Debt instruments include things like bonds, credit cards, credit lines, loans, and loans. Usually, when we use the word "debt instrument," we mean debt capital that has been raised by institutional institutions. Governments and both private and public corporations can be considered institutional institutions.
A financial investment whose price is based only on its market value is referred to as a primary instrument. Cash-traded goods including equities, bonds, currencies, and spot commodities are examples of primary instruments.
Complete Resolution Assets that need a fixed payment with interest to the holder are referred to as debt instruments. Bonds and mortgages are two examples (corporate or government). Stocks are not considered a type of debt instrument.
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A country has a trade deficit of $20 billion with its trading partners over a
year. Which change would cause the country to have a trade surplus the
following year, assuming everything else remains the same?
A The
country increases its
imports by $30 billion.
B. The country decreases its imports by $10 billion.
C. The country increases its exports by $30 billion.
D. The country decreases its exports by $10 billion.
The answer is C. The country increases its exports by $30 billion.
US inflation is expected to reach 8.30% by the end of the quarter, according to Trading Economics global macro models and analyst forecasts. Longer term, US inflation is projected to be around 1.90% in 2023, according to our econometric model.
What will be the inflation rate in 2022?
United States Inflation Summary in August 2022
The Consumer Price Index in the United States in August 2022 is 296.171. The year-on-year inflation rate is 8.263% (compared with 8.525% the previous month). . Inflation from July 2022 to August 2022 is -0.035%
Is Inflation Good or Bad? , believes that low inflation helps boost economic growth. The opposite of inflation is deflation, where prices tend to fall. The Federal Reserve is targeting 2% inflation based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
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Outline the importance of timelines and Gantt charts breakdown structure
A Gantt chart depicts the completion of every work in a task with the use of timelines. those timelines give an explanation of how the various tasks are related.
Gantt charts are beneficial due to the fact they show the activities and progress of an undertaking. Gantt charts display how work on a project can most effectively begin after another challenge has been completed.
Gantt charts are beneficial for making plans and scheduling tasks. They help you investigate how long a project must take, decide the resources needed, and plan the order in which you may whole tasks. they may be also beneficial for dealing with the dependencies between obligations.
Timeline charts are quite flexible visual charts that are used to illustrate a fixed of occasions chronologically. they may be a wonderful device for conceptualizing event sequences or processes to advantage insights into the nuances of an undertaking.
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when its beer sales were flat, budweiser became interested in entering the premixed cocktail segment by providing a product that would appeal to those who don’t enjoy traditional beer. it launched bud light lime-a-rita, a margarita-flavored, beer-based cocktail, sold in cans and bottles and best served over ice. this is an example of multiple choice product innovation. market penetration. product penetration. market development. diversification.
Marketing process of Diversification can be seen in the when beer sales were flat, budweiser became interested in entering the premixed cocktail segment by providing a product that would appeal to those who don’t enjoy traditional beer.
What is meant by Diversification ?
A risk management method called diversification combines a wide range of investments within a portfolio. An effort is made to reduce exposure to any one asset or risk by including a variety of different asset classes and investment vehicles in a diversified portfolio.
This strategy is justified by the idea that a portfolio made up of various asset classes will, generally speaking, produce superior long-term returns and reduce the risk of any given holding or security.
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In 2019 net worth represented ____ of the liabilities and net worth of commercial banks.
In 2019 net worth represented about 11% of the liabilities and net worth of commercial banks.
Net worth is the total sum of your financial assets less the total value of your liabilities, or debts. Assets are what you own, such as currency in bank accounts, savings accounts, and retirement funds.The value remaining after subtracting liabilities from assets is an individual's net worth. Debts such as mortgages, credit card balances, student loans, and vehicle loans are examples of liabilities. Bills and taxes are examples of commitments that must be paid as liabilities.Bank assets primarily consist of various types of loans and marketable securities, as well as reserves of base money, which can be stored as genuine central bank notes and coins or as a credit (deposit) balance with the central bank.Thus this is the meaning of net worth.
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the administrative duty is best described by: handling the important executive side of the project. the ability to provide leadership for the pr
the administrative duty is best described by handling the important executive side of the project.
