The dissociation of sodium chloride in water allows it to act as an electrolyte, conducting electricity through the movement of ions.
The bonding between sodium and chlorine is classified as ionic bonding. In this type of bonding, electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions. Sodium (Na) readily donates one electron from its outermost shell to achieve a stable electron configuration, while chlorine (Cl) accepts this electron to fill its outermost shell. As a result, sodium forms a positively charged ion (Na+), known as a cation, while chlorine forms a negatively charged ion (Cl-), known as an anion. The electrostatic attraction between these oppositely charged ions creates a strong bond between sodium and chlorine, forming sodium chloride (NaCl) as the resulting compound.
When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, the compound dissociates into separate sodium cations and chloride anions. Water molecules, which have a polar nature, surround the individual ions due to their attraction to opposite charges. This process is called hydration or solvation. The water molecules effectively separate the sodium and chloride ions, leading to the compound's dissolution. This is because water molecules have a higher affinity for the charged ions compared to the ionic bond holding the compound together.
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where do earthquakes most likely occur?
calculate the pH of the solution obtained if 40cm^3 of 0.2M HCl was added to 30cm^3 of 0.1M NaOH
To calculate the pH of the solution obtained by mixing HCl and NaOH, we need to consider the neutralization reaction between the two compounds. The reaction between HCl (hydrochloric acid) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide) produces water (H₂O) and forms a salt (NaCl).
Given:
Volume of HCl solution (V₁) = 40 cm³
Concentration of HCl solution (C₁) = 0.2 M
Volume of NaOH solution (V₂) = 30 cm³
Concentration of NaOH solution (C₂) = 0.1 M
1. Determine the moles of HCl and NaOH used:
Moles of HCl = Concentration (C₁) × Volume (V₁)
Moles of HCl = 0.2 M × 0.04 L (converting cm³ to L)
Moles of HCl = 0.008 mol
Moles of NaOH = Concentration (C₂) × Volume (V₂)
Moles of NaOH = 0.1 M × 0.03 L (converting cm³ to L)
Moles of NaOH = 0.003 mol
2. Determine the limiting reagent:
The stoichiometry of the reaction between HCl and NaOH is 1:1, meaning that they react in a 1:1 ratio. Whichever reactant is present in a smaller amount will be the limiting reagent.
In this case, NaOH is present in a smaller amount (0.003 mol), which means it will be fully consumed during the reaction.
3. Determine the excess reagent and its remaining moles:
Since NaOH is the limiting reagent, we need to find the remaining moles of HCl.
Moles of HCl remaining = Moles of HCl initially - Moles of NaOH reacted
Moles of HCl remaining = 0.008 mol - 0.003 mol
Moles of HCl remaining = 0.005 mol
4. Calculate the concentration of HCl in the resulting solution:
Volume of resulting solution = Volume of HCl solution + Volume of NaOH solution
Volume of resulting solution = 0.04 L + 0.03 L
Volume of resulting solution = 0.07 L
Concentration of HCl in the resulting solution = Moles of HCl remaining / Volume of resulting solution
Concentration of HCl in the resulting solution = 0.005 mol / 0.07 L
Concentration of HCl in the resulting solution ≈ 0.071 M
5. Calculate the pH of the resulting solution:
pH = -log[H⁺]
pH = -log(0.071)
Using logarithm properties, we can determine the pH value:
pH ≈ -log(0.071)
pH ≈ -(-1.147)
pH ≈ 1.147
Therefore, the pH of the solution obtained by mixing 40 cm³ of 0.2 M HCl and 30 cm³ of 0.1 M NaOH is approximately 1.147.
some1 please help me with this problem
for reference: it’s speaking about 3H2 + N2 -> 2NH3 (ammonia)
Theoretically, if 20 grams of hydrogen reacts then 112.5 grams of ammonia is produced.
The balanced chemical equation can be given as:
N₂+3H₂→ 2NH₃
From stoichiometry, 2 mol of NH₃is produced from 3 mol of H₂
5 mol of NH₃ will be produced from = 3/2×5 = 7.5 mol of H₂
∴mass of H₂=7.5×2= 15gm of H₂.
