Answer:
Explanation:
In Pre-AP Chemistry, the development of models to explain their macroscopic observations is a primary means through which students develop an understanding of the molecular world.
You will be forced to think and apply concepts to new situations, and even derive your own theories from application. This is excellent preparation for the higher levels of thinking required in college.
Chemistry, the science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of substances (defined as elements and compounds), the transformations they undergo, and the energy that is released or absorbed during these processes.
Please answer these. The tables needed for question 7 are in the picture. I got rid of some of the questions that you wouldn’t be able to answer without doing the lesson
Question 1: Electron Notation Example (2 points)
a. Give the electron configuration of vanadium (V), atomic number 23. (0.5 points)
b. Give the noble gas configuration of vanadium (V), atomic number 23. (0.5 points)
c. List the energy levels for the orbital configuration of vanadium (V), atomic number 23. (1 point)
Question 3: Trends on the Periodic Table (2 points)
a. How does the atomic radius change going down and across the periodic table? (0.5 points)
b. How does first ionization energy change going down and across the periodic table? (0.5 points)
c. How does electronegativity change going down and across the periodic table? (0.5 points)
d. How does the radius of a positive and negative ion compare to a neutral atom? (0.5 points)
Question 4: Chemical Bonds (1 point)
Match each chemical bond to its correct description. (1 point)
A. Ionic bond ___ Sharing of electrons
B. Covalent bond ___ Freely moving electrons
C. Metallic bond ___ Transfer of electrons
Question 5: Intermolecular Forces (3 points)
a. Describe the dipole-dipole force. (1 point)
b. Describe hydrogen bonding. (1 point)
c. Describe the Van der Waals forces. (1 point)
Question 6: Intermolecular Forces and You (2 points)
Imagine you need to take a medicine that the doctor has prescribed for you. Explain why scientists who developed that medicine would need to know whether or not the compound in that medicine is polar. How might a polar medicine behave differently within your body than a nonpolar medicine would? Answer in 1 to 2 paragraphs.
Question 7: Energy in Bonds (9 points)
Use these tables for reference for all parts of this question.
This table summarizes the average energies of single bonds between atom pairs in many different compounds.
a. According to Table 2, which is the strongest bond? Which is the weakest bond? Based on what you know about the atomic radii and electronegativity of the elements involved in the bonds, why do you think these two have the most extreme bond-energy values? (3 points)
b. How are the bond energies of each bond listed in Table 2 determined? (1 point)
c. Why do you think there aren't bond energy values given in Table 2 for N–S and S–I? (1 point)
d. Based on Tables 1 and 2, how would you describe the trend in bond strength of single, double, and triple bonds? (1 point)
e. Based on Table 2, how would you describe the trend in the strength of bonds formed by the elements carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen? Would you describe this trend as a periodic trend? Why or why not? (3 points)
Question 8: Causes of Molecular Shape (3 points)
a. What is the VSEPR theory? (1 point)
b. How does electron repulsion determine molecular shape? (1 point)
c. How do lone electron pairs affect molecular shape? (1 point)
Question 10: Lewis Structure (3 points)
a. Draw the Lewis structure for the Se and 2 H atoms. (1 point)
b. Draw the Lewis structure for the SeH2 molecule. (1 point)
c. What shape would SeH2 have? Draw the molecule. (1 point)
Question 11: Ionic and Covalent Compounds (5 points)
Identify each of the following as a covalent compound or ionic compound. Then provide either the formula for compounds identified by name or the name for those identified by formula. (1 point each)
a. Li2O:
b. Dinitrogen trioxide:
c. PCl3:
d. Manganese(III) oxide:
e. Calcium bromide:
Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. Therefore, the electronic configuration of vanadium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d³.
What is element?Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.
The systematic distribution of electrons in the various atomic orbitals is called its electronic configuration. The atomic number of vanadium is 23. The electronic configuration of vanadium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d³. The noble gas electronic configuration of vanadium is [Ar]3d³4s². 1,2,3 represents the number of shells and s and represents the orbitals. The superscripts represents the number of electrons in each orbitals.
Therefore, the electronic configuration of vanadium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d³.
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How many total electrons does Fluorine have?
Answer:
nine electrons
Explanation:
Answer:
There are 9 total electrons. There is always the same number of protons and neutrons so the charge in the atom balances out. The atomic number is the number of protons, and electrons.
