Dependent variables could be height, number of leaves, biomass, etc. The constants could be the amount of water fed to the plants and other environmental conditions apart from the temperature.
Experimental variablesExperimental variables could be independent, dependent, or constant.
Independent variables are supplied by the researcher and are often varied or manipulated to produce different effects on experimental systems or subjects.
Dependent variables are measured. Their values are often affected by whatever independent variable the researcher supplies.
Constant variables are uniform throughout the experimental groups or subjects.
Thus, in this case, the aim is to test the effect of temperature on the growth of a plant. The independent variable is the different temperatures.
The dependent variable would be any feature of the experimental plants that indicate growth. It could the height, the number of leaves, etc.
The constant variable would be other conditions the experimental plants are subjected to.
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The energy for passive transport comes from: group of answer choices atp gtp the gradient of the thing being transported secondary transporters protein pumps
Passive transport obtains energy from the gradient of the substance or molecule being transported.
Passive transport is the movement of a solute from one side of the cell membrane where there is a high electrochemical potential to the other side where there is a lower electrochemical potential.
A kind of cellular transport known as passive transport involves the movement of molecules and ions along concentration gradients. In contrast to active transport, the mechanism doesn't need metabolic energy (such as ATP) because the movement is downhill or down the concentration gradient.
A few characteristics of passive transport are as follows:
1) The molecule must be bound in order to be transported.
2) The chemical being delivered is particular to it.
3) The gradient of the material being carried produces the energy needed for passive transport.
4) A conformational shift leads to the substance's transport.
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what is the strongest type of intermolecular force between solute and solvent in each of the following solutions? to determine this: 1) identify the strongest type of intermolecular force in the pure solute; 2) identify the strongest type of intermolecular force in the pure solvent.
The strongest intermolecular forces between solute and solvent molecules in a solution is ion-dipole interactions.
Intermolecular Forces:
The intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction that exist among the molecules of a substance. The identification of these forces are important because they affect many properties. They can affect solubility, boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, etc.
An intermolecular force is an attractive force that arises between the positive components (or protons) of one molecule and the negative components (or electrons) of another molecule. Various physical and chemical properties of a substance are dependent on this force. The boiling point of a substance is proportional to the strength of its intermolecular forces – the stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point.
By comparing the boiling points of different substances, we can compare the strengths of their intermolecular forces. This is because the heat absorbed by the substance at its boiling point is used to break these intermolecular forces and to convert the liquid into vapour.
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How can cells be in osmotic equilibrium but chemical and electrical disequilibrium?
Cells be in osmotic equilibrium but chemical and electrical disequilibrium because water moves freely between most cells and the extracellular fluid
When the concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane called osmotic equilibrium in cell this results in zero osmotic pressure as there is no force needed to prevent any flow. in other words, the tonicity is the same on both sides of the membrane. by diffusion of water or solutes, osmotic balance ensures that optimal concentrations of electrolytes and non-electrolytes are maintained in cells in this method osmosis maintain equilibrium in the cell not chemical and electrical equilibrium that's why osmotic equilibrium in the cell but chemical and electrical disequilibrium in the cell.
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what is the volume of a 5.0 gram sample of seawater with a density of 1.025 g/mL?
Answer:
since you have both the mass and density of the sample, the volume can be derived from both
volume of seawater = [tex]\frac{5.0}{1.025}[/tex]
= 4.88 ml (3 s.f.)
How much of the water (in mlml ) contains 160 mgmg of pbpb ? (assume a density of 1.0 g/mlg/ml .)
The amount of water is 14545.29 mL will contain 160 mg of lead.
Density is a term used to describe how tightly a material is packed. Hence, density is defined as the mass of the body per unit volume. Density Formula: ρ = m / V, where is the density, m is the object's mass, and V is its volume. Density Symbol: D.
The solution has 160 mg of Pb.
The density of water is 1 g/ml.
Now, 0.0011% Pb by mass means 0.011 grams P is contained in 100 - 0.0011 = 99.9989 g of water.
Therefore,
160 mg or 0.160 g of Pb will be contained in:
0.106 g × ( 99.9989 / 0.0011 ) = 0.106 g × 90908.09 = 14545.29 grams of water.
Hence, 14545.29 mL of water contains 160 mg of Pb.
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A molecule with a long chain of carbons bonded together and flanked by hydrogens with an acid group on one end and a methyl group on the other end is called a?
