Amphiprotic compounds are able to both donate and accept a proton.
Amphiprotic compounds contain a hydrogen atom and lone pair of valence electron.
For example, HSO₃⁻ (hydrogen sulfate ion) is an amphiprotic compound.
Balanced chemical equation for reaction when HSO₃⁻ donate protons to water:
HSO₃⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ SO₄²⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq).
Ka = [SO₄²⁻] · [H₃O⁺] / [HSO₃⁻]
Balanced chemical equation for reaction when HSO₃⁻ accepts protons from water:
HSO₃⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ H₂SO₄(aq) + OH⁻(aq).
Kb = [H₂SO₄] · [OH⁻] / [HSO₃⁻]
Water (H₂O), amino acids, hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO₃⁻) are examples of amphiprotic species.
Another example, water is an amphiprotic substance:
H₂O + HCl → H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻
H₂O + NH₃ → NH₄⁺ + OH⁻
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The pressure inside a container is 812 Torr at a temperature of 75 °C. What would the pressure be at 57 °C?
Considering the Gay Lussac's law,the pressure at 57°C would be 770 Torr.
Gay Lussac's lawGay Lussac's law establishes the relationship between the temperature and pressure of a gas when the volume is constant.
This law says that the pressure is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas: if the temperature increases, the pressure of the gas increases while if the temperature of the gas decreases, the pressure decreases.
Mathematically, Gay Lussac's law states that the ratio of pressure to temperature is constant:
P÷T= k
If you have an initial state of 1 and a final state of 2, then:
P1÷T1= P2÷T2
Pressure al 57°CIn this case, you know:
P1= 812 TorrT1= 75°C= 348 KP2= ?T2= 57°C= 330 KReplacing in Gay Lussac's law:
812 Torr÷ 348 K= P2÷ 330 K
Solving:
(812 Torr÷ 348 K)× 330 K= P2
770 Torr= P2
Finally, the pressure at 57°C would be 770 Torr.
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what is the volume of methanol in a 200. g sample if the density of methanol is 0.7918 g/ml
The volume of the methanol in the sample is 252.58 mL
What is density?The density of a substance is simply defined as the mass of the subtance per unit volume of the substance. Mathematically, it can be expressed as
Density = mass / volume
With the above formula, we can obtain the volume of the methanol. Details below
How to determine the volume of the methanolThe following data were obtained from the question;
Mass of methanol = 200 gDensity of methanol = 0.7918 g/mLVolume of methaonl =?Density = mass / volume
Thus,
Volume = mass / density
Volume of methaonl = 200 / 0.7918
Volume of methaonl = 252.58 mL
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draw the structure of the major product formed in the given reaction when the aromatic aldehyde is present in excess. an aldehyde and ester react with methoxide in methanol. the aldehyde consists of two fused benzene rings. if the top fused carbon is arbitrarily numbered 1 and the ring numbered clockwise, there is an aldehyde substituent on carbon 3 and a methoxy substituent on carbon 8. the ester is a carbonyl bonded to methyl and methoxy.
When combined with methyl acetate, the chemical 6-methoxy-2 naphthaldehyde undergoes an aldol addition reaction to produce methyl 3-hydroxy-3-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoate. The aldol addition product undergoes dehydration to create the aldol condensed product, (E)-methyl 3-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)acrylate.
What is aldol condensation reaction?
In an aldol condensation, an enolate ion combines with a carbonyl molecule in the presence of an acid/base catalyst to produce either a hydroxylated aldehyde or ketone, which is then dehydrated to produce a conjugated enone. It is an effective process for creating carbon-carbon bonds.
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A substance that gives up a proton during a chemical reaction, raising the hydrogen ion concentration of water, is most appropriately called.
A substance that gives up a proton during a chemical reaction, raising the hydrogen ion concentration of water, is most appropriately called acid.
What is an acid?An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ion as the only positive ion produced in water. This is the Arrhenius definition of an acid. As such, the acid gives out a proton to water and oxonium ion is formed.
