Myenteric and submucosal neurons as well as immune cells in the lamina propria all have -opioid receptors in the human gut. The gastrointestinal opioid system explained.
What is the naloxone binding?The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the drug naloxone for use in treating opioid overdoses.
It can reverse and prevent the effects of other opioids including heroin, morphine, and oxycodone because it binds to opioid receptors and is an opioid antagonist.
Because it binds to opioid receptors and inhibits or reverses the actions of other opioids, naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist.
Therefore, opiate receptors in mammalian muscle are suggested.
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The electrical impulse is __________ as it passes through the av node, which permits the atria to contract __________ ventricles
The electrical impulse is delayed as it passes through the av node, which permits the atria to contract before ventricles.
What are ventricles?
A ventricle is one of two sizable chambers at the base of the heart that gather and discharge blood to the lungs and peripheral beds of the body. An atrium, a nearby chamber in the upper heart that is smaller than a ventricle, provides the blood pumped by a ventricle. Interventricular refers to structures between the ventricles, such as the interventricular septum, whereas intraventricular refers to structures inside a single ventricle (for example an intraventricular block).
The right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation, which travels to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation, which travels through the aorta, in a four-chambered heart like the one seen in humans.
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Suppose you learned that the ZPA forms after the AER, leading you to develop the hypothesis that the AER is necessary for formation of the ZPA. If you removed the AER and looked for expression of Sonic hedgehog, how would that test your hypothesis?
In the development of vertebrate limb buds, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) are important morphogen sources. FGF and SHH, two diffusible molecules, act as positive feedback regulators to keep Fgf expression in the AER and Shh expression in the ZPA.
According to a recent experimental finding, activation and repression regulatory pathways help the FGF signal govern Shh expression in a feed-forward fashion. We investigate the link between the relative positions of the AER and ZPA as well as the coupled dynamics of Shh expression in the ZPA and Fgf expression in the AER. We begin by demonstrating how the experimentally observed peak of ZPA activity might arise far from the AER using simply feed-forward regulation. Then, we make it clear that by including the AER-ZPA feedback regulation, the resilience of the ZPA spatial pattern to changes in system parameters is improved. Additionally, sensitivity analysis demonstrates that there is an ideal feedback strength at which resilience is most enhanced.
Therefore, in this way you can test your hypothesis.
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Suppose a cell's membrane potential shifts from -70mV to -50mV . What changes in the cell's permeability to K⁺ or Na⁺ could cause such a shift?
Because the passage of K+ ions tends to make the cell negative, if K+ permeability persists, the membrane potential will never reach its optimal value (the sodium equilibrium potential).
What is membrane potential?Human life is impossible without membrane potentials. Over their membrane, every live cell maintains a potential difference. Simply said, differences in the concentration and porosity of significant ions along a membrane are what cause membrane potential.
A membrane has an electrical charge as a result of the different ion concentrations across it. Action potentials are produced by changes in membrane potential, which allow cells to communicate with other parts of the body.
The action potentials are electrical signals, more specifically, and they transmit innervation messages to the central nervous system for processing as well as afferent messages out of the brain to cause a certain response or movement.
Therefore, the passage of K+ ions tends to make the cell negative, if K+ permeability persists, the membrane potential will never reach its optimal value.
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Neuroimaging studies show that patients with schizophrenia often have enlarged ________. hypothalamus hypothalamus ventricles ventricles thalamus thalamus temporal lobes temporal lobes
Neuroimaging studies show that patients with schizophrenia often have enlarged ventricles.
What is Neuroimaging?The area of medical imaging known as neuroimaging focuses on the brain. Neuroimaging researches the following in addition to determining disease status and evaluating brain health:
the brain's operation.effects of various brain functions.NCPRC employs a method of neuroimaging known as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). In contrast to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which only offers data on the brain's anatomy, MRS in our investigations enables researchers to gather biochemical information about the brain.
Similar to a radio receiver, MRS equipment may be set to pick up signals from various chemical nuclei in the brain. We examine the brain chemistry that could be related to teenage mood problems using proton and phosphorus coils.
Therefore, neuroimaging studies show that patients with schizophrenia often have enlarged ventricles.
