jj thomson discover the atoms negatively charge particles what he called​

Answer: Mixing a solution of H₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ in water at the appropriate ratios is a means of creating a buffer of H₂CO₃/NaHCO₃.

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Explanation:

A solution which can resists change in its pH value even when small amount of acid or base are added to it is called the buffer solution. Based on pH, buffer are of two types acidic and basic buffer. The given buffer is an acidic buffer. The correct option is A.

An acidic buffer is prepared by mixing solutions of a weak acid and its salt from a strong base in suitable proportions. An equimolar mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate solutions forms an acidic buffer. It maintains the pH around 4.74.

The mixture of  H₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ acts as an acidic buffer solution. In the presence of NaHCO₃ , the concentration of salt increases. So the term log [salt]/[acid] also increases. The given mixture contains an acid and a conjugate base. So it is an excellent buffer.

H₂CO₃/NaHCO₃ maintains pH of our blood.

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Answer:

K3PO4 + Al(NO3)3 → 3KNO3 + AlPO4

The stoichiometry of the reaction indicates that 1 mole of K3PO4 produces 3 moles of KNO3.

Therefore, to calculate the moles of KNO3 produced, we need to multiply the moles of K3PO4 by the stoichiometric coefficient of KNO3, which is 3:

Moles of KNO3 = 15.7 moles K3PO4 x (3 moles KNO3/1 mole K3PO4) = 47.1 moles KNO3

So, 15.7 moles of K3PO4 will produce 47.1 moles of KNO3.

Explanation:

When the reactants and products of a chemical reaction are in equilibrium, the reaction is referred to as an equilibrium reaction.

When the rate of products becoming reactants is equal to the rate of reactants becoming products, equilibrium has been reached. Chemical equilibrium has four requirements:

Practically speaking, these conditions indicate that the reaction cannot absorb or lose substances (gases, liquids, etc.) from the environment. There must be a response that has both a forward and a backward reaction that can counterbalance one another. Both reactants and products must be present in the reaction.

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The amount of CO2 produced by the reaction of 64.0 moles of CO is 64.0 moles.

According to the balanced chemical equation, 64.0 moles of CO react with Fe2O3:

Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) ----> 2Fe (l) + 3CO2 (g)

We can see that 3 moles of CO2 are produced for every 3 moles of CO reacted. As a result, we can calculate the number of moles of CO2 using the mole ratio of CO2 to CO, which is 3:3 or 1:1. Because we have 64.0 moles of CO, we will produce the same amount of CO2, which is also 64.0 moles.

As a result, the amount of CO2 produced by the reaction of 64.0 moles of CO is 64.0 moles. These data help calculate the theoretical yield of a reaction and determine the stoichiometry of an equilibrated chemical equation.

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Hydrogen bonds are the sort of intermolecular force present in the sample molecule.

A hydrogen atom develops a strong dipole-dipole contact with another electronegative atom in a neighboring molecule when it is covalently bound to a strongly electronegative element (such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine). This is known as hydrogen bonding.

The electronegative oxygen atom in the given molecule, which can also establish a hydrogen bond with another electronegative atom (such as another oxygen or nitrogen atom) in an adjacent molecule, is bound to the hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom in the middle.

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Answer:

there are 0.5 molecules of hydrogen

Murray Gell-Mann, George Zweig, and other scientists developed the Standard Model of particle physics to explain and unify the behavior of subatomic particles, which are the fundamental building blocks of matter.

Prior to the development of the Standard Model, physicists had discovered a large number of subatomic particles and had organized them into a confusing and seemingly chaotic menagerie. There were mesons, baryons, hadrons, leptons, and many other types of particles, each with their own unique properties and behaviors. It was unclear how all these particles fit together or what underlying principles governed their behavior.

The Standard Model provided a framework for understanding the behavior of subatomic particles based on a set of fundamental particles and forces. According to the Standard Model, all matter is made up of six types of quarks, six types of leptons, and four fundamental forces: the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, electromagnetism, and gravity. These particles and forces are described by a set of equations that can be used to predict their behavior in a wide range of situations.

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high pressure and heat is needed for coal to form

The correct answer is (B) high pressure and heat.

Coal is a fossil fuel that forms over millions of years from dead plant material. The process of coal formation begins with the accumulation of organic matter, such as leaves, branches, and other plant material, in a low-oxygen environment, such as a swamp or bog.Over time, the weight of the sediment above the organic matter compresses it and the heat from the earth's core increases the temperature, causing chemical and physical changes to occur. This process, known as coalification, results in the formation of different types of coal, such as lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, and anthracite, depending on the degree of heat and pressure applied.