A commitment or expectation to carry out some action generally or if particular circumstances exist is known as a duty (from "due" meaning "that which is owing"; Old French: deu, did, past participle of devoir; Latin: debere, debitum, from "debt"). A system of ethics or morality may give rise to an obligation, especially in cultures where honor is valued. A lot of obligations are imposed by law, and they may come with a written punishment or liability for non-performance. It may be necessary to give up some self-interest in order to fulfill one's duty. In his work "On Duty," the early Roman philosopher Cicero says that there are four possible ways that obligations can arise.
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management disclosure of the likely impact of implementing recently issued accounting standards is least likely to:
Management disclosure of the likely impact of implementing recently issued accounting standards is least likely to state that the impact of the quality is impossible to determine.
Etymologically, the definition of management is an art of directing others to realize the main goals of an organization or business through the process of planning, organizing, managing, and controlling resources in an efficient and efficient manner.
A disclosure that's required for public companies is the likely impact of implementing recently issued accounting standards. Management can discuss the impact of adopting the quality, conclude that the quality does not apply or will not affect the financial statements materially, or state that they're still evaluating the effects of the new standards. Analysts should remember of the uncertainty that this last statement implies.
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3. high tech, inc., is a public company that produces laser and ink jet printers. jorge is an accounting staff member who works for the company’s controller and is involved in preparing the annual report. one of high tech’s competitors developed a superior color laser jet printer using a less costly production process. jorge realizes that high tech’s substantial inventory of color laser jet printers is effectively obsolete and will have to be written down to its net realizable
High tech, inc., is a public company that produces laser and inkjet printers: The scenario faced right here with over over the counter Jorge is related to the counter credibility of over-the-counter monetary statements.
A public company, publicly traded corporation, publicly held corporation, publicly listed organization, or public confined corporation is an employer whose ownership is prepared via shares of inventory that might be intended to be freely traded on an inventory change or in markets.
A public company is a company with public possession and shares that alternate on a public marketplace. due to moreover the counter it's far public it is required to meet the counter Securities and change fee's strict filing requirements for public companies.
A public employer is a company that has bought all or a portion of itself over-the-counter thru an initial public providing. over-the-counter primary benefit public corporations have is over-the-counter potential to faucet over-the-counter monetary markets over-the-counter promoting inventory (equity) or bonds (debt) to raise capital (i.e., cash) for growth and different projects.
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A manager has proposed to the hospital board that it hire someone to teach management and leadership classes and that head nurses are paid to attend the classes. what is this an example of?
An example is building human capital; the manager is investing in the potential of the head nurse staff to become better leaders and managers.
Human capital is a concept used by social scientists to refer to individual attributes that are considered useful in the production process. It includes employee knowledge, skills, know-how, good health, and education. Human capital has a significant impact on an individual's income.
Human capital consists of the knowledge, skills, and health that people invest and accumulate throughout their lives, enabling them to realize their potential as productive members of society.
Human capital refers to the skills and expertise that enable individuals to perform their tasks more effectively. Examples of human capital include education, experience, and judgment. Human capital is important because it helps workers do their jobs more efficiently and effectively.
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_____ forces consist of conditions such as unemployment, inflation, interest rates, and economic growth that may affect an organization's performance.
Economic forces consist of conditions such as unemployment, inflation, interest rates, and economic growth that may affect an organization's performance.
Economic influences include things like monetary and fiscal policies, interest rates, employment rates, inflation rates, demographic shifts, political shifts, changes in energy and security, and natural disasters. Each of these directly affects how companies manufacture and deliver their goods and services.
The first step is manufacturing, followed by distribution and finally consumption of the manufactured items. These days, two factors—human resources and natural resources—make all of this feasible.
Spending more money will support corporate growth, reduce unemployment, and strengthen the economy. However, consumption will probably decline if consumer incomes decline. This translates into lower corporate performance, higher unemployment, and less stable economic conditions.
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Does the decision to make a blockbuster movie mean that some other more desirable activities get fewer resources than they deserve?
In economics positive statements are fact-based and objective, thus such statements can be tested and proved or disproved with the available evidence. The normative economic statements are opinion based and subjective which cannot be tested. Since providing an activity with lesser resources than it deserves cannot be tested with available evidence hence will be a normative statement.
