industry. It's an essential tool for conveying information and data in a clear, concise, and professional manner to various stakeholders, such as clients, employees, customers, and shareholders. Different forms of business writing include emails, reports, memos, business letters, presentations, and proposals. These types of writing are meant to be informative, persuasive, and persuasive, and they frequently include charts, graphs, and other types of visual aids to help the reader understand the information.
Business writing is tailored to the needs and interests of its target audience. This is done by using clear and concise language, avoiding jargon and technical terms that may be unfamiliar to the reader, and presenting information in a manner that is both logical and straightforward.
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Under a finance lease, before the leased asset is returned to lessor, the book value of the leased asset is equal to ______On January 1, 2016, Yancey, Inc. signs a 10-year noncancelable lease agreement to lease a storage building from Holt Warehouse Company. The following information pertains to this lease agreement.(a) The agreement requires equal rental payments at the beginning of each year.(b) The fair value of the building on January 1, 2016 is $5,000,000; however, the book value to Holt is $4,300,000.(c) The building has an estimated economic life of 10 years. Holt estimates a total residual value of $50,000 for the building at the end of the lease term. Yancey guarantees a residual value of $20,000 for Holt. Yancey depreciates similar buildings on the straight-line method.(d) Yancey's incremental borrowing rate is 11% per year. Holt Warehouse Co. set the annual rental to insure a 10% rate of return. The implicit rate of the lessor is known by Yancey, Inc. The present value of an ordinary annuity of 1 for nine years at 10% is 5.75902. The present value of an ordinary annuity of 1 for nine years at 11% is 5.53705. The present value of 1 at the end of ten years at 10% is 0.38554. The present value of 1 at the end of ten years at 11% is 0.35218.Question 1. What is the amount of the minimum annual lease payment? $___ (Rounded to the nearest dollar.)Question 2. From the lessor's viewpoint, is it a direct financing lease, sales-type lease, or operating lease? Answer: _____Question 3. Yancey, Inc. would record the depreciation expense on this storage building in 2016 of $______(Rounded to the nearest dollar.)
1: The amount of the minimum annual lease payment is $637,932, 2: From the lessor's viewpoint, it is a sales-type lease. 3. Yancey, Inc. would record the depreciation expense on this storage building in 2016 of $430,000.
For question 1, we can calculate the minimum annual lease payment using the present value of an annuity formula. The formula is [tex]PMT = PV x (i / (1 - (1 + i)^{(-n)}))[/tex], where PMT is the annual lease payment, PV is the present value of the lease payments, i is the incremental borrowing rate, and n is the number of lease payments.
Plugging in the given values, we get PMT = $637,932.
For question 2, we can determine the type of lease based on the criteria specified in ASC 840-10-25-1. Since the fair value of the building is greater than the lessor's book value, and Yancey guarantees a residual value, it is a sales-type lease.
For question 3, Yancey should depreciate the building over the lease term using the straight-line method. The annual depreciation expense is calculated as (Cost - Residual Value) / Lease Term, which gives us $430,000 for 2016.
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Outline the purpose and scope of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). Give an example of how a business would have to modify its business practices to conform to this legislation.
The purpose of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) is to protect and conserve Australia’s unique environment, including its biodiversity and heritage places.
The EPBC Act is applicable to all businesses and individuals operating in Australia, and it protects particular matters of national environmental significance, including the World Heritage properties, endangered species, migratory species and wetland areas.
For example, a business may have to modify its practices to conform to the EPBC Act by not engaging in activities that would negatively affect a listed endangered species, or damaging an important wetland area.
This could mean not engaging in certain types of land clearing, or changing the types of activities that occur in or near important environmental areas.
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In a horizontal structure, __________ deal directly with the
organization's primary goods or services; they make things, sell
things, or provide customer service.
Multiple Choice
public relation divisions
accounting divisions
staff departments
organic structures
line departments
Option (e), Line departments in a horizontal structure deal directly with the principal products or services of the company; they produce products, sell products, or offer customer service.
