J. R. McNeill and William H. McNeill the human web: a bird’s eye view of world history and a revealing framework of analysis.
Human webs are demonstrated by J. R. McNeill and William H. McNeill to be an essential element of world history and an insightful analytical framework. The McNeills give us a synthesising picture of the major trends in world history in a comprehensive, open-ended, and succinct explanation while avoiding any environmental or cultural determinism.These kinds of world-historical issues, which have been the focus of important books by Jared Diamond, David Landes, and others, are particularly important right now as international tensions rise. Two renowned historians, a father and son, explore the webs that have bound people together in patterns of interaction and exchange, collaboration and competition, since the beginning of time in a passionate and novel contribution to this accelerating conversation.To learn more about human web.
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What route would oxygen in the mother's blood follow to arrive at a body cell of the fetus?
gases exchange occurs through placenta in pregnant women.
Factors that allow oxygen exchange at placenta :
fetal heamoglobin which has strong binding to oxygen due to presence two gamma subunits instead of two beta subunit (which is seen in adult form).2,3BPG binds less strongly to fetal hemoglobin which allow fetal hemoglobin to bind more strongly to the oxygen molecules.mother blood is more rich in oxygen as compared to fetus blood.which leads to diffusion of oxygen through placenta.pH of mother blood is acidic (lower pH).which favours release of oxygen from mothers blood .pH of fetus blood is alkaline which favours uptake of oxygen.To know more about placenta visit : https://brainly.com/question/26959441
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in the late 1800s, a researcher by the name of robert koch developed a series of postulates (guidelines) that can be used to prove that a given pathogen is the true cause of a disease. koch's postulates
A scientist by name of Robert Koch created a set of postulates (recommendations) in the late 1800s that can be used to demonstrate that a certain pathogen is the actual cause of an illness. The Robert Koch postulates are a set of standards for determining whether a specific organism is the root of a specific disease. They were first published in 1890. Koch's theories are still taught in college and high school courses today as proof of the accuracy and reliability of clinical microbiology.
The four Koch postulates are:
1. The diseased animal must contain the microorganism, which cannot be found in healthy animals.
2. The diseased animal's microorganism must be removed, isolated, and then grown in culture.
3. When given to an experimental animal that is healthy, the microorganism must make the animal ill.
4. The microorganism needs to be taken out of the sick experimental animal and proven to be the same microorganism that was first isolated from the sick animal.
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________ is a useful technique in criminal investigations because humans contain many copies of repeating or junk sequences, the length of which can be unique to an individual.
DNA fingerprint is a useful technique in criminal investigations because humans contain many copies of repeating or junk sequences, the length of which can be unique to an individual.
What is DNA fingerprinting?
A DNA fingerprint is a technic that helps identify individuals based on their DNA profilesAlthough most of the human DNA sequences are common in most of the humans, there are several that can vary substantially from individual to individual called variable number tandem repeats. As they vary so much from individual to individual, by comparison of the testing DNA with the DNA of any , it is easy to relate whether both sequences are correspondent to each other.So, DNA fingerprint is a useful technique in criminal investigations because humans contain many copies of repeating or junk sequences, the length of which can be unique to an individual.
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When your first child is six months old, you hang a tire swing from a tree limb in your backyard. The bottom of the tire is six inches from the ground. When your child graduates college 22 years later, the tree is now ten feet taller than it was when you hung the tire swing. Neglecting soil erosion and any increased thickness of the limb, how far from the ground is the bottom of the tire?.
There will be about 6 inches gap between the bottom of the tire which is hanging from a tree limb and the ground. As the axial growth of tree occurs the old branches remain in its own height because of which the gap remains the same.
The primary cause of this is because a tree's development always takes the shape of radial growth. In this case, the axis of the tree or plant continues to produce additional branches. The leaves continue to develop, and the primary branch produces several other little branches.
There are two ways that trees grow. Primary growth refers to growth that occurs at the root and shoot tips and results in height and length increases. Secondary growth refers to development that makes stems and branches thicker. Small regions known as apical meristems are the sites of primary growth.
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Living things do all of the following except
Answer: pass an identical genetic code to their offspring for many generations.