A molecule with a long chain of carbons bonded together and flanked by hydrogens with an acid group on one end and a methyl group on the other end is called a fatty acid.
A fatty can be saturated as well as unsaturated. Saturated fatty acids are the ones that do not have any double or triple bond in them. Unsaturated fatty acids are the ones that have double bonds or triple bond in them.
Some of the examples of fatty acids are stearic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid etc.
Some common examples of food products having fatty acid in them are walnuts, fish, butter, milk etc.
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reaction of sodium hydroxide and iron(ii) chloride to give to give iron(ii) hydroxide and sodium chloride
The reaction equation is; 2NaOH(aq) + FeCl2(aq) ---- > 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2
What is the reaction equation?The term reaction in chemistry involves the combination of two or more substances to yield a new substance. The new substance is always different from the combining substances.
In this case we want to write a reaction equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and iron(ii) chloride to give to give iron(ii) hydroxide and sodium chloride, we can write;
2NaOH(aq) + FeCl2 (aq) ---- > 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2
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explain why the keto-enol equilibrium constant for dimedone is much greater than the constant for acetone.
The strength of a carbon-oxygen double bond exceeds that of a carbon-carbon double bond.
What is a double bond?A double bond is a covalent link between two atoms in chemistry that involves four bonding electrons rather than the two in a single bond. In alkenes, for instance, double bonds typically form between two carbon atoms.
There is always a sigma and a pi bond present in a double bond. Carbon dioxide is a common instance of a chemical having a double bond. The structure of organic substances like ethene, commonly referred to as ethylene, methanoic acid, and acetone, includes double bonds.
Carbon-carbon double bonds are found in alkenes, which are hydrocarbons. For molecules with a single double bond, their typical formula is CnH2n ( no rings). Because ethene was originally called olefiant gas, another name for alkenes is olefins.
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Chernobyl expelled lots of cs-137 radioisotopes in the environment in 1986. the half-life of cs-137 is 30 years. in 2046, 60 years later, the radioactivity will be _____ the original activity in 1986.
Chernobyl expelled lots of cs-137 radioisotopes in the environment in 1986. the half-life of cs-137 is 30 years. in 2046, 60 years later, the radioactivity will be zero times the original activity in 1986.
What is half life of a substance?
A drug's half-life is an estimation of how long it will take for its concentration or amount in the body to exactly halve (or 50%) in size. T12 represents half-life.
This well-known phrase was first used in 1907 by renowned physicist Ernest Rutherford, who used the half-life formula to estimate the age of rocks by observing how long radium took to decay into lead.
Here, its said that the half life of Cs-137 is 30 years, that is after 30 years, half of the Cs-137 would have disintegrated, and after 60 years the entire molecule would have disintegrated, hence, after 60 years that is in 2046 the radioactivity would be zero.
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The molecular formula for both cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene is c4h8. compounds which have the same molecular formula but have different structures are called:______.
The molecular formula for both the cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene is c4h8. The compounds which have the same molecular formula but have different structures are called isomers.
What are isomers?Isomerism, the existence of molecules that have same numbers of the same kinds of atoms (and hence the same formula) but differ in chemical and physical properties.
Stated colloquially, isomers are chemical compounds that have same parts but are nonetheless not the same. To make crude analogy, two bracelets, each consisting of five red and five green beads, could be arranged in many different isomeric forms, depending on the order of the colors.
Each bracelet would have the same parts—that is, five red and five green beads—but each variation would be different. One could also imagine combinations of those same beads in which the pendant chains were attached to a bracelet in a variety of ways. One might imagine two bracelets of the same red-green order but with the identical chains attached in different orientations. Such structures also would be analogous to the isomers. In a more subtle analogy, one’s hands can be seen as an isomeric. Each hand possesses same kinds of fingers, but a right hand can never be superimposed perfectly on a left hand; they are different.
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What do the conclusions tell about the experiment?
O A. The conclusions tell how the experiment should be repeated.
B. The conclusions tell what other scientists think about the
experiment.
C. The conclusions tell if the scientific method was followed.
D. The conclusions tell why the data support or reject the hypothesis.
icolaou, k. c.;montagnon, t.; baran, p. s.; zhong, y.-l. iodine (v) reagents inorganic synthesis. part 4. o-iodoxybenxoic acid as a chemospecifictool for single electron transfer-based oxidation processes.j. am.chem. soc.2002,124, 2245.