Thus, substance that gives up a proton during a chemical reaction, raising the hydrogen ion concentration of water, is most appropriately called acid.
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what is the formula for a. copper(i) cyanide b. tetraphosphorous decasulfide c. mercury (ii) oxide d. selenium hexafluoride
a. Copper(I) cyanide = CuCN
b. Tetraphosphorus hexoxide = P4O6
c. Mercury(II) oxide = HgO.
d. Selenium hexafluoride = SeF6
What is chemical formula?
The use of chemical element symbols, numbers, and occasionally other symbols like parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas, and plus and minus signs to represent information about the chemical proportions of atoms that make up a specific chemical compound or molecule is known as a chemical formula.
A chemical compound is symbolically represented by a chemical formula. It provides information on the kind and quantity of atoms in the chemical. Common salt, for instance, has the chemical formula NaCl.
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what is the stretching frequency (in cm-1) of the following carbonyl? group of answer choices 1655 1685
The stretching frequency (in cm⁻¹) of the given carbonyl compound is 1685 cm⁻¹
The carbonyl group, C=O, has a large dipole moment and it creates an intense stretching vibration whose peak generally appears between 1600 to 1800 cm⁻¹.
The spectrum shows a stretching absorption consistent with a ketone functional group, i. e. carbonyl group C=O stretching at ~1685 cm⁻¹.
Definition: Stretching frequencies are higher than corresponding bending frequencies. It is easier to bend a bond than to stretch or compress it.
The distinctive carbonyl band is particularly useful for diagnostic purposes because it has a characteristic high intensity and few other functional groups absorb in this region.
Different carbonyl compounds absorb in narrow ranges within the general carbonyl region.
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Which bases can be used to deprotonate a terminal alkyne? choose all that apply.
NaNH₂ can be used to deprotonate a terminal alkyne.
An analogous term (pKa) can be used to describe the acidity of terminal alkynes because they are mildly (i.e. weak) acidic. In this case, too, the lower the pKa value, the stronger the acid.
Alkynes have pKa values of around 25, therefore sodium amide, or NaNH₂, is an excellent (strong, that is) base that can deprotonate them. Indeed, sodium amide does deprotonate terminal alkynes (it can be used for elimination reactions, too).
This is possible because the NH₂⁻ anion is the conjugate base of Ammonia (NH₃) and, as a general acid-base principle, the weaker the acid, the stronger its conjugate base (Conjugate acid). Since ammonia has a pKa of about 38, NH₂⁻ is indeed a very strong base.
Sodium amide can deprotonate terminal alkynes (and alcohols, too) and it is often used when an Acetylide ion (RC₂⁻) is needed. These ions are then extremely helpful intermediates in the synthesis of organic compounds because they can react in a wide range of reactions as nucleophiles.
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_________________________ is the spontaneous decay in the structure of an atom's nucleus.
Radioactivity is the spontaneous decay in the structure of an atom's nucleus.
Is spontaneous decay possible in the nucleus of an atom?The spontaneous breakdown of an atom's nucleus by the emission of particles and/or radiation is referred to as radioactivity. Radiation is the emission of energy through space as particles or waves.Radioactive decay is a natural process in which the nuclei of unstable isotopes emit radiation as they decay to more stable nuclei. All of the decay processes happen on their own, but the rates at which different isotopes decay vary greatly.Radioactive decay in which certain unstable nuclei of heavier elements split into two nearly equal fragments (nuclei of lighter elements) and release a large amount of energy. Radioactivity, also known as radioactive decay, is a natural process. It is because radioactive elements continuously emit radiation as a result of reactions occurring within them.To learn more about Radioactivity is the spontaneous decay refer to
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Which of the following photons frequency has the highest energy?