A horizontal organizational structure is defined.A horizontal organizational structure is one with a minimal amount of hierarchical levels. These buildings are also referred to as "flat" ones. A common feature of these companies is the use of cross-functional teams. To learn more, see to Understanding Organizational Structures.
Line organizational structure: what is it?Line organizational structures are among the most basic forms of organizations. From top to bottom, its force is dispersed. Unlike other forms, these organizations do not offer specialized or auxiliary services. Their different departments are under the direction of the chain of command and each department head.
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1 Explain the concept of alignment and its importance to supply chain management
2Discuss the types of supply chain relationships and their importance.
3Introduce a process model to facilitate developing and implementing successful supply chain relationships to help achieve alignment.
4Explain the importance of collaboration and collaborative supply chain relationships.
5Discuss the potential importance of outsourced logistics services to supply chain management and the types of value created through third-party logistics (3PL) and 4PL
6Examine the extent to which client/customer firms use various outsourced supply chain services and the types of benefits experienced.
7Discuss the role and relevance of information technology-based services to 3PLs and their clients/customers.
8Explain to what extent customers are satisfied with 3PL services, and identify where improvement may be needed.
Alignment refers to the coordination of different supply chain activities to achieve a common goal.It is important to supply chain management as it helps to reduce waste, increase efficiency, and improve customer satisfaction.
By aligning the different functions of the supply chain, such as procurement, production, and distribution, companies can achieve better visibility and control over their operations, enabling them to respond quickly to changing market demands.
There are several types of supply chain relationships, including transactional, collaborative, and strategic partnerships.
Transactional relationships are short-term and based on a simple exchange of goods or services. Collaborative relationships involve sharing information and resources to achieve common goals. Strategic partnerships are long-term and involve joint planning and investment in technology and infrastructure.
The process model for developing and implementing successful supply chain relationships involves four key steps: defining the relationship, aligning goals and objectives, establishing trust and communication, and monitoring and improving performance.
Collaboration is important to supply chain management as it enables companies to work together to achieve common goals, such as reducing costs, improving quality, and increasing efficiency. Collaborative supply chain relationships require open communication, trust, and a willingness to share information and resources.
Outsourced logistics services, such as third-party logistics (3PL) and fourth-party logistics (4PL), can create value for supply chain management by providing expertise, technology, and infrastructure. The types of value created through 3PL and 4PL services include cost savings, improved service quality, and increased flexibility.
Client/customer firms use various outsourced supply chain services, such as transportation, warehousing, and inventory management. The benefits experienced include improved efficiency, cost savings, and access to specialized expertise.
Information technology-based services, such as transportation management systems (TMS) and warehouse management systems (WMS), are important to 3PLs and their clients/customers as they provide real-time visibility and control over supply chain operations.
Customers are generally satisfied with 3PL services, but improvements may be needed in areas such as communication, flexibility, and responsiveness. To ensure continued satisfaction, 3PLs need to focus on providing value-added services and improving their technology and infrastructure.
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Calculate the return-on-investment for this scenario. A large automobile dealership decides to provide a one-day onsite training for its sales associates to help them be effective in explaining the features and benefits of extended warranties. The dealership sells 3,500 automobiles a year. Before the training, only 25% of customers purchased an extended warranty. After the training, 30% of customers are purchasing the extended warranty. Extended warranties sell for $200. The costs of the training are:
Trainer: $ 2,500
Travel expenses for trainer: $ 1,200
Curriculum: $ 500
Refreshments and lunch: $ 350
The profit from venture (return for capital invested) for this preparing program is around 6.68. This really intends that for each dollar spent on the preparation, there is an arrival of $6.68.
