The albino phenotype is what possible phenotypes may be observed in their offspring that is aa only.
In all types of OCA and some types of OA, albinism is inherited in an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. This means that the child must get two copies of the albinism-causing gene one from each parent. OCA is inherited as an autosomal recessive disease. Recessive disorders occur when individuals inherit an abnormal gene for the same trait from each parent.
Allele pairs of each gene stay together during gamete production. Albinism is passed from parent to child through genes. With most types of her OCA, both parents must carry the albinism gene for a child with albinism to be born. Both parents may have normal pigmentation but still, carry the gene. Genetic testing can be used to determine if the fetus has albinism.
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which factor contributes to both chemical and mechanical weathering
Answer: The factor which contributes to both chemical and mechanical weathering is water.
Explanation:
What is chemical weathering?
Chemical weathering is the erosion or disintegration of rocks, of soil materials, by chemical reactions.
The major factor contributing to chemical weathering is water and minerals dissolved in it while mechanical weathering such as abrasion, freezing etc, is also caused by water.
Thus, we can conclude that, the factor which contributes to both chemical and mechanical weathering is water.
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the superficial portion of the dermisgroup of answer choicesa and b are correct.a, b and c are correct.includes touch receptors called meissner's corpuscles.has decreased surface area due to the presence of dermal papillae.is called the papillary region.
Option a and b are correct.
the superficial portion of the dermisgroup is called the papillary region includes touch receptors called Meissner's corpuscles.
Skin-based touch receptors are a subtype of sensory neuron that respond to mechanical stimulus. They have specific ends. Touch receptors therefore communicate with the central nervous system about tactile inputs as a component of the somatosensory system.
Mechanoreceptors fall into one of three categories: baroreceptors, proprioceptors, or tactile. Due to the physical distortion of their plasma membranes, mechanoreceptors detect stimuli. They contain mechanically-gated ion channels, which respond to pressure, touch, stretching, and sound by opening or closing their gates. Merkel's discs, Meissner's corpuscles, Ruffini endings, and Pacinian corpuscle are the four basic tactile mechanoreceptors found in human skin; two of these structures are found closer to the skin's surface and two are deeper. Krause end bulbs, a fifth variety of mechanoreceptor, are exclusively found.
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what makes this chart a climate representation and not one that shows the weather
A climate graph is a chart that displays the typical weather for a specific time period and area. A bar graph is used to display the amount of precipitation, while a line graph is used to display the temperature.
What is climate graph?Climate graphs display the typical levels of precipitation and temperature for a location. A line graph displays the temperature, while a bar graph displays the amount of rainfall. The months of the year run down the base of the representation, which is often on the same set of axes.
Why is a climate graph important?Scientists and meteorologists use climate graphs to determine long-term averages over a 12-month period. As a result, climate graphs are effective at illuminating a location's seasonal climate but are not a very excellent source for specifics about the location's climate.
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in biological anthropology, why is it useful to examine sexual dimorphism? group of answer choices it is the study of sexual intercourse between primates. it varies with the pattern of competition among males. it relates to sexual courtship rituals in primates. it determines male and female social hierarchy.
It determines male and female social hierarchy
What is anthropology ?
Anthropology is the study of what makes people human. Anthropologists investigate all the various dimensions of the human experience from a holistic perspective. To learn how and what mattered to human groups hundreds or thousands of years ago, they turn to the past through archaeology.
Anthropology is the study of what makes people human. Anthropologists investigate all the various dimensions of the human experience from a holistic perspective. To learn how and what mattered to human groups hundreds or thousands of years ago, they turn to the past through archaeology.
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atp production in halophilic archaea that contain bacteriorhodopsin differs from atp production in cyanobacteria in that only cyanobacteria choose one: a. are found in water. b. use light to excite electrons. c. oxidize water. d. create a proton motive for
Option c ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) production in halophilic archaea that contain bacteriorhodopsin differs from ATP production in cyanobacteria in that only cyanobacteria oxidize water.
A relatively recent functional water product called oxidize water has oxygen added to it during the canning or bottling process. It is asserted that the additional oxygen has health advantages, such as facilitating the body's detoxification process and enhancing the metabolism of alcohol. The liver, blood, and immune system appear to be unaffected by prolonged oxygenated water ingestion. In addition, it causes a brief, modest rise in oxygen radicals in the blood. Water that has been oxygenated can be useful if you want to improve the health of your skin naturally. That's because it can aid in oxygenating your skin cells, which can aid in enhancing the tone and texture of your skin. Your skin gets the oxygen it needs when it is oxygenated, so your skin cells can
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Can someone help me understand this question
Answer:
Explanation: The names of the compounds given are really large and complex molecules. They are asking for the building blocks of these molecules which is what the complex molecules are made of. One is given (glucose). They are also asking for the function of the building blocks, which means what is the building block of each molecule needed for in a human body. And the examples of those building blocks and functions.
what would a man made biosphere built by you look like? how would it work?
