how might the inca road system have helped strengthen the empire

John C. Calhoun was a prominent political figure in the United States during the mid-1800s. He was a strong proponent of states' rights and believed in the concept of nullification, which gave states the power to reject federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.

Calhoun vehemently opposed the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to prohibit slavery in any new territory acquired by the United States. He believed that the federal government did not have the authority to regulate slavery in the territories and that it was a matter for the states to decide.

Calhoun feared that if the Wilmot Proviso was enacted, it would set a dangerous precedent for federal interference in states' rights and ultimately lead to the dissolution of the Union.

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john c calhoun believed that the wilmot proviso violated property rights guaranteed in the Fifth Amendment

The American Institute of Public Opinion was founded in 1935 by George Gallup.

George Gallup was an American statistician and polling pioneer who sought to measure public opinion accurately and scientifically. He established the institute to conduct public opinion polls and provide reliable data on a wide range of social, political, and economic issues. Gallup's work and the establishment of the American Institute of Public Opinion significantly contributed to the development of modern polling and public opinion research methodologies.

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Some historians have suggested that a combination of climate change and foreign invasions played a significant role ,food security .

The Sahara region, where Ghana was located, experienced a period of drought and desertification during the 11th century, which likely impacted the agricultural productivity and food security of the empire. Additionally, the Almoravid invasion in the 1070s and subsequent attacks by the Sosso Empire weakened Ghana's military and political power. Other factors that may have contributed to Ghana's decline include lack of unity among its rulers and the destruction of its capital city Koumbi Saleh.

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The Massachusetts legislature passed the first mandatory education law in 1647, known as the Old Deluder Satan Act.

The first mandatory education law was passed in Massachusetts in 1647. This law required towns with 50 or more families to establish an elementary school, and towns with 100 or more families to establish a grammar school. The primary purpose of this law was to promote literacy and religious education, ensuring that future generations could read and understand the Bible, which was considered essential for maintaining a moral and orderly society.

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The following that best states the constitutional principle of limited government is Government can only do what the courts give it authority to do.

The powers of the government are limited by means of the Fundamental Rights enshrined in the Part-III of the Indian Constitution, which are essentially given to us against the state actions. Hence a constitutional government by definition is a form of limited government.

The powers of the government are limited by means of the Fundamental Rights enshrined in the Part-III of the Indian Constitution, which are essentially given to us against the state actions. Hence a constitutional government by definition is a form of limited government.

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The situation in Matthew 1:18-25 is the discovery of Mary's pregnancy before she and Joseph came together as husband and wife. The problem or conflict arises from Joseph's initial belief that Mary had been unfaithful, which created a difficult situation for their betrothal.

In this passage, Joseph finds himself grappling with the news of Mary's pregnancy which seems to contradict their chaste relationship during their betrothal. Initially, he plans to divorce her quietly seeking to minimize the potential shame and disgrace.

But God intervenes by sending an angel to appear to Joseph in a dream. The angel reassures Joseph affirming Mary's faithfulness and explaining that the child she carries is conceived by the Holy Spirit. Through this divine message, God addresses Joseph's doubts and concerns, leading him to accept Mary as his wife and fulfill his role as the earthly father of Jesus.

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Based on this passage, it seems that Mao believes that wars are inevitable regardless of the society. He writes, "War is the continuation of politics by other means, and politics itself is war without bloodshed."

This suggests that he sees war as a natural outcome of the struggle for power and resources that exists in all societies.

Regarding Mao's views on World War I, the passage does not provide any specific information on this topic. It is possible that Mao had his own opinions on the war, but the passage does not address this issue.  

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Answer: rather than being a private enterprise , Hellenistic education became a duty of cities and their governments

Explanation:

The use of the trust device for consolidating industry originated with B. J. Pierpont Morgan. Consolidating industry refers to the practice of merging or acquiring companies in the same industry to create larger and more powerful corporations. The idea behind consolidating industry is to reduce competition, increase market share, and gain greater control over prices and profits.

The use of trusts, which are legal agreements that allow one company to control the operations of another, was a common strategy used to consolidate industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States. This practice was particularly popular among industrial giants like J. Pierpont Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie.

Morgan played a key role in the development of the modern American economy, and was instrumental in the creation of some of the largest corporations of his time, including General Electric and U.S. Steel. Aside from his business pursuits, Morgan was also a prominent art collector and philanthropist, and played an important role in the development of several major cultural institutions, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.

