.In the first six months of 1857, Buchanan dealt with:
Dred Scott, the Lecompton Constitution, and an economic panic.
John Brown's raid, Uncle Tom's Cabin, and the Ostend Manifesto.
the Pottawatomie Massacre, Dred Scott, and the Lecompton Constitution.
economic panic, the secession of the Deep South, and John Brown's raid.

The Shoshone tribe ensured the success of Lewis and Clark's expedition into new U.S. territory as they guaranteed safe passage and provided a guide, Sacajawea. The correct option is b.

The Shoshone greeted Lewis, but they were sceptical. Another tribe had recently raided them. When Lewis asked them to accompany him to meet the rest of his expedition party, the Shoshone were concerned that he was leading them into a trap. Lewis eventually persuaded them. However, when they arrived at the meeting point, Clark and the others had not yet arrived. So they sat and waited.

The Shoshone were tense. They didn't want to be surprised. Lewis was tense. He needed horses or the Corps would be unable to complete the expedition. If Clark and the others did not arrive soon, the Shoshone would leave, taking their horses with them.

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In 1967, Thurgood Marshall became the first African American to serve as a justice on the United States Supreme Court. Prior to his appointment, Marshall had a distinguished career as a civil rights attorney and played a pivotal role in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education, which led to the desegregation of public schools in the United States.

Marshall's nomination to the Supreme Court was made by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and he was confirmed by the Senate with a vote of 69-11. His appointment was significant in the history of civil rights and racial equality in the United States, as it marked a major milestone in the diversification of the highest court in the country.

During his tenure on the Supreme Court, Marshall was known for his staunch advocacy for the protection of individual rights, particularly those of marginalized communities. He served on the Court for 24 years until his retirement in 1991, leaving behind a lasting legacy as a champion of equality and justice.

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Around 1916, President Woodrow Wilson renewed his support for progressive reforms because he recognized the need for social and economic changes that would benefit the American people.

Wilson was a reform-minded president who believed that the government had a responsibility to promote the general welfare of its citizens.

He had already made significant strides in this direction with his New Freedom platform, which included the creation of the Federal Reserve System and the passage of antitrust legislation.

However, by 1916, Wilson faced several challenges that required him to revisit his progressive agenda.

First, he was dealing with the aftermath of World War I, which had disrupted the American economy and created a sense of social and political unrest.

Second, he was up for re-election and needed to appeal to a broad range of voters, including progressives who had become disillusioned with his administration.

To address these challenges, Wilson proposed several progressive reforms during his 1916 re-election campaign.

These included a national labor law that would protect workers' rights, the establishment of a federal agency to promote education, and the creation of a national health insurance program.

These reforms were designed to address the needs of ordinary Americans and to promote social and economic justice.

Overall, Wilson renewed his support for progressive reforms in 1916 because he recognized the importance of addressing the needs of the American people in the midst of significant social and economic challenges.

His progressive agenda aimed to promote greater equality and opportunity for all Americans, and it remains an important part of his legacy as a reform-minded president.

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The firing of Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton led to the impeachment of Andrew Johnson. Stanton was a prominent supporter of Johnson's impeachment and was appointed by President Lincoln, whom Johnson succeeded after Lincoln's assassination.

In August 1867, Johnson suspended Stanton from office and replaced him with Lorenzo Thomas, a general in the army. This was in violation of the Tenure of Office Act, which required Senate approval for the removal of certain appointed officials, including the Secretary of War. Johnson claimed that he had the constitutional authority to remove Stanton without Senate approval, but this was disputed by Congress.

The House of Representatives voted to impeach Johnson on the grounds of violating the Tenure of Office Act, and he was subsequently tried by the Senate. However, he narrowly avoided conviction and removal from office by one vote, with some Senators believing that his actions did not meet the standard of "high crimes and misdemeanors" required for impeachment.

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Part 1926 subpart j of OSHA standards covers the requirements for the use of welding, cutting, and brazing activities in construction workplaces. It outlines the safety measures that employers must take to protect workers from hazards associated with these activities.

These hazards include fire, explosions, electric shock, and harmful fumes and gases. The subpart also outlines the requirements for training workers who engage in welding, cutting, and brazing activities, and the use of personal protective equipment. It provides guidance on proper ventilation, fire prevention measures, and the use of appropriate tools and equipment.

The subpart also requires employers to conduct regular inspections of equipment and facilities to ensure that they are in safe working condition. Compliance with these regulations is essential for ensuring the safety of workers engaged in welding, cutting, and brazing activities in construction sites. Employers who fail to comply with these regulations risk being cited and fined by OSHA.