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The correct answers are A, B, C, D, and E.  A is sunlight, D is ATP, B is H2O,  C is CO2 + C6H12O6, and F is CO2 + H2O.  

In cellular respiration, the products and reactants for photosynthesis are switched around: Carbon dioxide and water, which are byproducts of cellular respiration, are the reactants in photosynthesis. Oxygen and sugar, byproducts of photosynthesis, are the reactants of cellular respiration.

The reactants are oxygen and glucose, and the products are carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

The reactants in the process of cellular respiration are oxygen and glucose. ATP is the primary product of cellular respiration, and carbon dioxide and water are waste products.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

The balanced reaction equation is; 4A + 6B2 ----> 4AB3

A balanced reaction equation is a chemical equation that shows the complete chemical reaction, with the same number of atoms of each element on both the reactant and product side. In other words, the total number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation.

Balancing a chemical equation involves adjusting the coefficients (numbers in front of the chemical formulas) in order to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation. This is important because in a chemical reaction, atoms are not created or destroyed, but only rearranged into new molecules.

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So, 5.47 x 22.4 = 122 L has now become the volume of oxygen.

Depending on the type of combination and where the carbon atom is attached, oxygen can be divided into three volumes: 251, 445, and 753.

You really do have to know a box's height, breadth, and depth in order to determine its volume. These three dimensions can be multiplied to determine the volume.

The volume of a three-dimensional item is expressed in cubic units and represents the amount of space it occupies. On the other hand, an item's mass can be used to calculate how much matter it contains. The most frequent method of calculating mass is by weighing an object (in units like pounds or kilograms).

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Initial temperature of the water was 62.5°C.

The specific heat capacity of water is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. It is an important property of water because it makes it a good heat storage medium, which is why it is used in many cooling and heating systems.

We can use the formula Q = mcΔT, where Q is the heat absorbed, m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Since the water is heated until it just begins to boil, we know that ΔT = 100°C (the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure).

The specific heat capacity of water is c = 4.184 J/(g·°C).

Plugging in the values we know, we get:

4.81×10^5 J = (2230 g) × (4.184 J/(g·°C)) × (100°C - initial temperature)

Simplifying and solving for the initial temperature, we get:

initial temperature = 100°C - (4.81×10^5 J) / (2230 g × 4.184 J/(g·°C))

= 62.5°C

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Answer: D. Metal easily conducts heat, but plastic doesn't.

Explanation: because plastic is a bad conductor of heat so the metallic pans are provided with handles made up of plastic to avoid hands getting burned due to the heat of the pan.

The reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium is K=2.0 105; regardless of the initial concentrations, the equilibrium constant is constant for the given reaction.

Temperature-dependent equilibrium constants are unaffected by the amount of a reaction, the presence of a catalyst, or inert substances. Moreover, it is unaffected by reactant quantities, pressures, or concentrations. In general, the reaction determines how much the equilibrium constant depends on temperature.

The balanced equation's form determines the equilibrium constant for a reaction. K is inverted if the equation is turned around. K is increased to the nth power if the equation is multiplied by n different factors.

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The separation technique for each of the mixtures are:

Separation techniques in chemistry are used to isolate or purify substances from a mixture. There are many different separation techniques used in chemistry, including:

Distillation: This technique is used to separate two or more liquids based on their boiling points. The mixture is heated until one of the liquids evaporates, and then the vapor is collected and condensed to separate it from the other liquids.

Filtration: This technique is used to separate a solid from a liquid or a gas. The mixture is passed through a filter, which traps the solid and allows the liquid or gas to pass through.

Chromatography: This technique is used to separate different components of a mixture based on their physical and chemical properties. The mixture is passed through a stationary phase, which separates the components based on their interactions with the phase.

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The mass of  [tex]Mg(OH)2[/tex] in a 215 mL of a 0.350 M solution is 4.386 kg where the number of moles is  75.25.

Given the volume of solution of [tex]Mg(OH)2[/tex]= 215mL

The concentration of solution of[tex]Mg(OH)2[/tex]= 0.350M

Let the mass of [tex]Mg(OH)2[/tex] solution = m

We know the mass of solution by calculating the number of moles of substance. Since we are given the volume of the solution (215 mL) and the molarity (0.350 M), we can calculate the number of moles of [tex]Mg(OH)2[/tex]using the formula M = n/V, where M is molarity, n is the number of moles, and V is the volume.

n = M x V

n = 0.350 * 215 = 75.25 moles of [tex]Mg(OH)2[/tex]

Now that we know the number of moles of [tex]Mg(OH)2[/tex], we can calculate the mass of [tex]Mg(OH)2[/tex] in the solution.