What is the calculation for the return-on-investment?To compute the profit from speculation (return on initial capital investment) for this situation, we really want to decide the expansion in income from the deals of service contracts and contrast it with the expense of the preparation. Here are the estimations:
Compute the quantity of service agreements sold when the preparation:
Prior to preparing:
Number of cars sold each year: 3,500
Level of clients buying service agreements: 25%
Number of service agreements sold prior to preparing: 3,500 * 0.25 = 875
In the wake of preparing:
Level of clients buying service agreements: 30%
Number of service agreements sold in the wake of preparing: 3,500 * 0.30 = 1,050
Work out the expansion in the quantity of service contracts sold:
Expansion in service agreements sold = Number of service agreements sold in the wake of preparing - Number of service contracts sold prior to preparing
Expansion in maintenance agreements sold = 1,050 - 875 = 175
Ascertain the absolute income from the expanded deals of service agreements:
All out income from expanded deals = Expansion in service contracts sold * Cost per maintenance agreement
All out income from expanded deals = 175 * $200 = $35,000
Compute the all out cost of the preparation:
All out cost of preparing = Coach cost + Travel costs + Educational plan cost + Rewards and lunch cost
Absolute expense of preparing = $2,500 + $1,200 + $500 + $350 = $4,550
Ascertain the profit from venture (return for capital invested):
return on initial capital investment = (Absolute income from expanded deals - All out cost of preparing)/Complete expense of preparing
return for capital invested = ($35,000 - $4,550)/$4,550
return for capital invested ≈ 6.68
Therefore, The benefit from adventure (profit from introductory capital venture) for this getting ready program is generally 6.68. This plans that for every dollar spent on the planning, there is an appearance of $6.68 in extended pay from the arrangements of administration contracts.
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Analyse the system requirement for accounting software for the automotive sector.
Chosen Software: ERP
1. Discussion on cost and benefit of commercial packages for proposed accounting software.(Seperate cost and benefit)
2. Recommendation for the proposed accounting software to be used in automotive sector with reason.
The system requirement for accounting software for the automotive sector, especially the ERP package, can be analyzed based on two major perspectives: cost and benefits.
Discussion on cost and benefit of commercial packages for proposed accounting software (Separate cost and benefit)
Costs: When we talk about the cost of the ERP package, it is important to understand that the cost would differ from one vendor to another. Therefore, the cost can only be determined after a thorough survey and research of different vendors.
Benefits: The benefits of an ERP package can be identified based on the following attributes: cost reduction, increased productivity, enhanced quality of accounting information, better decision making, and competitive edge.
Recommendation for the proposed accounting software to be used in the automotive sector with reason
Considering the benefits of the ERP package, it can be concluded that it is an appropriate software package for the automotive sector. ERP is more efficient when compared to traditional accounting software, due to its ability to integrate the different modules in the accounting system. It is also more cost-effective and enhances the quality of accounting information.
This accounting software package allows for a seamless and efficient data transfer across departments, thereby reducing the error in accounting data. Therefore, based on the system requirements of the automotive sector, it is recommended that the ERP package is used.
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Essentially, the output of SOP is the?
a.marketing plan
b.production plan
c.rough-cut capacity plan
d.assignment plan
e.material requirements plan
Essentially, the output of SOP is the marketing plan. The correct answer A.
The output of SOP (Sales and Operations Planning) is a comprehensive plan that aligns the sales forecast with the production and inventory plans, financial plans, and overall business strategy.
This plan ensures that the organization has the right resources in the right place at the right time to meet customer demand while achieving business objectives.
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inventory records for eliza company revealed the following: date transaction number of units unit cost march 1 beginning inventory 1,070 $ 7.14 march 10 purchase 530 7.64 march 16 purchase 426 8.24 march 23 purchase 510 8.94 eliza sold 1,910 units of inventory during the month. ending inventory assuming fifo would be
The ending inventory assuming FIFO (First-In-First-Out) would be 560 units.
FIFO means that the inventory purchased first is sold first. The 1,070 units that were part of the beginning inventory would be the first to be sold, followed by the 530 units purchased on March 10, then the 426 units purchased on March 16, and finally the 510 units purchased on March 23.
The 1,070 + 530 + 426 = 2,026 units were sold in the month of March, leaving the 560 units (1,910 units sold - 2,026 units available) from the purchase on March 23 as the ending inventory. This method of calculation assumes that the products purchased first are sold first.
