Answer:
The sun provides energy for almost everything that happens on Earth. Scientists at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics put it clearly: "Solar radiation powers the complex and tightly coupled circulation dynamics, chemistry, and interactions among the atmosphere, oceans, ice, and land that maintain the terrestrial environment as humanity’s habitat." Put another way, just about everything that happens in the atmosphere happens because of solar energy. This can be demonstrated with some specific examples.
Winds
Sunlight hits the Earth most directly at and near the equator. The extra solar energy absorbed there heats up the air, land and water. Heat from the land and water gets sent back up into the air, heating it even more. The hot air rises. Something has to take its place, so cooler air from the north and south rushes in. That creates airflow -- a circuit from the equator up and splitting to the north and south, then cooling and falling back down to the surface and reversing direction to head toward the equator again. Add in effects of the Earth's rotation and you get trade winds -- the constant flow of air across the Earth's surface. Even though the winds are modified by the Earth's rotation, it's important to realize they aren't created by the Earth's rotation. Without solar energy there would be no trade winds or jet streams.
The Ionosphere
Some wavelengths of solar energy are powerful enough to split molecules apart. They do this by giving so much energy to an electron that it shoots right out of the molecule. That's a process called ionization, and the positively charged atoms that are left behind are called ions. In the upper atmosphere, 80 kilometers (50 miles) above the surface, oxygen molecules absorb ultraviolet wavelengths -- solar radiation wavelengths between 120 and 180 nanometers (billionths of a meter). Because sunlight creates ions at that altitude, that layer of the atmosphere is called the ionosphere. Sunlight affects the Earth's atmosphere, but a side-effect is that the atmosphere absorbs this dangerous ultraviolet radiation.
The Ozone Layer
About 25 kilometers (15 miles) above the surface the atmosphere is far denser than in the ionosphere. Here is the highest density of ozone molecules. Regular oxygen molecules are made from two oxygen atoms; ozone is made from three oxygen atoms. The ionosphere absorbs the 120- to 180-nanometer ultraviolet, the ozone beneath absorbs ultraviolet radiation from 180 to 340 nanometers. There's a natural balance because ultraviolet light splits an ozone molecule into a two-atom oxygen molecule and a single oxygen atom; but when a single atom crashes into another oxygen molecule, ultraviolet light helps them join together to make a new oxygen molecule. Again, a happy coincidence is that the photochemistry taking place at the ozone layer absorbs much ultraviolet radiation that would otherwise make it to Earth and create a hazard for living organisms.
Water and Weather
Another critical component of the atmosphere is water vapor. Water vapor carries heat more easily than gases, so the circulation of water vapor is of critical importance for weather. It's also of critical importance for life on Earth, as water from the oceans is heated by sunlight to rise into the atmosphere where winds blow it over the land. When the water cools, it returns to the surface as rain. The movement of storm fronts is largely the result of collisions between air masses with different water content. Every gust of wind, every storm you have ever seen, every tornado and hurricane was therefore driven by solar energy.
Explanation:
A breeder reactor is one type of nuclear reactor. In a breeder reactor, uranium-238 is transformed in a series of nuclear reactions into plutonium-239.
The plutonium-239 can undergo fission as shown in the equation below. The X represents a missing product in the equation.
Compare the amount of energy released by completely fissioned plutonium-239 to the amount of energy released by the complete combustion of the same amount of coal.
Answer:hope this help
Explanation:
How does the following equation demonstrate the law of conservation of mass? 22 + 2 → 22
A. The number of atoms of each element is the same on the reactant side as the product side.
B. The number of atoms on the reactant side is more than the number of atoms on the product side.
C. The number of water molecules is the same on the reactant and product side.
D. The number of atoms on the reactant side is less than the number of atoms on product side.
Answer:
A. The number of atoms of each element is the same on the reactant side as the product side.
Explanation:
The equation demonstrates the law of conservation of mass in such a way that the number of atoms of each element is the same on the reactant side as the product side.
According to the law of conservation of mass "matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction but they are changed from one form to another".
By virtue of this, the number of moles of atoms on both sides of the expression must be the same.i need help asap!! i will give brainliest
How many atoms of beryllium are equal to 0.39 moles of beryllium?
Answer:
2.35 x 10²³atoms
Explanation:
Given parameters:
Number of moles of Be = 0.39moles
Unknown:
Number of atoms = ?
Solution:
To solve this problem:
1 mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10²³ atoms
0.39 mole of Be will contain 0.39 x 6.02 x 10²³ = 2.35 x 10²³atoms
what volume of a 6.0% W/V glucose (C6H6O6) solution can be prepared using 185g of glucose?