A. 8.02 x 10^-12
B. 23 x 10^-13
C. 20 x 10^13
D. 25 x 10^12
Explanation too please
Answer: 23 x 10^-13
Explanation:
Which polyatomic ion is not labeled correctly? group of answer choices
a. nh4+ ammonium
b. no3- nitrate
c. cn- cyanate
d. clo4- perchlorate
e. all are labeled correctly.
The correct answer is option C. CN^- cyanate is wrong polyatomic ion. OCN− is correct polyatomic ion.
What is cyanate ion?
The structural formula for cyanate, commonly abbreviated OCN, is [O=C=N]-. It also includes any salt that contains it, like ammonium cyanate. It is a substantially less stable isomer of the fulminate anion [C−≡N+O]−
A cyanate group-containing organic compound is known as a cyanate ester. An ambidentate ligand, the cyanate ion can form complexes with metal ions in which either the nitrogen or oxygen atom can serve as the electron-pair donor. A bridging ligand can also be produced using it.
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The periodic table is arranged by various patterns. Is there a pattern with regard to ionic charge
Ionic sizes would decrease down the group but increase across a period.
What is ionic charge?The term ionic charge refers to the charge that an ion carries. We know that metals are found towards the left hand side of the periodic table while the nonmetals are found towards the right hand side of the periodic table.
Down the group, more shells are added hence the atomic sizes would increase down the group.
As we move from left to right, the ionic sizes are increased because ions are formed by the addition of electrons to the electron cloud. Hence ionic sizes would decrease down the group but increase across a period.
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among the elements of the main group, the general trend in the first ionization energy moving across a period is not followed between group 2 and group 13. which best explains these exceptions?
Due to the full s orbital's protection of the electron entering the p orbital, the ionization energy drops.
The full s orbital shields the electron as it enters the p orbital, lowering the ionization energy.
This process of "shielding" reduce s the net force acting on the outer shell electrons by a large amount when each new electron experiences both nucleon attraction and S orbital repulsion forces. Ionization energy consequently drops during these groupings.
The energy needed to free the outermost, or least bound, electron from an element's neutral atom is known as the first ionisation energy. First ionisation energy normally rises from left to right across a period on the periodic table. The outermost electron is more tightly connected to the nucleus as a result of the increased nuclear charge.
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In order to obtain funding for their research, scientists write
describing the proposed research and its costs.
a hypotheses
b research papers
C grant proposals
d email
design an experiment discussing how you will determine what your unknown sample is using a flame test.
The flame test is used to visually determine identity of an unknown metal or metalloid ion based on characteristic color the salt turns the flame of a Bunsen burner. The heat of flame excites the electrons of the metals ions, causing them to emit visible light. Every element has a signature emission spectrum that can be used to differentiate the between one element and another.
How to Do Flame Test?First, you need clean wire loop. Platinum or nickel-chromium loops are the most common. They may be cleaned by dipping in the hydrochloric or nitric acid, followed by rinsing with distilled or deionized water. Test cleanliness of the loop by inserting it into a gas flame. If a burst of color is produced, loop is not sufficiently clean. The loop must be cleaned between the tests.
The clean loop is dipped in either a powder or a solution of an ionic (metal) salt. The loop with sample is placed in a clear or blue part of the flame and the resulting color is observed.
Key Takeaways: Perform Flame Test:
The flame test is qualitative test in analytical chemistry used to help identify the composition of a sample.The premise is that heat gives energy to the elements and ions, causing them to emit light at a characteristic color or emission spectrum.The flame test is a quick way to narrow down identity of a sample, but must be combined with other tests to confirm composition.To know more about flame visit: brainly.com/question/6871204
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Why do some glucose molecules move out of
the blood and others move into it?
Due to process of facilitated diffusion some glucose molecules move out of the blood and others move into it.
Facilitated diffusion :The diffusion of solutes across the plasma membrane is facilitated by transport proteins. Passive transport is facilitated diffusion. Even though transport proteins are involved in facilitated diffusion, it is still passive transport because the solute is moving across the concentration gradient.
