In the preparation of primary amines, how can direct nucleophilic substitution between nh3 and alkyl halide be made more practical than reacting nh3 and the alkyl halide in a 1:1 ratio?

The SI unit for expressing the mass of a block of Au is gram with SI unit symbol g.

SI unit is a measurement unit which is universally accepted system. It is used for technical and scientific work.

The gram is the unit of mass in the International systems of units, SI. Gram is equal to 1/1000th of a kilogram.

Mass is used to measure an objects's weight. Most common units to express mass in metric system is gram and kilogram. The standard unit of mass in SI system is kilogram (Kg). The reason to use kilogram is because gram is a small amount.

Although, in case of Au, the SI unit to express mass of Au is g.

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The bohr radius theoretically is the equal distance an electron can approach the nucleus in the hydrogen atom.

Bohr radius named after by Niels Bohr because Niels Bohr proposed the bohr model of an atom. Bohr radius is the mean radius of the orbit of an electron around the nucleus of a hydrogen atom at its ground state and is approximately equal to 5.29177×10⁻11 . the Bohr radius approximately equal to the most probable distance between the nucleus and the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state. so theoretically distance an electron is equal approach the nucleus in the hydrogen atom.

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The  type of compound is formed between coach and a carboxylic acid alcohol + carboxylic acid → ester + water.

How carboxylic acids are formed?

A acid is produced after the acidic hydrolysis of esters and carboxylates are produced after the basic hydrolysis of an ester.

What are the functional group of alcohol and carboxylic acid?

Alcohols contain the hydroxyl functional group and may be primary, secondary, or tertiary. Ethers are compounds with an oxygen atom bonded to 2 alkyl groups. Aldehydes and ketones contain the carbonyl functional group

Can a compound be a acid and an alcohol?

Esters are represented by the formula RCOOR', where R and R' are hydrocarbon groups. The ester, which is compound derived from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in which the OH of the acid is replaced by an OR group, looks somewhat sort of a n ether and also somewhat like a carboxylic acid.

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Thermal equilibrium is established after a while as a result of heat transfer between the water and the air in the room.

Option B is correct

What is Thermal equilibrium?

If there is no net transfer of thermal energy when two physical systems are connected by a heat-permeable route, then they are in thermal equilibrium. Thermal equilibrium is in accordance with the first law of thermodynamics.

When a system's internal temperature is both uniformly distributed and stable over time, it is considered to be in thermal equilibrium with itself. Systems that are in thermal equilibrium are always in systems that are in thermodynamic equilibrium, while the reverse is not always true.

The two systems may reach thermal equilibrium without achieving thermodynamic equilibrium if the connection between them allows the transfer of energy as a "change in internal energy" but not the transfer of matter or energy as work.

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To make pizza dough, Luca combines 50 ml of milk for every 250 ml of flour. 150 ml of milk does combine with 750 ml of flour.

calculation :

[tex]\frac{50}{250}[/tex] × 750

= 150 ml

Is pizza dough just bread dough?

The distinction between Pizza and Bread dough is Pizza dough is made with a more elevated protein flour other than that they both use the exact ingredients, yeast, flour, salt, and water. Let the dough grow before freezing, then split the dough into your preferred pizza portions, put it in airtight freezer bags and freeze.

Pizza dough is made up with five basic ingredients flour, salt, yeast, oil, and water.

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The chemical formula for octane is: ch3ch26ch3 114073 is the molar mass of octane.

The molar mass of a chemical compound is determined in chemistry by dividing the mass of a sample of that compound by the quantity of that compound, which is the number of moles in that sample, measured in moles. A substance's molar mass is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one. The compound's molar mass is an average over multiple samples, each of which will likely have a different mass because of the existence of isotopes.

The molar mass is most frequently calculated from the standard atomic weights, making it a terrestrial average and a function of the relative abundance of the constituent atoms' isotopes on Earth. The molar mass is suitable for converting between a substance's mass and a quantity.

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5.0 g of a and 6.0 g of b will obtain 11g of c and d, according to the law of conservation of mass.

What is law of conservation of mass?

The law of conservation of mass, also known as the principle of mass conservation, states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the system's mass must remain constant over time because the mass of the system cannot change, meaning that neither more nor less can be added or taken away.

This law states that regardless of the physical or chemical change, the total mass of the products and the total mass of the reactants stay the same. Also referred to as the "law of indestructibility of matter," the law of conservation of mass.

