HAART is a combo of how many drugs in half/full strength?

The correct answer is a. High fat, high-calorie. Clients with cystic fibrosis have difficulty digesting fats and proteins, leading to malabsorption and malnutrition.

Therefore, a high-fat, high-calorie diet is recommended to meet their energy needs. The client may also require oral pancreatic enzymes to aid in digestion. While a sodium-restricted diet may be recommended for some clients with CF who have related conditions, it is not the primary dietary intervention. Gluten-free and dairy-free diets are not typically indicated for CF. However, clients with CF may need to monitor their sodium intake, as excessive sodium can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

This diet helps maintain optimal weight and growth. Sodium is not specifically restricted for CF patients, and gluten-free, low fiber, or dairy-free diets are not the standard treatment for cystic fibrosis.

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True, a stress fracture can be considered an example of a pathological fracture. A pathological fracture is a break in a bone that occurs due to the presence of an underlying disease or condition, which weakens the bone and makes it more susceptible to injury.

In the case of a stress fracture, repetitive stress and microtrauma cause the bone to weaken and eventually fracture.

Stress fractures are commonly seen in athletes or individuals who participate in activities that involve repetitive force on a particular bone. This constant stress can lead to an imbalance in the bone's remodeling process, where bone resorption outpaces bone formation. As a result, the bone becomes weakened and may eventually crack or break due to the constant pressure applied to it.

Some common risk factors for stress fractures include overuse, sudden increase in activity levels, improper footwear, and poor biomechanics. Stress fractures can also be more prevalent in certain populations, such as female athletes with the Female Athlete Triad (a combination of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis), which can further weaken the bones.

To prevent stress fractures, it is important to follow a gradual training program, ensure proper footwear and biomechanics, and maintain a healthy, balanced diet to support bone health. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential in managing stress fractures and preventing further complications.

In conclusion, a stress fracture is an example of a pathological fracture, as it results from the underlying weakening of the bone due to repetitive stress and microtrauma.

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The generic name for Ultram is Tramadol. Ultram is a brand name for Tramadol, which is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to severe pain.

Tramadol works by changing how the body senses and responds to pain. It is often used to treat chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia, arthritis, and nerve pain. It is important to note that Tramadol can be habit-forming and should only be used as directed by a healthcare provider. Additionally, it can have potentially dangerous interactions with certain medications, so it is important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking before starting Tramadol. Overall, Tramadol is a commonly prescribed medication for the management of pain, but it is important to use it safely and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

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Heroin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are both classified as Schedule I drugs. This means that they are considered to have a high potential for abuse and no currently accepted medical use in treatment. Schedule I drugs are considered to be the most dangerous of all the drug schedules and are heavily regulated by the government.

Possession, distribution, and use of these drugs can result in severe legal consequences, including imprisonment and fines. The use of these drugs can also result in serious physical and psychological harm, including addiction, overdose, and long-term damage to the brain and other organs. It is important for individuals to understand the risks associated with the use of these drugs and to seek help if they or someone they know is struggling with addiction. There are many resources available for those seeking help with drug addiction, including counseling, therapy, support groups, and medication-assisted treatment.

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The presence of distinctive fungal elements in sputum, spinal fluid, and biopsies gives a very straightforward diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis.
The presence of distinctive "spherules" in sputum, spinal fluid, and biopsies gives a very straightforward diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. Here is a step-by-step explanation:

1. Collect samples: Obtain sputum, spinal fluid, or biopsy samples from the patient.
2. Examine the samples: Analyze the samples under a microscope.
3. Identify the presence of spherules: Look for distinctive, thick-walled structures called spherules, which are characteristic of the Coccidioides fungus that causes coccidioidomycosis.
4. Make a diagnosis: If spherules are present in any of the samples, this gives a straightforward diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis.

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Based on the presented symptoms and medical history, the most likely diagnosis for the 40-year-old female is bleeding gastric ulcers caused by a combination of alcohol abuse and aspirin use for her arthritis.

The epigastric pain and coffee-ground emesis are indicative of gastrointestinal bleeding. Further diagnostic tests such as an endoscopy may be required to confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the ulcers. Treatment may involve stopping aspirin use, addressing the alcohol abuse, and prescribing medications to heal the ulcers and prevent further bleeding. The patient's history of rheumatoid arthritis and long-term aspirin use may have further increased her risk of developing this condition. Aspirin is known to reduce the strength of the mucosal barrier, increasing the risk of damage from mechanical forces such as vomiting.