Explanation:
What are indicator species? Why do indicator species play an important role for scientist’s?
Answer:
Indicator species is an organism that reflects an environment's condition.
The reason indicator species play an important role for scientists is because they can signal a change, which will help indicate a problem in the ecosystem.
Explanation:
For example, monarch butterflies are an indicator that an environment is healthy, there reaction is extremely quick when there's a sudden change in the environment.
the small dots are composed of
Answer: matter
Explanation:
every thing is composed of matter
The FitnessGram PACER Test is a multistage aerobic capacity test that progressively gets more difficult as it continues.
The test is used to measure a student's aerobic capacity as part of the FitnessGram assessment. Students run back and forth as many times as they can, each lap signaled by a beep sound. The test get progressively faster as it continues until the student reaches their max lap score.
The PACER Test score is combined in the FitnessGram software with scores for muscular strength, endurance, flexibility and body composition to determine whether a student is in the Healthy Fitness Zone™ or the Needs Improvement Zone™.
Which organisms are members of the lophotrochozoan lineage? group of answer choices
a. mollusks
b. echinoderms
c. sponges
d. insects
e. cnidarians
Annelids, mollusks, bryozoans, brachiopods, platyhelminthes, and other creatures that descended from these organisms' common ancestor are included in the monophyletic group of animals known as Lophotrochozoa. Thus, option A is correct.
What is lophotrochozoan lineage?Mollusks, such as snails, clams, and octopuses, as well as annelids, such as leeches and earthworms, are included in the diverse group of creatures known as lophotrochozoans.
As opposed to the diploblastic cnidarians, which have an embryonic mesoderm sandwiched between their ectoderm and endoderm, lophotrochozoans are triloblastic.
These phyla are similarly bilaterally symmetrical; a longitudinal section of them will separate them into symmetrical right and left sides.
Therefore, mollusks are members of the lophotrochozoan lineage.
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There are two classifications of cells. The simpler kind of cell is a[n]:
A. Eukaryotic cell
B. Plant cell
C. Prokaryotic Cell
D. Animal cell
Answer:
c. Prokaryotic cells
Explanation:
Searched it up.
Food stored in warm, moist places will decay than food stored in cool, dry places.
Warm and moist conditions are the most ideal for decomposition of organic matter and decay of food instead of cool and dry places.
Food spoilage is a result of both natural food degradation and contamination from microbes including bacteria, moulds, and yeasts. When moisture and desired temperatures are present, these breakdown bacteria may proliferate quickly.
An exponential rise in decomposition rates is caused by rising temperature under ideal moisture conditions.
Warm and moist places facilitate growth of detritivores like bacteria and fungus which are saprophytic and degrade the organic matter and decay the food stored in such places. Detritivores favour warm and moist conditions over cool and dry conditions for their growth.
Decomposition is the process of decay and degradation or breakdown of organic matter by bacteria and fungi into smaller substances.
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The nurse counsels the pregnant patient to expect which changes in the respiratory system?
The nurse counsels the pregnant patient to expect the following changes in the respiratory system: The total circumference of the chest cage increases by 6 cm, There is a decrease in the vertical diameter of the thoracic cage, The patient has an increased awareness of the need to breathe.
What is a respiratory system?A respiratory system can be defined as the system that enables the process called inhalation and exhalation to take place.
Inhalation is the process that enables us to breath in and exhalation is the process that enables us to breath out. this two process are important as they are what enables us to live.
The nurse should endeavor to tell the pregnant woman to expect the following changes:
The total circumference of the chest cage increases by 6 cm.There is a decrease in the vertical diameter of the thoracic cage.The patient has an increased awareness of the need to breathe.Therefore the correct options are: B,C,D.
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The complete question is:
The nurse counsels the pregnant patient to expect which changes in the respiratory system? Select all that apply.
a. The chest cage ligaments tighten and restrict full expansion.
b. The total circumference of the chest cage increases by 6 cm.
c. There is a decrease in the vertical diameter of the thoracic cage.
d. The patient has an increased awareness of the need to breathe.
e. The elevation of the diaphragm leads to a decrease in the tidal volume.
Identify the dependent and independent variables in part 2 and make a scatter plot. What conclusion would you draw about whether exposure to cane toads is having a selective effect on black snakes? Explain.