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1. Living things have ____ an increase in size.
2. Living things have a _____
to things happening to them.
3. Living things are made of ____.
4. Living things have _____
they need and process energy.
5. Living things can ______ or make more of their type.
6. Living things can _____ changes in the environment.
to
7. Living things have ______, they control their inner chemistry and processes.
8. Living things as a species _____
over hundreds of generations.
9. Living things change as they age, this is called _____.
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when performing a single-cell recording, researchers typically carefully insert a thin electrode through the cell membrane into the interior of a neuron. group of answer choices true false
The statement when performing a single-cell recording, researchers typically carefully insert a thin electrode through the cell membrane into the interior of a neuron is false.
What is single-cell recording?The expression single-cell recording makes reference to a procedure employed in neurophysiology in order to determine any relative modification in the potential (i.e. the voltage) or intensity (i.e., electrical current) in the nerve cells or neurons.
In conclusion, the statement when performing a single-cell recording, researchers typically carefully insert a thin electrode through the cell membrane into the interior of a neuron is false.
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Which of the following best describes the source of materials used to make purines and pyrimidines?
Answer:
Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen
Explanation:
The purine and pyrimindines are nitrogenous bases which are made up of carbon and nitrogen rings arranged in different manners. We can also find other elements like oxygen and hydrogen in the structure of N-bases as well.
you are a scientist who has been sent on a special mission to study plants and animals in south asia! your destination is the city of indore in india. you need to travel to 22°n latitude and 75°e longitude. which star should you travel to?
A student adds 10 drops of a copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide solution to a test tube containing chicken broth. The solution undergoes a color change from blue to purple.
The presence of which organic molecule is indicated by the color change of the solution? A.Responses B. nucleosome C. protein D. fatty acids and glycerol E. glycogen
Correct answer is C. The presence of protein molecule is indicated by the color change of the solution
A standard solution is a liquid that contains an element or chemical in a precisely determined concentration. The solute is dissolved in the designated volume at a known mass. It is prepared using a primary standard or another material that must comply to requirements.
Qualities of solutions that depend more on the proportion of solute to solvent particles than on the characteristics of the individual particles are known as coagulative properties.
The different concentration units can be related using the number ratio. One molal is another name for a solution that has a concentration of 1 mol/kg. Molar mass must be represented in kg/mol rather than the more widely used g/mol or kg/kmol when using the unit mol/kg.
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Answer: Correct answer is C. The presence of protein molecule is indicated by the color change of the solution
A single-stranded polymer whose monomers contain the sugar ribose and the nitrogenous base uracil:_______.
RNA is a single-stranded polymer whose monomers contain the sugar ribose and the nitrogenous base uracil.
All live cells contain RNA, which is necessary for the cell to function properly. The sugar ribose and the nitrogenous base uracil are found in the monomers of RNA, a single-stranded polymer. In addition to being involved in the control of gene expression, RNA is essential for the regulation of cell growth and development.
RNA is a component of cellular nuclei and is crucial for the expression of genes. RNA is also involved in the production of proteins. RNA is a molecule of cellular nuclei and is crucial for the expression of genes. RNA is also involved in the production of proteins.
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Other observations showed that Balanus cannot survive high on the rocks because it dries out during low tides. How would Balanus's realized niche compare with its fundamental niche?
Unlike Chthamalus, its realized and fundamental niches would be comparable.
Describe the fundamental niche:The total collection of circumstances that allow an animal (population, species) to survive and reproduce itself is referred to as its fundamental niche. The settings that a given animal (population, species) really employs are known as its realized niche, taking into account interactions with the other species (predation, particularly competition).
The realized niche is the location where a species actually lives, as opposed to the fundamental niche, which is any type of environmental circumstance in which a specific species can survive.
What is a fundamental niche example?The red-winged blackbird serves as an illustration of a basic niche. Early in the spring, the marches are dominated by several bird species. The red-winged blackbirds make that area their primary habitat.
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example of a modified nucleotide
Adenine: This nucleotide is a purine consisting of a double ring, and is the building block to the molecules mentioned in the previous section.
Do you think physical evidence has increased in importance over the last several decades, with advancements in technology and testing procedures? Why or why not?