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Advantages of home visits include the convenience for clients (especially for those with mobility issues or those unable/unwilling to travel), client comfort and familiarity of the setting, the ability to tailor services, and a private and comfortable environment for the discussion of concerns and needs.

Home visits have several advantages for clients. For those with mobility issues or who are unable or unwilling to travel, home visits provide a convenient option. Clients also benefit from the comfort and familiarity of their own environment, which can help them feel more at ease and open during discussions with their service provider. Additionally, home visits allow for services to be tailored to the specific needs of the client, as the service provider can see firsthand the client's living situation and assess their individual needs. Lastly, the private and comfortable environment of the home allows for a more relaxed and open discussion of concerns and needs.

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Lomotil is classified as a Schedule V controlled substance.Lomotil is a medication that contains the active ingredients diphenoxylate and atropine, and it is classified as a Schedule V controlled substance.

This means that it has a lower potential for abuse and dependence compared to drugs in Schedules I-IV, and it is considered to have some accepted medical uses. Lomotil is a prescription medication that is used to treat diarrhea, and it works by slowing down the movement of the intestines. Because it contains a small amount of atropine, which can cause side effects at higher doses, Lomotil is only available by prescription from a healthcare provider.The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is a federal law in the United States that regulates the manufacturing, distribution, and dispensing of drugs with the potential for abuse or dependence. The CSA classifies drugs into five schedules, with Schedule I being the most tightly controlled and Schedule V being the least tightly controlled.

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There are several drugs that fall under this category, known as Schedule drugs. These drugs are classified based on their potential for abuse and dependence, as well as their accepted medical uses. The most commonly known Schedule drugs are Schedule II drugs, which have a high potential for abuse and dependence, and are considered dangerous even when used as prescribed.

These drugs include opioids such as oxycodone and fentanyl, as well as stimulants like Adderall and Ritalin. Other Schedule drugs include Schedule III drugs such as codeine and ketamine, Schedule IV drugs such as benzodiazepines like Valium and Xanax, and Schedule V drugs such as cough syrups containing codeine. It is important to note that all Schedule drugs are only available by prescription and should only be used as directed by a healthcare professional.

Examples of Schedule II drugs include opioids such as oxycodone, morphine, and fentanyl, as well as stimulants like Adderall and Ritalin.

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Tertiary (late active) syphilis is the third and most severe stage of the infection. Manifestations of this stage typically appear several years after the initial infection, sometimes even 10 to 30 years later.

The symptoms can include damage to various organs and tissues, such as the heart, brain, and nervous system, as well as the development of gummas, which are soft, tumor-like growths that can affect various parts of the body. It is important to diagnose and treat syphilis in its earlier stages to prevent the development of tertiary syphilis and its potentially severe complications. Regular testing and timely treatment with antibiotics, such as penicillin, can help eliminate the infection and reduce the risk of long-term health issues.

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Dementia is a condition that can cause a variety of behavioural disturbances. These disturbances can include agitation, aggression, wandering, sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety, hallucinations, and delusions.

It is important to note that behavioural disturbances can vary depending on the type and stage of dementia, as well as individual factors such as personality and past experiences. Treatment options for behavioural disturbances may include medication, therapy, and environmental modifications to promote a calming and safe environment. It is important for caregivers and loved ones to work with healthcare professionals to address any behavioural disturbances and provide appropriate care and support for individuals with dementia.Behavioral disturbances associated with dementia can include agitation, aggression, mood swings, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, wandering, and repetitive behaviors. These symptoms can be challenging for both the person with dementia and their caregivers, making it essential to seek appropriate support and treatment strategies.

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C. Gemstone from a ring is an example of a foreign object hazard, not a physical hazard. The other options are all examples of physical hazards that can cause harm or injury.

A. Pesticide on the food prep counter. The reason is that a pesticide is a chemical hazard rather than a physical hazard. Physical hazards involve solid objects or particles that could contaminate food or cause harm, while chemical hazards are substances that could be toxic or harmful if ingested. The other options (B, C, and D) all involve solid objects that could potentially cause harm, making them examples of physical hazards.

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The defense mechanism that involves the unconscious exclusion of unpleasant from conscious awareness is known as repression.

