If we weighed a cup of water and a spoonful of pepper separately and then stirred the pepper into the water and weighed the mixture, how do you think the weights would compare? Why? What if we did the same with sugar?

If we assume that helium acts as an ideal gas, we can calculate that 1.000 mol of it will take up 3.43 L, which is 6.53 times less than its volume at standard conditions.

Assuming that helium behaves like an ideal gas in both cases, we can calculate the volume at 2.20 K using the ideal gas equation:

PV = nRT

P - the pressure exerted by the gas (0.05256 atm)

V - the volume of the gas

n - number of moles of the gas (1.000 mol)

R - universal gas constant (0.08206 L*atm/K*mol)

T - temperature (2.20 K)

If we rearrange the equation, we get:

V = nRT/P

Now we plug in the known values:

V = 1.000 mol * 0.08206 L*atm/K*mol * 2.20 K / 0.05256 atm

V = 3.43 L

At standard conditions (273 K, 1 atm), 1 mol of an ideal gas has a volume of 22.4 L, so the volume at described conditions is 22.4 L / 3.43 L = 6.53 times smaller than at standard conditions.

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Water molecules slide around each other, results in making and breaking of hydrogen bonds. As energy is added, molecules move rapidly that they spread in all directions. This phase-change process is called vaporization.

The temperature of liquid water increases as it is heated up until it reaches 100°C. Water that was in  liquid state turns into vapors at this point. This  transition of a liquid into a gas is referred to as Vaporization. The water molecules absorb heat energy. As a result, the particles move more quickly as they gain extra energy until they possess sufficient energy to break free of the liquid molecules to vapors. There are two types of vaporization. 1. Boiling that occurs below the surface of a liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which it begins to boil. Water has a boiling point of 100 °C. 2. Evaporation that take place at the surface of the liquid. Some of the molecules that move  faster are able to overcome the forces of attraction of other molecules and escape from the water's surface.

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Chemistry =>Introduction to Chemistry => Scientific Method

A scientific method corresponds to a methodology to obtain new knowledge.

We must start from an idea, an assumption of how a compound or a process behaves, this is our hypothesis.

Following this, we must identify what can affect our process, what are the variables, and what will be the response variable, for this we carry out an experiment.

Once the experiments have been carried out, we must analyze the results, draw conclusions as to why the behavior occurs, and if our hypothesis is true or not.

It is useless for us to obtain new knowledge if we do not share it, We have to share the results, in this way other people can start from that knowledge to create another,

Therefore, the answer will be:

1. Make a hypothesis

2. Conduct an experiment

3. Analyze the experiment data

4. Communicate the results

The atomic mass of element x is 85.56 amu if 72% of the atoms have a mass of 85 amu and 28% of the atoms have a mass of 87 amu

The atomic mass of an element can be determined by first multiplying the percentage of its isotopes by their atomic mass and then adding the resultants together.

As 72% of the atoms have a mass of 85 amu and 28% have a mass of 87 amu, therefore

atomic mass of element x = (72% × 85) + (28% × 87)

atomic mass of element x = (72/100 × 85) + (28/100 × 87)

atomic mass of element x = (0.72 × 85) + (0.28 × 87)

atomic mass of element x = 61.2 + 24.36

atomic mass of element x = 85.56 amu

Therefore the atomic mass of element x is calculated to be 85.56 amu.

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Because boiling point is independent of liquid volume, the boiling point would not vary.

What is boiling point  ?

A liquid's boiling point changes depending on the pressure being applied; the normal boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the average atmospheric pressure at sea level (760 mm [29.92 inches] of mercury). Water boils at sea level at 100° C.