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Two substances, a and b were heated. Both substances change color. when cooled, both substances return to their original colors.

What is a physical change?

A physical alteration only affects the object's shape; the object's interior structure (its molecules) remain unaltered. It is possible to change the created element back into the original thing. A alteration that can be undone is reversible. The condition, shape, or size of an object can change due to a physical change.

Here, since after heating both the substances a and b change colour and again on cooling return back to their original form (previous colour), thus we can conclude that a physical change occurs in them on heating which reverts back on cooling, being a reversible process.

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Barium hydroxide is a strong diprotic base and phosphoric acid is a weak triprotic acid. Therefore the balanced acid-base reaction requires a 3:2 molar ratio:

First we find the moles of barium hydroxide reactant:

Volume of barium hydroxide (given) = V1=0.0300 L

Molarity of barium hydroxide (given) = C1=0.15 M

Moles of barium hydroxide = n1=V1×C1=0.0045 mol

For neutralization we require 2/3 the moles for phosphoric acid:

Moles of phosphoric acid = n2=23×0.0045 mol=0.0030 mol

Volume of phosphoric acid (given) = V2=0.0500 L

Molarity of phosphoric acid = n2V2=0.0030 mol/0.0500 L=0.060M

What is Neutralization Reaction?

3Ba(OH)2+2H3PO4→Ba3(PO4)2+6H2O

Conjugate base and acid are the results of the reaction between a Bronsted acid (proton donor) and a Bronsted base (proton acceptor). When both of these reactants have been completely consumed, leaving only the product species, a neutralisation reaction takes place. The stoichiometry of the balanced acid-base reaction equation is used to determine the ratio of molar amounts needed for neutralisation.

Therefore,

If 30.0 ml of 0.15 m ba(oh)2 was needed to neutralize 50.0 ml of an h3po4 solution. what is the concentration of the original h3po4 solution?

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the best choice of reagent to perform the following transformation is H₂O and H₂SO₄

In chemistry , the term "reagent" denotes a chemical ingredient, this will also be stated as an "Orko". this is often typically found in a compound. (a compound or mixture, typically of inorganic or small organic molecules) introduced to cause the specified transformation of an organic substance.Reagents could also be compounds or mixtures. In chemistry , most are small organic molecules or inorganic compounds.

Reactant: Reactants are the starting materials that undergo changes during a reaction .

Reagent: Reagents are the compounds that are added to a system so as to cause a chemical reaction.

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Answer:

As a Symbol

Explanation:

If solution of Co(NO3)3 and KOH are mixed then following reaction will occur:

Co(NO₃)₃ + KOH → Co(OH)₃ + KNO₃

let us balance the equation:

Co(NO₃)₃ +3 KOH → Co(OH)₃ +3 KNO₃

Now we will split strong electrolyte into ions:

Co³⁺ + 3NO₃⁻ + 3K⁺ + 3OH⁻ = Co(OH)₃  +   3K⁺ + 3NO₃⁻

So the net ionic equation will be

Co³⁺  + 3OH⁻ = Co(OH)₃  

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The thermal energy of solid state is the least and the thermal energy for gaseous state is maximum.

Any substance that is present around us exists in three states i.e, solid, liquid and gas.

The two major factors that affect the state of the substance are thermal energy and intermolecular interactions. These factors are shown in the adjoining image.

When energy in the form of heat is provided to ice, it first converts into liquid water and finally into steam. This conversion has been shown in the graph present in the adjoining diagram.

As energy is added to it, the solid state has the lowest energy, the energy of the liquid state is more than the solid state and the maximum energy is of gaseous state.

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The mass expression for the system is K= (aH₂)² × aO₂ / (aH₂O)² = 5.31× 10⁻¹⁰.

First, we have to write a balanced chemical equation, i.e

2H₂O(g) ⇄2H₂(g)+O₂(g)

Now, from the above equation we can write mass action expression,

K= (aH₂)² × aO₂ / (aH₂O)² = 5.31× 10⁻¹⁰.

The mass action law provides simple method to write the expression for the equilibrium constant of any reaction. it is a universal law and applicable to all chemical reactions.

The ratio of the concentrations of the reactants and products is known as Equillibrium constant. It is represented as (K).

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The bonding expected for each material is covalent ,ionic and metallic bonds .