It is a psychological defense mechanism that helps individuals avoid facing painful or threatening thoughts and emotions by pushing them into the unconscious mind. Repression is often considered to be the primary defense mechanism as it provides the foundation for other defense mechanisms to operate.
Through repression, an individual unconsciously blocks the threatening or painful thought from entering their awareness, which allows them to continue their daily activities without being overwhelmed by negative emotions. However, while repression can provide temporary relief from unpleasant emotions, it can also lead to long-term negative consequences such as anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues.
In conclusion, repression is a defense mechanism that unconsciously prevents painful or dangerous thoughts from entering awareness by excluding them from conscious awareness.

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The protocol for alcohol detoxification typically involves a medically supervised withdrawal process. This may include the use of medications to help manage withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications, such as seizures or delirium tremens.

the protocol for alcohol detoxification typically involves a medically supervised withdrawal process. This may include the use of medications to help manage withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications, such as seizures or delirium tremens.

Alcohol detoxification can be a dangerous process, particularly for individuals who have been consuming large amounts of alcohol for an extended period of time. As such, it is important to have medical professionals oversee the prTcess to ensure that the individual is safe and supported throughout.

The specific protocol for alcohol detoxification may vary depending on the individual's needs and circumstances, but generally involves a period of monitored withdrawal and management of symptoms. This may include medications such as benzodiazepines to help reduce anxiety and prevent seizures, as well as fluids and electrolyte replacement to address any imbalances.

In addition to medical care, individuals undergoing alcohol detoxification may also benefit from psychological support and counseling to address any underlying issues related to their alcohol use. Overall, the goal of alcohol detoxification is to safely and effectively manage withdrawal symptoms and prepare the individual for ongoing recovery efforts.

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The factors contributing to measles-related deaths worldwide are crowded populations (B) and low levels of herd immunity (F).

Here are the factors from the provided options:

A) Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) - This is not a direct cause of measles-related deaths, as it is a rare, long-term complication of measles, affecting a small percentage of people who contract the disease.

B) Crowded populations - This is a factor, as measles is a highly contagious airborne disease that can spread rapidly in densely populated areas.

C) Waterborne transmission - This is not a factor, as measles is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets, not water.

D) Animal reservoirs - This is not a factor, as measles is a human-specific disease with no known animal reservoirs.

E) Ineffectiveness of the vaccine - This is not a major factor, as the measles vaccine is highly effective when administered correctly.

F) Low levels of herd immunity - This is a factor, as insufficient vaccination coverage can lead to outbreaks, especially in areas with low vaccination rates or weak healthcare systems.

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Bupropion is a medication that is commonly used to help individuals quit smoking by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. upropion is an important medication for those looking to quit smoking and can significantly increase their chances of success.

Nicotine withdrawal can cause symptoms such as irritability, restlessness, anxiety, and difficulty sleeping, which can make quitting smoking extremely challenging. Bupropion works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which can help to alleviate these withdrawal symptoms and reduce the cravings for tobacco.

In addition to helping with nicotine withdrawal, bupropion can also help to reduce the overall urge to smoke, making it an effective tool for smoking cessation.

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True
Adenomatous polyps are small growths that can develop in the lining of the colon or rectum. These polyps are considered to be precancerous, meaning that they have the potential to turn into cancer over time. While not all adenomatous polyps will develop into cancer, it is believed that the majority of cases of colon cancer arise from these types of polyps.

Therefore, it is important for individuals to undergo regular colonoscopies to check for the presence of these polyps and to have them removed if necessary. This can help to reduce the risk of developing colon cancer.
Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the United States, and it is estimated that approximately 150,000 new cases of colon cancer will be diagnosed in 2021 alone. While the exact causes of colon cancer are not fully understood, there are several risk factors that have been identified. These include age, family history of colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and certain genetic mutations.

Another important risk factor for colon cancer is the presence of adenomatous polyps. Adenomatous polyps are small growths that can develop in the lining of the colon or rectum, and they are considered to be precancerous. This means that they have the potential to turn into cancer over time. While not all adenomatous polyps will develop into cancer, it is believed that the majority of cases of colon cancer arise from these types of polyps.

