Four kinds of hazards that are caused by the volcanoes are lava flow, floods or tsunami, landslides, and volcanic earthquakes.
Volcanoes emits the hot, dangerous gases, ash, lava, and rocks which can be powerfully destructive. People have been dying from the volcanic blasts. Volcanic eruptions results in the additional menances to the health, such as floods, power outages, water contamination, and wildfires.
Ash exposure can be harmful to infants, elderly people, and people with respiratory conditions such as asthma, emphysema, and other chronic lung diseases.
Hazards such as -
Earthquakes such as preparing for, surviving, and recovering from an earthquake. Floods such as making sure food and water are safe, cleaning up, and emergency supplies. Landslides and Mudslides such as protective measures to take before, during, and after a landslide or debris flow. Power outages such as carbon monoxide poisoning, alternative heat and energy sources, downed power lines, and food and water safety. Wildfires such as smoke inhalation and other wildfire hazards.
Sources
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More percent ERRORS HELP PLEASE givinf brainly.
Answer:
3%
Explanation:
11 - 10.603 = 0.379
0.379/11 = ~0.03 so 3%
What are your initial ideas for what we can do to stop what is occurring to planet earth and ensure the survival of humans and other species?
What can humans do to survive as a species if we are not successful in the negative changes occurring to planet earth?
Answer: Change the way we run our economy.
Explanation: The way that the world, as a whole, runs its government and economy, is destroying the environment. If we can change this, and find another, better, way to run our countries and cities, the environment will get better, and we won't ruin our planet.
If 25.0 ml of a 6.00 m hcl solution is diluted to 2.00 l, what is the molarity of the new solution?
Taking into account the definition of dilution, the molarity of the new solution is 0.075 M.
DilutionDilution is the process of reducing the concentration of solute in solution, which is accomplished by simply adding more solvent to the solution at the same amount of solute.
In a dilution the amount of solute does not change, but as more solvent is added, the concentration of the solute decreases, as the volume (and weight) of the solution increases.
A dilution is mathematically expressed as:
Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf
where
Ci: initial concentrationVi: initial volumeCf: final concentrationVf: final volumeFinal molarityIn this case, you know:
Ci= 6 MVi= 25 mLCf= ?Vf= 2 L= 2000 mL (being 1 L= 1000 mL)Replacing in the definition of dilution:
6 M× 25 mL= Cf× 2000 mL
Solving:
(6 M× 25 mL)÷ 2000 mL= Cf
0.075 M= Cf
In summary, the molarity of the new solution is 0.075 M.
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Grass and plants get energy from
A
the sun.
B
eating food.
C
windmills.
D
electrons.
why is dilute hydrochloric acid added into distilled water?
Answer:
Explanation:
dilute hydrochloric acid is added to distilled water to increase the ionization of water.
Write a formula for the ionic compound that forms between each pair of elements.
The ionic compound between each pair of elements has the following formula:
(a) Al₂S₃
(b) AlN
(c) K₂O
(d) SrI₂
(e) MgO
(f) BaF₂
(g) SrS
(h) Be₃N₂
The formula for the ionic compound for each pair is:
(a) Aluminium and Sulfur
Aluminum sulfide, also known as Al₂S₃, is created when aluminum and sulfur combine. Its molar mass is 150.158 g/mol. Al has a +3 oxidation state while the sulfur in Al₂S₃ is in a -2 oxidation state.
Al⁺³ + S⁻² → Al₂S₃
(b) Aluminium and Nitrogen
Solid aluminum nitride is known as aluminum nitride (AlN). It is an electrical insulator with high thermal conductivity of up to 321 W/(mK).
Al⁺³ + N⁺³ → AlN
(c) Potassium and Oxygen
When potassium and oxygen are combined, potassium oxide results as an ionic molecule. It has the chemical composition K₂O. Because it is highly reactive, potassium cannot be found in its free form. It easily forms K₂O when combined with oxygen atoms due to its +1 valency.
( K₂ )⁺¹ + O²⁻ → K₂O
(d) Strontium and iodine
Ions of strontium and iodide combine to form the ionic compound known as strontium iodide.
Strontium has the chemical symbol Sr and a valency of +2. Iodine also bears the symbol I and the valency of -1.
(Sr)⁺² + I⁻¹ → SrI₂
(e) Magnesium and Oxygen
Magnesium oxide MgO) is created through the ionic interaction of magnesium (Mg) with oxygen (O₂). While oxygen has six valence electrons, magnesium only has two.