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The use of the trust device for consolidating industry originated with B. J. Pierpont Morgan. Consolidating industry refers to the practice of merging or acquiring companies in the same industry to create larger and more powerful corporations. The idea behind consolidating industry is to reduce competition, increase market share, and gain greater control over prices and profits.

The use of trusts, which are legal agreements that allow one company to control the operations of another, was a common strategy used to consolidate industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States. This practice was particularly popular among industrial giants like J. Pierpont Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie. Morgan played a key role in the development of the modern American economy, and was instrumental in the creation of some of the largest corporations of his time, including General Electric and U.S. Steel.

Aside from his business pursuits, Morgan was also a prominent art collector and philanthropist, and played an important role in the development of several major cultural institutions, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.

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The statement that accurately describes the contributions of Thomson is "D) discovered the existence of electrons." Joseph John Thomson was a British physicist who conducted experiments with cathode ray tubes and discovered that they contained tiny negatively charged particles, which he called electrons.

This discovery led to the development of the modern understanding of atomic structure, and earned Thomson the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1906. While Thomson made other important contributions to the field of physics, including developing the mass spectrometer and proposing the plum pudding model of the atom, his discovery of electrons is his most significant achievement.

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The five unofficial, yet legal ways to amend a constitution are by Judicial interpretation, Custom and Tradition, Congressional Legislation, Executive Orders and Political Pressure.

A constitution is a fundamental document that establishes the introduction, structure, and functioning of a administration or organization. It serves as the principal law of the land and provides a foundation for governance, outlining the rights and accountabilities of citizens, the capacities and limitations of the management, and the relationship middle from two points different arms or levels of government.

Constitutions usually address key aspects such as the form of government, the separation of capacities, the rights and freedoms of things, the organization of the judges, and the procedures for accomplishing laws and making resolutions. They often spend money the fundamental principles and principles upon which a people or nation is based.

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By about 1830, the American slave population had increased significantly since the end of the American Revolution. In 1790, the slave population was just under 700,000, but by 1830, it had grown to over 2 million. This growth was largely due to the expansion of cotton cultivation in the southern United States, which created a high demand for slave labor.

The domestic slave trade also played a significant role in the increase of the slave population during this time. The trading of slaves between states became more common, with slave traders purchasing slaves from the Upper South and transporting them to the Deep South to work on cotton plantations.

The domestic slave trade continued to grow in the decades leading up to the Civil War, and it is estimated that around 1 million slaves were forcibly relocated during this time.

The increase in the slave population also led to the implementation of stricter slave codes in many southern states. Slave owners and lawmakers were increasingly concerned about the possibility of slave revolts, and so they implemented laws that restricted the movement and behavior of slaves, making it more difficult for them to organize and rebel.

Despite the growth of the slave population, however, there were still some signs of resistance among slaves during this time. Slave revolts such as the Nat Turner rebellion in 1831 demonstrated that some slaves were willing to fight for their freedom, and there were also efforts to establish schools and churches for slaves, despite the legal and social obstacles that made such institutions difficult to create.

In summary, by about 1830, the American slave population had grown significantly due to the expansion of cotton cultivation and the domestic slave trade. This growth led to the implementation of stricter slave codes, but also sparked resistance among some slaves and efforts to create educational and religious institutions.

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In Jamaica in 1914, Marcus Garvey formed the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which aimed to promote black nationalism and economic self-sufficiency among African Americans and people of African descent worldwide.

Political figure Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. ONH was from Jamaica. He was founding member and first President-General of the African Communities League and the Universal Negro Improvement Association, through which he proclaimed himself the Provisional President of Africa. Garvey wanted to establish an independent African American-run economy and society. In the end, according to Garvey, all black people in the entire world ought to go back to Africa, where there ought to be an end to white colonial domination.

Garvey's concept, which stressed race pride, African solidarity, self-reliance, the necessity that black people to organise, and the need for leaders to act on the behalf of those who work, might be summed up as his legacy.

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In Jamaica in 1914, Marcus Garvey formed the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which aimed to promote black nationalism and economic self-sufficiency among African Americans and people of African descent worldwide.

Political figure Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. ONH was from Jamaica. He was founding member and first President-General of the African Communities League and the Universal Negro Improvement Association, through which he proclaimed himself the Provisional President of Africa. Garvey wanted to establish an independent African American-run economy and society. In the end, according to Garvey, all black people in the entire world ought to go back to Africa, where there ought to be an end to white colonial domination.