Volume of solution : = 3083.3 ml = 3.0833 L
Further explanationGiven
a 6.0% w/v
185 g of glucose
Required
Volume of solution
Solution
% w/v : the mass of solute in a volume of solution or 1 g solute in 100 ml of solution
Can be formulated :
% w/v = (mass solute(g) : volume solution(ml)) x 100
Mass of solute = mass of glucose = 185 g
The volume of solution :
= 185 g : 0.06
= 3083.3 ml
= 3.0833 L
Which of the following correctly shows the relationship, in terms of number of particles, of the three substances?
A. 1 mole of water < 1 mole of helium < 1 mole of aluminum
B. 1 mole of aluminum = 1 mole of helium = 1 mole of water
C. 1 mole of aluminum < 1 mole of helium < 1 mole of water
D. 1 mole of helium < 1 mole of aluminum < 1 mole of water
The correct option which shows the relation between particles of the three substances is 1 mole of aluminum = 1 mole of helium = 1 mole of water.
What is a particle?
A particle is a small part of matter.
The term refers to particles of all sizes, ranging from subatomic particles like electrons to visible particles like dust particles floating in sunlight.
The relationship of a number of particles of the substance can be calculated by Avogadro's law
Thus, the correct option is B. 1 mole of aluminum = 1 mole of helium = 1 mole of water
Learn more about particles
https://brainly.com/question/1685421
Which of the following is true about the electron configurations of the noble gases?
A) The highest occupied s and p shells are completely filled.
B) The highest occupied s and p shells are partially filled.
C) The electrons with the highest energy are in a d sublevel.
D) The electrons with the highest energy are in an f sublevel.
10 While a student is holding a piece of metal in her hand, her hand gets colder. What happens to the temperature of the metal? * m (6 Points) A. The piece of metal will get warmer because some thermal energy is transferred from the metal to the student's hand. B. The piece of metal will get warmer because some thermal energy is transferred from the student's hand to the ON metal. C. The piece of metal will stay at the same temperature because an equal amount of thermal energy is exchanged between the student's hand and the metal. D. The piece of metal will stay at the same temperature because thermal energy is not transferred between the student's hand and the metal.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
thermal energy is the energy between one object to another
Meiosis goes through 2 divisions to create four unique haploid cells. true or false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
True is the ANSWER.
How are gases and liquids different from each other
Answer:
Gases, liquids, and solids are all made up of atoms, molecules, and/or ions, but the behaviors of these particles differ in the three phases. Gas is well separated with no regular arrangement. liquid are close together with no regular arrangement. solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern.
Explanation:
9) Given the reaction: N2(g) + O2(g) + 182.6 kJ → 2 NO(g) What is the heat of formation of nitrogen (II) oxide in kJ/mole? A) AH = -182.6 B) AH = -91.3 C) AH = 91.3 Show D) AH = 182.6
PLEASE HELP please
The heat of formation of nitrogen (II) oxide : +91.3 kJ/mol
Further explanationGiven
Reaction
N2(g) + O2(g) + 182.6 kJ → 2 NO(g)
Required
The heat of formation
Solution
In the above reaction, the heat of the reaction is located on the reactant side which indicates that the formation of nitric oxide requires heat (endothermic reaction).
In the above reaction the heat required to form 2 moles of NO, so the heat required for each mole is:
+182.6 kJ : 2 = =+91.3 kJ/mol
what do you mean by calcination??
Answer:
Calcination refers to heating a solid to high temperatures in absence of air or oxygen, generally for the purpose of removing impurities or volatile substances.
Explanation:
hope it helps
idoine would have chemical properties most like ?
Why do you think the different heating process result in different softness or hardness of the steel? Think about what steel is made of and how the atoms move .
Explanation:
Different heating process affect the microstructure of the steel in different ways. Thus, imparting different properties to the steel. For example, annealing is done is done to impart softness to steel, hardening is done to hardened the steel( eg: carburizing, nitriding, cyaniding) whereas tempering is done to improve the ductility of the steel.
Steel mainly contains iron and carbon. This percentage of carbon and iron decides the property of the steel. It is the % of carbon which is altered in different heating process that to obtained the desire microstructure in steel.
Which of the following is NOT a compound?
Table salt
Carbon dioxide
Water
Gold
Answer: Gold.
Explanation: Water, CO2, and table salt are compounds. They are composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture, where as gold is neither.
What is the percent by mass of Nitrogen in Mg(NO3)2?