Mg⁺² + O²⁻ → MgO
(f) Barium and Fluorine
Because it is made up of a barium cation with a +2 charge and a fluoride anion with a charge of 1, barium fluoride is an ionic compound. This substance has the chemical formula BaF₂.
Ba²⁺ + F⁻¹ → BaF₂
(g) Strontium and Sulfur
Strontium serves as the anion and sulfur is the cation. Due to its presence in Group II, strontium has a valency of 2. The sulfur atom will gain 2 electrons and currently has 6 electrons in its outermost shell. Sulfur's valency is therefore 2.
Sr⁺² + S²⁻ → SrS
(h) Beryllium and Nitrogen
Because nitrogen is a non-metal and beryllium is a metal, an ionic link is created between the two. Be₃N₂ is formed when Beryllium and nitrogen is reacted.
Be²⁺ + N³⁻ → Be₃N₂
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The complete question is mentioned below:
Write a formula for the ionic compound that forms between each pair of elements.
a. Aluminum and Sulfur
b. Aluminum and Nitrogen
c. Potassium and Oxygen
d. strontium and iodine
e. magnesium and oxygen
f. barium and fluorine
g. strontium and sulfur
h. beryllium and nitrogen
probing nuclear symmetry energy at high densities using pion, kaon, eta and photon productions in heavy-ion collisions
The high-density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy is among the most uncertain properties of dense neutron-rich matter.
What is nuclear symmetry?The cost of generating more neutron-rich nuclear systems is measured by the nuclear symmetry energy. According to the system's density. The mechanics of supernova explosions, the characteristics of neutron stars, and the gravitational waves produced by their mergers are all greatly affected by knowledge of the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy. Understanding the kinetics and outcomes of their collisions in laboratory studies, as well as the characteristics of nuclei, is crucial.
Within the parabolic approximation, the Equation of State (EOS) of homogeneous neutron-rich nucleonic matter with isospin asymmetry = (np)/ and density can be stated in terms of the energy per nucleon E(n, n).
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In an aqueous solution of ch3br, what is the strongest intermolecular force between ch3br and water?
Dipole-dipole interactions between H2O molecules produce the greatest intermolecular forces in a molecule.
What does the term "dipole" mean?It simply refers to a line made up of two wires, each of which is connected to a power outlet using a negative and positive signal. When a dipole appears, several atoms may have the same ionization spectrum or may be split into negative and positive regions. Both partial negative (-ve) and partial positive (+ve) signs are used to denote it.
What impact does a dipole have on a molecule's polarity?A molecule's form affects polarity. Due to the 2 OH bonds and the consequent dipole, the molecule with 2 lone pairs, such as water, is very polar. The vector sum of the various polar bonds produces the dipole.
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Match the vocabulary term with the correct definition.
hypothesis
[ Choose ]
observation
[ Choose ]
scientific inquiry
[ Choose ]
interpret
[ Choose ]
assume
[ Choose ]
Answer:
I think the answer is assume
Set up the Gizmo to observe freezing. What do you notice about the temperature while the water is in the process of freezing?
The temperature while the water is in the process of freezing it is observed that is solidifies .
What is the process of freezing?
The process through which a substance transforms from a liquid to a solid is known as freezing.
When a liquid's molecules slow down enough to attract one another into permanent positions as a solid, this process is known as freezing.
When water freezes, energy is emitted into the environment, which leads energy to be lost and causes the environment to "cool down".
Since it is not thought to exist, the term "cooling" is not well understood in chemical research and would instead be substituted by the phrase "absence or loss of heat."
When a body's temperature drops, it is said to be cooling. If the temperature drops further, as it would with water, it would ultimately approach the freezing point, which for water is 0 degrees Celsius.
As a result, when cooling passes this thermal barrier, the water "freezes." The freezing point of pure water is 0 degrees Celsius.
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Initially, the speed of a molecule of an ideal gas is 463 m/s. the pressure and volumeof this gas are kept constant, while the number of molecules is doubled. what is thefinal speed of the molecules?
Initially, the Final speed of a molecule of an ideal gas is 327 m/s. the pressure and volume of this gas are kept constant, while the number of molecules is doubled.
What is rms velocity?The square root of the mean of the squares of the velocity of individual gas molecules is known as the root mean square velocity (RMS value).