The development of adenomatous polyps is thought to be a gradual process that occurs over many years. The polyps start out as small, benign growths, but over time they can become larger and more abnormal. If left untreated, these polyps can eventually turn into cancer. It is estimated that it takes approximately 10-15 years for a polyp to develop into cancer.

Because adenomatous polyps are precancerous, it is important for individuals to undergo regular colonoscopies to check for their presence. During a colonoscopy, a doctor can identify and remove any polyps that are found. This can help to reduce the risk of developing colon cancer. In addition, individuals can take steps to reduce their risk of developing adenomatous polyps by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and not smoking.

In conclusion, colon cancer may develop from adenomatous polyps. While not all polyps will turn into cancer, it is important for individuals to undergo regular screening to check for their presence and to have them removed if necessary. By taking these steps, individuals can help to reduce their risk of developing colon cancer.

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When a person experiences anxiety, it can affect their perceptual field and cause it to narrow. This means that they may only focus on certain details and miss others.

There are several factors that can contribute to how much anxiety affects a person's perceptual field. These can include the severity of the anxiety, the duration of the anxiety, and the individual's overall level of stress.

In general, however, it is believed that moderate levels of anxiety are most likely to cause perceptual narrowing. This is because at moderate levels, the brain is still able to process information, but it may prioritize certain details over others. As the level of anxiety increases, the brain may become overwhelmed and unable to process information effectively, leading to a greater degree of perceptual narrowing.

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The correct answer is True. It is appropriate to administer prn medications for anxiety or agitation to an angry/violent patients in order to calm them down and prevent harm to themselves or others.  

It is important to follow the proper protocols and guidelines for administering such medications, which may vary depending on the patient's medical history, current medications, and other factors. It is also important to assess the patient's level of consciousness and monitor their vital signs closely after administering the medication. In addition to medication, it may be necessary to use other interventions such as verbal de-escalation techniques or physical restraints to ensure the safety of the patient and others. Ultimately, the decision to administer prn medications should be made based on the individual patient's needs and the professional judgment of the healthcare provider administering the medication.

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False people with anorexia nervosa are usually high academic and athletic achievers

While there may be cases where people with anorexia nervosa have high academic and athletic achievements, this is not true for everyone. Anorexia nervosa is a serious mental illness that affects people of all backgrounds and can have devastating effects on their physical and emotional health. It is important to not stereotype or make assumptions about individuals with this condition.

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image. It can affect individuals from various backgrounds and with different levels of achievement. It is important to remember that each person's experience with anorexia nervosa is unique and not solely defined by their achievements.

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Ménière's Disease is a disorder of the inner ear that affects balance and hearing. The diagnosis of Ménière's Disease is usually based on a combination of symptoms, including vertigo (dizziness), tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and hearing loss.

Other possible causes of dizziness, such as vestibular migraine, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and acoustic neuroma, should also be considered and ruled out through various tests and examinations. A thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional, including a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and possibly hearing and balance tests, is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis.

Ménière's Disease is a disorder of the inner ear that can cause symptoms such as vertigo (dizziness), tinnitus (ringing in the ears), fluctuating hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear. The exact cause of Ménière's Disease is still unknown, but it is thought to be related to an abnormal amount of fluid (endolymph) in the inner ear. The diagnosis of Ménière's Disease is primarily based on the presence of specific symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Additional tests, such as audiometry (hearing test) and vestibular tests (balance function tests), may also be used to support the diagnosis.

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When a client is admitted to the emergency department with hypertensive crisis, the nurse must prioritize assessments to identify any immediate needs. One finding that requires immediate action by a nurse is jugular vein distension. Jugular vein distension indicates that the client's blood pressure is dangerously high and may lead to complications such as heart failure or pulmonary edema.

Therefore, it is essential to monitor the client's blood pressure regularly and administer antihypertensive medications as ordered. Although other findings such as weakness in the left arm, crackles at the lung bases, and lower extremity pitting edema are also significant, they do not require immediate action as jugular vein distension does. Weakness in the left arm may indicate a cerebrovascular accident, which requires urgent medical attention. Crackles at the lung bases and lower extremity pitting edema may indicate fluid overload and heart failure, which also require prompt interventions, but not as urgently as jugular vein distension. In summary, jugular vein distension is a critical finding that requires immediate action by a nurse when a client is admitted to the emergency department with hypertensive crisis. The nurse must assess and monitor the client's blood pressure closely and administer antihypertensive medications as ordered to prevent complications.