Oxygen is a good oxidant because it has the highest electronegativity, which is 3.44.
What is an oxidant ?A reactant that oxidizes or eliminates electrons from other reactants in a redox reaction is referred to as an oxidant. An oxidizer, oxidizing agent, or oxidant are several terms for the same thing. An oxygenation reagent or oxygen-atom transfer (OT) agent is a term that may be used to describe an oxidant that contains oxygen.
The loss of electrons in oxidation (OIL RIG). A material that oxidizes therefore steals electrons from the other substance. As a result, an oxidizing agent needs to pick up electrons.
Flourine is the most effective oxidizer. The highest positive electrode potential value is present in it. Halogens function as a potent oxidizing agent because of their high electronegativity and electron affinity.
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certain meteorites have been examined and found to carry samples of which molecules? select all that apply.
Some examined meteorites contain would be lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and monosaccharides.
What are meteorites?Meteorites are considered to be the pieces of rocks or metals that fall into the earth from outer space. These rocks/metals have been extensively studied/analyzed by some researchers, especially those seeking to prove/disprove Panspermia theory that life originates from other planets.
Several studies conducted found the compounds such as lipids, DNA, RNA, and amino acids.
There has been no evidence for the monosaccharides for a long time until 2019 when an international team discovered sugars such as xylose and arabinose in certain meteorites.
No polypeptide has been discovered in the meteorites, but its precursor, amino acids, have been discovered.
Therefore, the correct answer to the molecules that have been found in the some meteorites would be lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and monosaccharides.
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Once separated, is each component of the solid mixture a pure element or a pure compound?
Once separated, is each component of the solid mixture could be a pure element or a pure compound.
Any object with mass and a specific quantity of space is referred to as a matter. Element, compound, and mixture classifications are used to categorise matter.A pure compound contains just that one component; there are no additional components. Mixtures of substances, chemicals, or components and compounds might be considered impure materials.If the substance is pure, it is either an element or a compound.If a substance can be divided into its component elements, it is a compound.If a substance is not chemically pure, it is either a homogeneous mixture or a heterogeneous mixture.If the composition remains the same throughout, the combination is homogeneous.Baking soda, sugar, and salt are pure chemical compounds.Learn more about mixtures here:
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If there are 5.80 moles of h, how many moles of each of the compounds are present?
[tex]Moles \: of \: H _2SO_{4} \: is \: is \: 2.9 \: moles.[/tex]
[tex]Moles \: of \: C _2H _4O _2 \: is \: 1.4 \: moles. [/tex]
[tex]Moles \: of \: NaOH\: is \: 5.8 \: moles.[/tex]
The total number of moles of hydrogen in all the compounds = 5.8 mol.
The number of hydrogen present in sulphuric acid = 2.
Let the number of moles of the sulphuric acid present
be X. [tex]Number \:of \: mol \: of H_2SO _4 \:present [/tex]
is,
[tex]1 \: mole \: of \:H _2SO_{4} \: has \: 2 \: moles \: of \: H.[/tex]
[tex]X = 5.8 \times \frac{1}{2} [/tex]
[tex]X = 2.9 \: moles[/tex]
Thus, the number of moles of sulphuric acid present is 2.9 moles.
Number of hydrogen present in acetic acid = 4
Let the number of moles of acetic acid be Y.
[tex]Number \:of \: mol \: of C _2H _4O _2 \:present [/tex]
is,
[tex]Y = 5.8 \times \frac{1}{4} [/tex]
[tex]Y = 1.4 \: moles[/tex]
Thus, the number of moles of acetic acid is 1.4 moles.
The number of hydrogen present in sodium hydroxide = 1.
Let the number of moles of sodium hydroxide be Z.
[tex]Number \:of \: mol \: of \: NaOH\:present [/tex]
is,
[tex]Z = 5.8 \times \frac{1}{1} [/tex]
[tex]Z = 5.8 \: moles[/tex]
Thus, the number of moles of sodium hydroxide is 5.8 moles.
5.8 moles. [tex]Therefore, \: moles \: of \: H _2SO_{4} \: is \: [/tex]
[tex]is \: 2.9 \: moles. \: \:Moles \: of \: C _2H _4O _2 \: is[/tex]
[tex]is \: 1.4 \: moles. \: Moles \: of \: NaOH\: is[/tex]
5.8 moles.