Why is it called facilitated diffusion?Passive transportation is facilitated transport. Unlike simple diffusion, which occurs when materials pass through a membrane without the assistance of proteins, facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, occurs when materials diffuse across the plasma membrane with the assistance of membrane proteins.
Importance of Facilitated DiffusionTo move molecules from one side of the membrane to the other without using energy, facilitated diffusion is required. Large and charged molecules, in particular, benefit from facilitated diffusion. These molecules cannot move freely across the plasma membrane due to simple diffusion.
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Use dimensional analysis to solve the following: 2.3 mi =
2.3 miles is equal to 12093 ft.
1 mile =5280 ft2.3 miles = 2.3 x 5280= 12144 ft
1 ft= 12 in12144 ft = 12144 x 12 = 145728 in
3 ft = 1 yd12144 ft =. (1÷3) × 12144 = 4048 yd
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This question is incomplete, above explanation might help.
Which type of solution contains higher than normal amount of osmo typically active?
Osmotically active solutes are present in greater than usual concentrations in hypertonic solution.
What is hypertonic solution?
Any external solution with a low water concentration compared to bodily fluids and a high solute concentration is referred to as a hypertonic solution. Water will net migrate from the body into the solution in a hypertonic solution.
Since seawater contains more salt ions than freshwater, it is a hypertonic solution. Since the water in their cells would quickly leak into the surrounding salt water, freshwater fish cannot survive in seawater. They would quickly suffocate and perish.
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allows oxidation of co (carbon monoxide) to less-harmful co₂ (carbon dioxide) allows oxidation of hc (unburned hydrocarbons) to co₂ (carbon dioxide) and h₂o (water)
The oxidation of co (carbon monoxide) to less-harmful co₂ (carbon dioxide) and the oxidation of hc (unburned hydrocarbons) to co₂ (carbon dioxide) and h₂o (water).
What is oxidation?
One or more electrons are lost during the chemical reaction of oxidation, which takes place inside of an atom or molecule.
TWO-WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTERS
enables the conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) to the less hazardous gas CO2 (carbon dioxide)enables the conversion of unburned hydrocarbons (HC) to CO2 and H2O (water)This structure allows the chemical reaction to happen by directing exhaust fumes to travel through the substrate that is made of the precious metals platinum and palladium. As the conversion process proceeds, the temperature of the exhaust gases rises.
This process generates a great deal of heat, hence the exhaust gases that exit the converter should be hotter than the gases that enter it. This also explains why most units need to have heat shields.
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The procedure warns against adding more than 15 ml of xylene to the erlenmeyer flask during recrystallization. why?
This could lead to some product not dissolving fully and thus remaining in solution after the recrystallization flask has cooled.
What is recrystallization?
Recrystallization is defined as a method for the purification of compounds that involves dissolving a compound in a solvent and then gently cooling the solution to form crystals, which are a purer form of the component. Recrystallization is a technique used by scientists to clean up solids, which are usually byproducts of various chemical reactions.
Therefore,
The procedure warns against adding more than 15 ml of xylene to the erlenmeyer flask during recrystallization. why?
This could lead to some product not dissolving fully and thus remaining in solution after the recrystallization flask has cooled.
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What mass of copper atoms have the same number of atoms as there are in a 4.21 gram sample of silicon?