A biosphere built by me will have the presence of plants, animals, microbes and other resources which are beneficial to the ecosystem.
What is a Biosphere?This is referred to as the portion of the earth which is characterized by the presence of different types of life forms.
A good biosphere must have a constant food supply which is ideal for the growth and survival of the organism. It is best to have plants as they are the primary producers and provide food to other animals. Microbes help in decomposition and other processes and will ensure they are present so as to reduce pollution.
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Looking at the pedigree chart, individual #8 must be heterozygous for the trait in question.
Human pedigreeThe trait shown by the pedigree is a recessive trait. Thus, individuals that phenotypically exhibit the trait will have two recessive alleles.
This means that individuals #1 and #10 in the pedigree are homzygous recessive for the trait.
Let us assume that the recessive trait is a while the alternate version is A. If it has been established that individual #1 is homzygous recessive, the genotype will be aa.
we are not sure if individual #2 is homzygous dominant or heterozygous.
If #2 is heterozygous, the cross between #1 and #2 will be:
aa x Aa
Aa aa Aa aa
If #2 is homzygous dominant, the cross would be:
aa x AA
Aa Aa Aa Aa
Whatever the genotype of #2, the offspring are either heterozygous or exhibit the trait. Since none of the offspring is shaded in the pedigree, it means they can only be heterozygous.
In other words, individual #8 can only be heterozygous for the trait in the pedigree.
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which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true? although microtubules are common within a cell, actin filaments are rarely found outside of the nucleus. the cytoskeleton of eukaryotes is a static structure most resembling scaffolding used at construction sites. the cytoskeleton is produced by transport vesicles of the endomembrane system. movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would have little effect on a cell's response to external stimuli.
The answer is yes this is true, the dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and disassembly of a large number of complex proteins into larger aggregates. There are three types of the cytoskeleton: actin filaments (microfilament), microtubules, and intermediate filaments.
What does cytoskeleton mean?All cells, including those of bacteria and archaea, have a complex, dynamic network of interconnecting protein filaments called the cytoskeleton. It stretches from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane in eukaryotes and is made up of identical proteins in different animals.The cytoplasmic protein filament and microtubule network that regulates cell shape, upholds intracellular structure, and participates in cell motility. Examples of Other Words from Cytoskeleton More information on the cytoskeleton.Contractile bundles (found in muscle cells), the MTOC, the nuclear lamina, and the intermediate filament-based 'cage' that forms around the nucleus from flexible cables at the cell surface to the core of the cell are a few examples of higher-order cytoskeleton structures.Hence, the above statement is true.
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______ is a specialized type of cell division that produces cells that are genetically different from each other.
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that produces cells that are genetically different from each other.
Cell division is the process through which all cells are created from other cells. Meiosis is a specific type of cell division that generates reproductive cells like sperm and egg cells as well as plant and fungus spores. A "parent" cell generally divides into two or more "daughter" cells during this process. The parent cell can transmit its genetic material in this manner from generation to generation.
Meiosis is a specific type of cell division that takes place in sexually reproducing organisms. It generates reproductive cells like sperm, egg, and spores in plants and fungi, as was previously indicated. In humans, germ cells go through a process called meiosis to develop into sperm or eggs.
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What is Chargaff’s Rule? How can we use that to compare species' DNA?
Answer:
equivalence rule
Explanation:
How would the structure of nucleotides in a dna molecule affect the structure of amino acids in a protein
DNA determines which amino acids make a protein by the combination of three nucleotides. Each set of three nucleotides is called a codon and each codon corresponds to a particular amino acid, although an amino acid can be coded by multiple codons because there are only 22 aminoacids.
This is known as the genetic code:
g you cross the unknown with a wrinkled pea which has a homozygous recessive (rr) genotype. all progeny are spherical. based on these results what is the unknown genotype?
The genetic components that make up an organism's genotype. The term "genotype" also refers to the set of alleles or genetic variations that a person possesses within a certain gene or genetic region.