Answer:
Yes, the significance of physical evidence has grown through new tests.
Explanation:
which polymers are composed of amino acids? view available hint(s)for part a which polymers are composed of amino acids? proteins monomers carbohydrates nucleic acids
The polymers that are composed of amino acids are proteins, while nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides and carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharides.
What are proteins?Proteins can be considered biopolymers because they are composed of linear sequences of amino acids such as for example histidine, glutamic acid, arginine, etc.
In a protein, these building blocks (amino acids) are linked through peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains.
Biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates are considered biological polymers because they are composed of linked subunits in linear order, which is required to form macromolecular structures.
In conclusion, the polymers that are composed of amino acids are proteins, while nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides and carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharides.
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hich of the following pieces of physical evidence was discovered as a mark of identification during the 1800s? fingerprinting fingerprinting eye-witness ids eye-witness ids dna testing dna testing lie-detector test lie-detector test
The piece of physical evidence that was discovered as a mark of identification during the 1800s was fingerprinting.
A physical evidence can be defined as any object or proof obtained from the site of crime. The things that can act as physical objects are: any object, fingerprints, hairs, footprints, etc.
Fingerprinting is the process of identification of a person's impressions of the hand or fingers specifically. This method is highly used in forensics to find out the criminals. For this, the fingerprints obtained from the site are compared with the suspects and matched. Fingerprinting can be a reliable process as no two persons in the world can have same fingerprints.
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If you were a pharmaceutical researcher, why would you want to learn the three-dimensional shapes of naturally occurring signaling molecules?
If we were a pharmaceutical researcher, we want to learn the three-dimensional shapes of naturally occurring signaling molecules, because the molecular shape of chemicals helps us to understand the effect of the molecules on person.
Each and every molecule has their unique structure and size that are necessary for the functioning inside the living cells. And the molecule shape decides the connection as we can see in signaling molecules. If the molecule does not binds to the receptor then the signal can never be initiated.
So, that the pharmaceutical researcher discover how to change the conformation of signaling pathway that helps to treat diseases, that requires three-dimensional shapes of naturally occurring signaling molecules.
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What is the independent variable shown on this graph?
O Only flow time (s) is the independent variable.
O Only temperature ("C) is the independent variable.
Both flow time (s) and temperature ("C) are
independent variables.
The independent variable shown on this graph is option(b)i.e, Only temperature ("C).
Typically, the horizontal axis is used to indicate the independent variable. Temperature (°C) is labeled on the graph's horizontal axis, making it the independent variable. The vertical axis displays the dependent variable. It is Flow time in the graph (s). The dependent variable is determined by or explained by the independent variable, which is the input of the function or relation.
So you can see from the graph that the flow time, which is measured in seconds, depends on or is determined by the temperature, which is measured in degrees Celsius. The slope of the trend line is a measurement of the average change in the dependent variable for each unit change in the independent variable. The slope of the graph is calculated by dividing the temperature change by the flow time variation.
An independent variable's significance is a measurement of how much the network's model-predicted value varies for various values of the independent variable. Simply dividing the importance values by the largest significance values and expressing the result as a percentage is normalized importance.
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You suspect that deer are restricting the distribution of a tree species by preferentially eating the seedlings of the tree. How might you test this hypothesis?
To see if designated tree seedling plots can survive in the absence of deer, fences can be built around them. If not, one can infer that deer restrict the distribution of a tree species by favorably consuming the tree's seedlings.
Two populations of the same species or breeding groups are divided by a physical barrier, such as a mountain or a body of water. Populations may eventually diverge into different species as a result of geographic isolation due to adaptive radiation.An important ecological phenomenon that can affect population dynamics, the evolution of predators, and the reproductive success of specific plants is species predation on seeds.An experiment can be used to draw the conclusion that putting up a barrier between the deer and the seedlings will deter them from eating them.So, if the seedlings develop normally, one can draw the conclusion that deer were the main factor in the seedlings' failure to thrive.Learn more about the species distribution with the help of the given link:
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Character displacement differs from resource partitioning because character displacement ________.
Because character displacement is directly linked to the evolution of genotypes that have allowed alternate resource use.