The mass of copper atoms have the same number of atoms as there are in 4.21 g sample of silicon is 9.55 g
Avogadro's hypothesis1 mole of silicon = 6.02×10²³ atoms
But
1 mole of silicon = 28 g
Thus, we can say that:
28 g of silicon = 6.02×10²³ atoms
How to determine the atoms in 4.21 g of silicon28 g of silicon = 6.02×10²³ atoms
Therefore,
4.21 g of silicon = (4.21 × 6.02×10²³) / 28
4.21 g of silicon = 9.05×10²² atoms
Thus, 9.05×10²² atoms is present in 4.21 g of silicon
How to determine the mass of copper that contains 9.05×10²² atomsFrom Avogadro's hypothesis ,
6.02×10²³ atoms = 1 mole of copper
But
1 mole of copper = 63.55 g
Thus, we can say that:
6.02×10²³ atoms = 63.55 g of copper
Therefore,
9.05×10²² atoms = (9.05×10²² × 63.55) / 6.02×10²³
9.05×10²² atoms = 9.55 g of copper
Thus, 9.55 g of copper contains the same number of atoms in 4.21 g sample of silicon
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n‑methyl‑2‑pyrrolidone is an aprotic solvent used in many industrial processes. draw the structure of the product formed when it is heated with aqueous acid.
The structure of n‑methyl‑2‑pyrrolidone when it is heated with aqueous acid. product is given below
What is aprotic solvent?A polar solvent without an acidic proton is known as a polar aprotic solvent. These solvents don't include hydroxyl or amine groups. These solvents can act as proton acceptors, but unlike protic solvents, they do not act as proton donors in hydrogen bonding.
After being exposed to a strong aqueous acidic media and being heated, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone opens up, forming a molecule with a carboxylic group at one end and a protonated nitrogen atom with a methyl group connected to it at the other.
Alcohol, water, hydrogen fluoride, formic acid, acetic acid, ammonia, methanol, ethanol, and other well-known substances are a few examples of polar protic solvents. Polar aprotic solvents, on the other hand, lack acidic protons and do not function as donors during hydrogen bonding.
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Explain whether the cane sugar is hydrated.
Yes, the sugarcane is hydrated.
A species of long, perennial grass called sugarcane or sugar cane is used to make sugar. The plants have strong, jointed, fibrous stalks that are 2–6 m tall and rich in sucrose, which gathers in the internodes of the stalks. Your body is hydrated by sugarcane juice, which also helps you feel less tired in hot conditions. You can combat dryness with the help of the minerals, proteins, and carbs found in this drink.
Because sugarcane is high in antioxidants, it helps the body fight illnesses and increases immunity. Due to its high iron, magnesium, calcium, and other electrolyte content, it is excellent for dehydration. As it increases the body's protein levels, it helps the body fight fever as well as the common cold and other diseases.
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yes sugarcane is hydrate to get respected products of sugarcanes like juice , raw materials etc.
sugar cane is gathered and then treated with water to create raw juice, which has a low pH and dissolved contaminants. To increase the pH and react with the contaminants to create soluble calcium organic compounds that can be removed, hydrated lime is added to the juice. Lime excess is eliminated through carbonation or phosphoric acid addition. Depending on the needed level of final product purity, this process could be done numerous times.Two independent processes are involved in the production of sugar: (a) turning sugar cane or sugar beets into raw sugar, and (b) turning the raw sugar into refined sugar. The yield of the crystalline product is decreased by the presence of polysaccharides, proteins, starches, gums, waxes, and other colloidal contaminants in cane and beet sugar extracts, which also include unacceptable levels of sucrose.therefore the cane sugar is hydrated to get the following products.
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student proposes the following lewis structure for the nitronium ion. assign a formal charge to each atom in the student's lewis structure.
the following lewis structure for the nitronium ion. assign a formal charge to each atom in the student's lewis structure
atom formal charge N: 0
central O: +2
right O: −1
What is lewis's Structure?
A Lewis Structure or Electron Dot Structure may be a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. It denotes the way the valence electrons are arranged around the individual atoms in a molecule.
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Using standard reduction potentials from the aleks data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy for the following redox reaction. round your answer to significant digits. 2cl-(aq) 2h2o(l)=cl2
For the particular redox process, the typical Gibbs free energy is -106 kJ/mol.
What is Gibbs free energy?A substance's accessible energy that can be applied in a chemical reaction or transformation is known as the Gibbs free energy. Compounds frequently change into other substances with lower Gibbs free energies. Whether a chemical reaction will take place spontaneously is predicted by the change in Gibbs free energy.