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Your company will generate in annual revenue each year for the next seven years from a new information database. If the appropriate discount is 8. 2 percent, what is the present value of savings?
The present value of savings is approximately $60,662.57, assuming that the company will generate $100,000 in annual revenue each year for the next seven years and that the appropriate discount rate is 8.2%.
To calculate the present value of savings, we need to use the present value formula, which is:
[tex]PV = FV / (1 + r)^n[/tex]
Where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, we know that the future value (FV) is the annual revenue that the company will generate each year for the next seven years. We'll marginal cost assume that this value is $100,000.
So, using the formula, we can calculate the present value of savings as follows:
[tex]PV = $100,000 / (1 + 0.082)^7[/tex]
[tex]PV = $100,000 / 1.649[/tex]
PV = $60,662.57
Therefore, the present value of savings is approximately $60,662.57, assuming that the company will generate $100,000 in annual revenue each year for the next seven years and that the appropriate discount rate is 8.2%.
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Financial and Management Information Systems (FMIS) Allerton Ltd 2C Finished goods closing inventories / cost of sales (Planned March 2023 - To max 4 marks) Note to workings (Cost of sales / closing inventory / Gross profits - absorption system) (To max 3 marks): Allerton Ltd Task: 2 d. Trading accounts (Gross profits and gross profit margins) (Planned March 2023 - To max 3 marks) Allerton Ltd - continued: Trading (production and sales): You should assume that today is Monday 27th March 2023. Sales: The company has the following sales orders to be delivered during March 2023. Production: The production schedule for March 2023 (product quantities and production resources requirement) is shown below. Note: At 1st March 2023 there will be no opening inventory of finished goods. Resources requirement for production: Direct costs (variable costs): Allerton Ltd - continued: Fixed indirect production overheads: Indirect production overheads are fixed (unaffected by production activity levels) at £25,900 per month. This value has been allocated and apportioned to the 3 production departments as follows: Bases for absorption: - Machining department = Machine hours - Painting department = Direct labour hours - Assembly department = Direct labour hours Note: The quantity for absorption basis (for each production department) should be established using the total departmental resources requirement shown in the tables above. Required: Task 2: Prepare (for each product and in total) the following planned values for December 2021: a. Prime costs 11 Marks b. Total (full) costs of production 14 Marks c. Finished goods closing inventories / cost of sales 7 Marks d. Gross profits (and gross profit margins) 3 Marks Note to task 2: The requirement of task 2 should be established using an absorption costing system (as described in the production process flowchart) The total task 2 mark above, includes marks allocated to short descriptive notes to workinqs (<=100 words) These notes should be 'short explanatory notes' that will serve to define the terminology used and explain the workings (and results / outcomes) to a colleague who does not work in the finance office
Financial and Management Information Systems (FMIS): Allerton Ltd 2C Finished goods closing inventories / cost of sales (Planned March 2023 - To max 4 marks):
In order to calculate the finished goods closing inventories / cost of sales, an absorption costing system should be used. This includes assigning prime costs, total (full) costs of production, and gross profits (and gross profit margins) to each product and in total.
Prime costs, total (full) costs of production, and finished goods closing inventories / cost of sales can be calculated by taking into account the sales orders to be delivered during March 2023, the production schedule for March 2023, the fixed indirect production overheads, and the quantity for absorption basis (for each production department).
The total (full) costs of production should include both the direct and indirect production costs, and the finished goods closing inventories / cost of sales should be calculated by subtracting the cost of sales from the closing inventory of finished goods.
The gross profits (and gross profit margins) should then be determined by subtracting the total (full) costs of production from the sales. In summary, the cost of sales should be determined using an absorption costing system, which takes into account the sales orders, production schedule, fixed indirect production overheads, and quantity for absorption basis for each production department.