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a 6 carbon glucose molecule is broken down t 2 molecules of 3 carbon pyruvate cleavage, where ater molecule is broken off a frucose 1-6 bisphophate
In glycolysis, one glucose (a 6-carbon molecule) is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules (each 3-carbon molecule). this process occurs in two separate reactions. a particular toxin, Changchun, found in poison slugs, targets one of these reactions and renders the carbons in that particular pyruvate radioactive and thus, unstable.
What is glycolysis?
Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It produces two molecules of pyruvate, ATP, NADH, and water. the method takes place in the cytosol of the cell cytoplasm, within the presence or absence of oxygen. Glycolysis is the primary step of cellular respiration.
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What descriptive term is applied to the type of diene represented by 2,4-hexadiene?.
The descriptive term applied to the type of diene represented by 2,4-hexadiene is conjugated diene.
Dienes are compounds which contains two double bonds. These dienes can be non conjugated or conjugated.
Conjugated diene are those compound which have two double bonds joined by a single σ bond. Conjugated dienes can also be called 1,3-diene. To know if diene is conjugated or non conjugated, sp³ hybridization is to b checked and the number of double bonds and single sigma bond is checked.
Conjugated dienes are found in many different molecules. 2,4-hexadiene is a conjugated diene with two carbon-carbon double bonds that are separated by one sigma bond.
The stabilization of dienes by conjugation is better than the aromatic stabilization. Conjugated dienes are more stable than non conjugated or cumulative diene because it has higher electron density of molecules delocalized.
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When titrating a weak acid with a strong base, the ph half way to the equivalence point is 2.4. what is ka for this acid? will the ph be acidic, basic, or neutral at the equivalence point?
When titrating a weak acid with a strong base The equivalence point for a weak acid-strong base titration has a pH > 7.00.
If the concentration of weak acid is adequate to the concentration of the conjugate base, then the ratio of their concentrations is adequate to one. and therefore the log of one is equal to zero. Therefore, the pH is adequate to the pKa value of the weak acid at the half equivalence point
Why is pH at half titration adequate to pKa?
Because of the incomplete dissociation of the acid, the reaction is in equilibrium, with an acid equilibrium constant , Ka, which is restricted to that acid. point are the identical . Therefore, at the half-equivalence point, the pH is adequate to the pKa.
What does one mean by titration?
titration, process of qualitative analysis in which the quantity of some constituent of a sample is determined by adding to the measured sample an exactly known quantity of another substance with which the desired constituent reacts in a definite, known proportion
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Please figure out how to convert only to one significant figure.
Answer: How to convert only to one significant figure:
Explanation:
The method of rounding to a significant figure is often used as it can be applied to any kind of number, regardless of how big or small it is. When a newspaper reports a lottery winner has won £3 million, this has been rounded to one significant figure. It rounds to the most important figure in the number.
To round to a significant figure:
look at the first non-zero digit if rounding to one significant figure
look at the digit after the first non-zero digit if rounding to two significant figures
draw a vertical line after the place value digit that is required
look at the next digit
if it's 5 or more, increase the previous digit by one
if it's 4 or less, keep the previous digit the same
fill any spaces to the right of the line with zeros, stopping at the decimal point if there is one
Examples
Round 53,879 to 1 significant figure, then 2 significant figures.
5|3879 to 1 significant figure is 50,000
53|879 to 2 significant figures is 54,000
Notice that the number of significant figures in the question is the maximum number of non-zero digits in your answer.
Round 0.005089 to 1 significant figure, then 2 significant figures.
0.005|089 to 1 significant figure is 0.005
0.0050|89 to 2 significant figures is 0.0051
Sorry this was long,
But I hope this helped!
Ecologists use food web diagrams, like the one shown, as tools in their studies of different populations of organisms within an ecosystem. Which of the following is a correct use for a food web diagram?
Ecologists use food web diagrams as tools in their studies of different populations of organisms within an ecosystem because it shows the feeding relationship between organisms in the ecosystem.
What is a Food web?This is defined as the graphical representation of the feeding relationship which occurs between organisms in the ecosystem and helps to predict the outcome in the addition or removal of a species.
The food web also helps to determine the various ways in which energy flows and it usually starts from the producers which are the plants as a result of their photosynthetic ability which involves the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy.