Explanation:
Predict the precipitate that will be formed in the following reaction:
NaF(aq) + AgNO3(aq) →
The precipitate that will be formed : AgF
Further explanationOne indication of the double displacement reaction is the precipitation reaction
Solubility Rules:
• 1. soluble compound
All compounds of Li +, Na +, K +, Rb +, Cs +, and NH4 +
All compounds of NO₃⁻ and C₂H₃O₂⁻
Compounds of Cl−, Br−, I− except Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺
Compounds of SO₄²⁻ except for Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺
• 2. insoluble compounds
Compounds of CO₃²⁻ and PO₄³⁻ except for Compounds of Li +, Na +, K +, Rb +, Cs +, and NH₄ +
Compounds of OH− except Compounds of Li +, Na +, K +, Rb +, Cs +, NH₄⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ba²⁺
Reaction
NaF(aq) + AgNO₃(aq) →NaNO₃(aq)+ AgF(s)
From the solubility rules above, it has been shown that the salts of the Ag⁺ cations are insoluble salts
Provide your answer in the following format: [element name], [chemical family]
Answer: Bismuth (Bi) , Nitrogen family
Explanation:
As the element has 5 valence electrons in the sixth energy level, which mens it belongs to 6th period as the valence electron has entered the 6th energy level.
Now as the electrons are filled according to afbau's rule , the electronic configuration of the element will be :
[tex][Xe]4f^{14}5d^{10}6s^26p^3[/tex]
Now as the atomic number of element is equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom , the atomic number is 83 and the element is Bismuth (Bi). As the last electron enters p -subshell , it is a p block element. It lies in group 15 which is nitrogen family.
Most of the elements on the Periodic Table are metals.
True
False
Answer:
the answer is true
Explanation:
I hope so it is helpful to u
How many moles of water are produced when 5 moles of hydrogen gas react with 2 moles of oxygen gas?
Balanced equation: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O (5 points)
a. 2 moles of water
b. 4 moles of water
c. 5 moles of water
d. 7 moles of water
Answer:
It is b
Explanation: I did it on the test and got it right
The moles of water are produced when 5 moles of hydrogen gas react with 2 moles of oxygen gas - b. 4 moles of water
The stoichiometric coefficients can be considered in a balanced equation as moles of reactants needed or moles of products formed in the reaction.
In the given case, the balanced chemical equation for this synthesis reaction looks like this2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
from the balanced equation, it is clear that the 2 moles of hydrogen gas and 1 mole of oxygen gas are required to produce 2 moles of water. so it means that the reaction produces twice as many moles of water as you have moles of oxygen gas that take part in the reaction and the same moles as hydrogen atoms present.Here it is given that there are only 2 moles of oxygen which means it is in deficiency however, it will produce 4 moles of water with four moles of hydrogen.Thus, the moles of water are produced when 5 moles of hydrogen gas react with 2 moles of oxygen gas - b. 4 moles of water
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Is nuclear energy poised to be part of America’s future?
Answer:
Nuclear energy powers our businesses, homes and military. America’s 95 operating nuclear reactors generate approximately 20% of our nation’s electricity and provide over half of our carbon-free energy. They also create good-paying jobs at power plants and uranium mines. Wyoming produced 87% of America’s domestic uranium supply in 2018.
Today, nuclear energy faces serious hurdles. Regulatory costs and subsidies for renewable energy technologies are forcing America’s nuclear power plants to close at an alarming rate.
Russia and China are subsidizing their government-owned nuclear companies to assert their energy influence around the world. China is searching the globe for uranium reserves and investing heavily in the countries where it’s found. They want to secure more nuclear fuel for themselves and increase their control of the global supply.
Meanwhile, American nuclear power plants have come to rely on cheap Russian imports of uranium to meet their nuclear fuel needs. Right now, roughly 40% of the uranium coming into the United States originates in Russia or its satellite states of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Russian-backed companies are developing fuel that can be placed directly in American reactors.
Explanation:
Aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate and magnesium chlorate are mixed
Explanation:
You're mixing magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2 , and sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 , two soluble ionic compounds that dissociate completely in aqueous solution to form cations and anions.
Exactly how many planes contain points J, K, and N?
O 0
O 1
O 2
O 3
Answer:
0
Explanation:
Point J is on neither plane X or plane Y. Hope this helps you.
Answer:
3
Explanation:
How much work is required to pull a sled if you use 60J of work in 5 seconds?
Answer:
DO I Look Like santa too you how am i supposed to know How about this how about you goo.gle the answer wow smart
Explanation:
In a lever,E×E.D.=L×__________
Answer:
LD is a answer okkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
What is the affected variable in an experiment. A:independent. B:dependent. C:control
In a controlled experiment, an independent variable (the cause) is systematically manipulated and the dependent variable (the effect) is measured; any extraneous variables are controlled. The researcher can operationalize (i.e. define) the variables being studied so they can be objectivity measured.