Exposure to cane toads appears to be selecting for black snakes that are less affected by the toxin.
What is a toxin in the body?Animals and plants can produce compounds called toxins that are dangerous (toxic) to humans. Some medications that are beneficial in small quantities but deadly in big doses may also be considered toxins. The majority of poisons that harm people are produced by microorganisms like bacteria.
What kinds of toxins are they?Bacterial toxins.Bacillus anthracis produces the fatal anthrax toxin.One of the most dangerous substances known as botulinum toxin is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.The Bordetella pertussis bacteria, which causes whooping cough, produces the pertussis toxin.To know more about Toxin visit:
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Parkinson's disease produces trimmers and muscular rigidity because of damage to?
Answer:
Parkinson's disease produces trimmers and muscular rigidity because of damage to dopamine-producing neurons.
Explanation:
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a condition that worsens with time and damages the brain's motor nerve cells. Shaking, stiffness, rigidity, and balance problems are observed when neurons that produce dopamine get die. The goal of treatments, which also include medicine, nutrition, activity, and deep neural stimulation surgery, is to minimize symptoms so that patients may enjoy more active lives. The cell body of neurons has branching arms, or dendrites, that serve as antennas and collect information. Axons transport messages out from the cell body. Impulses pass via a tiny distance between 2 nerve cells known as a synapse as they go from one neuron to another neuron, from one the axon among one cell to the dendrites of some other.
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Female spotted sandpipers aggressively court males and, after mating, leave the clutch of young for the male to incubate. This sequence may be repeated several times with different males until no available males remain, forcing the female to incubate her last clutch. Which of the following terms best describes this behavior? a. polygyny b. polyandry c. promiscuity d. certainty of paternity
The correct option is (b) Polyandry
A single female engaging in sexual activity with two men is referred to as polyandry.
To improve their chances of finding mates, organisms have evolved a variety of noticeable morphological and behavioral features. Animals have adapted for sexual selection in a variety of ways, including coloration, calling, size increase, nesting, pheromones, and many other traits.Polyandry is a tactic employed by females to broaden the diversity of the colony. In the described situation, female spotted sandpipers mate with several males on multiple occasions.Therefore, the term "polyandry" best characterizes how female spotted sandpipers behave.Learn more about the Polyandry with the help of the given link:
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Which instruction would the nurse provide a client needing to collect a clean-catch urine specimen?
The instruction which the nurse would provide a client needing to collect a clean-catch urine specimen is "Do not touch the inside of the container" and is denoted as option C.
What is a Specimen?This is defined as a material or organism which are used for examination or study and can be collected using various means.
Collecting a clean-catch urine specimen means that there should be very minimal bacteria from the skin in the sample which is the reason why the inside of the container shouldn't be touched.
This is therefore why option C was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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The options are:
"Save all urine for 24 hours.""Use the sponges to cleanse the urethra, and then initiate voiding directly into the cup.""Do not touch the inside of the container.""You will receive an isotope injection, then I will collect your urine."The observations and hypotheses that arise from epidemiology can be tested through?
Answer:
clinical trials
Explanation:
observations and hypotheses arise from epidemiology can be tested using. clinical trials. studies that explore the effects of altering people's diets.
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interspecies recombination, and not de novo mutation, maintains virulence after β-lactam resistance acquisition in streptococcus pneumoniae.
Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) remain a leading cause of death worldwide in children under the age of five.
This nasopharyngeal commensal and respiratory pathogen cause a range of severe infections in both infants and adults, including pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis.
As pneumococcus is endemic worldwide, its ability to develop antibiotic resistance is a global challenge (Appelbaum, 1987). High levels of resistance have been observed in Africa.
There are two main mechanisms by which pneumococci gain antibiotic resistance: the modification of core genes encoding antibiotic targets, often through homologous recombination, and the acquisition of specialized resistance genes on mobile genetic elements (MGEs).
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When a parasite lives inside the human gastrointestinal tract, absorbing some of the human's nutrients at the human's expense, it is considered a(n) __________ interaction.
When a parasite lives inside the human gastrointestinal tract, absorbing some of the human's nutrients at the human's expense, it is considered an exploitative interaction.