There are various organisms in the ecosystem and the food web helps to provide a better understanding of their feeding habits and impact various factors will result in.
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a chemist determined by measurements that moles of calcium participated in a chemical reaction. calculate the mass of calcium that participated in the chemical reaction.
A chemist determined by measurements that moles of calcium participated in a chemical reaction. The mass of calcium that participated in the chemical reaction is 0.40 g
What are chemical reaction?Chemical reaction is define as a process that lead to chemical transformation of one set of chemical substance to another.
There are basically four types of chemical reaction.
Synthesis reaction Decomposition reactionSingle replacement reactionDouble replacement reactionMass of calcium can be calculated as:
Molar mass of Ca = 40.0g/mole
Number of mole of Ca in chemical reaction = 0.010 moles
So ,
Mass = number of moles x molar mass
= 0.010 moles x 40.0g/mole
= 0.40 g
Thus, the mass of calcium that participated in the chemical reaction is 0.40 g
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Your question is incomplete, but probably your full question was
A chemist determined by measurements that 0.010 moles of calcium participated in a chemical reaction. calculate the mass of calcium that participated in the chemical reaction
Repeating an entire experiment more than once is
Replication
Trial
Research
Experiment
Answer: Replication duh NO offensene
Explanation:
Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of increasing boiling points. 0.050 m mg(no 3) 2; 0.100 m ethanol; 0.090 m nacl
To arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of increasing boiling points. 0.050 m mg(no 3)2; 0.100 m ethanol; 0.090 m nacl.
What is boiling point of a solution?
The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure around it and the liquid transforms into a vapor is known as the boiling point of a substance.
A liquid's boiling point varies depending on the atmospheric pressure in the area. The boiling point of a liquid is lower in a partial vacuum than it is at atmospheric pressure. A liquid's boiling point is lower under low pressure than it is under air pressure.
The higher the molar concentration, higher will be the boiling point of the solution.
Thus among Ethanol(0.100m), Mg(NO3)2(0.050m), NaCl(0.090), ethanol has the highest boiling point.
Thus, increasing order of boiling point is:
Mg(NO3)2<NaCl<Ethanol
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Need help FAST! Will rate 5
When mercury oxide HgO is heated, it decomposes into mercury Hg and oxygen O2.
1) if 28.4 g of HgO decomposes and produces 2.0 g of oxygen, how many grams of Hg are produced?
____________________g
Use the correct sigfigs (subtraction)
2) What is the percent by mass of Hg in HgO?
___________________%
Use correct sigfigs (division)
If 28.4 g of HgO decomposes and produces 2.0 g of oxygen, then 26 grams of Hg is produced.
What is decomposition reaction?Decomposition reactions occur when complex chemical entities split apart into smaller components. Decomposition reactions often demand energy input.
There are three different kinds of breakdown reactions: thermal, photolytic, and electrolytic.
[tex]Mass_{reactant[/tex] = [tex]Mass_{product}[/tex]
[tex]Mass_{mercury oxide[/tex] = [tex]Mass_{mercury} + mass_{oxygen}[/tex]
28g = [tex]mass_{mercury}[/tex] + 2g
[tex]mass_{mercury}[/tex] = 26g
Thus, 28.4 g of HgO decomposes and produces 2.0 g of oxygen, then 26 grams of Hg is produced.
[tex]percentage mass_{mercury} = \frac{mass_{mercury}}{mass_{mercury}oxide}[/tex] X 100%
= 26g/28g
= 93%
thus 93% is the percent by mass of Hg present in HgO.
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specify whether each of the items listed is hydrophilic or hydrophobic by dragging the labels into the appropriate box.
Hydrophilic;
Polar compounds
water
ions
glucose
Hydrophobic;
Triglycerides
cholesterol
Lipids
Oil
Carbohydrates
What are hydrophilic substances?The term hydrophilic substances is used to describe the substances that could dissolve in water. They are those substances that are water soluble. Somehow, the substances must be polar because in chemistry like dissolves like.
The hydrophobic substances are those substances that do not dissolve in water. They are nonpolar and interact with other nonpolar substances.
The classification of the substances took place below;
Hydrophilic;
Polar compounds
water
ions
glucose
Hydrophobic;
Triglycerides
cholesterol
Lipids
Oil
Carbohydrates
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how is the mass of the 25.0 ml of distilled water you measured at 13 °c different from the mass of 25.0 ml of distilled water at 20 °c ?