Excess reagents are those reactants in a chemical reaction that are not exhausted at the end of the reaction. A completely exhausted or reacted reagent is called a limiting reagent because its amount limits the number of products formed. In this reaction, the excess reagent is Nitrogen as 35 grams of nitrogen and 15 grams of hydrogen react to produce 34 grams of ammonia.
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Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs in the reaction between amonia and hydrofluoric acid in aqueous solution
NH3 (aq) + HF (aq) = NH4+ (aq) + F- (aq)
The conjugate acid-base pairs in the reaction between ammonia and hydrofluoric acid in aqueous solution are NH3/NH4+ and HF/F-.
In the reaction between ammonia (NH3) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) in aqueous solution, the following conjugate acid-base pairs can be identified:
NH3 (ammonia) and NH4+ (ammonium ion):
Ammonia (NH3) acts as a base by accepting a proton (H+) from hydrofluoric acid (HF) to form the ammonium ion (NH4+). In this reaction, ammonia acts as a Lewis base by donating an electron pair to the proton, resulting in the formation of the ammonium ion as the conjugate acid.
HF (hydrofluoric acid) and F- (fluoride ion):
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) acts as an acid by donating a proton (H+) to ammonia (NH3) to form the fluoride ion (F-).
In this reaction, hydrofluoric acid acts as a Lewis acid by accepting an electron pair from ammonia, resulting in the formation of the fluoride ion as the conjugate base.
To summarize, in the reaction NH3 (aq) + HF (aq) = NH4+ (aq) + F- (aq), the conjugate acid-base pairs are NH3/NH4+ and HF/F-. Ammonia (NH3) is the base that forms its conjugate acid, the ammonium ion (NH4+), while hydrofluoric acid (HF) is the acid that forms its conjugate base, the fluoride ion (F-).
It is important to note that in an aqueous solution, ammonia is present as NH3 molecules, and hydrofluoric acid dissociates into H+ and F- ions. The resulting ammonium ion (NH4+) and fluoride ion (F-) remain in the solution.
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Determine the grams of potassium chloride produced when 505 grams of potassium
phosphate react with 222 grams of HCI. Refer to the balanced equation below.
K3PO4 (aq) + 3HCI (aq) --> 3KCI (1) + H3PO4 (aq) (balanced)
Answer: 505 grams K3PO4 x (3 x 222 grams HCI)/ (3 x K3PO4) = 555.5 grams KCl
Explanation:
If a chemical reaction consumes reactants at a steady rate of 1.64 x 1021 molecules per second, how long will it take for the reaction to consume 6.02 x 1023 molecules of reactant? Express your answer in seconds using the correct number of significant figures. Do not enter your answer using scientific notation.
The amount of time it will take for the reaction to consume 6.02 x 10²³ molecules of reactant is 3.67 × 10² seconds.
How to calculate molecules?The amount of time it will take for a molecule to react can be calculated by dividing the number of molecules in the substance by the rate of time as follows;
Time taken = no of molecules ÷ no of molecules/seconds
According to this question, if a chemical reaction consumes reactants at a steady rate of 1.64 x 10²¹ molecules per second, the amount of time it will take for the reaction to consume 6.02 x 10²³ molecules of reactant is as follows!
Time = 6.02 x 10²³ molecules ÷ 1.64 x 10²¹ molecules per second
Time = 3.67 × 10² seconds
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Describe two ways in which sodium chloride is different from sodium
Answer:
Sodium (Na) is a highly reactive metal, while sodium chloride (NaCl) is a compound formed by the combination of sodium and chlorine (Cl). Sodium exists as a pure element, whereas sodium chloride is a stable, crystalline compound.
Sodium is a soft, silvery-white metal that is highly reactive and can easily react with water or air. In contrast, sodium chloride is a white crystalline solid that is highly stable and does not react readily with water or air. Sodium chloride is commonly known as table salt and is widely used as a seasoning and food preservative.
which stament is true about endothermic and exothermic reactions? 1. Energy is absorbed 2. energy is released in an endothermic reaction. 3. the products have more potential energy than the reactants in an exothermic reaction. 4. the products have more potential energy than the reactant in an endothermic reaction.
The Statement 3 (the products have more potential energy than the reactants in an exothermic reaction) is partially correct because the products do have lower potential energy than the reactants in an exothermic reaction.