T = Kelvin-degree temperature.
The arithmetic mean of the velocities of various gas molecules at a specific temperature is known as average velocity. Actually, root mean square speed, not velocity, is what the RMS calculation tells you.
Considering that velocity is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction, this makes sense.
The behavior pf the molecule is given by -
PV = 2/3 N (1/2mv²)
We may write p1v1 = p2v2,
where the subscript 1 denotes the beginning condition
subscript 2 denotes the conditions following the number of molecules being doubled, because the pressure and volume of the gas are held constant while the number of molecules is doubled. Thus,
⇒ 2/3 [N1 (1/2 mv1²)] = 2/3 [N2 (1/2 mv2²)]
⇒ N1 v1² = N2 v2²
⇒ v2 = v1 √(N1/N2)
⇒ v2 = 463 √(N1 / 2N1)
⇒ v2 = 463 / √2
⇒ v2 = 327m/s
Thus, the final speed of the molecules is 327 m/s.
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Summarize Newton's first law of motion for a younger student. Give an example to show this student how the law works.
Answer:
Newton's first law of motion is explained in the below statements
What is Newton's first law of motion?
Newton's first law asserts that if a body is at rest or travelling at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or continue to move in a straight path at a constant speed until acted on by a force.
Explanation:
Some examples of Newton's first law are:
1. A rock at rest: Unless pushed by nature or by another force, a rock sitting on the ground will remain there for thousands of years. It will not be dispersed in various locations.
2. The sudden application of breaks in a vehicle: When a driver suddenly uses the brakes, we tend to move forward. The vehicle comes to a halt as a result of the brakes. However, we are moving due to inertia. That is why seat belts are essential for road safety.
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What is (are) the major organic product(s) obtained from the following reaction?
1. (2r,3r)-dibromobutane
2. (2s,3s)-dibromobutane
3. meso-2,3-dibromobutane
The products of the reaction are (2r,3r) - dibromobutane and (2s,3s)-dibromobutane
Halogenation is a chemical process in which one or more halogens are added to a substance. Due to the widespread presence of halide-containing chemicals, this type of transformation is crucial for producing polymers and pharmaceuticals, among other things.
When a material gets brominated, the chemical reaction causes bromine to be added to the compound. The result's qualities after bromination will be different from the initial reactant.
The bromination of cis - but - 2 - ene is the reaction described. Two items are produced as a result.
Reaction:
cis - but - 2 - ene + Br₂ → (S, S) - 2,3 - dibromobutane + (R, R) - 2,3 - dibromobutane
When cis - but - 2 - ene is reacted with bromines the products of the reactions are ( 2S, 3S) - dibromobutane and ( 2R, 3R ) - dibromobutane, respectively.
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a solution contains 25.0 g ethanol (c2h5oh; molar mass 46.07 g/mol) in 500. g h2o (molar mass 18.02 g/mol) at 23oc. if the vapor pressure of pure h2o at this temperature is 20.57 torr, what is the vapor pressure of the solution?
The partial pressure of the solution is 0.39 torr.
What is Raoult's Law?The Raoult's Law states that, the partial pressure of the solution is equal to the product of the mole fraction of the solute and the partial pressure of the pure solvent.
Hence;
Partial pressure of the pure solvent = 20.57 torr
Moles of water = 500 g/18 g/mol = 27.8 moles
Moles of ethanol = 25.0 g/46 g/mol = 0.54 moles
Total number of moles = 27.8 moles + 0.54 moles = 28.34 moles
Hence;
Partial pressure of solution = 0.54 moles/28.34 moles * 20.57 torr
= 0.39 torr
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A buffer solution is composed of 8.50 mol of acid and 2.25 mol of the conjugate base. if the pa of the acid is 4.20 , what is the ph of the buffer?
A buffer solution is composed of 8.50 mol of acid and 2.25 mol of the conjugate base.
What is pH of a solution?
The concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions in a solution, which is a measurement of acidity, is known as the pH of that solution. Acidic solutions have a pH under 7. The same holds true for solutions that have a pH higher than 7.
A buffer solution is one that prevents the pH of a solution from changing when a little amount of a strong acid or basic is added.
Given,
pKa of acid = 4.20
[acid] = 8.50
[base] = 2.25
pH of buffer = pKa + log [base]/[acid]
= 4.20 + log[2.25/8.50]
=3.622
Thus, pH of the buffer is 3.662.