What is homozygous recessive (RR)?A heterozygous genotype means that an organism has both a dominant and a recessive allele.
This genotype is referred to in our scenario as Bb.
Last but not least, a genotype in which there are two recessive alleles in an organism is known as homozygous recessive.
Heterozygosity, as opposed to homozygosity, has two distinct alleles.
Our parents appeared in various guises to you.
When two alleles are heterozygous, the dominant allele wins out over the recessive one.
Therefore, the dominant characteristic will emerge.
We are carriers even though we won't exhibit the recessive trait.
the parts of an organism's genome that make up its genotype.
The set of alleles or genetic variations that a person possesses inside a certain gene or genetic area is also referred to as their genotype.
Therefore, the genetic components that make up an organism's genotype. The term "genotype" also refers to the set of alleles or genetic variations that a person possesses within a certain gene or genetic region.
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a common inhabitant of human intestines is the bacterium escherichia coli. a cell of this bacterium in a nutrient-broth medium divides into two cells every 20 minutes. the initial population of a culture is 52 cells. find the relative growth rate. (assume t is measured in hours.)
Relative growth rate of the bacterium will be k=ln8
E. coli: Escherichia coli, more commonly referred to as just E. coli, is well-known for causing severe human illness, but there are only a few strains. The majority of strains are harmless and naturally occur in the human intestine.
From the equation: [tex]p(t) = p_{o} e^{kt}[/tex]
[tex]\\p_{o} = 52, t= 20 min = \frac{20}{60} hr = \frac{1}{3} hr.[/tex]
To find Relative growth:
[tex]\frac{p(t)}{p_{o} } = 2[/tex] at [tex]t= \frac{1}{3} hr\\[/tex] (as cell divide into 2 in first 20 min)
[tex]2= e^{\frac{k}{3} } , ln2= \frac{k}{3}[/tex]
therefore, k= ln8
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For an individual with the xxy chromosomal composition, the expected number of barr bodies in interphase cells is ________.
For an individual with the xxy chromosomal composition, the expected number of barr bodies in interphase cells is one.
What are barr bodies?A Barr body also known as X-chromatin is described as an inactive X chromosome in a cell with more than one X chromosome, rendered inactive in a process called lyonization, in species with XY sex-determination.
People having more than one X chromosome, the quantity of Barr bodies seen in interphase is always one fewer than total number of X chromosome. So,in this scenario we have above the person is having XXY chromosomal composition, the expected number of barr bodies in interphase cells is one.
In conclusion, Barr Bodies can be found in various biological samples such as hair, buccal cells, and blood.
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what phenotypic ratios would be expected for the following genetic crosses? monohybrid cross, alleles exhibit complete dominance [ select ] monohybrid cross, alleles exhibit incomplete dominance [ select ] dihybrid cross, alleles exhibit complete dominance and epistasis [ select ]
Phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross, Complete dominance- 3:1, monohybrid cross, incomplete dominance- 1:2:1, dihybrid cross, complete dominance&epistasis- 9:3:4.
A monohybrid cross is a genetic mix between two people with homozygous genotypes, or genotypes with completely dominant or completely recessive alleles, that produce opposite phenotypes for a particular genetic trait. This is called a homozygous cross.
A mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits is referred to as a dihybrid cross. The term "hybrid" refers to an organism that is heterozygous, meaning that it possesses two distinct alleles at a specific genetic position or locus.
Only one allele from the genotype is present in the phenotype in complete dominance. In codominance, the phenotype reflects both genotype alleles. In incomplete dominance, the phenotype consists of a mix of the genotype's alleles.
When one gene's expression is altered (e.g., masked, inhibited, or suppressed) by the expression of one or more other genes, this condition is known as epistasis.
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albinism (the lack of melanin pigmentation) is an autosomal recessive trait. a man and woman both show normal pigmentation but both have one parent who has albinism. they have one daughter who is phenotypically normal. what is the probability that their next child would be an albino girl?
The probability that the next child will show albinism is 0.25.
Albinism is a kind of genetic disorder that occurs in a person. This condition is caused by the lack of a pigment called melanin in a person. The lack of this certain pigment in a person's skin, hair, and eyes leads to lighter color or no color in one's skin, hair, or eyes.
In the given situation, the parents of the child are heterozygous parents.
Hence, since they both have one parent that has albinism, the probability that they will show albinism is 0.25. Since it is a recessive trait in both of them, they might or might not show it. In this case, they didn't, but the marker which carries the trait is still present in both of them. Hence, when they pass it on to their second child, the probability that the second child will show albinism is also 0.25 or 25%
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Which are sources of adult stem cells? Select three options.