What is resource partitioning ?Asset Apportioning alludes to the division of assets to keep away from interspecific rivalry for restricted assets in a biological system. A transformative variation assists different species with coinciding in an environmental local area.
Asset parceling concentrates on help in deciding the impact of the expansion or expulsion of an animal categories in a specific natural surroundings and the working of a biological system.
In a biological system, life forms require assets, for example, supplements and territories to develop, repeat and live. There are restricted assets present in a territory for which all organic entities contend.
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John had a brain tumor removed. now he has no vision in his left eye. the tumor was most likely located in john's _____ lobe.
Answer:
right occipital
Explanation:
How would a macrophage deficiency likely affect a person's innate and adaptive defenses?
PhagocytosisPhagocytosis of bacteria would not happen if macrophages were not there.
How do macrophages fight infections?The purpose of macrophages,which are scavenger is to consume or engulf infectious agents, including diseased cells. By releasing signals that encourages other cell types to become active in the fight against infections, macrophages also assist in the recovery form infection.
A macrophages deficiency would affect person's innate and adaptiveadaptive defenses by causing frequent infections and poor innate responses . Macrophages are attributed to protecting the host from infection and are key components of the innate immunity system.
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In the autonomic nervous system, neurotransmitter activation of its receptor terminates when the neurotransmitter is broken down by enzymes or when it diffuses away. Which other mechanism leads to termination of neurotransmitter activity?.
Other than the autonomic nervous system, active transport into surrounding cells leads to terminations of neurotransmitter activity.
The ANS is responsible for the termination of the neurotransmitter activations which are held by enzymes. The peripheral nervous system's autonomic nervous system (ANS), originally known as the vegetative nervous system (VNS), provides smooth muscle and glands, which in turn affects how internal organs work.
The autonomic nervous system is a mechanism that governs body processes including heart rate, digestion, respiration, pupillary response, urine, and sexual arousal mostly subconsciously. The fundamental mechanism in charge of the fight-or-flight response is this system. Through the brain stem, the spinal cord, and the organs, integrated reflexes control the autonomic nervous system.
Control of breathing, cardiac regulation (the cardiac control center), vasomotor activity (the vasomotor center), and other reflex acts including coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting are all examples of autonomic activities.
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Dna structure plays a role in eukaryotic gene expression by:_____.
Answer:
Dna structure plays a role in eukaryotic gene expression by following different ways:
Methylating areas known as cg islands to silence them. Additionally, it can stop signaling molecules from efficiently preventing gene expression.
A single of the 2 X chromosomes gets randomly and irreversibly immobilized in cells apart from egg cells very early in female embryogenesis. The term "X-inactivation/ lyonization" refers to this process. Because of X-inactivation, every body cell inside a female has one functioning replica of the X chromosome, just as in men.
The lysine sites throughout the N-terminal tail of the nucleosome that emerge from the core of histone are also acetylated as well as deacetylated by that of the procedure known as histone acetylation or we can also say deacetylation in order to regulate gene expression.
The condensin complex, amongst many other proteins, mediates chromosomal condensation, which is required to keep chromosomes from becoming intertwined throughout chromosome segregation.
All the above highlighted lines are the different ways which play important role in gene expression.
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safety and durability of rbx2660 (microbiota suspension) for recurrent clostridium difficile infection: results of the punch cd study
Among patients with recurrent or severe CDI, administration of RBX2660 via enema appears to be safe and effective.
What is the result of the above study ?Between 15 August 2013 and 16 December 2013, 40 patients were enrolled at 11 centres across the United States. Of those, 34 patients received at least one dose of RBX2660, and 31 finished the 6-month follow-up. Efficiency was 87.1% overall (16 with 1 dose and 11 with 2 doses). The most frequent 188 reported AEs were constipation, flatulence, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain/cramping. Over time, AEs became less frequent and more mild. Seven individuals had twenty significant adverse events (AEs), none of which were connected to the use of or administration of RBX2660.
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nitrate nitrifying bacteria increase decreases stay the same
Nitrifying bacteria convert the most reduced form of soil nitrogen, ammonia, into its most oxidized form, nitrate.