About bonds :

The force of attraction that leads to holding of atoms or ions together in a molecule or crystal is said be bonding. Bond formation can happen by either attraction or transfer of electrons. There are single, double, and triple bonds. There are many sorts of bonding namely:

Covalent (sharing of electrons takes place).

Ionic (transfer of electrons takes place)

Metallic (ionized atoms of metals and therefore the sea of electrons around them).

Brass (a copper-zinc alloy)

Brass is an alloy of metal that's copper and zinc. Hence, the metallic bonding is present within the brass.

Rubber

It is a polymer whose monomer unit is isoprene, which may be a covalent compound. The isoprene units are attached in repeated units to make rubber by covalent bonding.

Barium sulfide ()

Due to the large electronegativity difference between barium and sulfur, barium sulfide is an ionic compound. Thus, ionic bonding is present in barium sulfide.

Solid xenon

Only xenon atoms are present in solid xenon which are interacted by weak Van der Waal's interactions.

Bronze

Bronze is an alloy of metal that's copper and tin. Hence, the metallic bonding is present within the brass.

Nylon

It is a polymer whose monomer unit is caprolactam, which may be a covalent compound. The caprolactam units are attached in repeated units to make nylon by covalent bonding.

Aluminum phosphide ()

Aluminum phosphide may be a covalent compound and thus involves covalent bonding.

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Relative conductance is the ability of a specific conductor to carry electrons as compared to the ability of a copper  conductor to carry electrons.

The relative conductance (g'X) of a given ionic species is the conductance for that single ion divided by the total conductance for all of the ionic species (i.e., g'X = gX/g Total). The flow of free electrons in the form of an electric current is referred to as conduction. The inverse of resistivity is conductivity. That is 1/ and has a siemens per meter, or S/m, value. From zero (for a perfect insulator) to infinity, conductivity is possible (for a perfect conductor). A super conductor has nearly no ohmic resistance and limitless conductance

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true, I'm not 100% sure if it's true though

Answer: "homogenous mixture." out of these 2

brine, salt water, particularly a highly concentrated water solution of common salt (sodium chloride).

HOPE THIS HELPS.✨

Answer:

11no:4.9%

Explanation:

4.9% bones are there in the human body in hips and legs

2 precipitation reactions will occur.

A "chemical reaction occurring in an aqueous solution when two ionic bonds combine, yielding the creation of an insoluble salt" is what is meant by the term "precipitation reaction." Precipitates are the insoluble salts created during precipitation reactions. Precipitation reactions are often double displacement events that result in the formation of the precipitate, a solid form of residue.

The creation of insoluble salts that precipitate out of the solution results from these reactions when two or more solutions with various salt concentrations are mixed. The chemical reaction between potassium chloride and silver nitrate, in which solid silver chloride is precipitated out, is one of the greatest examples of precipitation reactions. This is the precipitation reaction's byproduct, the insoluble salt.

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The weight of carbon that combines with 16 g of oxygen in the formation of CO2 is 12 g.

The law of multiple proportions was given by Dalton in 1803.

According to this law, when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed amount of another element, are in the ratio of whole numbers.

For example,

hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce two compounds, water(H₂O) and hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂).

Hydrogen + Oxygen ⇒ Water

   2 g               16 g         18 g

Hydrogen + Oxygen ⇒ Hydrogen Peroxide

    2g               32 g                 34 g

Similarly, carbon also reacts with oxygen to form two different compounds, carbon dioxide(CO₂) and carbon monoxide(CO).

Carbon + Oxygen ⇒ Carbon Dioxide

 12 g          32 g                44 g

Carbon+ Oxygen  ⇒  Carbon Monoxide

 12 g           16 g                28 g

Thus, the weight of carbon that combines with 16 g of oxygen in the formation of CO₂ is 12 g.

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The pH of this buffer after adding 2.5 ml of 10m KOH to the solution is 7.73

The HOCl/KOCl buffer has a pKa of 7.46. We can use the H-H equation to determine the pH of this buffer:

[tex]pH = log\frac{ [A^{-} ] }{[HA]} + pKa[/tex]

[tex]pH = 7.46 + log\frac{[KOCl] }{ [HOCl]}[/tex]

Where [] represents the molarity (or moles) of each compound.