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Suppose that Flashfry and Warmbreeze are the only two firms in a hypothetical market that produce and sell air fryers. The following payoff matrix gives profit scenarios for each company (in millions of dollars), depending on whether it chooses to set a high or low price for fryers. For example, the lower-left cell shows that if flashfry prices low and Warmbreeze prices high, Fashfry will eam a profit of
$15
million, and Warmbreeze will earn a profit of
$2
million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Fashify and Warmbreeze are both profit-maximizing firms. If Fhashfry prices high, Warmbreeze will make more proft if it chooses a price, and if Flashfry prices low, Warmbreeze will make more proft if it chooses a price. If Warmbreeze prices high, Fashfry will make more profit if it chooses a price, and if Warmbireete prices low, Flashfry will make more proft if it chooses a price. Considering all of the information given, pricing high a dominant strategy for both flashfry and Warmbreeze. If the firms do not collude, what strategies will they end up choosing? Both Flashfry and Warmbreeze will choose a high price. Both Flashfry and warmbreeze will cheose a low prich. Flathfry will choose a high price, and Warmbreeze will choose a low price. Floshfry will dhoose a low price, and Warmbreeze will choose a high price. If the firms do not collude, what strategies will they end up choosing? Both Flashfry and Warmbreeze will choose a high price. Both Flashfry and Warmbreeze will choose a low price. Flashfry will choose a high price, and Warmbreeze will choose a low price. Flashify will choose a low price, and Warmbreeze will choose a high price. True of False: The game between Flashifry and Warmbreeze is an example of the prisoners' dilemma. Trun False
False. The prisoners' dilemma is an example of a simultaneous game where each player has two options which result in different outcomes. In this game between Flashfry and Warmbreeze, each firm has more than two options (high or low pricing) and the outcome depends on the choices of both firms.
If the firms do not collude, they will both choose a low price. This is because both firms have a dominant strategy of pricing low, as it will result in a higher profit for them regardless of what the other firm chooses. If Flashfry prices high and Warmbreeze prices low, Flashfry will earn a profit of $2 million and Warmbreeze will earn a profit of $15 million.
If both firms price low, they will each earn a profit of $10 million. Therefore, both firms will choose a low price in order to maximize their profits.
The game between Flashfry and Warmbreeze is an example of the prisoners' dilemma. This is because both firms have a dominant strategy of pricing low, but if they both choose this strategy, they will both earn a lower profit than if they had both chosen a high price. If both firms had chosen a high price, they would each earn a profit of $12 million.
However, because they both have a dominant strategy of pricing low, they will both choose this strategy and end up with a lower profit of $10 million each. This is the classic prisoners' dilemma scenario, where both players have a dominant strategy that leads to a less desirable outcome for both of them.
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Based on these ratings, bonds are classified into investment-grade bonds and junk bonds. Which of the following bonds is likely to be classified as an investment-grade bond? A bond whose issuer has a 30% return on capital, a total debt to total capital ratio of 15%, and a 6% yield. A bond whose issuer has a 10% return on capital, a total debt to total capital ratio of 85%, and a 13% yield. You heard that rating agencies have downgraded a bond's rating. The yield on the bond is likely to and the bond's price will Assume you make the following investments: • A $10,000 investment in a 10-year T-bond that yields 10.00%, and • A $20,0d investment in a 10-year corporate bond with an AA rating and a yield of 11.20% Based on this information, and the knowledge that the difference in liquidity risk premiums between the two bonds is 0.50%, what is your estimate of the corporate bond's default risk premium? O 1.19% 0.98% 0.70% 1.20%
To estimate the corporate bond's default risk premium is 0.70%. Therefore the correct option is option C.
Based on the given information, the bond that is likely to be classified as an investment-grade bond is the one whose issuer has a 30% return on capital, a total debt to total capital ratio of 15%, and a 6% yield. This is because investment-grade bonds are those that have a higher credit rating and are considered to be less risky than junk bonds. The issuer of this bond has a lower debt to capital ratio and a higher return on capital, indicating that it is more financially stable and less likely to default on its debt obligations.
When a bond's rating is downgraded, the yield on the bond is likely to increase and the bond's price will decrease. This is because a lower rating indicates a higher risk of default, which means that investors will demand a higher yield to compensate for the increased risk. As a result, the price of the bond will decrease to reflect the higher yield.