Nitrifying bacteria control the nitrification step of the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle would be stopped. The nitrites could not be converted to nitrates and the ammonia compounds would acquire. a few of the various factors, soil matrix, water popularity, aeration, temperature, and pH have a robust impact on nitrification.
Nitrifying microorganisms convert ammonia to nitrites or nitrates. Ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates are all fixed nitrogen and can be absorbed by way of vegetation. This procedure usually takes anywhere from 2-6 weeks. At temperatures under 70F, it takes even longer to cycle a tank. In the evaluation of different styles of bacteria, Nitrifying microorganisms grow slowly. If all of the nitrogen-solving microorganisms disappeared, flowers and animals wouldn't acquire the nitrogen compounds they need to perform certain features.
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Plants absorb energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy to make food. which characteristic of life does this behavior best illustrate?
Answer:
Photosynthesis
Explanation:
When plants absorb energy from the sun and convert it into energy to make food, this is called photosynthesis.
A lab group wishes to determine the volume of some zinc beads. They fill a graduated cylinder to the 42.55-mL mark with water. They carefully add the beads to the cylinder. The water level rises to 76.85 mL. What value should they report as the volume of the zinc beads?
The value the group should report as the volume of the zinc beads will be 34.30 mL
Volume of solids by sinking methodThe volume of a regular solid can be determined by allowing the solid to sink or float in a liquid in a calibrated cylinder.
The principle is such that a floating or sinking liquid will always displace its volume in any liquid.
Thus, assuming the initial level of the liquid in a cylinder is 50 mL. If the cylinder reads 70 mL after inserting the solid, the volume of the solid is calculated as the differences between the final and the initial cylinder readings.
In this case; initial reading = 42.55 mL, final reading = 76.85 mL
Volume of zinc beads = 76.85 - 42.55
= 34.30 mL
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When your first child is six months old, you hang a tire swing from a tree limb in your backyard. The bottom of the tire is six inches from the ground. When your child graduates college 22 years later, the tree is now ten feet taller than it was when you hung the tire swing. Neglecting soil erosion and any increased thickness of the limb, how far from the ground is the bottom of the tire?.
(a) Six inches, approximately is how far from the ground is the bottom of the tire neglecting soil erosion and any increased thickness of the limb even if your child graduates college 22 years later and the tree is now ten feet taller than it was when you hung the tire swing.
It has the same distance since tress grow from the top. Trees develop in the opposite direction—from the top. Meristems are patches formed by specialized cells at the tips of each tree shoot, including the main leader. These meristems are the places where a tree increases its height and lengthens its limbs. The meristems would be eliminated if a tree were chopped like grass, preventing the tree from becoming higher or longer.
However, as trees grow from their distal ends, the branches that emerge from the trunk can never grow higher. A branch that grows 3 meters from the ground today will remain there the next year.
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Question correction:
When your first child is six months old, you hang a tire swing from a tree limb in your backyard. The bottom of the tire is six inches from the ground. When your child graduates college 22 years later, the tree is now ten feet taller than it was when you hung the tire swing.
a. six inches, approximately
b. ten feet, six inches
c. somewhere in between A and B
Which organ system regulates blood volume by altering the amount of fluid released in urine?
The organ system regulates blood volume by altering the amount of fluid released is urinary system.
What is the urinary system?
The kidneys discharge fluid waste in the form of urine, which is produced, stored, and eliminated by the urinary system, also known as the renal system. By filtering toxins and excess water from blood, the kidneys produce urine. The bladder is filled with urine after it travels from the kidneys through two tiny tubes known as ureters. A person urinates through the urethra to expel waste when the bladder is full.
The urinary system is prone to a wide range of infections as well as other issues, such as obstructions and injury. A urologist or another medical professional with expertise in the renal system can treat them.
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What organelle modifies polypeptides so they can fold into fully functional proteins?
The organelle that is able to modify polypeptides so they can fold into fully functional proteins is called the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is an organelle that forms part of the endomembrane systems which serve to process and transport lipids and proteins to their final destination inside the cell or outside the cell.
In conclusion, the organelle that is able to modify polypeptides so they can fold into fully functional proteins is called the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).
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