A blockbuster is a Hollywood movie that's made with a large budget and big stars. A true blockbuster is extremely popular and brings in a lot of money. Typically, a blockbuster is a fabulous summer movie that audiences line up to see the first weekend it's released.
Economics is the study of scarcity and its implications for the use of resources, production of goods and services, growth of production and welfare over time, and a great variety of other complex issues of vital concern to society.
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If the rate and direction of plate movement remain the same for the next 50 million years, an accurate prediction would then be:_____.
If current plate motions continue, the Atlantic will widen, Europe and Africa will dispute to shut off the Mediterranean, Australia and South East Asia will connect, and California will drift northward up the coast to Alaska in 50 million years from now.
Plate movementsIn 150 million years, when new subduction zones along the eastern coastlines of North America and South America begin to swallow away at the ocean bottom that presently divides North America from Africa, the Atlantic Ocean may begin to close.
As the Atlantic ocean continues to be subducted, "Pangea Ultima" may create 250 million years from now.
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suppose that corn farmers want to increase their total revenue. knowing that the demand for corn is inelastic, corn farmers should
suppose that corn farmers want to increase their total revenue. knowing that the demand for corn is inelastic, corn farmers should Plant more corn
What do you mean by inelastic demand?When a buyer's desire for a product does not fluctuate as much as a product's price changes, this is known as inelastic demand. Demand is said to be inelastic when the price rises by 20% yet the decline in demand is only 1%.
When using common household goods and services, this situation frequently happens. People will continue to buy roughly the same amount of goods or services after a price increase since their needs remain the same. When the price is reduced, a similar scenario arises demand won't increase significantly because buyers only have a small need for the product.
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when deciding between responsive display ads and uploaded ads, when would you opt for control rather than for efficiency?
when your advertisements efficiency must comply to rigorous branding standards.
If your ads need to adhere to strict branding guidelines, you would choose control above efficiency when choosing between responsive display ads and uploaded ads.
What exactly Is Efficiency?
The maximum degree of performance is achieved by using the fewest inputs to produce the greatest amount of output. Reduce the quantity of resources—including human time and energy—that are used to produce a certain result that are not necessary. Efficiency is a quantifiable concept that may be calculated by subtracting total input from usable output. Productivity is increased while consuming fewer resources, such as time, energy, and physical resources.
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Which profession has trouble finding work if a country's educational system has produced more than the country can employ?
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that as educational attainment grows, incomes rise and unemployment declines. educational system.
The graphic compares workers according to their degree of education and demonstrates that those with more education earn more money and experience lower unemployment rates. However, another important factor in enhancing India's educational system is teacher preparation. In addition to demonstrating how the teachers are current with technological advancements, proper training also advances the nation's educational system. Students can be taught properly by teachers who have the necessary training and skills. The productivity of an economy increases as the number of educated people rises because competent workers can complete jobs more quickly. Equal opportunities for employment and education increase the value of an economy.
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If this economy devotes all of its resources to the production of dryers, then it will produce?
This economy would generate 80 dryers and 0 washers if it focused all of its resources on producing dryers.
An economy is a complex system of interrelated production, consumption, and exchange activities that ultimately determines how resources are allocated among all the participants. The production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services combine to fulfill the needs of those living and operating within the economy.
An economy may represent a nation, a region, a single industry, or even a family. An economy encompasses all of the activities related to the production, consumption, and trade of goods and services in an entity, whether the entity is a nation or a small town. So, this economy would generate 80 dryers and 0 washers if it focused all of its resources on producing dryers.
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a concept that maintains that the owner of a cash flow will value it differently, depending on when it occurs.
The time value of money is a concept that maintains that the owner of a cash flow will value it differently, depending on when it occurs.
What is Cash Flow?Cash flow is the net amount of cash and cash equivalents coming into and going out of a business. Inflows are represented by money received, and outflows are represented by money spent.
The ability to generate positive cash flows, or more specifically, the potential to maximize long-term free cash flow, is ultimately what determines a company's ability to create value for shareholders (CFC). After deducting any funds used for capital expenditures, a company's free cash flow (FCF) is the cash it generates from its regular business activities.
