Liquid sodium is being considered as an engine coolant. how many grams of liquid sodium (minimum) are needed to absorb 5.50 mj of energy in the form of heat

Majority carrier concentration in a semiconductor is expressed as n0 = (ni)2/M, or Majority Carrier Electron Concentration = (Intrinsic Carrier Concentration)2/Minority Carrier Concentration.

What is equilibrium carrier concentration?

The equilibrium carrier concentration is the total number of carriers in the conduction and valence band. A constant is the result of minority and majority charge carriers. The equilibrium carrier concentration is defined as the total number of carriers in the conduction and valence bands without any external influence.

Majority carrier concentration in a semiconductor is expressed as n0 = (ni)2/M, or Majority Carrier Electron Concentration = (Intrinsic Carrier Concentration)2/Minority Carrier Concentration. It is defined as the equilibrium carrier concentration, which is equal to the intrinsic carrier concentration plus the number of free carriers added by doping the semiconductor.

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To destroy the unreacted Bromine :

Bromination of aniline is taken out in by reacting aniline with bromine and acetic acid. This reaction gives us in a tri-substituted product known as 2,4,6 tribromoaniline which is basically a white precipitate.

During Bromination reaction, Sodium Bisulfite may be added if there is any unreacted bromine left in the reaction combination. This is compulsory because lively Bromine can barge into the reaction because of bromine's oxidizing characterstics.

Sodium Bisulfite Solution is a reducing agent and it can change into unreacted bromine and bromate by force it into the bromide.

Moreover, Sodium bisulfite can also help in show the final color of the solution because of the bromine presence.

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On its website, the epa claims that sulfur dioxide levels have fallen by 85 between 1990 and 2016.

What is SO2?

The national ambient air quality criteria for SO2 set by the EPA are intended to guard against exposure to all sulphur oxides (SOx). The most concerning component, SO2, serves as a marker for the larger group of gaseous sulphur oxides (SOx). At far lower quantities than SO2, the atmosphere contains other gaseous SOx (such SO3).

The largest source of SO2 in the atmosphere is the combustion of fossil fuels by power plants and other industrial facilities.

State and local governments will be able to comply with the EPA's national and regional rules to reduce emissions of SO2 and pollutants that create sulphur oxides (SOx) and assist them achieve the Agency's national air quality goals.

Now, So2 concentration in 1990 = 124 ppb

So2 concentration in 2016 = 16 ppb

Thus decrease in concentration of so2 is 108 ppb

Hence, decrease percentage = 87.09 % (ans)

Thus the claims are accurate.

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Answer:

any particle that isn't a proton

Explanation:

The quantity of heat released in kJ when 15.7 g of benzene in the liquid phase at 50.0 °C is converted to solid benzene at 2.0 °C is 3.32 kJ.

The quantity of heat released is calculated using the formula below:

The following values apply to benzene:

Moles of benzene = 15.7/78/11 = 0.20 moles

Heat evolved from 50 °C to 5.4 °C = 15.7 * 1.8 * (50 - 5.4) = 1260.4 J = 1.26 kJ

Latent heat of fusion = 0.2 * 9.9 = 1.98 kJ

Heat evolved on cooling from 5.4 °C to 2.0 °C = 15.7 * 1.51 * (5.4 - 2.0) = 80.6  J = 0.08 kJ

quantity of heat released = 1.26 + 1.98 + 0.08 = 3.32 kJ

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Answer:

It is approximately equal to the number of protons and neutrons, with a little extra added by the electrons.

Explanation:

The absolute pressure (in pa) is 4.0Pa.

The mass of one molecule of air may be computed as

m =  Molecular weight / Avogadro’s number

m = 28.97 / 6.023×[tex]10^{23}[/tex]

m = 4.81×[tex]10^{-23}[/tex] g

Then the density of air containing [tex]10^{12}[/tex] molecules, in SI units,

ρ =  [tex]10^{12}[/tex] × 4.81×[tex]10^{-23}[/tex] = 4.81×[tex]10^{-5} kg/m^{3}[/tex]

Finally, from the perfect gas law, , at 20°C = 293 K, we obtain the pressure:

p = ρRT

P = 4.81×[tex]10^{-5} kg/m^{3}[/tex]×287×293

p = 4.0Pa

So, the absolute pressure (in pa) is 4.0Pa.