The mass 25.0 ml of distilled water you measured at 13 °c different from the mass of 25.0 ml of distilled water at 20 °c would be exactly the same.
What is the temperature?The mass of a body is the quantity of matter that is contained in a body. It is the measure of the inertia of the body. We know that the mass of a body is a constant and does not change. It des not depend on changes in the temperature of a body.
As such, the mass 25.0 ml of distilled water you measured at 13 °c different from the mass of 25.0 ml of distilled water at 20 °c would be exactly the same.
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you and a friend are studying for a chemistry exam. what if your friend tells you, "since exothermic processes are favored and the sign of the enthalpy change tells us whether or not a process is endothermic or exothermic, the sign of dhsoln tells us whether or not a solution will form"? how would you explain to your friend that this conclusion is not correct? what part, if any, of what your friend says is correct?
The assertion "It is true that " since exothermic processes are favored and the sign of the enthalpy change tells us whether or not a process is endothermic or exothermic .
The phrase "the sign of [tex]dH_{sol}[/tex] tells us whether or not solution will form " is not a fact .
All chemical reactions fall into one of two categories: exothermic reactions or endothermic reactions. When energy is lost to the environment during an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy change of the reaction is negative. A type of reaction known as an endothermic reaction results in a positively altering equilibrium by absorbing energy from the surrounding environment.
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Which formulas both represent compounds? HELP ME PLS!
Answer: D
Explanation: Co 2 and H2O
experiment 1: spectroscopy-infrared (ir) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy
EPR (ESR) Spectroscopy is compatible with leading brands but with fair and reasonable price.
EPR (ESR) Spectrometers for free radical, polymer materials, catalytic mechanism research.
What is Spectrometers ?
An equipment used to measure a physical quantity's spectrum is called a spectrometer. The term "spectrometer" is commonly used to refer to an optical spectrometer that measures the electromagnetic spectrum of light. Mass spectrometry and Auger electron spectroscopy, for instance, both use different types of spectrometers.
Measurements of light's characteristics in a particular area of the electromagnetic spectrum are made using an optical spectrometer. Light intensity is typically the variable quantity that is measured, though it might sometimes be anything else, such polarization.
The wavelength of light, which is frequently stated in a fraction of a meter but can also be expressed in a unit directly proportional to the energy of a photon, like the wave number, is the independent variable.
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EPR (ESR) Spectroscopy is compatible with leading brands but with fair & reasonable price. EPR (ESR) Spectrometers free radical, polymer materials, catalytic mechanism research.
What is Spectrometers ?
An equipment used to measure a physical quantity's spectrum is called a spectrometer. The term "spectrometer" is usually used to refer to an optical spectrometer that measures the electromagnetic spectrum of light.
Mass spectrometry and Auger electron spectroscopy, as an example , both use differing types of spectrometers.Measurements of light's characteristics during a particular area of the electromagnetic spectrum are made using an optical spectrometer. candlepower is typically the variable quantity that is measured, though it'd sometimes be anything else, such polarization.
The wavelength of sunshine , which is usually stated in a fraction of a meter but can also be expressed in a unit directly proportional to the energy of a photon, just like the wave number, is that the independent variable.
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After electrophoresing his pcr reaction, the student sees the desired pcr product on the gel as well as several smaller bands. what error(s) might he have made? (select all that apply.)
The following errors in the PCR reaction could lead to the result obtained:
He performed step two at a temperature that was too low.
Repeated sequences were present in the designed primers.
He contaminated the DNA sample used as a template.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique used for the amplification of DNA fragments with the help of Taq polymerase at a high temperature.
A very tiny DNA sample can be amplified (or part of it amplified) to a size that is big enough to be studied in depth using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique that is frequently used to create millions to billions of copies (full or partial) of a given DNA sample quickly.
When the temperature for step 2 of PCR, annealing is too low, the primers do not get attached to the template DNA.
Dimers could arise when the primers include repeated sequences.
Contamination of the template DNA will lead to no PCR and thus little to no results.
The complete question is:
A student carries out PCR using the following steps:
Step 1: 94°C for 1 minute
Step 2: 60°C for 30 seconds
Step 3: 72°C for 30 seconds
After electrophoresing his PCR reaction, the student sees the desired PCR product on the gel as well as several smaller bands. What error(s) might he have made? (Select all that apply.)
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