Answer:
where’s the picture?
Explanation:
Answer:
It's 1, 3, 4
I got it right on the quiz
In a photosystem, clusters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments function most like?.
In a photosystem, clusters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments function most like an antenna. There are two photosystems in plants. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is a Photosystem?
A photosystem is a protein complex which is a group of two or more proteins, these include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, and other accessory pigments which are essential for the photochemistry of photosynthesis. It carries out the absorption of light photons and the transfer of these electrons in light reaction and dark reactions of photosynthesis. There are two photosystems in plants which are Photosystem I and Photosystem II which makes made up of antenna.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
In a photosystem, clusters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments function most like
A) an electrical generator.
B) an antenna.
C) a propeller on a motorboat.
D) a windmill.
E) a spring.
which of the following statements is true about epigenetics
Fur color in animals is frequently controlled by more than one gene. However, brown fur in rabbits is dominant over white fur. A white female gives birth to all white rabbits, even though the father had brown fur. Show how this is possible. (5 pts)
Genotype: Phenotype
(Punnett square pls)
It is possible for a white female rabbit to give birth to all white rabbits even if the father had a brown fur. This is largely due to chance.
Chance in geneticsLet us first consider the cross in question.
Brown fur is dominant over white fur. Assuming the brown allele is B while the white allele is b, a brown rabbit will have a genotype of either BB or Bb. A white rabbit, on the other hand, can only have a bb genotype.
This means that the genotype of the female rabbit will be bb. If the genotype of the brown fur father is BB:
BB x bb
Bb Bb Bb Bb
All the offspring will have brown fur since B is dominant over b.
In other words, the genotype of the father rabbit can only be Bb.
Bb x bb
Bb Bb bb bb
Genotype ratio = 50% Bb : 50% bb
Phenotype ratio = 50% brown fur : 50% white fur
The chances of producing white fur offspring is 50% while that of brown fur offspring is also 50%. Given enough population of offspring, these chances will reflect.
However, with a small population of offspring, it is possible for either of the fur colors to be dominant. An all-white or all-brown fur offspring can result in a small population.
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Which chemical leads to a pleasurable sensation when released in the brain, such as in response to nicotine?.
Your bloodstream carries nicotine to your adrenal glands, which are located above your kidneys.Your heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure all rise as a result of the glands releasing adrenaline.You experience a lot of positive emotions at once when taking adrenaline.
How does nicotine cause a pleasant feeling?
The body is stimulated by the adrenaline surge, which raises heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rates.Nicotine stimulates the brain's reward circuits, which control reinforcement and pleasure perception, just like other substances do. The idea that the hunger and mood disorders linked to nicotine withdrawal may be caused by reduced serotoninergic transmission is supported by the fact that nicotine stimulates brain serotonin production while nicotine withdrawal has the opposite effect (4, 5). Cigarettes contain nicotine, a bioactive substance that stimulates the central nervous system's nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to provide pleasant effects.Nicotine dependency results from the central nervous system's plasticity being altered by repeated nicotine consumptionNicotinic acetylcholine receptors that are found in the brain are where nicotine mostly manifests its effects.It increases Ach release and metabolism by stimulating presynaptic acetylcholine receptors.It also stimulates the dopaminergic system, raising the level of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens as a result. Dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate are just a few of the neurotransmitters that are increased in release when nicotine binds to nicotinic receptors in the brain. Serotonin and dopamine may be released when nicotine is administered acutely (23), but chronic nicotine administration to rats has been demonstrated to reduce serotonin levels and serotonin biosynthesis (24, 25). Dopamine is released into the brain within seconds of inhaling cigarette smoke, vape mist, or chewing tobacco, which makes people feel good.People need to consume more and more cigarettes to achieve the same positive feeling over time as their brain starts to want the effects of Nicotinic receptor agonists include nicotine and ACh.Nicotinic receptors bind to nicotine and ACh, which results in a conformational shift that either opens or closes the receptors' ion channels, altering the functional state of the receptors. Nicotine, which is highly addictive, is a component of both smoking and vaping.It has been established that smoking causes cancer, which can be fatal.However, it has been established that vaping can lead to fatal lung diseases.The truth is that smoking is deadly.To learn more about nicotine refer
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substrates are held in the active site of an enzyme by:the matching shape of the allosteric site.the lowering of the activation energy.hydrogen and ionic bonds.the action of coenzymes and cofactors.