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The most widely used psychoactive substance in the world is caffeine, which is found in various beverages and foods.

The most widely used psychoactive substance in the world is caffeine. It is found in many common beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks, as well as in some foods and medications. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that can increase alertness, reduce fatigue, and improve concentration. While moderate caffeine consumption is generally considered safe for most people, excessive use can lead to negative side effects such as anxiety, insomnia, and heart palpitations

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A plastic stretch refers to the deformation of a tissue beyond its elastic limit, resulting in a permanent change in shape. In connective tissue, the most likely part to be affected by a plastic stretch is the collagen fibers.

These fibers provide the tensile strength and stiffness to the tissue, and if they are stretched beyond their limit, they can become permanently damaged, leading to a loss of tissue function and integrity.

In connective tissue, the part most likely affected by a plastic stretch is the extracellular matrix, which consists of proteins such as collagen and elastin fibers. These fibers provide strength and flexibility to the tissue, and when they are overstretched, they may not return to their original shape, resulting in a plastic stretch.

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Based on the symptoms presented, the most likely diagnosis is vertigo, which is a type of dizziness that can cause nausea and vomiting. The recent upper respiratory infection may also be contributing to the dizziness. However, it is important for the individual to see a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

A possible diagnosis for this 55-year-old female could be labyrinthitis. Labyrinthitis is an inner ear disorder that can cause dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and hearing problems. It is often associated with a recent upper respiratory infection (URI), which the patient had two days ago.  To confirm the diagnosis, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional who can evaluate the patient's symptoms and medical history, perform a physical examination, and potentially order further tests if necessary.

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The finding that calls for immediate nursing action in a client with type 1 diabetes during a physical assessment is diaphoresis and shakiness. Option D is correct.

This may indicate hypoglycemia, which requires immediate intervention to prevent further complications. Painful hematoma on the thigh may require monitoring, but it does not require immediate action. Intense thirst and hunger may indicate hyperglycemia, which requires intervention but not immediate action. Reduced lower leg sensation may indicate peripheral neuropathy, which requires intervention but not immediate action. It is crucial to determine the severity of the discomfort, recognise any other symptoms diaphoresis, and take your vital signs. The nurse may need to start an IV, give oxygen and analgesics, or even contact a doctor or other medical personnel depending on the results.

Additionally, it's critical to keep a close eye on the patient and be ready to administer emergency care should their condition worsen. The nurse's overall main objective is to make sure the patient is stabilized and that their condition is evaluated and treated in a timely and appropriate manner.

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Syncope/LOC DDX for cardiac arrhythmia: history, ECG, Holter, tilt, echo.

Cardiac Arrhythmia can be a potential cause of syncope (fainting) or loss of consciousness (LOC). The differential diagnosis (DDx) for cardiac arrhythmia-induced syncope/LOC includes:

In summary, the diagnosis of syncope/LOC due to cardiac arrhythmia requires a comprehensive evaluation that includes a detailed history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as ECG, Holter monitor, tilt table test, echocardiogram, blood tests, and electrophysiology study

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Standardized healthcare terminologies have emerged as an important tool in the healthcare field in recent decades. Efforts for standardization began in the late 20th century, when various terminologies were developed to categorize and describe clinical events and diagnoses.

Here, correct option is A.

Client mortality and morbidity were used as the basis for early terminologies, and the focus of the terminologies was on acute in-patient care. Later versions of the terminologies expanded to include other services, such as medical, surgical, and diagnostic services.

The use of standardized healthcare terminologies has been beneficial in providing consistency between providers, as well as helping to ensure quality of care. By using the same language to discuss medical conditions and treatments, healthcare professionals can work together to provide the best possible care for their patients.

Therefore, correct option is A.

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Syncope/LOC (loss of consciousness) is a possible differential diagnosis for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

However, it is important to note that syncope/LOC can have multiple other causes as well, so a thorough evaluation is needed to determine the underlying cause. HCM is a genetic condition characterized by thickening of the heart muscle, which can lead to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations. In some cases, HCM can cause arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms), which may lead to syncope/LOC. Other potential causes of syncope/LOC in patients with HCM include ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and atrial fibrillation.

Further testing, such as an electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and Holter monitor, may be needed to determine the cause of syncope/LOC in patients with HCM.

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