The amount of money a firm receives and expends is known as its cash flow. Businesses receive revenue from sales and spend that amount on overhead. Additionally, they might make money from investments, royalties, licensing deals, and interest payments. They might even sell goods on credit with the expectation of receiving the money owed at a later time.
Thus, One of the most crucial goals of financial reporting is to evaluate the size, timeliness, uncertainty, and origin and destination of cash flows. It is necessary for evaluating the liquidity, adaptability, and overall financial performance of a corporation.
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What is it called when demand fails to account for the buyer's full willingness to pay?
When demand fails to account for the buyer's full willingness to pay it is called demand-side market failure.
What primary categories of market failures are there?a circumstance that arises if the level of output at the free market equilibrium is either higher or lower than the level of output that is socially desirable. Goodwill either be produced in excess or insufficiently in a free market. Instances of market failure that economists have identified include:
The primary forms of market failure consist of
Ineffective allocation and production.monopoly authorityuntapped markets.unfinished markets.Demerit products.externalities that are harmful.When resources are allocated in an ineffective way, markets collapse. For instance: Radio: The station transmits to everyone who tunes in, but it is unable to directly bill them. It is unable to determine whether or not a user has paid.
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If consumer income increases, the demand for chili peppers shifts from d 0 to d 1. this implies that chili peppers are a(n)?
If consumer income increases, the demand for chili peppers shifts from d 0 to d 1. this implies that chili peppers are Inferior Goods.
What are inferior goods?A good whose demand decreases as people's wages increase is referred to as an inferior good in economics. As the economy and earnings growth, these products lose popularity as people start purchasing more expensive alternatives.
In economics, demand for subpar products declines as income rises or the economy grows. When this occurs, consumers will be more eager to spend money on more expensive alternatives. The quality or a change in the socioeconomic level of the consumer could be a few of the causes of this transformation.
Anything a customer would demand less of if they had a higher level of real income is an inferior item, which is the reverse of a normal good. Additionally, they might be linked to those who are often from lower socioeconomic classes.
Therefore, as earnings decline or the economy weakens, the demand for subpar products rises. When this occurs, less expensive products can replace more pricey ones at a lower cost.
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Assume ellina earns a 4 percent after-tax rate of return and that she owes a friend $2,900. would she prefer to pay the friend $2,900 today or $4,060 in four years?
It is best to prefer paying $2,090 today, the after-tax rate.
In a tax system, the tax rate is the ratio at which a commercial enterprise or man or woman is taxed. There are several techniques used to present a tax rate: statutory, common, marginal, and effective. these rates also can be offered using distinct definitions carried out to a tax base: inclusive and extraordinary. A tax price is the percentage of the fee of belongings or profits to be paid to the authorities as a tax.
present value = Future value / [tex](1 + r)^{n}[/tex]
= 4060/[tex](1 + 0.04)^{n}[/tex]
= $ 3,470.51
The present value of $4,060 that is to be paid after four years is $3,470.51, which amounts to greater than the owed amount of $2,900.
Hence, it is best to prefer paying $2,090 today.
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After ellie moves out of the apartment she had rented as her personal residence, she recovers her damage deposit of $1,000. the $1,000 is not income to ellie. true false
False. The $1,000 is a nontaxable return of capital.
When an investor receives a portion of their initial investment that is not seen as income or capital gains from the venture, this is known as a return of capital.
The Workings of Return of CapitalWhen someone invests, they risk their principal (sometimes referred to as the cost basis) in the intention of earning a return. The return of capital occurs when an investor receives their principal. It's akin to getting your original money back because it isn't regarded taxable because it doesn't include gains (or losses). Certain investment kinds permit investors to obtain their initial investment back before collecting gains (or losses) for taxation.
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What is the expected return of a security with a beta of 1.2 if the risk-free rate is 4 percent and the expected return on the market is 12 percent?
The expected return of a security with a beta of 1.2 is 13.6%
Required rate of return = Risk-free rate + (Market return - Risk-free rate) x Beta
4%+1.2(12% - 4% )=13.6%
Why does the expected return rise as the beta increases? What is the CAPM?The capital asset pricing model, or CAPM, is a method of calculating the required rate of return on a security from the viewpoint of the market. The CAPM describes the relationship between systematic risk, or the general dangers of investing, and expected return for assets, particularly stocks. The CAPM was developed as a way to quantify this systematic risk. In the financial sector, it is widely used to appraise risky securities and determine predicted returns for assets given their risk and cost of capital.