Answer:
18.888%
Explanation:
what is one example of a electromagnetic wave
Answer:
Examples of EM waves are radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, X-rays, gamma rays, etc.
Answer:
Electromagnetic waves can be split into a range of frequencies. This is known as the electromagnetic spectrum. Examples of EM waves are radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, X-rays, gamma rays, etc.
Explanation:
Which statement describes the motion of the sun?
The sun rotates at the same rate throughout.
The sun does not rotate at its poles.
Different parts of the sun rotate at different rates.
The sun does not rotate at its equator.
Answer: Different parts of the sun rotate at different rates.
Explanation:
The statement that best describes the motion of the sun is that different parts of the sun rotate at different rates.
First and foremost, we should note that the rotation of the sun is on its axis and also the sun isn't a solid. Due to this, its motion will be that there'll be rotation of different part of it at different rates. Assuming the sun was solid, then all of its parts will move together.
Answer:
Different parts of the sun rotate at different rates.
Explanation: pic proof
A heterogeneous mixture that has very small dispersed particles and stays mixed for a long time is a____. it for science class
Fossils can be found all over the world, often in layered rock formations. To determine the age of the rock layers within an
area, geologists and paleontologists use a technique called radiometric dating. Determining the age of a rock layer allows
scientists to determine the age of the fossils within it.
Some of the more exciting fossil discoveries are of dinosaurs, which existed on Earth between 230 and 65 million years
ago. Examine this map e. Click the map to zoom in, and drag the magnifying glass for a closer look. The map shows
where prehistoric rocks formed during the Triassic, Jurassic, and Crustaceous time periods, the same periods when
dinosaurs walked on Earth. Based on the map, what is the closest location to you where dinosaurs are likely to have lived?
Answer: Western USA.
Answer:
the answer is the question itself
Explanation:
How many moles are in 8.63 x 103 atoms of Li?
1.43 × 10⁻²⁰ mol Li
General Formulas and Concepts:Math
Pre-Algebra
Order of Operations: BPEMDAS
Brackets Parenthesis Exponents Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction Left to RightChemistry
Atomic Structure
Using Dimensional AnalysisAvogadro's Number - 6.022 × 10²³ atoms, molecules, formula units, etc.Explanation:Step 1: Define
8.63 × 10³ atoms Li
Step 2: Identify Conversions
Avogadro's Number
Step 3: Convert
Set up: [tex]\displaystyle 8.63 \cdot 10^3 \ atoms \ Li(\frac{1 \ mol \ Li}{6.022 \cdot 10^{23} \ atoms \ Li})[/tex]Multiply/Divide: [tex]\displaystyle 1.43355 \cdot 10^{-20} \ moles \ Li[/tex]Step 4: Check
Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 3 sig figs.
1.43355 × 10⁻²⁰ mol Li ≈ 1.43 × 10⁻²⁰ mol Li
What is formed when polyatomic ions bond with other ions?
It would be Ionic Compounds.
The picture below shows the positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun during an eclipse.
What is true of the eclipse shown in the picture?
A.
It is a lunar eclipse, in which the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.
B.
It is a solar eclipse, in which the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.
C.
It is a lunar eclipse, in which the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth.
D.
It is a solar eclipse, in which the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth.
Answer:
it is option c liner eclipse
Answer:
A-It is a lunar eclipse, in which the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.
How do you draw a lewis structure?
Answer:
How to Draw a Lewis Structure.
Step 1: Find the Total Number of Valence Electrons.
Step 2: Find the Number of Electrons Needed to Make the Atoms "Happy".
Step 3: Determine the Number of Bonds in the Molecule.
Step 4: Choose a Central Atom.
Step 5: Draw a Skeletal Structure.
Step 6: Place Electrons Around Outside Atoms.
Explanation:
Hope this helped! :)
If a sample of gas of valume 605 mL and temperature of 39 OC, has 0,00803 moles. What is it’s pressure?
Answer: The pressure of the gas is 0.34 atm
Explanation:
According to ideal gas equation:
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
P = pressure of gas = ?
V = Volume of gas = 605 ml = 0.605 L (1L=1000ml)
n = number of moles = 0.00803
R = gas constant =[tex]0.0821Latm/Kmol[/tex]
T =temperature =[tex]39^0C=(39+273)K=312K[/tex]
[tex]P=\frac{nRT}{V}[/tex]
[tex]P=\frac{0.00803\times 0.0821 L atm/K mol\times 312K}{0.605L}=0.34atm[/tex]
The pressure of the gas is 0.34 atm
Which elements are common to all organisms? Which ones apply??