Initial HClO and NaClO moles:

 HOCl :-0.500L * (0.12mol / L) = 0.06 moles  HOCl

 KOCl:- 0.500L * (0.080mol / L) =0.04 moles KOCl

HOCl now reacts with KOH to form KOCl:

[tex]HOCl + KOH[/tex]→ [tex]KOCl[/tex] + [tex]H_{2} O[/tex]

The moles of KOH in the reaction are as follows:

[tex]2.5x10^{-3} L * (10mol/L)=0.025 moles KOH[/tex]

That is, 0.025 moles of HOCl are consumed and 0.025 moles of KOCl are produced after the reaction.

Following the reaction, moles are:

The final moles:

HOCl:- 0.06mol - 0.025mol = 0.035mol HOCl

KOCl :-0.04mol + 0.025mol = 0.065mol KOCl

Replacing in the H-H equation:

[tex]pH = 7.46 + log\frac{ [0.065mol] }{ [0.035mol]}[/tex]

pH = 7.73

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468 KJ of electrical energy is converted to light and thermal energy by a 130 w light bulb in one day.

Electrical energy is produced when electrically charged particles move, producing energy. Electrical energy is a general term that describes the energy that has been transformed from electric potential energy. Electric current and electric potential are given by an electrical circuit that serves as the source of this energy (e.g., provided by an electric power utility). This electric potential energy stops being electric potential energy after it has been changed into another form of energy.

P = 130W  is the lightbulb's power.

Within an hour, we must locate the electrical energy that the lightbulb generated. We are aware that the amount of electrical energy generated per unit of time is what provides electricity.

1 hour equals 3600 seconds.

p=E/T

E= p * T

E= 130 * 3600

E= 468000 joule

E = 468 kJ

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Answer:

a

Explanation:

potential energy is something that could happen but haven't yet

Failure to mix a specimen containing an anticoagulant by inverting the sealed specimen container several times after collection of the specimen is due to the clots in specimen.

Clots in specimen or clotted specimen refers to an abruptly clotted blood specimen in which clotting occurs in that tube which contains anticoagulant. A specimen is clotted when the anticoagulant in the tube is not adequately mixed.

To mix and ensure adequate anticoagulation of the specimen, tube filled with the blood has to be inverted 8 - 10 times immediately, so that clots in specimen do not occur.

Specimen is supposed to be mixed immediately to ensure that anticoagulant in the tube has been fully dissolved with the specimen, which in return maintains the effective anticoagulant-to-specimen ratio and provides a specimen free from any clots.

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The acceleration of the rocket would be 150 m/s^2.

Initial velocity, u=1000 m/s

Final velocity, v=2500 m/s

Time taken, t=10 seconds.

According to equation of motion,

v=u+at

2500=1000+10a

2500-1000=10a

1500=10a

a=150 m/s^2.

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Re absorption of H[tex]CO_{3}[/tex] and excretion of H+ restores acid-base balance through the renal control mechanisms.

What is renal mechanism?

The renal system consists of the kidney, ureters, and therefore the urethra. the general function of the system filters approximately 200 liters of fluid a day from renal blood flow which allows for toxins, metabolic waste products, and excess ion to be excreted while keeping essential substances within the blood

Why is renal function important?

Renal function is important for homeostasis. The kidneys play important pleiotropic roles including removal of metabolic waste products and maintenance of water–electrolyte balance and vital sign . Early diagnosis of renal dysfunction and institution of appropriate therapy are vital to survival.

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Answer:

. In the United States, a standard letter-sized piece of paper is 8.5 inches wide by 11 inches long. The international standard for a letter-sized piece of paper is different. The international standard is based on SI units: 21.0 cm wide by 29.7 cm long. a. Convert 21.0 cm to inches. Show your dimensional analysis setup. b. Convert 29.7 cm to inches. Show your dimensional analysis setup. c. State the dimensions, in inches, of the international standard for a letter-sized piece of paper. d. Which piece of paper is longer: a U.S. letter-sized piece of paper, or an international letter-sized piece of paper? e. Suppose the United States adopted the international standard for letter-sized paper. Explain at least two things that might result from this change

The density of the chocolate, given the data is 11.15 g/cm³

The density of a substance is simply defined as the mass of the subtance per unit volume of the substance. Mathematically, it can be expressed as

Density = mass / volume

The following data were obtained from the question:

The density of the chocolate can be obtained as follow:

Density = mass / volume

Density of chocolate = 633.6 / 568.176

Density of chocolate = 11.15 g/cm³

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