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The relationships among the variable quantities pressure 'P', volume 'V', number of moles 'n', and absolute temperature 'T' expressed by the ideal gas law equation.

The ideal gas law -

Ideal gas - It is a speculative or hypothetical gas with independent behavior of attractive forces and repulsive forces. It can be described by the ideal gas law completely. This is not possible in real life. But it might be possible under high pressure and high temperature.

The ideal gas law is an equation which expresses the relationship among variable quantities namely pressure, volume, number of moles and absolute temperature. It can also be called a general gas equation.

 The ideal gas equation is :

                 PV = nRT

where,

P = pressure,

V = volume,

n = number of moles / amount of substance

R = Ideal gas constant (It is a constant with definite value and not a      

     variable)

T = absolute temperature

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If the value of heat, q, is positive when the temperature of a sample of water changes, then : the temperature of water was increased.

What is the relation between heat flux and temperature?

A substance's temperature is a macroscopic indicator of how quickly the atoms or molecules inside are vibrating about their mean locations. The increase in kinetic energy of these particles is reflected as an increase in temperature when heat is applied to a body.

The heat q and the temperature change Δ T : connection is the mathematical relationship at the core of this inquiry.

q = m c Δ T ,

where c is the substance's specific heat capacity and m is the substance's mass. The last two amounts can never be negative, it should be noted.

A positive value of heat hence always suggests a positive change in temperature. In other words, if heat is positive, the substance has received heat energy, increasing its ultimate temperature over its initial temperature.

Question:

If the value of heat, q, is positive when the temperature of a sample of water changes, then:

a. the temperature of water was decreased.

b. the temperature of water was increased.

c. it depends on whether mass and specific heat values are positive or negative.

d. None of the above.

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Yes, despite of how high or low you are, gravity exerts a force on you that can be measured.

The weight appears to grow as the individual moves upward because the weight scale's usual force on them increases. When the elevator descends, the opposite is true.

Weight is determined by the force applied to the load cell of weighing scales and balances. They then translate the outcome into mass and present it in several mass units.

An instrument used to calculate an object's weight or mass is a weighing balance. It is a necessary equipment in laboratories, commercial kitchens, and pharmacies and is offered in a variety of sizes with various weighing capacities.

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The name of N2CI4 is Dinitrogen tetrachloride.

I determined the bond type because there was no metal in the formula, and I determined the name by taking the prefixes of the subscripts and adding them to the elements. Since both nitrogen and chlorine want to gain electrons. we can obey the octet rule with a compromise of neither losing nor gaining electrons.

Two atoms share electrons to achieve the octet rule and form a covalent bond. Accordingly, the indicated compounds are covalent compounds. Explain what is most likely to happen when an atom of this element approaches an atom with seven valence electrons. Move to the outermost shell. Because both fluorine and hydrogen can only form ionic bonds.

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After fermentation was finished, a stout's hydrometer revealed a specific gravity of 1.15.

Certain gravity, commonly referred to as relative gravity and a dimensionless number, is the ratio of a substance's density to that of water at a specific temperature (has no unit). Since water has its highest density in the SI system at 4°C, or 1000 kg/m3, this temperature is widely used as a reference point.

A measurement of a substance's relative density in relation to the density of water at room temperature is called specific gravity (S.G.). Engineers typically use 60 F instead of the standard used by physicists of 39.2 F (4 C).

Specific gravity = density of liquid/ density of water at 4°C

= mass of liquid/(volume*density of water)

Thus specific weight = mass = 1150 kg.

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You need the Ka value of butanoic to do this (Ka = 1.51 x 10^-5).

5.9/88 = mol butanoic acid = 0.067…mol

so [C4H8O2] = 0.067… mol/L ([ ] conc in mol/L)

Ka = [H+][C4H7O2-] /[[C4H8O2] ] assume

[H+] at eqm = [C4H7O2-] at eqm and [C4H8O2] at eqm is same as acid originally (fair assumption as it hardly dissociates)

then [H+] = sqroot of Ka[C4H8O2] and the pH is the -log of this.

gives an ans of 3.00 to 3sf

What is acid?

Atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID) is an acronym and mnemonic for the four key characteristics that a transaction manager ensures for every transaction (which is also called a transaction monitor). These qualities include atomicity.

Therefore,

You need the Ka value of butanoic to do this (Ka = 1.51 x 10^-5).