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure around it and the liquid turns into a vapor is known as the boiling point of a substance

A liquid's boiling point varies depending on the atmospheric pressure in the area. The boiling point of a liquid is lower in a partial vacuum than it is at atmospheric pressure. A liquid's boiling point is lower under low pressure than it is under air pressure. As a result, water boils at 99.97 °C (211.95 °F) at sea level but at 93.4 °C (200.1 °F) at 1,905 m (6,250 ft) altitude under standard pressure. Various liquids will boil at different temperatures at a given pressure.

Because boiling point is independent of liquid volume, the boiling point would not vary.

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In order to remedy this potentially hazardous situation of Hydrochloric acid option b.  put some sodium bicarbonate on the gloves so they can be neutralized.

Hydrochloric acid, additionally known as muriatic acid, is an aqueous answer of hydrogen chloride. it's far a drab answer with a distinctively smelly odor. it's far categorized as a robust acid. It is a part of gastric acid in the digestive structures of maximum animal species, which include human beings.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is generally used for the neutralization of alkaline marketers, as a bleaching agent, in the food, textile, metallic, and rubber industries. it's far neutralized if launched into the soil and it rapidly hydrolyzes while exposed to water.

Hydrochloric acid is a clean, toxic liquid. it is a caustic chemical and notably corrosive, which means it right away reasons severe damage to tissues, such as burning, on touch. this text discusses poisoning from swallowing or breathing in hydrochloric acid.

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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.

The hydrochloric acid utilized in this experiment can often discolor gloves if it is spilled on them during use. If this does occur, what should be done in order to remedy this potentially hazardous situation?

a. Gloves are not needed in this experiment, this question is invalid.

b. put some sodium bicarbonate on the gloves so they can be neutralized.

c. Remove the glove and wash your hand prior to putting a new pair on.

d. wash the gloves off and continue to use them.

The volume at which the pH can be used to determine the pKa of the acid is 7.40 ml if the equivalence point occurred at 14.81 ml of added sodium hydroxide.

The weak acid and the conjugate base will have an equal number of moles at the half-equivalence point as the number of moles of sodium hydroxide will neutralize half of the number of moles of the weak acid which will then produce more conjugate base.

The chemical reaction can be given as;

HA = (H^+) + A^-

Calculation of pKa:

pH = pKa + log[A^-]/[HA]

At half equivalence point, pH = pKa

As, ka = 10^-pka

Therefore, ka = 10^-pH

Volume is given which is 14.81 ml. Therefore, the volume that is used to determine the pKa of the acid can be calculated as follows;

14.81/2 = 7.40 ml

Therefore the volume used to determine the pKa of the acid is calculated to be 7.40 ml

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Answer:

a buffalo

Explanation: if its north America it needs to be native from here none of the other are from north America

Bread grows mold more quickly at room temperature than in the refrigerator because more reactants will have the energy necessary to proceed to products at room temperature than at refrigerator temperatures.

Molds are formed on bread due to various reactions that facilitate the living of the molds on the bread and allow them to reproduce on the bread.

However, as molds are living organisms characterized as fungi, they need enzymes for function.

The enzymes and proteins normally function best at room temperature. On the other hand, when the temperatures are low, such as that of a refrigerator the molds will not have enough energy because the proteins and enzymes will be inactivated. Hence, molds grow on bread quickly at room temperature as compared to bread in a refrigerator.

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When a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to either oxygen, , or fluorine there will be an attraction between that hydrogen and a lone pair of on a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom on an adjacent molecule. This attraction is called a bond nitrogen lone bond.

Strong intermolecular interactions known as hydrogen bonds can develop between adjacent molecules. Between the covalently bound hydrogen atom of one molecule and the electron lone pair of a second molecule, hydrogen bonds are created.

Due to their strong electronegativity, only nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atoms may be used in this process. These three atoms have extremely high electronegativity, which makes it simple for them to draw the electron from the hydrogen atom and establish hydrogen bonds.

Atoms within a molecule are held together by intramolecular forces. There are forces between molecules known as intermolecular forces.