The correct statement regarding endothermic and exothermic reactions is:
Energy is absorbed in an endothermic reaction.
In an endothermic reaction, energy is taken in from the surroundings, usually in the form of heat. The reactants have a lower energy level than the products, so energy must be absorbed to reach the higher energy state of the products. This energy absorption causes a decrease in the temperature of the surroundings, making the reaction feel cold.
On the other hand, in an exothermic reaction, energy is released. The reactants have a higher energy level than the products, so energy is released during the reaction, usually in the form of heat. This energy release causes an increase in the temperature of the surroundings, making the reaction feel warm or hot.
Therefore, statement 2 (energy is released in an endothermic reaction) and statement 4 (the products have more potential energy than the reactant in an endothermic reaction) are incorrect.
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An atom has 17 protons and 17 electrons.The atoms charge is
An atom has 17 protons and 17 electrons. The atom's charge is neutral. The positive charge of the 17 protons in this atom is balanced by the negative charge of the 17 electrons.
The ratio of an atom's protons, which have a positive charge, to its electrons, which have a negative charge, determines the charge of the atom. The quantity of protons in an electrically neutral atom is equal to the quantity of electrons.
The positive charge of the 17 protons in this atom is balanced by the negative charge of the 17 electrons, since there are 17 protons and 17 electrons in it. Consequently, the atom is electrically neutral or has a net charge of zero.
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The ages of rocks that contain fossils can be determined using the isotope 87Rb. This isotope of rubidium undergoes beta decay with a half‑life of 4.75×1010y. Ancient samples contain a ratio of 87Sr to Rb87 of 0.0205. Given that 87Sr is a stable product of the beta decay of 87Rb, and assuming there was originally no 87Sr present in the rocks, calculate the age of the rock sample. Assume that the decay rate is constant over the relatively short lifetime of the rock compared to the half-life of 87Rb.
The calculate the age of the rock sample values, the age of the rock sample can be determined.
we can use the concept of radioactive decay and the ratio of 87Sr to 87Rb. Since 87Sr is a stable product of the beta decay of 87Rb, the increase in the ratio of 87Sr to 87Rb over time reflects the decay of 87Rb.
The ratio of 87Sr to 87Rb in ancient samples is given as 0.0205. This means that for every 0.0205 moles of 87Rb, there is one mole of 87Sr.
Since the half-life of 87Rb is 4.75×10^10 years, after each half-life, half of the 87Rb would have decayed into 87Sr. Therefore, the ratio of 87Sr to 87Rb increases by a factor of 2.
To determine the age of the rock sample, we can calculate the number of half-lives that have occurred based on the change in the ratio. The ratio of 0.0205 corresponds to 1 half-life, 0.041 corresponds to 2 half-lives, 0.082 corresponds to 3 half-lives, and so on.
By taking the logarithm of the ratio change and dividing it by the logarithm of 2 (since the ratio doubles with each half-life), we can find the number of half-lives.
Using this information, the age of the rock sample can be calculated as follows:
Age (in years) = number of half-lives × half-life of 87Rb
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How many moles of H2O are found in a sample containing 7.1 * 10 (19) molecules
The sample containing 7.1 × 10^19 molecules of H2O corresponds to approximately 1.18 × 10^(-4) moles of H2O.
To determine the number of moles of H2O in a sample containing 7.1 × 10^19 molecules, we need to use Avogadro's number, which states that 1 mole of any substance contains 6.022 × 10^23 molecules.
Given that there are 7.1 × 10^19 molecules of H2O in the sample, we can calculate the number of moles using the following formula:
Moles = Number of molecules / Avogadro's number
Moles = 7.1 × 10^19 / 6.022 × 10^23
Moles ≈ 1.18 × 10^(-4) moles
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100 POINTS AND BRAINLIST!
Question
Why does the sun appear so much larger and brighter than the other stars that are seen from Earth?
Responses
The sun is much larger than other stars. [A]
The sun appears only during the daytime. [B]
The sun is closer to Earth than other stars. [C]
The sun burns more brightly than other stars. [D]
Answer:
C. The sun is closer to Earth than other stars.
Explanation:
Why is this?The sun appears larger and brighter than other stars because it is much closer to Earth. The sun is the closest star to Earth, at a distance of about 93 million miles. Other stars are much farther away, so they appear smaller and less bright in the sky.
i need help with this, ive been trying to figure it out but i don’t understand. please number them 1-5 for the answers.