The systemic risk can be measured using the beta coefficient. The market may be engaging in more risk as this indicator rises, in which case investors should increase their needed rate of return.
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Jit production means that we produce the product before it is required so the customer does not wait for the product._____.
The goal of JIT production is to drive all inventory queues lower. JIT is typically applied to nonrepetitive manufacturing.
What is manufacturing?Manufacturing is the process of transforming unfinished products into finished ones using tools, manpower, machinery, and chemical processes.
Manufacturing helps businesses to recoup their costs of raw materials by selling finished goods for a profit. Big-scale manufacturing makes it possible to produce goods in large quantities using assembly line methods and cutting-edge technology. Manufacturers can benefit from effective production techniques by utilizing economies of scale to produce more products for less money.
Manufacturing is the process of transforming raw materials or parts into completed goods using labor, machines, chemicals, and tools.
Before the Industrial Revolution, most products were made by hand using human labor and basic tools.
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Increasing the efficiency of necessary activities by using economies of scale is known as?
Increasing the efficiency of necessary activities by using economies of scale is known as activity sharing.
Activity Sharing refers to the concept of using economies of scale in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of necessary activities.
What do you mean by activity sharing?Activity sharing is a strategy that aims to increase the efficiency of necessary activities by using economies of scale. This means that businesses can share resources, such as workers or equipment, in order to achieve an increased level of productivity.
By sharing resources, companies can reduce costs and increase their profits. The key to success with activity sharing is ensuring that everyone involved understands and agrees upon the specific tasks that will be shared and how they will be conducted.
If you're interested in using this approach to improve your business' efficiency, there are a number of things you should consider. First, make sure all members of your team are aware of the company's mission and vision. Next, identify any areas where centralized control or decision-making would hinder teamwork or cause confusion among employees.
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How should policymakers determine the amount of money that should be allocated for research curing heart disease? they should base their decision on.
Bigger and larger reductions in the production of one thing are necessary to increase the production of another good. The frontier of the production potential will bow outward.
What is production?Producing goods and services to meet consumer demands is known as production. The method yields the final product. Land, capital, labour, and organisation make up the four components of production.
The production of automobiles is an illustration of production. Parts are put together to create cars. For instance, metal bodywork are given rubber tyres so that seats can be placed before the car rolls off the assembly line.
One of the most crucial steps in the manufacturing process, production is fundamental to what it means to be a manufacturer.
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In the market for a common property resource, the unregulated market outcome will occur at what point?
In the market for a common property resource, (CPR) tends to be in particular susceptible to depletion and degradation. This creates troubles for sustainable development and for useful resource stewardship in standard considering the fact that among the key worldwide assets are not unusual belongings.
Commonplace assets (environmental) are natural assets owned and managed collectively by using a community or society as opposed to by individuals.
Two defining characteristics of a common resource are contention and nonexcludability: Nonexcludabiity- regarding common resources, non-excludability refers to the inability to exclude others from using the resource.
Common property resources are (renewable) natural assets wherein current immoderate extraction reduces future resource availability, and the usage of which is de facto restrained to a selected set of retailers, inclusive of inhabitants of a village or contributors of a community; consider community-owned forests, and coastal fisheries.
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True or false? if the u.s. dollar exchanged at a certain point in time for 1.2 euros, and several months later the u.s. dollar exchanged for 0.91 euros, then the dollar has appreciated.
If the u.s. dollar exchanged at a certain point in time for 1.2 euros, and several months later the u.s. dollar exchanged for 0.91 euros, then the dollar appreciated. TRUE.
In 2021, Thrifty earned a rating of 768 even as dollar most effective scored 786—each below the industry common. The maximum common criticism of many of the ratings on the customer Affairs internet site is the management of toll roads. rented with dollar or Thrifty says they were talked into paying a day-by-day charge for toll transponders.
Even though dollar trendy has the word “greenback” in its call, the whole thing in the shop would not cross for a buck; their products are just low-priced. circle of relatives greenback is every other chain that has the word “dollar” in its name however sells gadgets for more than a buck.