Garvey's concept, which stressed race pride, African solidarity, self-reliance, the necessity that black people to organise, and the need for leaders to act on the behalf of those who work, might be summed up as his legacy.

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Based on the information provided, the best timeline entry is:c. Douglass escapes slavery and moves to New York in 1839.

This entry aligns with the given information that Frederick Douglass was born in 1818 and remained a slave until 1838 when he escaped slavery by borrowing the papers of a freed slave and moved to New York. The other options are incorrect: Social reform begins in the 1800s: While Frederick Douglass was a prominent social reformer, the information provided does not specify when social reform began in the 1800s, and it does not directly relate to his timeline.

1837 Douglass joined the East Baltimore Improvement Society: This option is incorrect because the information states that Douglass joined the East Baltimore Improvement Society in 1837, but it does not mention his escape from slavery or his move to New York.

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The correct answer is D) , Byzantine culture. Much of the character of Russian tsarist rule can be traced back to Byzantine culture.

The Byzantine Empire, which was the Eastern Roman Empire, had a profound influence on Russia's political, religious, and cultural development. The Byzantine Empire served as a model for the autocratic system of government that the Russian tsars adopted.

The concept of the divine right of kings and the close association between the Orthodox Church and the state also stemmed from Byzantine traditions. The Byzantine influence is evident in the Russian Orthodox Church's liturgy, iconography, and religious practices.

Additionally, the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Russian language, was derived from the Greek alphabet, which was used in the Byzantine Empire. Overall, Byzantine culture played a significant role in shaping the character and institutions of Russian tsarist rule.

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The best "test" for ADHD in adults is a comprehensive assessment that takes into account multiple factors, including the person's life and medical history. The correct answer is option c.

While the Conners behavior scales can be useful tools to assess ADHD symptoms, they alone are not sufficient to diagnose ADHD in adults. Similarly, an MRI can help detect brain abnormalities but cannot be used as a definitive test for ADHD.

Diagnosing ADHD in adults involves a thorough evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, who specializes in ADHD. The assessment typically includes gathering information about the person's symptoms, their childhood behavior, academic and occupational performance, medical history, and family history.

Additionally, self-report questionnaires, interviews, and observations may be used to gather information from the individual and their close contacts.

The diagnostic process aims to rule out other possible causes for the symptoms and assess the presence of core symptoms of ADHD, including inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. By considering a person's life and medical history, along with appropriate assessment tools, healthcare professionals can make an accurate diagnosis of ADHD in adults.

The correct answer is option c.

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The correct answer is b. white, polite, and happy. Situation-comedy television shows of the 1950s often portrayed .

American families as idealized versions of white, middle-class families who were happy, polite, and dealt with lighthearted, everyday situations. These shows, also known as "sitcoms," became popular during this time and helped to shape American culture's perception of the "perfect" family. While some shows may have dealt with minor conflicts, the overall tone was one of positivity and humor.During the 1950s, television sitcoms often presented an idealized image of American family life.

The shows typically depicted middle-class, suburban families composed of a nuclear family with a stay-at-home mother, a working father, and well-behaved children. These families were often portrayed as predominantly white, reflecting the racial dynamics of the time.

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These economic transformations, including industrialization and agricultural reforms, played a crucial role in the Philippines' post-independence economic growth, providing employment opportunities and contributing to export earnings.

After gaining independence from the United States in 1946, the Philippines embarked on a path of economic transformation. The post-independence period witnessed significant changes in the country's economic landscape.

One of the key developments was the promotion of industrialization. The government implemented policies to attract foreign investments and promote local industries. This led to the establishment of manufacturing and export-oriented industries, such as textiles, electronics, and automobiles. The industrial sector contributed significantly to the country's economic growth and provided employment opportunities.

Another crucial aspect of the economic transformation was the agricultural reforms. Land redistribution programs were initiated to address the issue of unequal land ownership, which helped improve agricultural productivity and provided opportunities for small-scale farmers. The cultivation of cash crops like sugar, coconut, and tobacco expanded, contributing to export earnings.

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One notable thing about the 1820 presidential election was the disappearance of the Federalists. The correct option is E.

This was significant because it marked the end of the Federalist Party as a major political force in the United States.

Additionally, while the Federalists were fading away, there was a rise of a powerful third party known as the Anti-Masonic Party.