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A volcano has recently irrupt it and wiped out most of the wildlife will leave it on the volcano and it will create huge impact on birds in the area going to be impacted as the volcano irrupt heat will generate and it will cause increase in the temperature that will change the life style of the various birds living in that area.

Volcano is defined as a rupture in the part of the crust of the planetary mass of the object generally Earth, which allows the hot lava as well as ash, including the gases that has been escaped from the chamber of the magma.

Therefore, A volcano has recently irrupt it and wiped out most of the wildlife will leave it on the volcano and it will create huge impact on birds in the area going to be impacted as the volcano irrupt heat will generate and it will cause increase in the temperature that will change the life style of the various birds living in that area.

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Answer:

Cyclone Movement

Explanation:

To form a cyclone, warm, moist air over the ocean rises upward from near the surface. As this air moves up and away from the ocean surface, it leaves is less air near the surface.

So basically as the warm air rises, it causes an area of lower air pressure below.

The correct answer about Liquids A and B is:

Liquid B has a lower boiling point because more water evaporated, therefore the interactions between the particles in Liquid B are weaker than the interactions in Liquid A; option D

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the molecules of the liquid change phase from liquid to gas.

At the boiling point of a liquid, the molecules of the liquid acquire enough energy to break free of the intermolecular forces between the molecules.

The lower the boiling point of a liquid, the lesser the strength of the intermolecular forces between the molecules,

Hence liquids with lower boiling points evaporate faster.

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4Al + 2Pb(No3)2 → 4Al(No3) + Pb2

Hope this helps!

XY + Z→ XZ + Y is an example of a substitution reaction. A substitution reaction involves the exchange of one atom for another.

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Using the balanced reaction equation, we can calculate that the mass of the precipitate will be 1.617 g.

To solve this question, we need to write the balanced reaction equation first:

2 NaF(aq) + BeSO₄(aq) → Na₂SO₄(aq) + BeF₂(s)

We can now see that the precipitate will be beryllium fluoride. We can also see that 1 mol of beryllium sulfate reacts with 2 moles of sodium fluoride. Now we can calculate the number of moles (n) of both reactants using their molarities (c) and volumes (V):

c = n/V ⇒ n = c * V

n(NaF) = c(NaF) * V(NaF)

n(NaF) = 4.988 M * 79.854 mL = 0.3983 mol

n(BeSO₄) = c(BeSO₄) * V(BeSO₄)

n(BeSO₄) = 1.471 M * 23.3760 mL

n(BeSO₄) = 0.03439 mol

We can see that n(NaF) is more than 2 times greater than n(BeSO₄), so NaF is in excess, and BeSO₄ is the limiting reactant. Now we can calculate the number of moles of BeF₂ formed:

1 mol BeSO₄ : 1 mol BeF₂ = 0.03439 mol BeSO₄ : X

X = 0.03439 mol BeF₂

We can now convert the number of moles (n = 0.03439 mol) of BeF₂ into mass (m), using the molar mass of BeF₂ (M = 47.01 g/mol):

n = m/M ⇒ m = n * M

m = 0.03439 mol * 47.01 g/mol

m = 1.617 g

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Using the distribution coefficient, we can calculate the masses removed from water: a) 45.8 g; b) 48.8 g.

If the distribution coefficient between DCM (methylene chloride) and water is 11, that means that the concentration in DCM is 11 times greater than the concentration in water.

a) When equal volumes of the solvents are used, the amount of the solute in DCM (A) will be 11 times greater than the amount of solute remaining in water (B).