IamSugarBee
Which of these statements describes the basic idea of the Valence Shell
Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory?
1. Molecules repel one another due to intermolecular forces.
2. There is always an octet of electrons around an atom in a molecule
3. Shared and unshared electron pairs repel each other as much as
possible
4. Electrons are attracted to the nucleus of the central atom.
Answer:
3. Shared and unshared electron pairs repel each other as much as
possible
Explanation:
The variations in the bond angles of molecules and ions can be explained using the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory.
The VESPR model determines the total number of electron pairs (TEP) surrounding the central atom of a specie. The TEP consists of bond pairs BP and lone pairs LP.
All the electron pairs will orient themselves in such a way as to minimize the electrostatic repulsion between them.
The repulsion determines the geometry of the covalent bonds around the central atom. As the number of lone pairs increases from 0 to 2, the bond angles diminishes progressively.
Does anyone know how to determine if a reaction is a redox or not?
2Ca+O2→2CaO2 is the reaction. I've already made it a balanced equation, I just need to determine if its a redox or not.
Thank you!
The reaction is included in a redox reaction
Further explanation:
Given
Reaction
2 Ca + O₂ → 2 CaO
Required
a redox reaction
Solution
Redox reactions are reactions where there is a change in oxidation number
Oxidation is an increase/increase in oxidation number, while reduction is a decrease/decrease in oxidation number.
Reducing agents are substances that experience oxidation and oxidizing agent are substances that experience reduction
in the above reaction is included in a redox reaction because there is a change in oxidation number
Ca⇒Ca²⁺+ 2e⁻(for balanced equation : 2Ca⇒2Ca²⁺+4e⁻)
Oxidation ( 0 to +2)
O₂+2e⁻⇒O²⁻(for balanced equation : O₂+4e⁻⇒2O²⁻)
Reduction (0 to -2)
Balance the following equation.
___ I + ___ O2 ___ I4O10
A nitrogen molecule (N2) has one triple bond. How many electrons do the nitrogen atoms share?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
Answer:
3 electrons
Explanation:
What goes in cellular respiration and what comes out of cellular respiration?
Oxygen and glucose are both reactants in the process of cellular respiration. The main product of cellular respiration is ATP; waste products include carbon dioxide and water.
Compared to ionic compounds, molecular compounds generally have
A. stronger chemical bonds.
B. poor conductivity.
C. a high melting point.
D. lower densities.
Question 14
An element's periodic table identity is defined by its number of
А.
neutrons.
B
isotopes.
С C
electrons.
protons
Answer:
c
Explanation:
protons are the atomic number which define an element
what does an atomic emission spectrum look like if the electrons energy levels in an atom were not quantizied
a. lines would be shifted into the ultraviole region
b. there would be fewer lines
c. there will be more lines
d. the spectrum would be constnuous
Answer: The spectrum would be continuous
Explanation:
Atomic transitions allow us to find that the correct answer to what would happen if there was no quantization is:
d. the spectrum would be continous
In the models of atoms the correct explanation for the energy was given by Planck, by establishing that the energy of an electron is:
E = h ν
Where E is the energy, h the Planck constant and ν the frequency.
Therefore a transition occurs as the jump of an electron from one level to another
ΔE = E₂ - E₁
In all atomic models the levels are discrete, so the jumps are also discrete.
If the levels were continuous, the energy difference between the lines disappears and we have a continuous emission spectrum.
Let's review the different answers:
a. False. The lines disappear
b. False. This for if the separation between levels increases, which is the opposite process to the one analyzed.
c. False. The lines disappear
d) True. The spectrum is a continuum without any separation.
In conclusion, using the atomic transitions we find that the correct answer for what would happen if there was no quantization is:
d. the spectrum would be constnuous
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What is the condensation point and freezing point of neon in KELVIN.
Answer:
-415.5°F (-248.6°C)
Explanation:
Answer: The melting point/condensation point of neon is 24.53888889. Of course, I'm sure you can round that. The freezing point would be 521.74. All of this is in Kelvin
What is the density of butane (C4H10) at STP?
Help please
Answer:
his means 1 mole of butane has a volume of 22.4dm3 at STP. 1 mole of butane has the same mass in grams as its relative molecular mass.
Consider the balanced equation. PCl3 + 3H2O Right arrow. H3PO3 + 3HCl What is the percent yield of HCl if 42.0 g of HCl are produced from the reaction of 62.0 g of PCl3? Use Percent yield equals StartFraction actual yield over theoretical yield EndFraction times 100..
