How have hominid skulls changed over time? What are some of the reasons for those
changes?

Answer:

The first discovered enzyme was Zymase. It naturally occurs in the yeast and helps in fermenting the sugar molecules producing carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer:

Overall Shape: Double Helix

Groups of Molecules Called: nucleotides

4 Nitrogenous Bases: Adenine-Thymine / Guanine-cytosine

Chargaff's rules: A=T, C=G

Backbone: Phosphate and deoxyribose sugar

Bonds: Hydrogen Bonds between base pairs

Answer:

Hepato- and nephrotoxicity of fluoride have been demonstrated in animals, but few studies have examined potential effects in humans. This population-based study examines the relationship between chronic low-level fluoride exposure and kidney and liver function among United States (U.S.) adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate whether greater fluoride exposure is associated with altered kidney and liver parameters among U.S. youth.

This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2016). We analyzed data from 1983 and 1742 adolescents who had plasma and water fluoride measures respectively and did not have kidney disease. Fluoride was measured in plasma and household tap water. Kidney parameters included estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated by the original Schwartz formula), serum uric acid, and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. Liver parameters were assessed in serum and included alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and albumin. Survey-weighted linear regression examined relationships between fluoride exposure and kidney and liver parameters after covariate adjustment. A Holm-Bonferroni correction accounted for multiple comparisons.

The average age of adolescents was 15.4 years. Median water and plasma fluoride concentrations were 0.48 mg/L and 0.33 μmol/L respectively. A 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride was associated with a 10.36 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (95% CI: −17.50, −3.22; p = 0.05), a 0.29 mg/dL higher serum uric acid concentration (95% CI: 0.09, 0.50; p = 0.05), and a 1.29 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95%CI: −1.87, −0.70; p < 0.001). A 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride was associated with a 0.93 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95% CI: −1.44, −0.42; p = 0.007).

Fluoride exposure may contribute to complex changes in kidney and liver related parameters among U.S. adolescents. As the study is cross-sectional, reverse causality cannot be ruled out; therefore, altered kidney and/or liver function may impact bodily fluoride absorption and metabolic processes.

hope this helps

rate brainiest

Yes, a 15-degree line would form a closed loop for temperature obtained from several stations in Canada near the Great lakes.

Temperature refers to a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of a physical body (object). Also, temperature is typically measured by using a thermometer and its units are:

An isotherm can be defined as a line that is drawn on a map to join points with the same temperature, so as to show the distribution of temperature in a geographical region on Earth's surface.

In Meteorology, a closed loop is used to show or depict where an air mass is located when drawing isotherms. Thus, a 15-degree line would form a closed loop for temperature obtained from several stations in Canada near the Great lakes.

Read more on temperature here: https://brainly.com/question/2339046

Answer:

Many see RNA editing as an important alternative to DNA editing using techniques such as CRISPR.

Explanation:

It is beneficial for scientists to understand how other organisms are able to edit their RNA because it gives an idea for scientists in order to identify particular causes and symptoms of genetic and environmental disorders among individuals.

RNA stands for ribonucleic acid. It may be characterized as a type of nucleic acid that is significantly present in all living cells. It expresses some structural and functional similarities to DNA. There are major three types of RNAs found. It includes mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

There are various techniques that help scientists to observe numerous RNA and its editing in organisms. It is an important alternative to DNA editing. This methodology of RNA editing and functionality is determined by using techniques such as CRISPR.

Therefore, it is beneficial for scientists to understand how other organisms are able to edit their RNA because it gives an idea for scientists in order to identify particular causes and symptoms of genetic and environmental disorders among individuals.

To learn more about RNA, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/28073947

#SPJ2

Here is a Answer to your question:

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

I am sorry if this was not helpful

Hope this was helpful

Answer:

Mitochondria

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is Island Gigantism

Explanation:

I took the test

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

hope this helped

It is dependent on what you inherit from your parents. Either a dominant gene or a recessive gene. :))

Answer:

its an inherited trait

Explanation:

because it can come from your father ro your mother, or perhaps both

Answer:

The pseudostratified epithelium is also sometimes referred to as respiratory epithelium since ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia are mainly found in the larger respiratory airways of the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi.

Answer:

The selenium particles when coated on paper towels were extremely effective and continuously inhibited (about a 90% reduction) the growth of gram-positive bacteria including S. aureus and S. epidermidis after 24, 48, or 72 hours.

Answer :Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Explanation:

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the pituitary gland. Its key function is to stimulate the production and release of cortisol from the cortex (outer part) of the adrenal gland.

Answer:

the answer is a nucleotide

Answer:

Populations evole, not individuals

Explanation:

During circumstances an entire species can change either by changing the environment, traits passed onto progeny, or in a few generations. It doesn't make sense for the Theory of Evolution would surround the fact populations of a species would evolve but not individuals.