A + B = 50.0 g

A = 11 B

11 B + B = 50.0 g

12 B = 50.0 g

B = 50.0 g / 12

B = 4.17 g

A = 11 * 4.2 g

A = 45.8 g

b) Because the solvent volumes are not the same, we have to use concentrations. We can still label the mass of Y in DCM as A, and the mass of Y in water as B. After a single extraction with 125 mL of DCM we get:

A₁ + B₁ = 50.0 g

(A₁ / 125 mL) / (B₁ / 250 mL) = 11

2 A₁ / B₁ = 11

A₁ = 11 B₁ / 2

A₁ = 5.5 B₁

5.5 B₁ + B₁ = 50.0 g

6.5 B₁ = 50.0 g

B₁ = 50.0 g / 6.5

B₁ = 7.7 g

So, after the first extraction, 7.7 g of Y has remained in water. That means that for the second extraction:

A₂ + B₂ = 7.7 g

A₂= 5.5 B₂

5.5 B₂ + B₂ = 7.7 g

6.5 B₂ = 7.7 g

B₁ = 7.7 g / 6.5

B₁ = 1.2 g

After the second extraction, only 1.2 g of Y has remained in water, while 50.0 g - 1.2 g = 48.8 g of Y was removed from water.

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The rate of the reaction if the concentration of ethanol was doubled will remain the same.

The rate of the reaction tert-butyl ethyl ether, (ch3)3coch2ch3, in acidic conditions, will undergo the SN1 mechanism so the rate of reaction will remain the same.

The rate of reaction is the rate at which a chemical reaction takes region, defined as proportional to the increase inside the concentration of a product in step with unit time and to the lower within the awareness of a reactant in line with unit time. response prices can vary dramatically.

The speed with which a reaction takes area is called the fee of a response. as instance, timber combustion has a high response rate since the manner is fast, and rusting of iron has a low response rate as the technique is slow. Rate is most customarily calculated by the usage of the equation The devices of rate calculated in this manner are s -1.

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Answer:

Explanation:Again, this is an example of a physical change. Figure 3.6. 1: Ice melting is a physical change. When liquid water (H2O) freezes into a solid state (ice), it appears changed; however, this change is only physical, as the composition of the constituent molecules is the same: 11.19% hydrogen and 88.81% oxygen by mass.03-Sept-2019

Electrons from fadh2 are transferred to succinate reductase and then to a small organic molecule called Ubiquinone.

Electron Transport chain?

The electron transport chain main job is to produce an electrochemical gradient. It propels the production of ATP during photosynthesis and cellular respiration in mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. Cellular respiration uses it.

Ubiquinone transfer electrons to Complex III from Complexes I and II as well as from other mitochondrial dehydrogenases by acting as an electron transporter in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

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(a) The work done when the gas expands isothermally against a constant external pressure is 87.992 kJ

(b) The work that would be done if the same expansion occurred reversibly is 167.4 J

Given that the mass of methane m is = 4.5 gram = 0.0045 kg

Volume occupies [tex]V_{1}[/tex] = [tex]12.7dm^{3}[/tex]

And volume is increased by [tex]3.3dm^{3}[/tex]

So, the increased volume [tex]V_{2}[/tex] is

12.7 + 3.3 = 16 litres

Given temperature T is 310K

Pressure is given as 210 Torr = 26664.5 Pa

(a) Now, at the given pressure the work done is given by

W = P( [tex]V_{2}[/tex] - [tex]V_{1}[/tex])

W = 26664.5 (16 - 12.7)

W = 87992.85 J

W = 87.992 kJ

(b) At reversible process work done is given by

W = nRT㏑[tex]\frac{V2}{V1}[/tex]

We have the given mass = 4.5 gram

Molar mass of methane = 16

So number of moles is

n = Mass in gram / Molar Mass

n = 4.5 / 16

n = 0.28125

So, work done is

W = 0.28125 × 8.314 × nRT㏑[tex]\frac{16}{12.7}[/tex]

W = 167.4 J

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The hydrologic cycle to be altered because of global warming due to increasing green house effect.

Global warming is the term used to describe the phenomena of a gradual increase in temperature close to the earth's surface. This trend has been noticed during the past century or so. This change has affected the pattern of the earth's climate. Scientists have offered proof that the earth's temperature is gradually rising, even if the concept of global warming is still up for debate.