The solubility of the salts is affected by the temperature changes. 1. NaCl is least affected by temperature. 2. supersaturated. 3. 60 grams KBr. 4. Ethanol has both polar and non-polar groups. 5. Mixing and shaking.
A KBr solution with 90 gm solute in 100 grams of water at 50 degrees is classified as supersaturated. 60 grams of KBr are needed to make a saturated solution in 100 gm of water at 30 degrees.
Ethanol is a general solvent due to the presence of both the polar and the non-Polar groups. As a result, it is easier to dissolve both polar molecules and non-Polar molecules. The dissolving rate can be increased by mixing or shaking the solution. Also, the sugar dissolves faster in hot than cold tea.
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convert 7.54 x 10^-8 m to nanometers
7.54 *[tex]10^8[/tex] meters is 75.4 nanometers.
To convert 7.54 * [tex]10^8[/tex] meters to nanometers, you can multiply the value by [tex]10^9[/tex]
as, [tex]10^9[/tex]nanometers = 1 meter.
7.54 * [tex]10^8[/tex] m * [tex]10^9[/tex] = 7.54 x [tex]10^1[/tex] nm
Therefore, 7.54 *[tex]10^8[/tex] meters is equal to 75.4 nanometers.
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To convert 7.54 x 10^-8 meters to nanometers, you multiply 7.54 x 10^-8 by 1 x 10^9 to get 75.4 nanometers.
Explanation:To convert meters to nanometers, you need to know that 1 meter is equivalent to 1 x 109 nanometers. Therefore, if you were to convert 7.54 x 10-8 m to nanometers, you would multiply 7.54 x 10-8 by 1 x 109.
Here's how you'd do it: 7.54 x 10-8 m * 1 x 109 nm/m = 75.4 nm. So, 7.54 x 10-8 meters is equivalent to 75.4 nanometers.
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What is the freezing point, in °C, of
a 0.66 m solution of C4H10 in
benzene?
FP (benzene) = 5.50 °C
K; (benzene) = 5.12 °C/m
[?] °C
The freezing point of a 0.66 m solution of [tex]C_4H_{10[/tex] in benzene is approximately 2.1208 °C.
To calculate the freezing point of a solution we can use the below formula
ΔT = K * m
where ΔTthe change in freezing point, K is the cryoscopic constant, and m is the molality of the solution.
Given:
Freezing point of benzene = 5.50 °C
Cryoscopic constant of benzene = 5.12 °C/m
Molality of the solution= 0.66 m
Substituting the values into the formula:
ΔT = 5.12 °C/m * 0.66 m
Calculating the value:
ΔT = 3.3792 °C
We have to subtract the calculated change in freezing point from the freezing point of pure benzene to find the freezing point of the solution
The freezing point of solution = Freezing point (benzene) - ΔT
Freezing point of solution = 5.50 °C - 3.3792 °C
Calculating the value:
Freezing point of solution = 2.1208 °C
Therefore, the freezing point of a 0.66 m solution of [tex]C_4H_{10[/tex] in benzene is approximately 2.1208 °C.
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ASAP PLEASE!!!B. Complete the drawing for the sample reaction below to show the law of conservation of
mass, when XY is produced.
+
->
The complete reaction, according to the law of conservation of mass is:
XX + YY → 2XY
The Law of Conservation is a fundamental principle in chemistry and physics. It states that in a closed system, mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction or a physical change. The total mass of the substances involved before the reaction or change must equal the total mass of the substances after the reaction or change.
This principle is based on the understanding that atoms are not created or destroyed, but they can combine or separate to form different substances.
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I need help in this:(
Answer:
Phosphorus(P) and Oxygen(O)=Covalent bond
Chlorine(Cl) and Sodium(Na) = Ionic bond
Silver (Ag) and Silver (Ag)= Metallic bond
I need help with question 5
Need help with this 2 part question
The limiting reagent is chlorine and the correct option is option 2.
In a chemical reaction, the limiting reagent is the reactant that determines the quantity of the products that are produced. Limiting reagents are defined as the substances which are entirely consumed in the completion of a chemical reaction and so a limiting reagent limits the formation of products and determines the amount of products obtained in the reaction.