What are parasitic interactions?Parasitic interactions are a special class of ecological relationship in which an organism benefits and another (the host) is harmed.
In conclusion, when a parasite lives inside the human gastrointestinal tract, absorbing some of the human's nutrients at the human's expense, it is considered an exploitative interaction.
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Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with a blood supply? a. the lungs of a vertebrate b. the gills of a fish c. the tracheal system of an insect d. the skin of an earthworm
The correct option is (c) Tracheal system of an insect
Tracheal system of an insect is not closely associated with a blood supply.
Describe respiratory system of insect.An insect's respiratory system is a biological mechanism that it uses to exchange gases after introducing them into its core. Blood is not involved in the exchange of gases because they take place directly between the tracheae and tissues. Insects' respiratory systems receive air via a network of exterior apertures known as spiracles. These exterior apertures, which in certain insects serve as muscle valves, connect to the tracheae, an intricate network of tubes that make up the respiratory system inside the body. This system's network of transverse and longitudinal tracheae balances pressure.Learn more about the respiratory system of insects with the help of the given link:
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How do the tails account for the hydrophobic nature of fats? (See Concept 3.2.)
The tails account for the hydrophobic nature of fats as a result of it consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms which are non polar thereby making it a hydrophobic molecule.
What is a Phospholipid?This refers to a biomolecule which forms a major part of the cell membrane and consists of compounds which include the following below:
Two fatty acidsA glycerol unit.A phosphate group.It consists of two parts which are hydrophilic head and the hydrophobic tail. The tail of the phospholipid is hydrophobic which is the reason why they face the inside which is away from the water.
They however meet in the inner region of the membrane which is why they are regarded as the water fearing part of the molecule. On the other hand, the hydrophilic head is referred to as the water loving part because it consists of phosphate-containing group that is attached to a glycerol thereby making it polar.
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What type of vegetation would you expect to find on an abandoned farm that has remained undisturbed for 150 years?.
A mature oak forest of vegetation would you expect to find on an abandoned farm that has remained undisturbed for 150 years. Although it may only live for 600 years on many settings, oaks can thrive for 1,000 years.
Although many will exhibit ancient features as early as 300 years, oak is only classified as ancient after 400 years. A senior oak typically has between 150 and 300 years of age, whereas a noted oak has between 150 and 200vegetation. According to legend, the Pechanga great oak, California, is the oldest living oak in the world and may have existed for at least 2000 years.
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Question 7 of 10
Which step is part of the engineering design process but is not part of a
scientific investigation?
A. Identifying criteria and constraints
B. Solving a problem
C. Performing tests
D. Using math and measurements
The step that is part of the engineering design process but is not part of a scientific investigation is solving a problem (Option B is correct).
What is the scientific method?The scientific method is a series of sequential steps used to collect empirical evidence and thus test hypotheses, which is used both in science and engineering (but engineering also involves solving a given problem).
In conclusion, the step that is part of the engineering design process but is not part of a scientific investigation is solving a problem (Option B is correct).
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Help please. I really need it
Answer:
Populations, communities, and ecosystems
Explanation:
Biological organization is the hierarchy of complex biological structures and systems that define life using a reductionistic approach. The traditional hierarchy extends from atoms to biospheres.
-Atoms join together to form molecules that make up cells. In more complex living things, cells join to form tissues, which form organs (structures that perform specific functions in the body)
-Biological organization extends beyond the individual to populations, communities, ecosystems, and finally the biosphere.
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Jane was in a bike accident, not wearing a helmet. now she has trouble producing language. what part of her brain was most likely damaged?
If Jane was a bike accident that damaged her brain and now she has trouble producing language, then the most likely damaged part of her brain is Broca's area.
What is Broca's area?The Broca's area is a region of the brain directly associated with speech which is found near the motor cerebral cortex area in the inferior frontal gyrus.
Broca area is mainly implicated in roles such as the speech and therefore health complications in this brain region are associated with language problems.
In conclusion, if Jane was a bike accident that damaged her brain and now she has trouble producing language, then the most likely damaged part of her brain is Broca's area.