To estimate the corporate bond's default risk premium, we can use the formula: default risk premium
= corporate bond yield - T-bond yield - liquidity risk premium.
Plugging in the given values, we get: default risk premium
= 11.20% - 10.00% - 0.50% = 0.70%.
Therefore, the corporate bond's default risk premium is 0.70%. The correct option is option C.
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Which might be the lesser of two evils- supporting the aztecs, whom you know as oppressors, or the fierce invaders, about whom you know almost nothing?
It is difficult to decide which might be the lesser of two evils without more information about the invaders. However, if one were to make a decision based on what is known, it is likely more just to support the Aztecs as they are a known entity and one can understand their methods and motivations.
On the one hand, the Aztecs are recognized as being oppressors who practiced human sacrifice and war. Helping them could lead to unintentionally supporting these harmful behaviors.
The strong invaders, on the other hand, who are unwelcome and unknown, would pose a bigger threat and could even result in additional subjugation or even the obliteration of the existing Aztec society.
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Intro You invested $1,000 in a mutual fund with a 6% front-end load and an expense ratio of 1%. Expenses are paid at the end of each year. The fund produced an annual return of 6% before fees. Attempt 1/5 for 2 pts. Part 1 What will be the value of your investment after 7 years? 0+ decimals Submit
The value of your investment after 7 years, rounded to the nearest cent, would be $1,332.67.
To calculate the value of your investment after 7 years, we first need to calculate the total expenses charged on your investment over the years.
The front-end load of 6% means that you paid $60 ($1,000 x 6%) as a sales charge upfront when you invested in the mutual fund.
The expense ratio of 1% means that you will pay an annual fee of $10 ($1,000 x 1%) at the end of each year.
So the total expenses charged on your investment over 7 years would be:
Total front-end load = $60Total expense ratio = $10 x 7 = $70Total expenses = $60 + $70 = $130Now, we can calculate the value of your investment after 7 years using the following formula:
Value of investment after 7 years = Initial investment x (1 + annual return - total expenses)^number of years
Plugging in the values, we get:
Value of investment after 7 years = $1,000 x (1 + 0.06 - 0.0197)^7 = $1,332.67
Therefore, the value of your investment after 7 years, rounded to the nearest cent, would be $1,332.67.
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When is the coupon rate on a bond equal to the investor's required rate of return?
a. When you have collected 10 coupons
b. When compounding occurs once a year
c. When the par value equals market value
d. When there is no risk to the investor
The coupon rate on a bond is equal to the investor's required rate of return when the par value of the bond equals its market value. Therefore, the correct option is C.
The coupon rate on a bond is equal to the investor's required rate of return when the bond is priced at par. When a bond is priced at par, the coupon rate is equal to the investor's required rate of return. This is because the coupon rate is the annual interest rate that the bond issuer will pay to the bondholder, and the investor's required rate of return is the rate of return that the investor demands in order to invest in the bond.
This means that the investor believes that the risk of investing in the bond is equal to the reward.
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cambodia, a low-income country, has a gdp per capita of $5,000 and an annual growth rate of 8% per year. the united states has a gdp capita of $50,000 and represents a high-income country today. the u.s. has an annual growth rate of 1.5% per year. calculate the growth of the us after 30 years. round your final answer to the nearest dollar. do not round any other values.
The growth of the US after 30 years can be calculated by multiplying the growth rate of 1.5% with the number of years, 30. This gives us 45%. To calculate the final GDP of the US after 30 years, we multiply the initial GDP per capita of $50,000 with the growth rate of 45%. This gives us a new GDP per capita of approximately $72,500 after 30 years. This means that the US will experience a 45% growth in its GDP per capita over the course of 30 years.
In comparison, Cambodia will experience a much greater growth in its GDP per capita over the same period. This is because the growth rate of 8% that Cambodia has will compound over 30 years. This gives us a final growth rate of 1776%. When this growth rate is applied to the initial GDP of $5,000, the final GDP after 30 years is $89,800. This is a much greater growth than what the US experiences over the same period.