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The correct option is D. All of the answers are correct. Compulsory attendance may be an issue for families who hold religious beliefs that conflict with certain school policies or practices.

Every person in a community with a variety of religious beliefs has the freedom and safety to practise their religion as they see fit. This is known as religious pluralism. There are several gods, according to polytheistic religions including Taoism, Japanese Shinto, and Chinese folk religion.

Prayer in schools can also be controversial, with some religious groups advocating for their own prayers to be included in school activities while others may feel excluded or uncomfortable. The use of public funds to support private religious education raises questions about the separation of church and state and whether taxpayer money should be used to promote specific religious beliefs. All of these issues can arise when trying to balance religious pluralism with the need for a standard education system.

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the popularity of entertainment and recreation activities away from work in the 1920s was due to a combination of factors, including economic prosperity, government encouragement, popular elected officials, and the rise of jazz music. These factors contributed to a cultural shift towards leisure time and the importance of enjoying life outside of work.

The 1920s, also known as the Roaring Twenties, was a period of significant social and cultural change in the United States. Entertainment and recreation activities away from work became increasingly popular during this period for several reasons.

Firstly, people had more time and money to spend. The country was experiencing a period of economic prosperity, and people had more disposable income to spend on leisure activities. The rise of consumer culture meant that people were encouraged to spend their money on goods and services that were not essential for survival, including entertainment and recreation activities.

Secondly, after the trauma of World War I, the government encouraged people to take time off work and enjoy life. The war had taken a significant toll on the mental and physical health of soldiers and civilians alike. The government realized the importance of leisure time and encouraged people to take time off work to relax and enjoy life.

Thirdly, elected officials were popular during this period. Politicians such as President Warren G. Harding and New York City Mayor Jimmy Walker were known for their love of entertainment and nightlife. They were often seen attending parties, theaters, and sporting events, which encouraged people to follow their lead and participate in leisure activities.

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The industrial revolution, which began in the late 18th century in Great Britain and spread to other countries, including the United States, contributed to the Panic of 1819 in several ways. The rapid growth of manufacturing industries and the use of new technologies led to an increase in production and productivity but also created an oversupply of goods, which drove down prices.

This led to financial speculation and overinvestment in industries such as textiles and agriculture. When demand for these products decreased, businesses went bankrupt, and many people lost their jobs.

Additionally, the industrial revolution brought about changes in the banking system, including the establishment of the Second Bank of the United States, which encouraged lending and speculation. However, this led to the creation of a bubble economy, which burst in 1819, causing severe economic depression.

In summary, the Industrial Revolution contributed significantly to the Panic of 1819 by fostering rapid industrialization, increasing global trade, causing inflation and overextension of credit, and triggering bank failures and a contraction of credit. This chain of events culminated in a widespread economic crisis, with lasting effects on the United States and other nations.

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The religion that was spread largely through dispersions and persecutions is Judaism. Option a is correct.

Judaism is an Abrahamic religion that originated in the Middle East, and its followers are called Jews. Throughout history, the Jewish people have experienced numerous dispersions and persecutions, which have led to the spread of Judaism in different parts of the world.

Dispersions refer to the forced migration or scattering of people from their homeland. The Jewish Diaspora began in 586 BCE, when the Babylonians destroyed the First Temple in Jerusalem and exiled many Jews to Babylon. Later, in 70 CE, the Romans destroyed the Second Temple in Jerusalem, which led to another dispersion of Jews throughout the Roman Empire.

Persecutions refer to the systematic and targeted mistreatment of a group of people based on their religious beliefs. Jews have faced various forms of persecution throughout history, including expulsions, forced conversions, and pogroms. During the Holocaust in the 20th century, millions of Jews were systematically murdered by the Nazis, leading to a further dispersion of Jewish survivors.

The combination of these dispersions and persecutions led to the spread of Judaism across different regions, including Europe, North Africa, and the Americas. Despite facing numerous challenges, Jewish communities managed to maintain their unique religious and cultural identity, contributing to the worldwide presence of Judaism today.

Thus, option a is correct.

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Answer:

Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. were both prominent figures in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. They had different philosophies and approaches to solving racial inequality. King promoted non-violent, direct-action efforts for complete integration and the achievement of full civil rights, while Malcolm X promoted complete separation of the races and rejected any form of integration .

Despite their differences, King had a deep affection for Malcolm X and felt that he had the great ability to put his finger on the existence and root of the problem. Malcolm X eventually began to speak more reverently of King’s viewpoints and wanted to arrange a meeting with him, but the meeting never happened due to Malcolm X’s assassination.