Mass = n x Molar Mass

the molar mass of [tex]Mg(OH)2[/tex] = (58.32 g/mol)  

Mass = 75.25 moles x 58.32 g/mol

Mass = 4.386 kg of  [tex]Mg(OH)2[/tex]

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The impact that is NOT associated with using gasoline mixed with ethanol instead of pure petroleum-based gasoline is D) decreases acid rain.

Explain about gasoline ?

Gasoline is a flammable liquid fuel that is widely used to power internal combustion engines in automobiles, boats, small engines, and other machinery. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, which are molecules composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Gasoline is derived from crude oil through a refining process that separates it from other petroleum products. The refining process can also vary the composition of gasoline, creating different grades and blends that are suited to different purposes.

Gasoline is highly combustible and must be handled with care.

The impact that is NOT associated with using gasoline mixed with ethanol instead of pure petroleum-based gasoline is D) decreases acid rain.

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The concentration of the dextrose solution that the EMT can make is 0.2295 M.

We need to know the number of moles of dextrose in the solution and the total volume of the solution.

First, we need to convert the mass of dextrose from grams to moles using its molar mass. The molar mass of dextrose (C6H12O6) is 180.16 g/mol. Therefore:

Number of moles of dextrose = 5 g / 180.16 g/mol = 0.02777 mol

Next, we need to calculate the total volume of the solution in liters. We can convert the given volume of 121 mL to liters by dividing by 1000:

Total volume of solution = 121 mL / 1000 = 0.121 L

Finally, we can calculate the molarity of the solution using the formula:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution

Molarity = 0.02777 mol / 0.121 L = 0.2295 M

Therefore, the concentration of the dextrose solution that the EMT can make is 0.2295 M.

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The partial pressure of Ne in the container is 7.70 atm, and the partial pressure of Ar is 3.90 atm.

option C.

To calculate the partial pressure of Ne and Ar in the container, we need to use the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where;

We can first calculate the number of moles of Ne and Ar:

n(Ne) = 10.0 g / 20.18 g/mol = 0.495 mol

n(Ar) = 10.0 g / 39.95 g/mol = 0.250 mol

The total number of moles of gas in the container is:

n(total) = n(Ne) + n(Ar) = 0.495 mol + 0.250 mol = 0.745 mol

We can now use the ideal gas law to calculate the total pressure of the gas mixture:

P(total) = (n(total) * R * T) / V

Plugging in the values, we get:

P(total) = (0.745 mol * 0.08206 Latm/molK * 310 K) / 1.60 L = 11.6 atm

The partial pressure of Ne and Ar can be calculated using their mole fraction in the gas mixture:

X(Ne) = n(Ne) / n(total) = 0.495 mol / 0.745 mol = 0.664

X(Ar) = n(Ar) / n(total) = 0.250 mol / 0.745 mol = 0.336

The partial pressure of Ne and Ar are:

P(Ne) = X(Ne) * P(total) = 0.664 * 11.6 atm = 7.70 atm

P(Ar) = X(Ar) * P(total) = 0.336 * 11.6 atm = 3.90 atm

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The correct nuclide symbol for this atom is: D. ¹³²⁴⁶Ge, where ¹³² is the mass number (protons + neutrons) and ⁴⁶Ge is the chemical symbol for the element germanium, which has 32 protons.

An atom is the basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom and are collectively known as nucleons. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number of the atom, which in turn determines the identity of the element. Each element has a unique atomic number, and the elements are arranged in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in shells or energy levels. The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom's shells determine its chemical and physical properties, such as reactivity, conductivity, and melting point.

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The balanced combustion reactions are: 1. 2 Si(s) + O₂(g) → 2 SiO₂(s) 2. C₉H₂0(l) + 14 O₂(g) → 9 CO₂(g) + 10 H₂O(g)

3. C₄H₁₀O(l) + 6 O₂(g) → 4 CO₂(g) + 5 H₂O(g)

4. SiC(s) + 2 O₂(g) → SiO₂(s) + CO₂(g)

A combustion reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between a fuel (such as a hydrocarbon) and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen) to produce heat and usually light in the form of a flame. During the reaction, the fuel is oxidized, and carbon dioxide and water vapor are produced as waste products.