Answer:
Percient yield of reaction: 85 %
Explanation:
The reaction is:
PCl₃ + 3H₂O → H₃PO₃ + 3HCl
We only have data from the chloride, so we assume water is in excess. We convert the mass to moles:
62 g . 1mol / 137.32 g = 0.452 mol
If ratio is 1:3, from 0.452 mol we would produce three times as big, that amount. (0.452 . 3) = 1.36 moles of HCl.
We convert the amount to mass.
1.36 mol . 36.45g / 1mol = 49.4 g
This value of produced HCl is the theoretical yield. To determine the percent yield we make:
(Yield produced / Theoretical yield) . 100
(42 g / 49.4g) . 100 = 85%
Answer:
Yes it is 85.0%
Explanation:
DO ANY OF YALL KNOW THIS?????
1. Why do we need to use the mole to count atoms? (2pts)
2. What is the Molar mass of the following? Show your work
a. H2O2 (4pts)
b. C2H6 (4pts)
Answer:
1.mole allows us to weigh convenient amounts of material containing known numbers of atoms; i.e., it allows us to count atoms
2. H202 :34.0147 g/mol
C2H6: 30.07 g/mol
Which is the formula for iodine tribromide?
IBr
IB3
IBr3
I3Br
Answer:
the answer is c IBr3
Explanation:
The chemical formula for iodine tribromide is IBr₃ as it has 1 iodine and 3 bromine atoms.
What is chemical formula?
Chemical formula is a way of representing the number of atoms present in a compound or molecule.It is written with the help of symbols of elements. It also makes use of brackets and subscripts.
Subscripts are used to denote number of atoms of each element and brackets indicate presence of group of atoms. Chemical formula does not contain words. Chemical formula in the simplest form is called empirical formula.
It is not the same as structural formula and does not have any information regarding structure.It does not provide any information regarding structure of molecule as obtained in structural formula.
There are four types of chemical formula:
1)empirical formula
2) structural formula
3)condensed formula
4)molecular formula
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The periodic table includes all of the known elements in the world. How are elements
arranged on the periodic table?
a. by the element's name
b. by their atomic mass
c. by the number of neutrons found in the element
d. by their atomic number
Answer: D: by their atomic number
Explanation:
Elements are arranged from left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number. Order generally coincides with increasing atomic mass. The rows are called periods
A photon has a wavelength of 299 nm. What is the frequency of this photon?
1. 1×10^16 Hz
2. 1×10^15 Hz
3. 6.65 × 10^−37 Hz
4. 6.65 × 10^−28 Hz
5. 0.00100 Hz
6. 1.98 × 10^−31 Hz
7. 8.97 × 10^10 Hz
8. 1×10^6 Hz
9. 6.65 × 10^−18 Hz
The frequency(f) of this photon : 1 x 10¹⁵ Hz
Further explanationRadiation energy is absorbed by photons
The energy in one photon can be formulated as
[tex]\large{\boxed{\bold{E\:=\:h\:.\:f}}}[/tex]
Where
h = Planck's constant (6,626.10⁻³⁴ Js)
f = Frequency of electromagnetic waves
f = c / λ
c = speed of light
= 3.10⁸
λ = wavelength
A photon has a wavelength of 299 nm.
λ = 299 nm = 299 x 10⁻⁹ m = 2.99 x 10⁻⁷ m
The frequency :
[tex]\tt f=\dfrac{3.10^8}{2.99\times 10^{-7}}\\\\f=\boxed{\bold{1\times 10^{15}~Hz}}[/tex]
Some consumers, like lions, do not eat plants or any other producers. They only eat other animals.
How do lions obtain the carbon they need?
by eating animals that have carbon-based molecules stored in their bodies
by breathing it in from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide
by absorbing carbon-based molecules through their skin from the soil
by drinking water that contains carbon dioxide
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Some consumers, like lions, do not eat plants or any other producers. They only eat other animals. lions obtain the carbon they need by eating animals that have carbon-based molecules stored in their bodies and the correct option is option 1.
What are Consumers?Heterotrophs are known as consumers because they consume producers or other consumers. Heterotrophs occupy the second and third levels in a food chain, a sequence of organisms that provide energy and nutrients for other organisms.
Heterotrophic living organisms include all animals and fungi, some protists and bacteria, many types of parasitic plants.
Carnivores (organisms that eat meat) and omnivores (organisms that eat plants and meat) occupy the third level.
Therefore, Some consumers, like lions, do not eat plants or any other producers. They only eat other animals. lions obtain the carbon they need by eating animals that have carbon-based molecules stored in their bodies and the correct option is option 1.
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i need so much help 50 points!!!!!! complete the graph
What part of the atom tells you what element it is?
Number of electrons
Number of Photons (the light particle)
Number of Neutrons
Number of Protons
Answer: I believe it is the number of protons.