The given statement "Guatemalans with disabilities receive no financial aid from the Guatemalan government, and many depend solely on family members for remittances and other financial support. Professional and educational opportunities for Guatemalans living with disabilities are severely limited" is true because Guatemalans with disabilities often face significant financial and educational barriers.

The Guatemalan government does not provide financial aid to those with disabilities, leaving many to rely on family members for support. This can create a challenging situation, especially for those without strong family networks. In addition to financial barriers, Guatemalans with disabilities often struggle to access education and professional opportunities. This can limit their ability to secure stable, long-term employment and contribute fully to their communities. While some organizations are working to address these challenges, there is still much work to be done to ensure that Guatemalans with disabilities have equal access to resources and opportunities.

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Independence in African nations brought about political shifts, cultural revival, economic development, and advancements in women's rights, albeit varying in magnitude and scope across countries.

After African countries became free from colonization, many important changes happened in the way people lived and expressed themselves. This means that countries became independent and created their own governments. This helped them feel more proud of their own country and also encouraged them to work together as African nations.

Decolonization of education and language means giving importance to the languages spoken locally and the knowledge of indigenous people. Efforts to improve the economy by decreasing reliance and increasing progress.

When people started to bring back their old art, music, and literature, we called it cultural revival. People started talking more about giving women equal rights so that they can have the same opportunities and treatment as men.

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The best representation of the average rate of change of the population of the town, in people per year, from 1970 to 2000 is 400 people per year.

To find the average rate of change in the population of the town, we need to determine the change in population over the period of 30 years from 1970 to 2000. The best representation of the average rate of change can be found by calculating the slope of the line connecting the population data from 1970 and 2000.

Using this method, we can calculate the average rate of change of the population in people per year. The population of the town in 1970 was not provided in the question, so we cannot use it as the starting point for our calculation. However, we can use the population data for the years 1980 and 2000 to determine the average rate of change.

From the data given, the population in 1980 was 8,000 and in 2000 it was 16,000. Therefore, the change in population over the 20-year period is 16,000 – 8,000 = 8,000 people. Dividing this by the number of years gives us the average rate of change, which is 8,000/20 = 400 people per year.

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Historian value the writings of Ibn Battuta because he - left descriptions of what he witnessed on his travels. The correct option is C.

Ibn Battuta was a 14th-century Moroccan scholar and traveler who wrote extensively about his travels throughout the Islamic world, Africa, and Asia. His travel accounts, known as the Rihla, are considered some of the most important and comprehensive descriptions of the medieval world.

In his writings, Ibn Battuta describes the people, customs, geography, and politics of the places he visited. He also provided valuable information about trade routes, religious practices, and social structures of the various regions he explored. His accounts have been valuable resources for historians, providing insights into the cultures and societies of the time and places he visited.

While Ibn Battuta's writings may contain some personal biases and subjective interpretations, they are still considered valuable sources of information for historians studying the medieval world. The correct option is C.

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The nickname "Little Boots" was given to Emperor Caligula (Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) during his childhood. The nickname originated from a Latin term called "caliga," which means a type of soldier's boot.

Caligula's father, Germanicus, was a renowned military leader, and as a young child, Caligula accompanied his father on military campaigns. He was often seen wearing a miniature version of the soldier's boots, known as "caligae," which were worn by Roman soldiers.

The soldiers who served with Germanicus affectionately gave the nickname "Caligula" or "Little Boots" to young Gaius, as a way of endearment and to acknowledge his association with the military. Over time, the nickname stuck and continued to be used even after Caligula became the Roman Emperor in 37 AD.

While "Little Boots" may seem like a peculiar nickname, it reflects Caligula's upbringing in a military environment and his early connection to the Roman army.

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One significant slave insurrection in which several whites were killed was the Nat Turner Rebellion.

Nat Turner, an enslaved African American, led a rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831.

Nat Turner, a deeply religious man, believed he had been chosen by God to carry out a mission of liberation for enslaved people.

On the night of August 21, 1831, Turner and a small group of fellow slaves began their revolt.

They initially targeted the household of Turner's owner and then moved from plantation to plantation, gaining more followers and killing white slaveholders and their families.

The rebellion resulted in the deaths of around 55 to 65 white people, including men, women, and children.

The uprising was eventually suppressed by local militias and state forces. Nat Turner managed to evade capture for several weeks but was eventually captured, tried, and executed.

The Nat Turner Rebellion had a profound impact on the South, particularly in terms of slaveholding fears and white paranoia about potential slave uprisings.