5.9/88 = mol butanoic acid = 0.067…mol

so [C4H8O2] = 0.067… mol/L ([ ] conc in mol/L)

Ka = [H+][C4H7O2-] /[[C4H8O2] ] assume

[H+] at eqm = [C4H7O2-] at eqm and [C4H8O2] at eqm is same as acid originally (fair assumption as it hardly dissociates)

then [H+] = sqroot of Ka[C4H8O2] and the pH is the -log of this.

gives an ans of 3.00 to 3sf

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Answer:

You need the Ka value of butanoic to do this (Ka = 1.51 x 10^-5).

5.9/88 = mol butanoic acid = 0.067...mol

so [C4H8O2] = 0.067... mol/L ([] conc in mol/L)

Ka = [H+][C4H702-]/[[C4H8O2]] assume

[H+] at eqm = [C4H702-] at eqm and [C4H8O2] at

eqm is same as acid originally (fair assumption as it hardly dissociates)

then [H+] = sqroot of Ka[C4H8O2] and the pH is the -log of this.

gives an ans of 3.00 to 3sf

What is acid?

Atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID) is an acronym and mnemonic for the four key characteristics that a transaction manager ensures for every transaction (which is also called a transaction monitor). These qualities include atomicity.

Therefore,

You need the Ka value of butanoic to do this (Ka =

1.51 x 10^-5).

5.9/88 = mol butanoic acid = 0.067...mol

so [C4H802]=0.067... mol/L ([] conc in mol/L)

Ka = [H+][C4H702-]/[[C4H8O2]] assume

[H+] at eqm = [C4H702-] at eqm and [C4H8O2] at eqm is same as acid originally (fair assumption as it

hardly dissociates)

then [H+] = sqroot of Ka[C4H8O2] and the pH is the

-log of this.

gives an ans of 3.00 to 3sf

[tex] \bf \implies \: 15.5 \: km[/tex]

We know that,

1 m = 1000 km

1 km = 1/1000 m

We have converted 15500 m to km

[tex] \mapsto \bf \frac{155 \cancel{0} \cancel{0}}{10 \cancel{0} \cancel{0}} = \frac{155}{10} = 15.5 \: km[/tex]

The independent variable, also known as manipulated, is the one that changes and causes an effect on the depenedent variable. The manipulated variable is temperature. Option D.

Independent variables are those modified or changed by the researcher to study how this change affects another variable (the dependent one) and hence the results.

It also receives the name of the manipulated variable because the researcher alters its value or state to analyze its effect. These variables are voluntarily manipulated by the researcher.

In the exposed example,

Goal: To determine the effect of temperature on reaction rates.

Independent (manipulated) variable: Temperature

Dependent variable: time it takes the tablet to dissolve.

Temperature is what affects the time in which the tablet dissolves. The researcher changes temperature levels to analyze how much the time changes.  

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Complete question,

A group of students conducts an experiment to determine the effect of temperature on reaction rates. They perform three separate trials in this experiment.

In the first trial, they drop an antacid tablet into a beaker of water at a temperature of 40 °C and record how long it takes the tablet to completely dissolve.

In the second and third trials, they use the same type and amount of antacid, but they change the temperature of the water to 25 °C for the second trial and 5 °C for the third trial.

The manipulated variable in this experiment is the

A. type of antacid used

B. amount of antacid used

C. time it takes for the reaction to occur

D. temperature at which the reaction occurs

The effect on the amount of gas produced is that if the experiment is repeated using 0.35 grams of potassium is that less amount of hydrogen gas is liberated.

When  potassium reacts with water it liberates hydrogen gas and potassium hydroxide is formed.

[tex]2K+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_2+2KOH[/tex]

When lithium reacts with water it liberates hydrogen gas and lithium hydroxide is formed.

[tex]2Li+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_2+2LiOH[/tex]

Moles in case of each reaction can be calculated by the formula ,

                     n=W/M

where W =mass and M=molar mass

therefore, moles of potassium  are ,0.35 g/39=0.0089

and moles of lithium are,0.35 g/6.9=0.0507

Since the amount of moles produced when lithium metal is used is more as compared to potassium ,lithium will produce more gas.Thus,on replacing lithium with potassium less gas will be produced.

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An individual takes in 2,000 ml of water during the day. Ideally, they should lose 2,000 ml of water during the day.