Greenback shops are capable of keeping their costs so low, in part, due to the fact they promote so many private-label products. private-label merchandise is made and sold solely for these shops so that they can be sold and offered for much less.
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Call provisions typically require bond issuers to pay investors an amount greater than the par value, called:_____.
Call provisions generally require bond issuers to deliver investors an quantity greater than the par value, called a premium bond
What Is a Premium Bond?
A bond that is selling above its par value (original price) in the secondary demand is a premium bond. A bond will sell at a premium when it shows a coupon (interest) rate that is more elevated than the current prevailing interest rates being proposed for new bonds.
A call provision is a condition on a bond or other fixed-income mechanism that permits the issuer to repurchase and withdraw its bonds.
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The following are causes of the bullwhip effect, except? a. demand signaling b. batching of orders c. dependent demand d. price variations
The following are causes of the bullwhip effect, except dependent demand.
In economics, demand is the quantity of a terrific that consumers are willing and capable of purchase at numerous costs throughout a given time. the relationship among rate and amount call for is also known as the demand curve.
Demand is the amount of purchasers who are willing and able to shop for products at numerous charges all through a given time period. demand for any commodity implies the purchasers' desire to acquire the best, the willingness and potential to pay for it.
As an instance, if a customer is hungry and buys a slice of pizza, the first slice could have the finest gain or utility. With every additional slice, the consumer will become more happy, and utility declines. In concept, the first slice may fetch a better price from the client.
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According to data about movie ticket prices, between 2000 and 2014 the average cost of a movie ticket in a given year was:_________
According to data about movie ticket prices, between 2000 and 2014 the average cost of a movie ticket in a given year was 5.80 + 0.21t dollars.
The average cost of a movie ticket in the United States increased from 8.65 dollars in 2016 to 9.57 dollars in 2021. This is an increase of over 11% over the previous five years.
The cost per unit produced in a production run is called the average cost. It stands for the typical sum of money spent on a product's production. Depending on how many units are made, this amount may change.
Average cost, often known as unit cost, in economics is calculated by dividing the total cost (TC) by the quantity of a good produced (the output Q): Average cost strongly influences how businesses decide to price their goods.
As demonstrated in this example, in order to determine the average cost, the entire cost must be divided by the quantity of output. For instance, we can make 1500 chocolate bars for a total of $3500. Consequently, it costs $2.33 on average to produce 1500 chocolate bars.
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after debating between a new suv or a new mini-van, you finally decide to purchase a new suv. a week after having your new vehicle, you notice the ease with which your neighbor's family can maneuver in and out of their mini-van. you now wonder whether or not you made the right choice. this exemplifies the concept of .
cognitive dissonance can in the present lead to discomfort, tension, and anxiety.
The social psychology concept of cognitive dissonance was first put forth by Leon Festinger. This idea states that cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort brought on when two cognitions are irreconcilable. A cognition is a knowledge item, such as a thought, attitude, or behavior.
A cognition is a knowledge item, for example, a:
mental processpersonal valuesbehaviorWhen you act in a way that conflicts with one of your values, an incompatibility (dissonance) may result. Or perhaps you come upon some new knowledge that contradicts a long-held notion or viewpoint. Taking eating meat as an illustration, even if you love animals.
We prefer for our reality to make sense as humans. Distressing cognitive dissonance can occur. To feel as though things make sense once more, we frequently engage in mental gymnastics in response to cognitive dissonance Trusted Source.
The mental pain that occurs from having two contradictory views, values, or attitudes is referred to as cognitive dissonance. Due to the desire for consistency in attitudes and perceptions, this conflict can make people feel uneasy or uncomfortable.
And the severity of these consequences frequently depends on the degree of divergence between the opposing views, how important those beliefs are to that individual, and how successfully that person manages self-contradiction.
Cognitive dissonance examples:-
Smoking: Despite knowing that smoking is bad for their health, many people nevertheless smoke. People who place a high priority on their health will experience the dissonance to a greater extent.Consuming meat: Some people who consider themselves to be animal lovers do consume meat, yet they may experience discomfort when they consider the source of their meat. This is referred regarded as the "meat conundrum" by some academics.To lean more about cognitive dissonance from the given link.
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