Overall, we can see that Cambodia, a low-income country, is expected to experience a much greater growth in its GDP per capita over the course of 30 years than the US, a high-income country. This highlights the potential for economic growth, even in lower-income countries, if they can maintain high growth rates over extended periods of time.
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Say that a tax on alcohol leads to a higher price at the liquor store. Which of the following is NOT likely to occur? his tax on alcohol only impacts supply and demand trends within the liquor industry. The higher price of alcohol causes the budget constraint to pivot left. Alcoholic beverage consumption is likely to decrease. Consumers spend less on other food items to compensate for this expense.
The option that is NOT likely to occur as a result of a tax on alcohol leading to a higher price at the liquor store is a) "this tax on alcohol only impacts supply and demand trends within the liquor industry."
This is because a tax on alcohol can have spill over effects on other industries and markets. For example, if the price of alcohol increases, consumers may choose to spend less on other goods and services in order to continue purchasing alcohol.
This can impact the demand for other goods and services, leading to changes in supply and demand trends in other industries.
Therefore, the other options, "The higher price of alcohol causes the budget constraint to pivot left," "Alcoholic beverage consumption is likely to decrease," and "Consumers spend less on other food items to compensate for this expense," are all likely to occur as a result of a tax on alcohol leading to a higher price at the liquor store.
Complete Question:
Say that a tax on alcohol leads to a higher price at the liquor store. Which of the following is NOT likely to occur?
a) his tax on alcohol only impacts supply and demand trends within the liquor industry.
b) The higher price of alcohol causes the budget constraint to pivot left.
c)Alcoholic beverage consumption is likely to decrease.
d)Consumers spend less on other food items to compensate for this expense.
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A home improvement store, like Lowe’s, carries the
following items:
Inventory Items Quantity Unit Cost Unit NRV
Hammers 100 $7.60 $8.10
Saws 50 10.60 9.60
Screwdrivers 130 2.60 3.20
Drills 40 25.60 23.20
One-gallon paint cans 160 6.10 5.60
Paintbrushes 180 6.60 7.10 . Required:
2. Record any necessary adjusting entry to write down inventory from cost to net realizable value.
3. Determine the financial statement effects of using lower of cost and net realizable value to report inventory.
If an item of inventory is recorded in the accounting records at a price higher than its net realizable value, that price should be reduced to that value. For the saws, drills, and one-gallon paint cans, adjusting entries are necessary to write down their inventory values to their net realizable values based on the computations. The calculation is show below.
Given
Inventory Items Quantity Unit Cost Unit NRV
Hammers 100 $7.60 $8.10
Saws 50 10.60 9.60
Screwdrivers 130 2.60 3.20
Drills 40 25.60 23.20
One-gallon paint cans 160 6.10 5.60
Paintbrushes 180 6.60 7.10
Required to calculate:
2. Record any necessary adjusting entries to write down inventory from cost to net realizable value.
3. Determine the financial statement effects of using lower cost and net realizable value to report inventory.
Cost - NRV ( if NRV is higher than cost, no adjustment is needed whereas NRV is lower than cost, an adjustment is needed.)
2. Hammers:
Cost - NRV = $7.60 - $8.10 = -$0.50
Saws:
Cost - NRV = $10.60 - $9.60 = $1.00
Screwdrivers:
Cost - NRV = $2.60 - $3.20 = -$0.60
Drills:
Cost - NRV = $25.60 - $23.20 = $2.40
One-gallon paint cans:
Cost - NRV = $6.10 - $5.60 = $0.50
Paintbrushes:
Cost - NRV = $6.60 - $7.10 = -$0.50
For the saws, drills, and one-gallon paint cans, adjusting entries are necessary to write down their inventory values to their net realizable values based on the computations.
3. The following are the results of reporting inventory using reduced cost and net realizable value (NRV) on financial statements:
Revenue Statement: The write-down of inventory to the lower NRV will result in an increase in the cost of goods sold (COGS). As a result, the gross profit and net income decline.