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The new concentration of the solution of KBr diluted to 500 mL is 0.106 M

To solve this problem, the formula and the procedure that we have to use is:

c1 * v1 = c2 * v2

Where:

Information about the problem:

Applying the dissolution of concentrations formula and clearing the concentration of the diluted solution(c2), we get:

c1 * v1 = c2 * v2

0.530 M * 100.0 mL = c2 * 500.0 mL

c2 = (0.530 M * 100.0 mL ) / 500.0 mL

c2 = 0.106 M

In chemistry a solution is known as a homogeneous mixture of two or more components called:

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Explanation:

Krypton because it's inert gas

the point in time when a solid transitions from a solid to a liquid at a fixed pressure, usually standard pressure. The temperature at which a substance transitions from a solid to a liquid state is known as its melting point (or, less frequently, liquefaction point). Pressure affects a substance's melting point, which is typically reported at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.

the temperature, at any given fixed pressure, at which a solid and its liquid are in equilibrium.

The temperature at which a substance melts when heated is known as its melting point.

the degree to which a solid becomes liquid. When compared to the freezing point,

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Answer:

of course A

Explanation:

1.89*10³

1890

When ethanol and pbr3 combine, bromoethane and phosphoric acid are created.

PBr3+3C2H5OH------>3C2H5Br+H3PO3

The chemical name for phosphorous tribromide is PBr3. It can be created by the interaction of red phosphorous with bromine and is a Lewis acid or electron deficient chemical that lacks a complete octet. This process is quite exothermic.

It is a colorless liquid mostly utilized for changing various alcohols into their corresponding alkyl bromides. The reaction is an inverted configuration bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl bromide is the main byproduct of this process.

Alcohol attacking phosphorous tribromide triggers this reaction's mechanism, which results in the substitution of an alcohol group for a bromine atom.

     H  H      

       |  |

 H -c-c-Br  +Mg------> C2H5MgBr

       |  |

      H H

CH3MgBr = (Grignard reagent compound )

We can add a single carbon atom to make a primary alcohol by reacting a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde.

                                                                             _

CH3CH2MgBr+ H2C=O -------> CH3CH2CH2O     ----->CH3CH2OH

AQUEOUS ACID: (taking HCL as not mentioned)

CH 3 CH 2 (OH) + HCl ------> CH 3 CH 2(Cl) + H 2 O

Reaction type: double replacement

resulting product: CH 3 CH 2 Cl

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Airat 100ºF and 2 atm is passed through a shallow bed ofnaphthalene spheres ½ in. in diameter at rate of 5 ft/s, based onthe empty cross sectionof the bed.

The simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene is an organic chemical with the formula It is a white crystalline solid with a distinctive odor that may be detected at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. The structure of naphthalene is a fused pair of benzene rings, making it an aromatic hydrocarbon. The primary component of conventional mothballs is what makes it most well-known.

Two distinct accounts from the early 1820s mentioned a white solid produced by the distillation of coal tar that had a strong odor. In 1821, John Kidd cited these two disclosures and went on to discuss many of the qualities and methods of manufacturing of this drug. He suggested calling it naphthaline.

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According to catastrophists the rate of geological change is slow incremental changes

The catastrophic idea holds that severe, abrupt events with potentially global reach have formed the Earth in substantial part.  Contrast this with uniformitarianism, sometimes known as gradualism, which postulates that all of the Earth's geological features were produced through slow, incremental processes like erosion. Uniformitarians believed that all geological processes, including erosion, were identical throughout history and that the present held the key to understanding the past. Since the initial disagreements, a broader and more comprehensive understanding of geologic events has emerged. The scientific community now acknowledges that there have been some catastrophic events in the past, but that these can be explained as extreme instances of natural processes that can take place.

What is geological change?

dynamic activities or events that take place on the surface of the Earth as a result of the impact of natural factors like wind, moving water, ice, and snow, temperature changes, freezing and thawing, chemical reactions, seismic shaking, and the application of gravity. When a force is greater than the earth's material can withstand, it deforms, moves, or undergoes chemical reactions.

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Am, In, Ta, As, Se, Rn, Hf, Am

Tantalum and hafnium are transition metals.

An inner transition element is americium.

Main group elements include radon, selenium, and indium.

Metalloids include arsenic.

What is transition metals?