Combustion reactions are exothermic, which means they release energy in the form of heat. They are often used to produce energy in engines and power plants, as well as in various industrial processes. Combustion reactions are also important in the environment, as they play a role in the carbon cycle and can contribute to air pollution when incomplete combustion occurs.

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(i). The % ionization of the basic drug at a pH of 7.4 is: % ionization = 16.6%. (ii). The % ionization of the acidic drug at a pH of 6.2 is: % ionization = 71.5%

(i) To determine the % ionization of a basic drug at a pH of 7.4, we need to compare the drug's pKb to the pH of the environment. The pKb is the negative logarithm of the drug's base dissociation constant, which measures the drug's tendency to accept protons and become ionized.

At a pH of 7.4, which is lower than the pKb of 8.2, the drug will be partially ionized. The degree of ionization can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKb + log([A-]/[HA])

where [A-] represents the concentration of the ionized form of the drug and [HA] represents the concentration of the unionized form of the drug.

Solving for [A-]/[HA], we get:

[A-]/[HA] = 10^(pH-pKb) = 10^(7.4-8.2) = 0.1995

Therefore, the % ionization of the basic drug at a pH of 7.4 is:

% ionization = [A-]/([A-] + [HA]) x 100% = 0.1995/(0.1995 + 1) x 100% = 16.6%

(ii) To determine the % ionization of an acidic drug at a pH of 6.2, we need to compare the drug's pKa to the pH of the environment. The pKa is the negative logarithm of the drug's acid dissociation constant, which measures the drug's tendency to donate protons and become ionized.

At a pH of 6.2, which is higher than the pKa of 5.1, the drug will be partially ionized. The degree of ionization can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

where [A-] represents the concentration of the ionized form of the drug and [HA] represents the concentration of the unionized form of the drug.

Solving for [A-]/[HA], we get:

[A-]/[HA] = 10^(pH-pKa) = 10^(6.2-5.1) = 2.5119

Therefore, the % ionization of the acidic drug at a pH of 6.2 is:

% ionization = [A-]/([A-] + [HA]) x 100% = 2.5119/(2.5119 + 1) x 100% = 71.5%

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3.47 moles Li is made up of 3.01x1023 atoms. The cubic body-centered structure of lithium metal. Its molarity is 6.94 g mol1, and its dense is 0.53 g cm3. Determine the lithium metal unit cell's edge.

Correct option  is, A.

Lithium has a mass number of 7. Every element's mass number is equal to the sum of its protons and neutrons. With data from the Cyclic Table of Elements, you can calculate the number if neutrons, protons, or the mass number of each element. Since lithium has a 3 atomic number, that has 3 protons.

Lithium-7 is a stable (non-radioactive) isotope of the metal lithium. Both naturally occuring and produced by fission. Lithium 7 metal is one of the almost 250 metal based isotopes that American Element produces for base material, biological and medical tagging, or other purposes.

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Answer:

Combination reactions: In this type of reaction, two or more substances combine to form a single product. The general form of the equation is A + B → AB. An example of a combination reaction is:

2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl

Decomposition reactions: In this type of reaction, a single reactant breaks down into two or more products. The general form of the equation is AB → A + B. An example of a decomposition reaction is:

2H2O → 2H2 + O2

Single replacement reactions: In this type of reaction, one element replaces another element in a compound. The general form of the equation is A + BC → AC + B. An example of a single replacement reaction is:

Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu

Double replacement reactions: In this type of reaction, two compounds exchange ions to form two new compounds. The general form of the equation is AB + CD → AD + CB. An example of a double replacement reaction is:

NaCl + AgNO3 → NaNO3 + AgCl

Combustion reactions: In this type of reaction, a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light. The general form of the equation is A + O2 → CO2 + H2O. An example of a combustion reaction is:

C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

Two types of salts are:

Acid salts: These are salts that contain hydrogen ions. An example of an acid salt is sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4).

Basic salts: These are salts that contain hydroxide ions. An example of a basic salt is copper(II) hydroxide carbonate (Cu2(OH)2CO3).

Four methods of preparing salts and their balanced chemical equations are:

Acid-base reaction: This involves the reaction of an acid and a base to produce a salt and water. The general form of the equation is acid + base → salt + water. An example of an acid-base reaction is:

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

Precipitation reaction: This involves the reaction of two solutions to produce an insoluble salt, which can be collected by filtration. The general form of the equation is A + B → AB(s). An example of a precipitation reaction is:

AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl(s) + NaNO3

Direct combination: This involves the reaction of two elements to produce a salt. The general form of the equation is A + B → AB. An example of direct combination is:

Sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride

Neutralization reaction: This involves the reaction of an acid and a base to produce a salt and water. The general form of the equation is acid + base → salt + water. An example of a neutralization reaction is:

H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Explanation:

An experiment in which the starting concentration of hydrogen peroxide , the concentration of H₂O₂ 450 minutes after the reaction started is 0.104 M.