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List and provide examples of three types of phosphorylation reactions that generate atp.
Three examples of phosphorylation are glucose phosphorylation, protein phosphorylation andand oxidative phosphorylation.
How many types of phosphorylation are there ?The conversion of ADP to ATP can occur through two kinds of phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation . The primary difference between these two processes lies in the source of the free energy used to drive phosphorylation.
So ,the three examples of phosphorylation are oxidative, protein and glucose phosphorylation.
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If all of the detritus leaving the marsh is plant material, what proportion of all net primary production leaves the marsh as detritus each year?
If all of the detritus leaving the marsh is plant material, 56% proportion of all net primary production leaves the marsh as detritus each year
Detritus, as opposed to dissolved organic material, is dead particulate organic material in biology. Detritus typically consists of feces and the carcasses or remains of dead organisms. Communities of microbes that colonize and breakdown (i.e., remineralizer) detritus are frequently found in it. It exists as leaf litter and other organic debris in terrestrial habitats.
When these detritus feeders ingest detritus with microorganisms proliferating on it, they mostly digest and absorb the protein-rich microorganisms and excrete the detritus, which is primarily composed of complex carbohydrates, with hardly any of it having been broken down.
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1: which of the following best defines homeostasis.
A: The maintenance of an organism's internal environment within certain limits.
B: The Ability of an organism to find a mate
C: The Ability of an organism go find its own food.
D: The maintenance of an organism's external environment within broad limits.
2: Which statement best represents how structure relates to function.
A: Great White sharks have sharp serrated teeth for tearing into their prey
B: A horses and is often black.
C: Many tropical birds can be taught to speak. some insects live longer than others.
1. The maintenance of an organism's internal environment within certain limits.
2. Great White sharks have sharp serrated teeth for tearing into their prey.
A state of balance between all body systems is necessary for the body to survive and function properly. Homeostasis is the ability or tendency of an organism to maintain internal stability to compensate for environmental changes. The characteristic of life that best describes homeostatic processes is the adaptation of an organism to its environment.
Structure and function refer to the location and role of various tissues, organs, and organ systems that work together. Structure determines function, and when structure changes, function changes. A change in the form leads to a change in function. Form and function are related, and form determines function.
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Molecular chaperones can work by creating an ""isolation chamber. "" what is the purpose of this chamber?.
Molecular chaperones can work by creating an ""isolation chamber. "" The purpose of this chamber is to separate the unfolded protein from interacting with other proteins in the cytosol, until it is complete folded.
Molecular chaperones are the proteins are involved in various purposes inside the cell. The most essential function of chaperones is to regulate the proper folding of the proteins. They also regulate the proteins that are misfolded. The example of chaperones are heat-shock proteins.
Proteins are the polymers of amino acids that are involved in various activities of the cell. These are formed by the translation of the m-RNA. Proteins are most essential for the body-building and repair of the damaged tissues.
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Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain __________.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain DNA.
What is DNA?This is also called deoxyribonucleic acid and is known as the genetic material of living organisms. DNA is responsible for the passing of different types of traits from parent to offspring.
DNA is present in organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts as they are involved in the different types of growth and reproductive processes which occurs in the cells of organisms. It is also present in the nucleus of cells because it controls and regulates the metabolic activities which occur in the cell.
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if a woman produced two ova in the same month and these are fertilized by two different sperm cells, the result would be monozygotic twins.
The statement indicating that if a woman produced two ova in the same month and these are fertilized by two different sperm cells, the result would be monozygotic twins is False.
What are monozygotic twins?Monozygotic twins have identical genetic material because they derive from the same zygote cell, which is produced by fertilization from a single sperm with an ovule egg.
Conversely, the twins that are generated two ova in the same month fertilized by two different sperm cells are genetically different between both and therefore they have different genetic backgrounds (i.e., distinct genes) which determines the phenotypic features of the organisms, in this case twins.
In conclusion, the statement indicating that if a woman produced two ova in the same month and these are fertilized by two different sperm cells, the result would be monozygotic twins is False.
Complete question:
Answer True or False according to the information in the reading.
If a woman produced two ova in the same month and these are fertilized by two different sperm cells, the result would be monozygotic twins.
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