The concise IUPAC definition is expanded by Cotton and Wilkinson by detailing which elements are included. They add scandium and yttrium from group 3, which have a partially full d sub-shell in the metallic state, along with the elements of groups 4 to 11.

They classify lanthanum and actinium as group 3 elements, while they are actually categorized as lanthanides and actinides, respectively.

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less than 25 gallons of flammable or combustible liquids can be stored in a room outside of an approved storage cabinet.

less than 60 gallons of flammable or 120 gallons of combustible could be stored in any of the storage cabinet.

Avoid storing flammable liquids on high shelves or in direct sunlight. Store flammable liquids during a well ventilated area. Caution: Never use environmental rooms (also called cold/ warm rooms) to keep flammable, combustible, or other hazardous materials.

When not using flammable liquids should be placed in an appropriate flammable storage cabinet. Individual containers must be clearly marked to point their contents and the degree of flammability. In opinion 50 litres of flammable liquids can be kept in a room within corrective flammable storage cabinets.

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[tex]P_{solvent}[/tex] = [tex]X_{solvent }[/tex] × [tex]P\textdegree _{solvent}[/tex] and

ΔP = [tex]X_{solute}[/tex] ×[tex]P\textdegree _{solvent}[/tex]  are the two options that correctly shows the relationships between solute concentration and solution vapor pressure.

Vapour pressure over a pure liquid as calculated using the Clausius-Claperyron equation. A solution is created when a solute is added to a pure liquid; the pure liquid that was the solute's original container is now the solvent.

Whether the solute is volatile or nonvolatile will determine how the solute affects the vapour pressure above the solution. The sole reason nonvolatile solutes lower the vapour pressure above the solution is because of the solvent molecules.

It is more difficult to combine volatile solutes that produce miscible solutions because each item has a vapour pressure, and the overall vapour pressure is the sum of all the partial vapour pressures.

A solvent plus a solute make up a typical solution. One of the most popular solvents is water, and you may see how various solutes behave in it. Non-volatile solutes, for instance, do not vaporise and release gas. Despite having a low vapour pressure, they typically have a high boiling point.

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The Avogadro's number is used to obtain the required results as;

1) 4.69 g

2) 4.26 g

3) 2.158 g

4) 381 g

5) 348.5 L

6)  1008 L

7) 3.6 L

8) 4.7 * 10^4 g

9) 112 L

The Avogadro’s number could be used to deduce the amount of substance. Let us recall that in the theory of Professor Avogadro, the mole is the number of elementary entities of a substance. In this case these elementary entities is a reference to the atoms, molecules and ions that could be found in the substance. With that in mind, we shall now carry out the calculations.

1)  6.02 * 10^23 atoms of helium has a mass of 4g

7.06 x 10^23  He atoms of He has a mass of 4.69 g

2) 6.02 * 10^23 atoms of Mg has a mass of 24 g

1.07 x 10^23 Mg atoms has a mass of 4.26 g

3) 6.02 * 10^23 molecules of O2 has a mass of 32 g/mol

4.06 x 10^22 molecules of O2 has a mass of 2.158 g

4) 6.02 * 10^23 molecules of CO has a mass of 28 g

8.19 x 10^24 molecules CO has a mass of 381 g

5) Number of moles = 2800g/180 g/mol = 15.56 moles

Given that 1 mole occupies 22.4 L

15.56 moles occupies 348.5 L

6) Given that 1 mole occupies 22.4 L

45 moles occupies 1008 L

7) Number of moles of Fe = 9.2 g/56 = 0.16 moles

Given that 1 mole occupies 22.4 L

0.16 moles occupies 3.6 L

8) 6.02 * 10^23 particles have a mass of 102 g

2.8 x 10^26 particles have a mass of 4.7 * 10^4 g

9) Given that 1 mole occupies 22.4 L

5 moles of the acid occupies 112 L

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Answer:

CO2 and H2O

Explanation:

CO2 and H2O are both compounds

The standard metric unit of time is seconds.

What is the metric system of units?

The most common method for determining height, distance, and other daily objects is the metric system of measurement. Let's use a container of milk as an example. To determine the amount of milk, we use liters, and to determine the height of the jar, we use meters (or centimeters). This is due to the fact that these metric units, often known as SI units, are widely used around the world (International System of Units). Let's get started by finding out more about the metric system.

The basic metric unit of time is seconds.

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