Global warming has a number of causes that are harmful to people, plants, and animals.

A glass-enclosed structure called a greenhouse is used to grow plants. The sun's beams warm the greenhouse's air and plants. The greenhouse must be warmed in order for the plants to flourish because the heat that is trapped inside is unable to escape. The earth's atmosphere is identical.

The greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere absorb the heat throughout this process. Because of this, the earth's surface becomes warmer, which enables life to exist on the planet.

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Answer:

Explanation:

In which step of the four-stroke engine cycle does the car release CO₂, H₂O, and CO?

O C. Exhaust

Mg2N3  compound having general formula X2Y2  it having cation as +3 charge and bonds ionically with group 15 in a 2:3 ratio.

When two or more elements combine chemically  in a specific mass ratio, the resulting product is called a compound. Compounds can be defined as substances consisting of two or more different types of elements in a fixed ratio of their atoms.

A compound is one where  different types of atoms have joined together to form molecules. For example, water is a compound. The chemical name of water is H2O because it contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom chemically bonded together.

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The mole fraction of water decreases because, at this starting mole fraction, solid water forms before solid acetic acid.

What is mole fraction ?

Mole fraction represents the number of molecules of a particular component in a mixture divided by the total number of moles in the given mixture. It’s a way of expressing the concentration of a solution.

The amount fraction is another name for the mole fraction.  It is the same as number fraction, which is calculated by dividing the number of molecules in a constituent (Ni) by the sum of all molecules. Instead of using a Roman x, the lowercase Greek letter chi is occasionally used to represent the mole fraction. The IUPAC recommends the letter y for gas mixtures.

Because it does not include the name of the unit mole, the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States prefers the phrase amount-of-substance fraction to mole fraction.

Molar concentration is a proportion of moles to volume, whereas mole fraction is a ratio of moles to moles.

The mole fraction of water decreases because, at this starting mole fraction, solid water forms before solid acetic acid.

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Answer:

physical change

Explanation:

melting is a physical change, a physical change does not involve a change in chemical bonds.

There is no temperature increase during a phase change because the heat supplied to the substance is used to give the molecules in the substance energy to break free from the forces holding them together.

A phase change in a substance refers to the process by which a substance changes from one physical state to another when heat is added or removed from it.

A phase change is also called a change of state.

The various types of phase changes are as follows;

During a phase change, even though heat is entering or leaving the system, the overall temperature of the system does not change. This is because the heat energy supplied is used to overcome the forces between the molecules of the substance.

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a. The metal known as cobalt forms cobalt III oxide and cobalt II oxide when it react with oxygen.

b. The ionic charge on the metallic copper is +2

When cobalt II oxide reacts with oxygen, it results in the formation of cobalt III oxide.

The balanced chemical equation is given below.

4CoO + O₂ → 2Co2O₃

The ion on metallic is plus 2 charge, it is on this premise that the ionic charge on the metallic copper is confirmed as +2.

So therefore, when cobalt is combines with air, it forms a binary compound known as cobalt II oxide and tricobalt tetroxide.

O₂

Complete question:

a. What compounds does cobalt metal forms?

b. What is the charge on copper ion?

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The oxides of 'C' and 'N' are the two molecular compounds having the same mass i.e. CO₂ and N₂O.

To calculate the molecular weight of a molecule, individual atomic masses of various elements are added.

Given: The atomic mass of 'C' = 12u

          The atomic mass of 'N' = 14u

          The atomic mass of 'O' = 16u

∵Molecular weight of CO₂ = 12+16+16 = 44g/mol

The molecular weight of Carbon Dioxide is 44g/mol.

∵Molecular weight of N₂O = 14+14+16 = 44g/mol

The molecular weight of Nitrous Oxide is 44g/mol.

Molecular compounds having the same mass are known as Isobars. Isobaric properties are:

e.g.: Ar and Ca