It led to a wave of repressive measures, such as stricter slave codes, increased surveillance of enslaved individuals, and the silencing of abolitionist voices.

The rebellion also intensified the debate over slavery in the United States, with some Southerners arguing for harsher slave laws and others calling for the abolition of slavery altogether.

It contributed to a heightened sense of tension and fear among both enslaved individuals and white slaveholders, further exacerbating the deep divisions over slavery that eventually led to the American Civil War.

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The mother is more concerned about war than independence.

So, the correct answer is D.

While independence is important, war poses a much greater threat to the safety and well-being of her family.

She may need to focus on providing food and shelter for her loved ones during times of conflict, rather than worrying about personal freedoms. In such circumstances, items such as goats, firewood, and saucepans become essential for survival.

They provide sustenance, warmth, and the means to cook food. While independence is a valuable concept, it takes a backseat to the more pressing issue of ensuring her family's safety and security during times of war.

Hence, the answer of the question is D

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A government has to decide if it should spend money on schools or a missile defense system. To do this with economic efficiency it must examine its opportunity costs of production. So the rght option is (D) opportunity costs of production.

In order to make a decision between spending money on schools or a missile defense system, the government needs to consider the opportunity cost of producing one over the other. The opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative that must be given up in order to produce the chosen item.

For example, if the government chooses to spend money on a missile defense system, it must consider the opportunity cost of not spending that money on schools and the potential benefits that would come from investing in education.

By examining the opportunity costs of production, the government can make a decision that is economically efficient and benefits the overall well-being of society.

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The statement that is not true about Phillis Wheatley is D) her private statements reveal that she saw did not think that slavery was wrong.

Phillis Wheatley was a slave in Boston who became the first African-American woman to publish a book of poetry in 1773. Her work focused on themes of religion, nature, and patriotism during the Revolutionary era. She gained international fame for her poetry during her own lifetime and her first works were published while she was still a slave. Although Wheatley did not directly criticize slavery in her published works, she did express her thoughts on the subject in private letters.

In these letters, she revealed that she was opposed to slavery and believed that it was unjust.

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There are a few reasons why some immigrants may have supported political machines. First, many immigrants faced significant challenges when arriving in the United States, including language barriers and discrimination. Political machines often provided essential services to these communities, such as job placement and housing assistance, which helped to alleviate some of these challenges.

Additionally, political machines often provided a sense of community and belonging for immigrants who may have felt isolated or disconnected in their new country. By participating in political activities and supporting a machine, immigrants could feel like they were part of something larger than themselves and could have a voice in local politics.

Finally, some immigrants may have supported political machines simply because they were the most viable political option available to them. Without access to resources or political power, immigrants may have felt like they had no other choice but to align themselves with a machine in order to have any sort of political influence.

Overall, while there were certainly negative aspects to political machines, for some immigrants, these organizations provided a lifeline and a sense of community in a new and often challenging environment.

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The renewed Native American resistance to the encroachment of the United States on their lands was influenced by several factors, including the Indian Removal Act, the expansion of the railroad system, the discovery of gold, the policy of assimilation, and broken promises and treaties

The renewed Native American resistance to the encroachment of the United States on their lands can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which forced the relocation of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma, was a major cause of resistance. This act disrupted Native American communities, forced them to abandon their homes and traditions, and threatened their very existence.

Secondly, the expansion of the railroad system across the United States in the mid-1800s led to the acceleration of settlement in the West. This further exacerbated tensions between Native Americans and the United States government as white settlers encroached on traditional Native American lands, disrupting their way of life and leading to the destruction of their natural resources.

Thirdly, the discovery of gold in California in 1848 and subsequent gold rushes in other areas of the West intensified the pressure on Native American lands.

Fourthly, the United States government's policy of assimilation, which sought to force Native Americans to abandon their traditional ways of life and adopt European-American customs, language, and religion, was also a factor that contributed to resistance. This policy was often implemented through the forced removal of Native American children from their families and communities and sending them to boarding schools where they were forbidden from speaking their native language or practicing their traditional customs.

Finally, the United States government's broken promises and treaties with Native American tribes, such as the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868, fueled resistance.

In conclusion, the renewed Native American resistance to the encroachment of the United States on their lands was influenced by several factors, including the Indian Removal Act, the expansion of the railroad system, the discovery of gold, the policy of assimilation, and broken promises and treaties.

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Answer:

A. the proliferation of nuclear weapons and technology.

Explanation:

The build-up of nuclear weapons in both the United States and Soviet Union helped to keep the Cold War from turning “hot.”

The major landscape feature that covers much of Central Africa is the Congo Basin or the Congo Rainforest. It is the second-largest rainforest in the world after the Amazon Rainforest.

The Congo Basin spans across several countries in Central Africa, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic, and Equatorial Guinea.

The Congo Basin is characterized by dense tropical rainforest, vast wetlands, and numerous rivers, including the Congo River, which is the second-longest river in Africa. It is a biodiverse region, home to a wide variety of plant and animal species, including iconic wildlife such as gorillas, chimpanzees, elephants, and various bird species.

The Congo Basin plays a vital role in regulating the global climate, storing carbon, and providing essential ecosystem services. It is also a significant source of livelihood for local communities who rely on its resources for sustenance and economic activities such as logging and agriculture.

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Throughout American history, there has been no clear or consistent tradition of reform. While there have been moments of significant social and political change, these movements often arise in response to specific issues or events rather than being part of a cohesive movement towards reform.

Additionally, there is often disagreement and division among reformers about the goals and methods of their movement. For example, some reformers may focus on economic inequality while others prioritize civil rights or environmental concerns. This lack of coherence and unity can make it difficult for reform movements to sustain their momentum and achieve lasting change.

Despite these challenges, however, there have been notable achievements in American history as a result of reform efforts, including the abolition of slavery, the women's suffrage movement, and the civil rights movement.

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Jacques Cartier, a French explorer, is best known for his explorations of North America in the 16th century, particularly his voyages to what is now Canada.

His most significant exploration was of the St. Lawrence River, which had far-reaching consequences. Here's an explanation:St. Lawrence River Exploration: Jacques Cartier undertook three major voyages to North America between 1534 and 1542. During his second voyage in 1535, he navigated the Gulf of St. Lawrence and entered the St. Lawrence River.

This exploration of the St. Lawrence River allowed Cartier to penetrate deep into the continent, making significant discoveries along the way.Discovery of New Territories: Cartier's exploration of the St. Lawrence River led to the discovery of new territories in North America, specifically the region that would later become Canada. He sailed upstream, exploring and mapping the river and its surroundings, encountering various Indigenous peoples and establishing contact with them..

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Answer:

Some Americans, with President McKinley supported the U.S. annexation of the Philippines. Why, because of economic/commercial gain, erroneous belief that the Filipinos were uncivilized and needed someone to rule over them (this was called benevolent assimilation), afraid another country might take over.

The Anti-imperialist league was against the U.S. annexation of the Philippines. Why, because they viewed this action as unconstitutional, before American Revvolution we had been colonized and we didn't like so why are going to do it to other people, we should be solving problems at home not overseas, this contradicted the ideals America had been founded on like the Declaration of Independence.

.

Explanation:

In the excerpt, Henry Ford makes several assumptions about the impact of price changes on consumer activity including :

Ford believes that consumers are more likely to buy a product if it is priced lower. He also  believes that consumers have a limited amount of money to spend, and they will therefore choose to spend their money on products that are priced lower.

Ford believes that consumers are willing to substitute one product for another if the price of the first product is too high. These assumptions have been supported by research. Studies have shown that consumers are more likely to buy a product if it is priced lower, and that they are willing to substitute one product for another if the price of the first product is too high.

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Answer:

A system of checks and balances

Explanation:

The reasons why colonial subjects were eager to participate in World War I depended on a number of factors that include economic opportunities, nationalism, recruitment by colonial powers, social mobility, and religious and cultural factors.

1. Economic opportunities: Many colonial subjects saw military service as a way to earn wages and gain access to new economic opportunities that were not available in their home countries.

2. Nationalism and patriotism: Some colonial subjects felt a sense of loyalty to their colonial rulers and were eager to demonstrate their loyalty by fighting for their countries in the war. Others saw military service as an opportunity to assert their own national identities and gain recognition for their contributions to the war effort.

3. Recruitment by colonial powers: Colonial powers actively recruited soldiers from their colonies to fight in the war, often using propaganda and promises of economic and social benefits to attract volunteers.

4. Social mobility: For some colonial subjects, military service offered a way to gain social status and mobility that was not available to them in their colonial societies.

5. Religious and cultural factors: Some colonial subjects saw military service as a way to defend their religious or cultural traditions against perceived threats from other nations or ideologies.

The question is incomplete. The correct question should be:

Why were colonial subjects eager to participate in World War I?

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In the 1980s, if a new record wanted to get national exposure, the media outlet it should have appeared on would have been MTV.

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