Substrates are held in the active site of an enzyme by hydrogen and ionic bonds.
What is ionic and hydrogen bonds?Ionic bonds are attracted by electrostatic forces, whereas hydrogen bonds are intermolecular forces. Ionic bonding occurs between permanent anions and cations, whereas hydrogen bonds occur between partial positive and partial negative charges. This is the main distinction between the two types of bonds.
In that they are created by the attraction of atoms with opposing polarity, hydrogen bonds are comparable to ionic bonds in this regard. They lack the strength of full or complete charges, however, as they are formed by the interplay of partial charges.
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what is the product of meosis 1?
Answer:
meosis 1 segregates homologous chromosomes which are joined as tetrads (2n, 4c ). producing two haploid cells ( in chromosomes ) which each contained chromatid pairs because the ployidy is reduced from diploid to haploid meosis 1 is referred to as a reductionial division
When considering different hypotheses, usually the
_______ one which can account for the
________ is the correct one.
Answer:
simplest, information
Help help please help help me help help please help help
Answer: Q1. The primary function of the plasma membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, the plasma membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and regulates the movement of substances in and out of cells.
Q2. The phospholipids in the cell membrane are arranged in two layers, called a phospholipid bilayer. Each phospholipid molecule has a head and two tails.
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Within the Phylum Platyhelminthes, what does it mean to be bilateral?A. to have symmetry on your body from side to sideB. to have 2 of each appendageC. to have multiple layers of body tissuesD. to have 2 step in your life cycle
Platyhelminthes present a body that can be divided into two, drawing a line from the head to the tail right in the middle of it, as the following image shows:
which statement about linkage of genes is false? genes on the same chromosome that are far apart have a higher recombination frequency than those that are close together. crossing over results in recombinant phenotypes. crossing over between two linked genes can alter phenotypes of progeny. genes on the same chromosome are said to be linked. genes on the same chromosome assort independently.
The genes are most likely near to one another .The likelihood that two genes will be inherited together increases as they get more closely spaced.
Two genes are likely near to one another if they are on the same chromosome and infrequently assort independently. The alleles of two distinct genes are sorted into gametes independently of one another, according to Mendel's law of independent assortment. An allele for one gene does not affect the allele for another gene that a gamete acquires.
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The results of one experiment carried out by a research team would be considered valid if
A) All the members of the research team came to the same conclusion
B) The experiment had more than 1 variable
C) The experiment was repeated and same results were obtained each time
D) The experiment had no control set up
Answer:
c
Explanation: hope it helped
a microscope has a x5 eyepiece lens.
describe how to use this microscope to observe a prepared slide of root hair cells at a magnification of x50
[4 marks]
Level 2: To create an accurate account, scientifically significant facts, events, or processes are recognized and provided in detail.
Level 1: Facts, events, or processes are named and briefly described, but it is unclear how relevant they are.
Place slide on stage. Use lowest power / 4 objective lens (initially). Adjust mirror or turn on light so light passes through slide. Move stage as close to lens as possible. Slide must not touch lens. Turn focusing the knob so that slide moves away from lens. Turn focusing knob until image comes into focus. Use fine focus to get clear image. Change objective lens to 10.10 objective lenses and 5 eyepieces, for a total magnification of 50. use the focusing knob to refocus the slideUsing a 5X objective and a 10X eyepiece, for instance, results in a total visual magnification of 50X, and vice versa.
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The magnification of microscope can be made to 50x by adjusting the parameters .
What is magnification of a microscope?
The capacity of a microscope to create an image of an object at a scale bigger (or even smaller) than its real size is known as magnification. Only when it is feasible to discern more details of an object in the image than when studying the object without the use of a magnifying glass can magnification be effective.
The steps for adjusting the magnification of microscope is given below
Set a slide on the stage. utilize a 4-objective lens at the lowest power (initially).Adjust the mirror or switch on the light to let light through the slide. Position stage as closely as possible to the lens.The lens must not touch the slide.Slide should depart from lens as you turn the focusing knob.Once the image is in focus, turn the focusing knob.Get a crisp image by using precise focus.10 objective lenses, 5 eyepieces, and a 50x magnification are the new parameters for the objective lens.reset the slide's focus by turning the focusing knob.A total visual magnification of 50X, for example, is achieved when using a 5X objective and a 10X eyepiece, and vice versa.Hence, the magnification of microscope can be made to 50x by adjusting the parameters .
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