The Anti-Masonic Party was founded on the belief that secret societies, such as the Freemasons, held too much power and influence in American society.

This party gained traction in the 1820 election by running against both the Democratic-Republican and Federalist candidates.

Although the Anti-Masonic Party did not win the presidency in 1820, it helped pave the way for future third-party movements in American politics.

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An immigration portfolio is a collection of documents and evidence that validates your identity qualifications experience and reasons for immigration to a specific country It serves as a platform to demonstrate your history skills and capabilities to immigration officials

The precise requisites for an immigration portfolio can differ extensively based on the target country and the kind of visa or status for which you're applying Nevertheless typical contents might comprise

Personal Identification Documents such as passports birth certificates national IDs driver's licenses and so on

Educational Credentials including diplomas degrees certificates transcripts along with proof of recognition or equivalence in the destination country if necessary

Professional Qualifications like professional licenses certificates evidence of membership in professional organizations and others

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What is a portfolio for immigration

In general terms, it can be said that Islamic society is characterized by its adherence to the teachings and principles of Islam, including the belief in one God (Allah) and the importance of following the Quran and the Sunnah (the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad).

An Islamic society is one where Islamic culture is predominant. the region of Islam. The location of Muslim prayer is a mosque or an Islamic centre. To promote tolerance and understanding between all peoples, regardless of ethnic background, religion, colour, gender, age, or beliefs, as well as to promote unity, benevolence, and brotherhood among Muslims.

Islamic society values family, community, and the promotion of social justice and equality. It also emphasizes the importance of education, charity, and respect for authority and elders. However, it is important to note that there is a diversity of interpretations and practices within Islamic societies around the world.

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French Indochina, circa 1887, was a collection of Southeast Asian territories under French colonial rule. The modern countries that made up French Indochina are Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.

Up to its dissolution in 1954, French Indochina, officially referred to as the Indochinese Union and afterwards the Indochinese Federation, was a confederation of French colonial possessions in Southeast Asia. Early in the nineteenth century, the term Indochina (formerly Indo-China) was coined to emphasise the historical and cultural impact of Indian and Chinese civilizations on this area. Later, the French colony in Indochina (present-day Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) was given this name.

Hanoi served as the country's capital for the majority of its history (1902–1945); Saigon served as the capital from 1887–1902 and once more from 1945–1954. Vietnam is home to both of the major schools of Buddhism: Theravada Buddhism predominates in some areas of the south, while Mahayana Buddhism is more prevalent in the north and centre due to Chinese influence.

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French Indochina, circa 1887, was a collection of Southeast Asian territories under French colonial rule. The modern countries that made up French Indochina are Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.

Up to its dissolution in 1954, French Indochina, officially referred to as the Indochinese Union and afterwards the Indochinese Federation, was a confederation of French colonial possessions in Southeast Asia. Early in the nineteenth century, the term Indochina (formerly Indo-China) was coined to emphasise the historical and cultural impact of Indian and Chinese civilizations on this area. Later, the French colony in Indochina (present-day Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) was given this name.

Hanoi served as the country's capital for the majority of its history (1902–1945); Saigon served as the capital from 1887–1902 and once more from 1945–1954. Vietnam is home to both of the major schools of Buddhism: Theravada Buddhism predominates in some areas of the south, while Mahayana Buddhism is more prevalent in the north and centre due to Chinese influence.

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For Confucius, the main thing to concentrate on was the cultivation of virtue, or what he referred to as "ren."

Ren encompasses qualities such as benevolence, compassion, and kindness, and is seen as the foundation for ethical behavior. Confucius believed that by cultivating virtue, one could become a better person and contribute to a more harmonious society. He emphasized the importance of self-reflection and self-improvement, as well as treating others with respect and empathy.

In his teachings, Confucius stressed the significance of education and the pursuit of knowledge as a means to achieve personal growth and enlightenment. He also emphasized the importance of social relationships, particularly those within the family, and believed that maintaining strong familial ties was essential for a stable and harmonious society.

Overall, Confucius' teachings centered around the idea of leading a morally upright and responsible life, and contributing positively to one's community and society as a whole.

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True, the Greek Orthodox chant tradition has roots in Jewish practice. This is because the early Christian church adopted many elements from Jewish liturgical music, including chanting psalms and hymns, which later developed into the Greek Orthodox chant tradition.