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thermal properties and calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (cmas) resistance of lupo4 as environmental barrier coatings.
Thermal properties and calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (cmas) resistance of lupo4 as environmental barrier coatings lupo4 synthesized by chemical precipitation and calcination
Thermal properties means material-dependent response when heat is distributed to a solid body, a liquid, or a gas and then temperature increase, a phase transition, a change of length or volume, an formationof a chemical reaction or the change of some other physical or chemical property or quantity called as thermal properties. so here thermal properties and calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (cmas) resistance of lupo4 is the phase stability and the thermal properties of the ceramics as well as the thermochemical reactions between lupo4 pellet and calcium–magnesium–alumina–silicate at 1300°C this dense and continuous layer can effectively inhibit molten cmas penetration into lupo4.
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7. When an astronaut travels from the Earth to the Moon, which of their physical properties changes: mass or weight?
Explain why one property changes but the other does not.
Answer:
Their mass stays the same but their weight changes.
Explanation:
The gravitational force of celestial bodies is determined by their mass and size. The moon has less mass than the Earth and can't pull object towards itself as well as the Earth. Thus, mass remains the same and you'd weigh less.
In _______, the inhibitor competes with substrate for binding to the active site, but does not covalently modify the active site.
The answer would be the competitive inhibition, the inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding to the active site, but does not covalently modifying the active site.
In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor (I) firmly be like the actual substrate (S), and is considered as a substrate analogue. The inhibitor takes part with substrate and cohere at the active site of the enzyme but does not go any catalysis. As long as the competitive inhibitor hold on to the active site, the enzyme is not present for the substrate to cohere. A competitive inhibitor vanished the rate of catalysis by lessen the portion of enzyme molecules to a substrate. At any given inhibitor concentration, competitive inhibition can be pleased by expanding the substrate concentration.
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An element belongs to group 17 of the periodic table. This element is most likely a . A solid sample of this element would have a appearance.
The periodic table's group 17 substance is probably a halogen. This element would appear metallic or black in solid form.
What are the elements of the 17th group?The six elements in Group 17 of the periodic table compose the halogen elements. In the periodic table, group 17 is represented by the elements fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine (Ts).
Why is Group 17 called halogens?From top to bottom, the group 17 elements are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). They are known as "halogens" because when they interact with metals, they produce salts.
The elements that make up group 17 of the periodic table are the halogens. They are nonmetals that are reactive, such as iodine, bromine, chlorine, and fluorine. Halogens are non-metals that are very reactive. These substances share a lot of characteristics with one another.
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decrease friction by causing a slight separation between
solid surfaces, so they don't contact each other.
Lubricant decrease friction by causing a slight separation between solid surfaces, so they don't contact each other.
Where are lubricants utilized?A lubricant, also known as lube or lubrication, is a chemical that aids in reducing friction between surfaces in contact, hence lowering the heat produced when the surfaces move. Additionally, it might be used for force transmission, the transportation of foreign objects, or the heating or cooling of surfaces.
What is the human body's lubricant?The body's sliding surfaces are robust in part due to lubricin, a little-known protein that serves as nature's most efficient "grease." The body's most potent boundary lubricant, lubricin was found to coat the surfaces of joint cartilage.
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The complete question is -
____ decrease friction by causing a slight separation between solid surfaces, so they don't contact each other.
why is the water a liquid and h2s a gas ?
Explanation:
This is because the hydrogen bonding in water H2O is stronger than that is hydrogen sulfide H2S.
Question
A watershed is the area of land where all of the water drains off and eventually combines at a central point. As water runs off it picks up different types of surface pollution leftover from agricultural, industrial, commercial, and other types of human activity. Why does the pollution in a watershed have such a heavy impact on its inhabitants?
Responses
A the water combines and the pollutants become more concentratedthe water combines and the pollutants become more concentrated
B the water combines and the pollutants become less concentratedthe water combines and the pollutants become less concentrated
C the species that inhabit the watershed must have the pollution in order to survivethe species that inhabit the watershed must have the pollution in order to survive
D pollution does not affect the inhabitants of a watershed
The pollution in a watershed have such a heavy impact on its inhabitants because the water combines and the pollutants become more concentrated.
What is pollution?Pollution is defined as the introduction of harmful material to the environment. These harmful material is called pollutant.
Pollutant can be natural such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human effect.