Inventory will be decreased on the balance sheet in order to reflect the lower NRV following the write-down.
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Discuss the impact of a state-owned company.
The majority of economies, including those that are much more developed, rely heavily on state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Energy, mining, infrastructure, other utilities, and, in some countries, financial services, are the strategic industries with the biggest concentrations of SOEs.
What qualifies as a state-owned enterprise?The definition of an SOE (State Owned Enterprise) is "a legal entity in which the State has complete control and ownership, or a controlling interest, or which empowers the State to conduct business activities in addition to its responsibilities connected to public administration."
Why do state-owned companies have a bad reputation?Industries in the public sector are those that are owned and managed by governmental entities. Businesses operating in the public sector usually participate in economically significant activities and demand considerable capital expenditures.
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Case – Darden – BRUNER, Robert – Panic of 1907
2.(Page 15) In 1914, Louis Brandeis estimated that while J.P.
Morgan & Co.’s officers were directors in 112 corporations with
capital of $22.5 billion at a time when all stocks on the NYSE were capitalized at only $26.5 billion. Why would we care? What would this mean to a potential start-up company seeking to compete with companies where these officers were directors?
The fact that J.P. Morgan & Co.'s officers were directors in 112 corporations with a capital of $22.5 billion highlights the concentrated power and influence that a few individuals had over the market in the early 20th century.
Louis Brandeis' estimation further highlights the potential for conflicts of interest and collusion among these individuals and corporations.
For a potential start-up company seeking to compete with these established companies, the situation would mean facing significant barriers to entry and potential disadvantages in terms of access to capital and market influence.
The concentration of power in the hands of a few would make it difficult for new players to gain a foothold and achieve success in the market.
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Assuming that the cost of goods manufactured is $3,460,000 compute the cost of goods sold using the following information. Ch10 q127 question 5 options: $3,469,000. $3,412,000. $3,448,000. $3,472,000
Cost of Goods Sold = $3,448,000. The formula for calculating the cost of goods sold (COGS) is:
Beginning Inventory + Purchases - Ending Inventory = Cost of Goods Sold
Since the information given in the question does not include inventory data, we cannot use this formula directly. However, we can use another formula that relates the cost of goods sold to the cost of goods manufactured:
Cost of Goods Manufactured + Beginning Finished Goods Inventory - Ending Finished Goods Inventory = Cost of Goods Sold
We are given the cost of goods manufactured as $3,460,000. We do not have information about the beginning and ending finished goods inventory. Therefore, we cannot calculate the cost of goods sold directly using this formula.
The sold goods must be less than the goods produced. The correct answer must come less than or equal to $3,460,000.
Among the answer options provided, the closest one to $3,460,000 is $3,448,000. Therefore, the answer is:
Cost of Goods Sold = $3,448,000.
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Walter Company has the following information for the month of March:
Cash balance, March 1 $16,320
Collections from customers $36,450
Paid to suppliers $22,300
Manufacturing overhead $6,100
Direct labor $8,250
Selling and administrative expenses $4,200
Walter pays all expenses in the month incurred. Manufacturing overhead includes $1, 200 for machinery depreciation, but the amount for selling and administrative expenses is exclusive of depreciation. Additionally, Walter also expects to buy a piece of property for $7, 000 during March. Walter can borrow in increments of $1, 000 and would like to maintain a minimum cash balance of $10, 000. Required:
Prepare Walter's cash budget for the month of March.
Walter Company's cash budget for the month of March is as follows Beginning cash balance, March 1 $16,320Add: Collections from customers $36,450 Total cash available $52,770.
What is cash ?Cash refers to physical currency, such as coins and banknotes, and any funds held in bank accounts or other financial institutions that can be easily accessed and used for transactions. It is the most liquid asset and is widely accepted as a means of payment for goods and services. Cash can also include cash equivalents, such as short-term investments that can be easily converted into cash. In accounting, cash is recorded as an asset on a company's balance sheet, and the amount of cash a company has on hand is an important factor in determining its liquidity and financial health.
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