While there are some similarities between the Greek Orthodox chant tradition and some aspects of Jewish practice, it is essential to note that the Greek Orthodox chant tradition derives primarily from Byzantine music, which developed within the context of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Christian Byzantine Church. Byzantine music developed due to a synthesis of Hellenistic, Roman, and early Christian influences. Although Jewish liturgical music has specific traditions and melodies, given geographical proximity and historical interactions in particular locations, there may have been some cross-cultural exchanges and influences between Jewish and Byzantine musical practices. On the other hand, the Greek Orthodox chant tradition is principally based on Byzantine music and Eastern Christian liturgical traditions.

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Based on the data from the chart, the conclusion that is best supported is B: Song China had extensive trading links.

The chart shows that Chinese coins were found in various regions, including Southeast Asia, Japan, and the Middle East. This suggests that the Song Dynasty had established trade networks that extended beyond its borders and had significant economic influence in other parts of the world. There is no direct evidence in the chart to support the other conclusions listed.

Conclusion C, which suggests that Bantu migrations influenced the distribution of East African coins, also lacks direct support from the chart. The chart primarily focuses on trade routes and interactions, rather than the influence of Bantu migrations on the distribution of coins. While the Bantu migrations could have had an impact on various aspects of East African societies, the chart does not provide specific evidence regarding their influence on coin distribution.

Conclusion D, which states that East African city-states traded directly with Northern Europe, is not supported by the data in the chart. The chart does not depict any direct trading routes between East Africa and Northern Europe. It primarily shows trading connections between East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Indian Ocean region.

he chart clearly displays extensive trade routes and connections between Song China and various regions, including East Africa. It illustrates trade networks extending from Song China to Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean, and the Arabian Peninsula. These trade links suggest that Song China had extensive trading connections and played a significant role in the exchange of goods and ideas across different regions.

Correct option is  B: Song China had extensive trading links.

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The Olmecs' access to fertile land for agriculture and their strategic coastal location, enabling trade networks, were key factors that enabled them to establish the first urban civilization in Mesoamerica.

The Olmecs, who thrived between 1500 BCE and 400 BCE, are widely regarded as the first urban civilization in Mesoamerica. Several factors contributed to their ability to establish this groundbreaking society.

Firstly, the Olmecs inhabited a region along the Gulf Coast of Mexico that was agriculturally rich, providing them with an abundance of resources. The fertile soil supported the cultivation of maize, beans, and squash, which formed the basis of their agricultural system. This surplus food production allowed for the development of specialized labor, trade networks, and ultimately, urban centers.

Secondly, the Olmecs had access to important trade routes. Their location along the coast facilitated both maritime and overland trade with neighboring regions. Through these networks, they acquired valuable resources such as jade, obsidian, and basalt, which enhanced their economic and cultural influence.

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The basic history of global climate change is preserved in the stratigraphic record because the layers of sedimentary rock and other geological formations contain valuable information about past climate conditions.

Climate conditions refer to the prevailing weather patterns and atmospheric conditions in a specific region over a long period of time. These conditions include factors such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind patterns, and atmospheric pressure. These layers, or strata, act as snapshots of the Earth's climate history, revealing changes in temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric composition over millions of years. This data helps scientists understand the natural climate variations and the factors that influence them, which is crucial for predicting and addressing future climate change.

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False. Cross-gender performance did not die out after the Elizabethan period.

In fact, it continued to be a prominent feature of many theatrical traditions, including Restoration comedy and 18th-century pantomime. Women's roles were played by men in these performances, as it was considered inappropriate for women to perform on stage. However, the practice of cross-gender performance began to decline in the 19th century as social attitudes towards women's participation in the arts began to change.

Today, cross-gender performance remains a controversial issue in some theatrical circles, with some arguing that it reinforces harmful gender stereotypes while others defend it as an important artistic tradition.

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The forms of racism in Nazi Germany and Apartheid in South Africa shared similarities in their systematic oppression and discrimination based on race.

Both Nazi Germany and Apartheid South Africa implemented systems of racial segregation and discrimination that aimed to suppress and marginalize specific racial groups.

In Nazi Germany, the Jewish population was targeted for extermination while other minority groups such as Roma and Sinti people, disabled individuals and LGBTQ+ individuals also faced persecution. The Apartheid in South Africa enforced a legal framework that classified individuals into racial groups and denied basic rights and opportunities to the majority Black population.

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