There are four types of pollution
Water pollutionLand pollutionAir pollution Soil pollutionThus, the pollution in a watershed have such a heavy impact on its inhabitants because the water combines and the pollutants become more concentrated.
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please help i'll give brailiest!!
It is negatively charged
As the diagram showed,
inner part contains nucleus which constitute proton and neutron
and the outer part contain electron dense clouds which is negatively charged
The term "electron" refers to the subatomic particle that is negatively charged and located outside the atom's nucleus.An atom is made up of three subatomic particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons. Protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutral, and electrons have a negative charge. Electrons were discovered by J.J. Thomson, who also determined the electron's charge mass ratio. The mass of an electron is 9.110319.1times10-319.11031, while the charge on an electron is 1.61019-1.6times10-191.61019 C. Electrons in an atom reside outside of the nucleus and are kept there by intense electrostatic forces.To know more about Electrons visit : https://brainly.com/question/1255220
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which of the following compounds is neither an acid or a base? group of answer choices sodium nitrate sodium hydroxide hclo3 ch4
Among the given options, Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is a compound that is neither an acid nor a base. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What are the properties of acids?The properties of acids are as follows:
Acid remarkably turns blue litmus red.They significantly conduct electricity. Acids react with metals in order to liberate hydrogen gas.They generally possess a pH of less than 7. Acids are distinguished by their sour taste.Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is classified in the category of salt that can be significantly developed in the reaction of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) which belongs to a base, and nitric acid (HNO3) which belongs to an acid.
Therefore, sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is one of the compounds that is neither an acid nor a base. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
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in(iv) sulfide, sns2, a yellow pigment, can be produced using the following reaction. snbr4(aq) 2na2s(aq)⟶4nabr(aq) sns2(s) suppose a student adds 35.2 ml of a 0.419 m solution of snbr4 to 51.1 ml of a 0.203 m solution of na2s.
% yield of SnS2 = 0.337 X 100 / 0.567 = 59.44 %
% yield of SnS2 = 59.44 %
Balanced chemical reaction is
SnBr4(aq) + 2Na2S(aq) ---> 4NaBr(aq) + SnS2(s)
First calculate limiting reactant
molarity of SnBr4 = 0.418 M
volume of SnBr4 = 0.0451 L (1 ml = 0.001 L then 45.1 ml =45.1 X 0.001 = 0.0451 L)
molarity of Na2S = 0.133 M
volume of Na2S = 0.0466 M ( 1 ml = 0.001 L then 46.6 ml =46.6 X 0.001 = 0.0466 L)
no.of moles = molarity X volume of solution in liter
moles of SnBr4 = 0.418 X 0.0451 = 0.0189 mol
moles of Na2S = 0.133 X 0.0466 = 0.0062 mol
According to balanced chemical reaction 1 mole of SnBr4 react with 2 mole of Na2S molar ratio between SnBr4 to Na2S is 1:2 therefore to react with 0.0189 mole of SnBr4 required Na2S = 0.0189 X 2 / 1 = 0.0378 moles Na2S but Na2S given only 0.0062 mole therefore Na2S is limiting reactant
Limiting reactant = Na2S
According to balanced chemical reaction 2 mole of Na2S produce 1 mole of SnS2 molar ratio between Na2S to SnS2 is 2:1 therefore 0.0062 mole of Na2S produce SnS2 = 0.0062 X 1 / 2 = 0.0031 moles
Mole of SnS2 produced = 0.0031 mole
Molar mass of SnS2 = 182.81 g/mol
Gm of compound = no. of moles X molar mass
Gm of SnS2 formed = 0.0031 mol X 182.81 g/mol = 0.567 g
Gm of SnS2 formed = 0.567 g
Theoretical yield of SnS2 = 0.567 g
Actual yield of SnS2 = 0.337 g
Theoretical yield of SnS2 = 0.567 g
% yield = Actual yield X 100 / theoretical yield
Substitute the value
% yield of SnS2 = 0.337 X 100 / 0.567 = 59.44 %
% yield of SnS2 = 59.44 %
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certain meteorites have been examined and found to carry samples of which molecules? select all that apply.
Lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and monosaccharides are the proper answers as to which molecules are present in some of the meteorites that have been studied.
Define Meteorites.Rocks or metal fragments from space are referred to as meteorites because they fall to earth. Some scientists, particularly those looking to support or refute the Panspermia idea, which holds that life originated from other planets, have investigated and analyzed these rocks and metals in great detail.