The limiting reagent can be identified from the number of moles in the reaction, the one that is having the lesser number of moles acts as a limiting reagent in the reaction.
Given,
Moles of hydrogen = 5.3 moles
Moles of chlorine = 4.8 moles
Limiting reagent is the one that has lesser number of moles and thus chlorine is the limiting reagent in this reaction.
Thus, the ideal selection is option 2.
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Cr3+3e=Cr is that a reduction or oxidation
The chromium ions with a +3 oxidation state are reduced to chromium atoms with an oxidation state of 0.The reduction of Cr^3+ to Cr in this chemical equation is an example of a reduction reaction.
The chemical equation Cr^3+ + 3e^- = Cr represents the reduction of chromium ions (Cr^3+) to elemental chromium (Cr). In this reaction, the chromium ions gain three electrons to form neutral chromium atoms. Reduction reactions involve the gain of electrons and a decrease in the oxidation state of an element.
During the reduction process, the chromium ions are undergoing a change in their electronic configuration, gaining three electrons to achieve a stable configuration. This reduction reaction typically occurs in the presence of a reducing agent that donates electrons, allowing the chromium ions to be reduced. By gaining three electrons, the chromium ions are reduced to their elemental form, which has a neutral charge and an oxidation state of 0.
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What mass (g) of CaCl2 are needed to make 1L of a 3M CaCl2 solution?
87.5g
100.52g
332.94g
9g
The mass of CaCl₂ required to make a 1L solution of 3M CaCl₂ is equal to 332.94 g, hence option C is correct.
To find the mass of CaCl₂ required to make a 3M solution, it considers the molar mass of CaCl2 and the desired concentration.
The molar mass of CaCl₂ can be observed as follows:
Molar mass (CaCl₂) = (molar mass of Ca) + 2 × (molar mass of Cl)
= (40.08 g/mol) + 2 × (35.45 g/mol)
= 40.08 g/mol + 2 × 35.45 g/mol
= 40.08 g/mol + 70.90 g/mol
= 110.98 g/mol
Now, by using the formula for molarity to find the mass of CaCl₂ required:
Molarity (M) = (moles of solute) / (volume of solution in liters)
Arrange the formula to solve for moles of solute:
(moles of solute) = (Molarity) × (volume of solution in liters)
It is required to make a 1L solution of 3M CaCl₂:
(moles of CaCl2) = (3 mol/L) × (1 L)
= 3 mol
Finally, find the mass of CaCl₂ using the moles and molar mass:
(mass of CaCl2) = (moles of CaCl₂ × (molar mass of CaCl₂)
= 3 mol × 110.98 g/mol
= 332.94 g
Thus, the mass of CaCl2 required to make a 1L solution of 3M CaCl₂ is 332.94 g.
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Number 4 please please pleaseeee
If it travells at 330m/s, and it has to travel 5100m just
5100 ÷ 330
because time = distance ÷ speed
= 15.45 s
Answer:
15.4545455 seconds
Explanation:
(5100 m) / (330 (m / s))
5100/330 = 15.4545455 seconds
someone help ASAP!!
What are possible components of ionic compounds? Check all that apply.
1: a metal and a nonmetal
2: 2 metals
3: a metal and a polyatomic anion
4: a polyatomic cation and a metal
What happens to ions during bonding to form an ionic compound?
Cations accept electrons and anions give away electrons.
Anions and cations share electrons.
Cations give away electrons and anions accept those electrons.
Answer:
Question 1:
1: a metal and a nonmetal
3: a metal and a polyatomic anion
4: a polyatomic cation and a metal
Question 2:
Cations give away electrons and anions accept those electrons
A gas occupies a volume of 2.99-L at 28.10oC and 4.71-atm. What is the volume of the gas at conditions of STP?
The volume of the gas at standard temperature and pressure conditions is approximately 12.77 liters.
What is the final volume of the gas?To find the volume of the gas at STP, we can use the combined gas law:
[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
Note that: at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) is defined as a temperature of 0°C (273.15 K) and a pressure of 1 atm.