Answer:

Evolving takes thousands of years

Explanation:

Take dinosaurs for example they are now chickens and other birds. Evolving takes over hundreds to thousands of years

Oxygen is carried from systemic capillary blood to the perivascular tissues

Systemic circulation blood flow help to carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle passing through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. The deoxygenated blood returns from the tissue capillaries through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart.

Therefore, Oxygen is carried from systemic capillary blood to the perivascular tissues

Learn more about Systemic circulation flow from the link below.

https://brainly.com/question/14774665

Answer;

D

Explanation:

To initiate signal transduction, the ligand must pass through the plasma membrane by passive diffusion. On binding with the receptor, the ligands pass through the nuclear membrane into the nucleus, altering gene expression.

Genetically engineered bacteria are important in medicine as they make products to treat diseases.

Genetically engineered organisms are organisms whose genes have been engineered from the original form to new forms which are beneficial to man.

Genetically engineered organisms are produced by the process of genetic engineering

Genetically engineered bacteria are used in:

In medicine, genetically engineered bacteria are used products to treat diseases such as insulin.

Learn more about genetic engineering at: https://brainly.com/question/2780091

Answer:

Coat color in rabbits is inherited as a series of multiple alleles.

Explanation:

This means that there can be more than just 2 alleles for a single gene. In the case of coat color in rabbits, there are four alleles, and each one is expressed with a different phenotype.

The genetic factors that can affect paint color variation in California rabbits are based on the several different genes that are inherited from their parents. It includes color base, color density, pattern, an extension of dark pigment, spotting, silvering, etc.

The genes that are responsible for color variations are as follows:

Apart from these direct genes, several other genes are also responsible for causing variations in paint color in Rabit. The effect of environmental factors remains the same for every species regardless of competition, and other limited resources. These environmental factors govern the alteration gradually over a long period of time to stimulate some observable responses in the organisms.

Therefore, the genetic and environmental factors that can affect paint color variation in California rabbits are well described above.

To learn more about Color variations in Rabbits, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/3922582

#SPJ2

Answer:

Gross primary productivity, or GPP, is the rate at which solar energy is captured in sugar molecules during photosynthesis (energy captured per unit area per unit time). Producers such as plants use some of this energy for metabolism/cellular respiration and some for growth (building tissues).

Explanation:

Answer:

jtnull10

I just add another answer from another account to be able to give you brainlist

Explanation:

Circular folds act to slow down the movement of chyme and ensure that it remains within the small intestine for maximal nutrient absorption.

Digestion is the physiological process of breaking down foods to obtain energy and matter by part of the body.

The chyme is a mass of food that has already been digested by different types of digestive enzymes.

The chyme is a mass generated by secretions in the stomach organ as well as in the small intestine.

Learn more about the chyme here:

https://brainly.com/question/17315460

Answer:

It between the ages of 25 and 40 years.

Explanation:

Answer:

One Act Example

Shakespeare, Clearly: Romeo and Juliet (one-act)

by Jon Jory

adapted from William Shakespeare

Drama

One-act. 30-35 minutes

8-30 actors

In Shakespeare's most well-known tragedy, two young star-crossed lovers’ deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. This straightforward adaptation mixing contemporary and classical language emphasizes story and character rather than the poetry. Master director and acclaimed playwright Jon Jory has reimagined the classic tale to serve as an early introduction for younger audiences and actors that allows easy involvement. Inventive yet faithful, this adaptation will inspire actors and audiences alike to revisit Shakespeare’s original texts. Gender-neutral casting is encouraged and doubling is possible. Simple stage allows for a fluid and forward moving production.

Procedure:

ONE ACT STRUCTURE

Set the Scene.

Introduce the character goal(s)

Introduce an obstacle to the achievement of the goal(s)

Introduce a disaster (the result of a twist if your story has one)

Let the character(s) react.

Resolve the story.

-Oct 17, 2017

Explanation:

Living things are placed into certain kingdoms based on how they obtain their food, the types of cells that make up their body, and the number of cells they contain. Phylum is the next level following kingdom in the classification of living things.

Answer:

their classified because they have different structures.

you wouldn't want to put a goat in the same group as a insect would you?

Explanation:

here you go

Aunt may dies

Answer:

Robert Hooke

Explanian

Hooke observed a thinly sliced piece of cork under a microscope and noticed they looked like the cells that monks would sleep in. That's why cells were given their name!

Answer:

Using the monkey grip on clothing, the lapel in particular, the monkey grip is stronger and allows a greater lifting ability. But use of the thumb in the lapel during a throw risks trapping the thumb in the clothing and loss of control. Of course, the thumb is the weakest part of the grip.

Explanation:

Answer:

Square 1: AA

Square 2: Aa

Square 3: aa

Explanation:

The letters on the on outsides intersect in a way making diffent alleles