Compounds like lipids, DNA, RNA, and amino acids were discovered in several research.Before 2019, there had been no indication of monosaccharides, but in 2019 a global team found sugars like xylose and arabinose in several meteorites.Although its precursor, amino acids, have been found in meteorites, no polypeptides have been.Lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and monosaccharides are thus the proper answers to the compounds discovered in several meteorites.
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What would you observed if you drop a cotton fall and rock at the same time ? would it be different if you did the same occur if performed in a vacuum tube?
We will see that rock would hit the ground first and cotton would hit later,
when we perform the same experiment in vaccum, then both will hit the ground at the same time.
No force is present in vaccum, the objects will be weightless as weight is a force. W = F = mg ( gravity is absent), g=0 so F= 0 W = 0 In vaccum space the all object will fall freely despite of their massesapparent weightlessness IS weight on an object without a support surfaceWhen gravity is zero , the object will have freefall accelaration.To know more about weightlessness visit : https://brainly.com/question/845413
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Why is boiling at standard temperature and pressure an inadequate method of processing for canned foods?
Why is boiling at standard temperature and pressure an inadequate method of processing for canned foods? Boiling to 100°C will kill vegetative C. botulinum cells, but any spores will survive to temperatures of 120°C.
What is standard temperature and pressure? As a result, the definition of standard temperature is 0 degrees Celsius, or 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 273.15 degrees Kelvin. In essence, this is the temperature at which pure water will freeze at sea level in air at standard pressure.25 C is the normal state temperature (298 K). Although the majority of tables are constructed for this temperature, normal state conditions do not specify a temperature. All gases are at 1 atm pressure. All gases and liquids are pure.NTP stands for normal temperature and pressure, while STP stands for standard temperature and pressure. The STP values for temperature and pressure for a gas are 273.15 K and 0.987 atm, respectively, according to IUPAC.The surroundings of a chemical reaction are described by standard pressure and temperature. The reference temperature is 273.15 K, or 0°C, or 32°F. The standard pressure is 1 atm, which is equivalent to 760 Torr, 760 mm Hg, and 101.35 kPa.Why is boiling at standard temperature and pressure an inadequate method of processing for canned foods? Boiling to 100°C will kill vegetative C. botulinum cells, but any spores will survive to temperatures of 120°C.
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Vinegar has preservative and antimicrobial properties due to the ability of the active ingredient to cross the membrane as ______________. once in the cytoplasm, it become
Vinegar has preservative and antimicrobial properties due to the ability of the active ingredient to cross the membrane as CH₃COOH. Once in the cytoplasm, it becomes Deprotonated.
Vinegar is a natural preservative. It enhances the microbiological safety and extending the life. Production of vinegar is a two step process , where yeasts convert sugars into alcohol, followed by acetobacter, which oxidise alcohol to acetic acid.
Vinegar is a crude acetic acid and possess antimicrobial properties, which kills microorganisms and enhance microbiological safety of food.
Deprotonated simply means the removal of a proton from a chemical compound. The acetic acid in vinegar cross the membrane and become deprotonated, i.e., removal of proton in the cytoplasm which disturbs the normal pH.
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20 CCC Proportion What are the top three sources of U.S. electricity
generation? Estimate the overall efficiency of U.S. electricity
generation. How does this compare to the efficiency for
transportation?
The United States uses many different energy sources and technologies to generate electricity. The sources and technologies have changed over time, and some are used more than others.
The three major categories of energy for electricity generation are fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum), nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources. Most electricity is generated with steam turbines using fossil fuels, nuclear, biomass, geothermal, and solar thermal energy. Other major electricity generation technologies include gas turbines, hydro turbines, wind turbines, and solar photovoltaics.
Natural gas was the largest source—about 38%—of U.S. electricity generation in 2021. Natural gas is used in steam turbines and gas turbines to generate electricity.
Coal was the second-largest energy source for U.S. electricity generation in 2021—about 22%. Nearly all coal-fired power plants use steam turbines. A few coal-fired power plants convert coal to gas for use in a gas turbine to generate electricity.
Petroleum was the source of less than 1% of U.S. electricity generation in 2021. Residual fuel oil and petroleum coke are used in steam turbines. Distillate—or diesel—fuel oil is used in diesel-engine generators. Residual fuel oil and distillates can also be burned in gas turbines.
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