Given that:
P₁ = initial pressure = 4.71 atm
V₁ = initial volume = 2.99 L
T₁ = initial temperature = 28.10 °C = ( 28.10 + 273.15 ) = 301.25 K
P₂ = final pressure (STP pressure ) = 1 atm
T₂ = final temperature (STP temperature) = 0°C = 273.15 K
V₂ = final volume = ?
Substituting the given values into the formula:
[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}\\\\\frac{4.71\ *\ 2.99 }{301.25} = \frac{1\ *\ V_2}{273.15 }\\\\V_2 = 12.77\ L[/tex]
Therefore, the final volume is 12.77 litres.
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convert 5 moles of water to grams of water
convert 220 J of energy to calories
The 5 moles of water is equal to 90.075 grams of water and 220 J of energy is equal to 52.636 calories.
To change moles of water to grams, it is required to find the molar mass of the substance. The molar mass of water (H2O) is equal to 18.015 grams/mol.
To change 5 moles of water to grams, by using the following calculation:
5 moles × 18.015 grams/mol = 90.075 grams of water
Thus, 5 moles of water is equal to 90.075 grams of water.
To change joules to calories, by using the conversion factor:
1 cal = 4.184 J.
To change 220 J of energy to calories, by using the following calculation:
220 J × (1 cal / 4.184 J) = 52.636 cal
Thus, 220 J of energy is equal to 52.636 calories.
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What is the structure of an atom.
Answer:
An atom contains three basic particles namely protons, neutrons and electrons. The nucleus of the atom contains protons and neutrons where protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral. The electrons are located at the outermost regions called the electron shell.
Calculate the pH of a 0.005 M NaOH (PLS)
To calculate the pH of a solution of NaOH (sodium hydroxide), we need to consider that NaOH is a strong base that dissociates completely in water, producing hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
Given:
Concentration of NaOH = 0.005 M
Since NaOH dissociates into one hydroxide ion (OH⁻) per molecule, we can determine the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution, which will allow us to calculate the pOH. Then, we can convert the pOH to pH using the relationship: pH + pOH = 14.
1. Calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻):
The concentration of OH⁻ ions will be the same as the concentration of NaOH since NaOH dissociates completely.
Concentration of OH⁻ = 0.005 M
2. Calculate the pOH:
pOH = -log[OH⁻]
pOH = -log(0.005)
Using logarithm properties, we can determine the pOH value:
pOH = -log(0.005)
pOH = -(-2.301)
pOH = 2.301
3. Calculate the pH:
pH = 14 - pOH
pH = 14 - 2.301
pH ≈ 11.699
Therefore, the pH of a 0.005 M NaOH solution is approximately 11.699.
The pH of a 0.005 M concentration of NaOH ( sodium hydroxide ) solution is approximately 11.70.
What is the pH of the sodium hydroxide?The pH of a solution is defined as the logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] of the given solution.
From the formula;
pH = -log[ H⁺ ]
pOH = -log[ OH⁻ ]
pH + pOH = 14
Given that; the concentration of solution (molarity) ( OH⁻ ) is 0.005 M.
First, we determine the pOH.
pOH = -log[ OH⁻ ]
Plug in ( OH⁻ ) = 0.005
pOH = -log[ 0.005 ]
pOH = 2.30
Now, plug pOH = 2.30 into the above formula and solve for the pH:
pH + pOH = 14
pH + 2.30 = 14
Subtract 2.30 from both sides:
pH + 2.30 - 2.30 = 14 - 2.30
pH = 14 - 2.30
pH = 11.7
Therefore, the pH of the solution is 11.7.
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Please help me ASAP!!50 points!!
1. An excess of sodium hydroxide was added to 30 ml of water. As a result, 200 ml of ammonia was released. Calculate the concentration of ammonium ions in water (mg/I)
2. An excess of sodium carbonate was added to a 20 ml sample of drinking water.
As a result, 20 mg of barium carbonate precipitate was formed. Determine the mass of barium (mg) in 1 ml of drinking water.
1.To calculate the concentration of ammonium ions in water, we need to determine the number of moles of ammonium ions and then convert it to milligrams per liter (mg/L).