Option B is correct.

A chemical reaction of the first order in which the rate of the reaction is solely determined by the concentration of a single reactant raised to the first power is known as a first-order reaction. To put it another way, the concentration of the reactant has a direct bearing on the rate of the reaction.

The rate law for a first-order reaction can be obtained by:

                          rate = k[H₂O₂]

The rate constant for the acid-catalyzed breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, k = 1.33 x 104 min1, is given to us. The integrated rate law for a first-order reaction must be utilized in order to ascertain the H₂O₂ concentration after 450 minutes:

                           ln([H₂O₂]t/[H₂O₂]0) = -kt

where [H₂O₂]t is the concentration of H₂O₂ at time t, [H₂O₂]0 is the initial concentration of H₂O₂, k is the rate constant, and t is time. Solving for [H₂O₂]t, we get:

                                   [H₂O₂]t = [H₂O₂]0

Substituting the given values, we get:

                                      [H₂O₂]450 = 0.110 M e⁻¹.³³ˣ¹⁰⁻⁴ˣ⁴⁵⁰

[H₂O₂]450 = 0.104 M

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The concentration of free Hg²⁺ ions in the solution is extremely low, which is much less than the solubility product of Hg(OH)2, Ksp= 3.0×10⁻²⁶. Therefore, Hg(OH)₂ will not precipitate from the solution.

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. In a solution, the solute is uniformly dispersed in the solvent. The solute can be a solid, liquid, or gas, while the solvent is usually a liquid, such as water.

Solutions can be classified as dilute or concentrated, depending on the amount of solute present in the solution. A dilute solution has a low concentration of solute, while a concentrated solution has a high concentration of solute.

To determine whether Hg(OH)₂ will precipitate from the solution, we need to calculate the concentration of free Hg²⁺ ions in the presence of EDTA⁻⁴. We can use the formation constant (Kf) of HgEDTA⁻² to calculate the concentration of HgEDTA⁻² complex ion:

Hg²⁺ + EDTA⁻⁴ → HgEDTA⁻², Kf = 6.3×10²¹

The equilibrium constant expression for this reaction is:

Kf = [Hg]/([Hg²⁺][EDTA⁻⁴])

We can rearrange this equation to solve for the concentration of free Hg²⁺ ions:

[Hg²⁺] = [HgEDTA⁻²]/(Kf[EDTA⁻⁴])

We are given that the concentration of Hg(NO3)2 is 0.025 M, which means the concentration of  Hg²⁺ ions is also 0.025 M. We can assume that all the  Hg²⁺ ions are complexed with EDTA⁻⁴, so the concentration of HgEDTA⁻² complex ion is also 0.025 M.

Therefore,

[ Hg²⁺] = [HgEDTA⁻²]/(Kf[EDTA⁻⁴])

[ Hg²⁺] = (0.025 M)/(6.3×10²¹ × 0.10 M)

[ Hg²⁺] = 3.97 × 10⁻²⁷ M

The concentration of free Hg²⁺ ions in the solution is extremely low, which is much less than the solubility product of Hg(OH)2, Ksp= 3.0×10⁻²⁶. Therefore, Hg(OH)2 will not precipitate from the solution.

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Answer:

The new volume of the gas is 278.7 mL.

Explanation:

To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law:

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, and T is the temperature.

We can start by plugging in the given values for the initial state of the gas:

P₁ is not given, so we can assume it remains constant.

V₁ = 325 mL

T₁ = 57°C + 273.15 = 330.15 K

Now we can solve for P₂V₂/T₂:

P₂V₂/T₂ = P₁V₁/T₁

We want to solve for V₂, so we can rearrange the equation:

V₂ = (P₁V₁/T₁) * T₂/P₂

We are given that the pressure remains constant, so P₁ = P₂.

Now we can plug in the remaining values:

V₂ = (P₁V₁/T₁) * T₂/P₂

V₂ = (P₁ * 325 mL / 330.15 K) * (10°C + 273.15) / P₁

V₂ = 278.7 mL

Therefore, the new volume of the gas is 278.7 mL.

Hope I helped you!

Answer:

Combustion analysis

Explanation:

Combustion analysis can only establish a compound's empirical formula; it cannot establish the compound's molecular formula.