Enthalpy and entropy are combined to form the Gibbs free energy, abbreviated G. The system's total enthalpy plus the product of its temperature and entropy together make up the change in free energy, or G.
One of the most crucial thermodynamic parameters for a system's characterization is the Gibbs free energy.
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If 9 serial dilutions are performed, each with a dilution of 0.1, what is the cumulative dilution?
Based on the number of serial dilutions and the dilution factor, the cumulative dilution is 1.0 × 10⁻⁹
What is serial dilution?Serial dilution is a dilution process in which successive repetitive dilutions are done of a substance in a solution using a constant dilution factor.
A dilution factor is the ratio in which the solution to be diluted and the diluent are combined.
Given that the 9 serial dilutions are performed, each with a dilution of 0.1, the cumulative dilution will be obtained as follows:
Cumulative dilution = 1 * 01 × 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1
Cumulative dilution = 1.0 × 10⁻⁹
In conclusion, the cumulative dilution is obtained from the number of serial dilutions and the dilution factor.
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m. m. r. howlader and f. zhang, void-free strong bonding of surface activated silicon wafers from room temperature to annealing at 600 ˚c, thin solid films 519 (2010) 804-808.
Surface-activated silicon wafers were bonded firmly and void-free by MMR Howlader from room temperature to annealing at 600 °C, followed by analysis of the interface's optical, electrical, mechanical, and nanostructure properties.
What is annealing?
In the fields of metallurgy and materials science, annealing is a heat treatment that modifies the physical and occasionally chemical properties of a material to enhance its ductility and decrease its hardness, making it more workable.
Annealing is a heat-treatment procedure that modifies a material's physical, and occasionally chemical, properties to improve ductility and decrease hardness to make it more workable.
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Discuss Dalton’s ideas by completing the following paragraph. After years of studying _____, Dalton was able to accurately determine the ______ of the elements involved in the reactions. His conclusions resulted in the ____________, which helped to explain that ________ in chemical reactions separate, ________ or ___________, but are not created, ___________, or _________.
1.Chemical reactions
2. Mass ratios
3. Atomic theory
4. Atoms
5. Combine
6. rearrange
7. Destroyed
8. Divided
What is the atomic theory?The atomic theory is a scientific description of the nature of atoms and matter.
The Dalton's atomic theory was the first complete attempt to describe all matter in terms of atoms and their properties.
After years of studying Chemical reactions, Dalton was able to accurately determine the mass ratios of the elements involved in the reactions. His conclusions resulted in the atomic theory, which helped to explain that atoms in chemical reactions separate, combine or rearrange, but are not created, destroyed, or divided.
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Liquid carbon disulfide reacts with oxygen gas, producing carbon dioxide gas and
sulfur dioxide gas
Calculate the ph of a dilute solution that contains a molar ratio of potassium acetate to acetic acid (pka = 4.76).
pH = 5.46.
What is a mole ratio example?A chemical reaction's molar ratio is the ratio of the moles (or molecules) of reactants used and the moles (or molecules) of products produced.Two moles of H2O are produced for every mole of O2 that is utilized. H2 and H2O have a mole ratio of 1:1. Two moles of H2 are needed to create two moles of H2O. Four moles of hydrogen would be required to make four moles of water.The ratio between any two compounds in a chemical reaction is known as the mole ratio. It is the proportion between two coefficients in a chemical equation that is balanced. Mole-to-mole ratio and molar ratio are other names for the mole ratio.Use the atomic masses to translate each element's mass into moles. By dividing the total number of moles by the smallest number of moles, you may determine the ratio or the number of moles of each element.Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation,
pH pKa log
pH 4.76 log ([acetate]/[acetic acid]), where [acetate]/[acetic acid] is the ratio given for each part of the question.
pH = pka + log [acetate/acetic acid]
pH = 4.76 + log ( 5/1)
pH = 5.46
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