Given:
Volume of water = 30 ml
Volume of ammonia released = 200 ml
First, we need to convert the volume of ammonia released to the volume of water. Since the ammonia was released from the reaction with sodium hydroxide, the volume of ammonia released is equivalent to the volume of water used. Therefore, the volume of water used is 200 ml.
Next, we'll calculate the number of moles of ammonium ions:
Molar volume of water = 18.015 g/mol
Volume of water used = 200 ml = 0.2 L
The molar ratio between sodium hydroxide and ammonium ions is 1:1. Therefore, the number of moles of ammonium ions is equal to the number of moles of sodium hydroxide used.
Now, let's calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide used:
Molar mass of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) = 22.99 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol + 1.01 g/mol = 39.99 g/mol
The concentration of sodium hydroxide in water is not provided. If you have the concentration of sodium hydroxide, we can use it to determine the number of moles of sodium hydroxide used. Without that information, we cannot calculate the number of moles of ammonium ions and, subsequently, the concentration of ammonium ions in water.
2. To determine the mass of barium in 1 ml of drinking water, we'll use the information given:
Volume of drinking water = 20 ml
Mass of barium carbonate precipitate formed = 20 mg
We need to calculate the mass of barium in the precipitate and then convert it to milligrams per milliliter (mg/ml).
The molar mass of barium carbonate (BaCO₃) is:
Molar mass of barium (Ba) = 137.33 g/mol
Molar mass of carbonate (CO₃) = 12.01 g/mol + (3 × 16.00 g/mol) = 60.01 g/mol
Molar mass of barium carbonate (BaCO₃) = 137.33 g/mol + 60.01 g/mol = 197.34 g/mol
The molar ratio between barium carbonate and barium is 1:1. Therefore, the number of moles of barium in the precipitate is equal to the number of moles of barium carbonate formed.
Now, let's calculate the number of moles of barium carbonate:
Mass of barium carbonate precipitate formed = 20 mg = 0.020 g
Number of moles of barium carbonate = Mass of barium carbonate / Molar mass of barium carbonate
= 0.020 g / 197.34 g/mol
Finally, we'll calculate the mass of barium in 1 ml of drinking water:
Volume of drinking water = 20 ml
Mass of barium in 1 ml of drinking water = (Number of moles of barium carbonate / Volume of drinking water) × Molar mass of barium
= (0.020 g / 197.34 g/mol) / 20 ml × 137.33 g/mol
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__Fe+__Pb(No3)3+__Pb
If 30.0 g of iron react with 258 g lead (Il) nitrate and 67.8 grams of lead form, what is the percent yield?
When 30.0 g of iron reacts with 258 g lead (Il) nitrate and 67.8 grams of lead form, then the percentage yield is 40.62%.
Given information,
Mass of iron = 30g
Mass of Lead (III) nitrate = 258g
Mass of lead = 67.8g
The balanced equation for the reaction is:
2 Fe + 3 Pb(NO₃)₂ → 3 Pb + 2 Fe(NO₃)₃
The stoichiometric ratio between iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) is 2:3.
The moles of Fe:
Moles of Fe = mass of Fe / molar mass of Fe
Moles of Fe = 30.0/ 55.845
Moles of Pb = (3/2) × moles of Fe
The theoretical yield of Pb:
Mass of Pb (theoretical) = moles of Pb × molar mass of Pb
Mass of Pb (theoretical) = (3/2) × moles of Fe × molar mass of Pb
The percent yield:
Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100
Actual yield = 67.8 g
Theoretical yield = (3/2) × (30/55.845) × 207.2 = 166.95
Percent yield = 67.8/166.9 × 100 = 40.62%
Thus, the percentage yield is 40.62%.
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Need help with this two part question
The ideal gas law and stoichiometry must be used to calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced by the breakdown of 4.09 g of calcium carbonate at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure).
Use the molar mass of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to determine how many moles it contains. CaCO3 has a molar mass of 100.09 g/mol.
CaCO3 mass divided by its molar mass equals the number of moles of CaCO3: 4.09 g/100.09 g/mol.
The number of moles of carbon dioxide (CO2) generated may be calculated using the stoichiometric ratio from the balancing equation. By using the equation:
A unit of CaCO3 and CO2 is produced.
CO2 moles equal the same number of moles of CaCO3.
Use the ideal gas law to translate the volume of carbon dioxide into moles.
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