A.sodium
B.oxygen
C. Sulfur
D. Hydrogen
E. iron
F. phosphorus
Answer:
B D
Explanation:
hope this is right but not entirely sure
BRAINLIEST PLEASEEE HELPLP 5. In a lab experiment, 2.5 grams of sodium bicarbonate is heated and decomposed into
sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide, and water vapor when heated. The actual yield of
sodium carbonate produced in the experiment is 2.04 grams. The theoretical yield of
each product is recorded in the data table below.
Using this data, determine the percent yield for sodium carbonate?
(Round Your Answer to the Nearest Whole Number)
Answer:
Explanation:
Sodium bicarbonate,
NaHCO
3
, will decompose to form sodium carbonate,
Na
2
CO
3
, water, and carbon dioxide,
CO
2
2
NaHCO
3(s]
→
Na
2
CO
3(s]
+
CO
2(g]
+
H
2
O
(g]
Notice that you have a
2
:
1
mole ratio between sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate. This means that the reaction will produce half as many moles of the latter than whatever number of moles of the former underwent decomposition.
Use sodium carbonate's molar amss to determine how many moles you'd get in that sample
0.685
g
⋅
1 mole NaHCO
3
84.007
g
=
0.008154 moles NaHCO
3
Now, if the reaction were to have a
100
%
yield, it would produce
0.008154
moles NaHCO
3
⋅
1 mole Na
2
CO
3
2
moles NaHCO
3
=
0.004077 moles Na
2
CO
3
Use the molar mass of sodium carbonate to determine how many grams would contain this many moles
0.004077
moles
⋅
105.99 g
1
mole
=
0.4321 g Na
2
CO
3Sodium bicarbonate,
NaHCO
3
, will decompose to form sodium carbonate,
Na
2
CO
3
, water, and carbon dioxide,
CO
2
2
NaHCO
3(s]
→
Na
2
CO
3(s]
+
CO
2(g]
+
H
2
O
(g]
Notice that you have a
2
:
1
mole ratio between sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate. This means that the reaction will produce half as many moles of the latter than whatever number of moles of the former underwent decomposition.
Use sodium carbonate's molar amss to determine how many moles you'd get in that sample
0.685
g
⋅
1 mole NaHCO
3
84.007
g
=
0.008154 moles NaHCO
3
Now, if the reaction were to have a
100
%
yield, it would produce
0.008154
moles NaHCO
3
⋅
1 mole Na
2
CO
3
2
moles NaHCO
3
=
0.004077 moles Na
2
CO
3
Use the molar mass of sodium carbonate to determine how many grams would contain this many moles
0.004077
moles
⋅
105.99 g
1
mole
=
0.4321 g Na
2
CO
3
By using the given data, the percent yield for sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) is equal to 127.
How to calculate percent yield?Percent yield of any data can be calculated as:
% yield = (Actual value / Theoretical value) × 100
In the question actual yield of sodium carbonate is given, which is equal to 2.04 grams. And in the table theoretical yield of sodium carbonate also given, which is equal to 1.60 grams.
Now putting these value in the above equation, we get:
% yield = (2.04 / 1.60) × 100 = 127
Hence, percent yield of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) is 127.
To learn more about percent yield, visit the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/11963853
Please Help Quick!!!
Lewis Structure of PO3 3-
1. Find its coordination figure/coordination number of central atom (CF)
Ev = Vallence electron of central atom
Σe = electrons donated from substituents
Terminal O gives 0 electrons, hence Σe = 3 x 0
charge = charge of the compound
2. Find EP (electron pairs) and LP (lone pairs)
LP = CF - EP
3. Draw the skeleton with octet substituents (top right figure)
4. Find formal charge for each atoms (Qf)
5. Write formal charge near atom in skeleton
6. Enjoy
If we react 5.4g of sodium chloride with an unknown amount of fluorine gas, we produce 4.9g of sodium fluoride and 3.7g chlorine gas. How much fluorine was consumed in the reaction?
Answer:
4.43 g
Explanation:
The reaction between sodium chloride and flourine gas is given as;
NaCl + F2 --> NaF + Cl2
From the stochiometry of the equation;
1 mol of NaCl reacts eith 1 mol of F2 to form 1 mol of NaF and Cl2
Mass of 1 mol of F2 = 38g
Mass of 1 mol of sodium flouride, NaF = 42g
This means 38g of flourine reacted with NaCl to form 42g of NaF
xg of F2 would form 4.9g of NaF
38 = 42
x = 4.9
x = 4.9 * 38 / 42
x = 4.43 g
pleas HELP QUICK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answer: first is last second is first and 3rd is second
Explanation: