The responsibility report for the Plastics Division can be prepared by analyzing the data provided for the year ending December 31, 2020.
Contribution Margin:
The Plastics Division has generated a contribution margin of $612,950 as per the budget and $622,669 as per the actual results. This indicates that the division has performed well in terms of generating revenue after deducting variable costs.
Controllable Fixed Costs:
The Plastics Division has incurred controllable fixed costs of $302,000 as per the budget and $305,500 as per the actual results. This suggests that the division has controlled its costs well and has incurred only the necessary expenses.
Operating Assets:
The Plastics Division has operated with an average operating asset of $2,073,000. This indicates the level of investment made by the company in the division and how effectively the assets have been utilized to generate revenue.
Responsibility Report:
Using the above data, the responsibility report for the Plastics Division can be prepared as follows:
Plastics Division Responsibility Report
For the Year Ending December 31, 2020
Contribution Margin:
Budget: $612,950
Actual: $622,669
Controllable Fixed Costs:
Budget: $302,000
Actual: $305,500
Operating Assets:
Average Operating Assets: $2,073,000
The above report indicates that the Plastics Division has generated a higher contribution margin than the budgeted amount and has also controlled its fixed costs effectively. However, it would be necessary to analyze the reasons for any variances between the budgeted and actual figures to identify areas for improvement. The report also indicates the level of investment made by the company in the division and how effectively it has been utilized to generate revenue.
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Control process examples?
The controlling function encompasses all aspects of managing time and deadlines, employee development, performance reviews, reorganizing staffing or budgeting, and resource distribution. Detecting deviations of any form allows controlling to take appropriate corrective action.
The "Controlling Process" is a technique that may be used to guarantee that standards are being met deviations within an organization. It entails the methodical gathering of data on a system, process, individual, or group of people so that important decisions can be made about each. This contributes to closing the achievement of organizational goals by decreasing the discrepancy between expected and actual results.
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On October 1, 2021, Sheridan Company places a new asset into service. The cost of the asset is $128000 with an estimated 5-year life and $28000 salvage value at the end of its useful life. What is the depreciation expense for 2021 if Sheridan Company uses the straight-line method of depreciation? O $5000 O $12800 O $25600 O $6400 Save for Later Attempts: 0 of 1 used Submit Answer
The depreciation expense for 2021 using the straight-line method is $20,000.
To calculate the depreciation expense using the straight-line method, first, subtract the salvage value from the initial cost of the asset. In this case, that would be $128,000 - $28,000, which equals $100,000. Next, divide the depreciable amount by the asset's useful life (5 years). So, $100,000 ÷ 5 equals $20,000. Therefore, the annual depreciation expense for Sheridan Company's new asset is $20,000, which applies to 2021 as well.
An accounting technique called depreciation expense is utilized to spread out the cost of a tangible item over the course of its useful life. It symbolizes the asset's decline in value or general wear and tear over time. The straight-line technique, which is frequently employed, uniformly distributes the depreciation expense over the asset's useful life.
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From the basis of the following pieces of information, please give the exact equation of the SRAS in terms of inflation. (6 marks) a) Wage setting curve: W/P=1-2u+z b) Production function in the economy: Y=AN0.5 Imagine that the savings rate in an economy is 30%. Depreciation is 5% per year and population growth is also at a level of 5% per year. Imagine that the per-worker production function is the following: y=k0.5 c) Please calculate the steady state level of capital per worker. (4 marks) d) By how much would output per worker increase, if the savings rate increased by 10%? (careful! By 10% and not by 10 percentage points!).
a) To find the equation of the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve in terms of inflation, we need to determine the relationship between inflation and the variables provided.
Given:
Wage setting curve: W/P = 1 - 2u + z
Production function: Y = AN^0.5
Inflation is typically measured as the percentage change in the price level (P). Let's assume that the price level is given by P = 1. We can rewrite the wage setting curve as:
W = 1 - 2u + zP
Now, we substitute the production function into the wage setting curve:
W = 1 - 2u + zY
Since Y = AN^0.5, we have:
W = 1 - 2u + zAN^0.5
Therefore, the equation of the SRAS curve in terms of inflation is:
P = 1 - 2u + zAN^0.5
b) To calculate the steady state level of capital per worker, we need to find the value of capital (k) that leads to a constant level of capital per worker in the economy.
In the per-worker production function y = k^0.5, we can rewrite it as:
y = (A/k)^0.5
In steady state, the level of capital per worker (k) remains constant over time. Therefore, we set the change in capital per worker (δk) equal to zero:
δk = sf(k) - (n + δ)k = 0
Given that the savings rate (s) is 0.30, the population growth rate (n) is 0.05, and the depreciation rate (δ) is 0.05, we can solve for the steady state level of capital per worker (k):
0.30k^0.5 - (0.05 + 0.05)k = 0
0.30k^0.5 - 0.10k = 0
0.30k^0.5 = 0.10k
Simplifying further:
0.30 = 0.10k^(0.5 - 1)
0.30 = 0.10k^(-0.5)
3 = k^(-0.5)
Taking the reciprocal of both sides:
1/3 = k^(0.5)
Squaring both sides:
(k^(0.5))^2 = (1/3)^2
k = 1/9
Therefore, the steady state level of capital per worker is 1/9.
c) If the savings rate increased by 10% (from 0.30 to 0.33), we can calculate the change in output per worker (δy/y) using the formula:
δy/y = (sf(k+δk) - sf(k))/sf(k)
Given that δk is 10% of k, or 0.1(1/9), we can calculate the change in output per worker:
δy/y = (0.30(1/9 + 0.1(1/9)) - 0.30(1/9))/(0.30(1/9))
δy/y = (0.03 - 0.03)/(0.03)
δy/y = 0
Therefore, the output per worker would not increase if the savings rate increased by 10%.
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which of the following are factors that the courts and the eeoc will consider when determining whether the employer has indeed reasonably accommodated the employee's religious belief? group of answer choices all of these choices are correct. the willingness of other employees to assist in the accommodation. the type of job where the conflict exists. the cost of the accommodation.
The factors considered by courts and the EEOC when determining whether an employer has reasonably accommodated an employee's religious belief include all of the mentioned choices.
They assess the willingness of other employees to assist in the accommodation, the type of job where the conflict exists, and the cost of the accommodation. These factors help to evaluate if the employer has taken appropriate measures to balance the employee's religious needs and the operational requirements of the workplace. By examining these aspects, the courts and EEOC can make a fair judgment on the reasonableness of the accommodation provided.
Ultimately, the employer must show that they have made a good faith effort to accommodate the employee's religious beliefs without causing undue hardship to the business or other employees.
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An online retailer samples 155 outgoing shipments each day. On an average day, 1.7% of these outgoing shipments has a defect. Round your answer to 3 decimal places. When preparing a p-chart, what value will represent the upper control limit (UCL) of the chart?
The upper control limit (UCL) for a p-chart in this scenario can be calculated as the average defect rate plus three times the standard deviation of the defect rate.
In a p-chart, which is used to monitor the proportion of defective items or shipments, the upper control limit (UCL) is an important parameter. It helps identify when the defect rate exceeds the acceptable threshold and indicates a need for investigation or process improvement.
To calculate the UCL, we start by finding the average defect rate, which is given as 1.7% or 0.017. Next, we need to calculate the standard deviation of the defect rate. Since we are dealing with proportions, we can assume the distribution follows a binomial distribution. The standard deviation of a binomial distribution is calculated using the formula:
Standard Deviation = √(p(1-p)/n)
where p is the defect rate and n is the sample size. Plugging in the values, we get:
Standard Deviation = √(0.017(1-0.017)/155)
Once we have the standard deviation, we can calculate the UCL by adding three times the standard deviation to the average defect rate:
UCL = 0.017 + 3 * (Standard Deviation)
Calculating this value will provide the upper control limit (UCL) for the p-chart, which serves as a benchmark for determining when the defect rate exceeds the acceptable level.
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scroll, inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of pirn, inc., began operations on january 1 of the current year. the following information is from the condensed yearend income statements of pirn and scroll: pirn scroll sales to scroll $100,000 $ --- sales to others 400,000 300,000 500,000 300,000 costs of goods sold: acquired from pirn --- (80,000) acquired from others (350,000) (190,000) gross profit 150,000 30,000 depreciation (40,000) (10,000) other expenses (60,000) (15,000) income from operations 50,000 5,000 gain on sale of equipment to scroll 12,000 --- income before income taxes $ 62,000 $ 5,000 sales by pirn to scroll are made on the same terms as those made to third parties. equipment purchased by scroll from pirn for $36,000 on january 1 is depreciated using the straight-line method over four years. in pirn's december 31 consolidating worksheet, how much intercompany profit should be eliminated from scroll's inventory?
In Pirn Inc.'s December 31 consolidating worksheet, $30,000 of intercompany profit should be eliminated from Scroll Inc.'s inventory.
Intercompany profit elimination is necessary to remove any unrealized profit resulting from sales between related entities. In this case, Pirn Inc. sells goods to Scroll Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiary. To determine the intercompany profit to be eliminated from Scroll's inventory, we need to consider the cost of goods sold and the sales figures provided.
From the income statements, we can see that Scroll's cost of goods sold acquired from Pirn is $80,000, and Pirn's sales to Scroll are $100,000. The difference between these amounts represents the intercompany profit included in Scroll's inventory.
Intercompany profit = Sales to Scroll - Cost of goods sold acquired from Pirn
Intercompany profit = $100,000 - $80,000
Intercompany profit = $20,000
Therefore, $20,000 of intercompany profit should be eliminated from Scroll's inventory. However, we also need to consider the gain on sale of equipment from Pirn to Scroll, which is $12,000. Since this gain is unrealized profit, it should also be eliminated. Thus, the net intercompany profit to be eliminated from Scroll's inventory in Pirn's consolidating worksheet is $20,000 - $12,000 = $8,000.
Therefore, $8,000 of intercompany profit should be eliminated from Scroll's inventory in Pirn's December 31 consolidating worksheet.
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a(n) answer is a process to evaluate a help desk or support worker according to established criteria.
"performance evaluation" or "performance appraisal."
Performance evaluation refers to the process of assessing and reviewing the performance of a help desk or support worker based on established criteria or standards.
standards. It involves systematically evaluating their job performance, skills, competencies, and adherence to defined metrics or goals.
During a performance evaluation, supervisors or managers assess various aspects such as the worker's ability to resolve customer issues, communication skills, technical proficiency, problem-solving capabilities, customer satisfaction ratings, and adherence to service level agreements (SLAs), among others. The evaluation criteria may vary depending on the specific job role and organization.
Performance evaluations are typically conducted on a periodic basis, such as annually or semi-annually. The process often involves setting performance goals, collecting data and feedback, conducting performance reviews or appraisals, and providing constructive feedback to help the worker improve their performance.
Performance evaluations play a vital role in identifying areas of strength and areas needing improvement, determining training and development needs, recognizing and rewarding high-performing employees, and making decisions regarding promotions, salary adjustments, or other employment-related decisions.
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Q:"A(n) ______ is a process to evaluate a help desk or support worker according to established criteria."
1.Discuss the view that a weberian bureaucratic system of public administration is impossible to create in an economically impoverished country
2. Appraise the view that successful public administration depends a great deal on the organizational structure rather than simply on the competence of the personnel.
3. The rules of public sector accountability to citizens in Ghana are ineffective because government has monopolised the power of appointment and prosecution of corrupt bureaucratic elites. Discuss
Ghana's public administration to operate effectively is the Making policies inclusive and participatory will greatly increase the likelihood of transparency and accountability in Ghana modern management.
1) Public Policy and Administration, a branch of political science taught in public policy schools, is a discipline that studies this implementation and prepares civil servants specifically.
2) For administrative purposes for working in government. Public Administration (a form of governance) is the implementation of public policy, administration of government establishments (public governance)
3) management of non-profit establishments (nonprofit governance), and also an academic discipline. The administrative services required to support and strengthen society are covered by the large field of public administration. It is a subset of, according to the National Centre for Education Statistics (NCES).
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1. A Weberian bureaucratic system is characterized by a hierarchical structure with specialized rules, procedures, and processes to govern an organization's activities. In economically impoverished countries, however, bureaucratic systems have not been as effective.
The reason for this is that the resources are limited in such countries, and the priorities are different, so the public administration structure may be altered in order to suit the situation better. Bureaucracy requires money and time, and it can be challenging for an impoverished country to sustain such a system of administration.
2. Appraise the view that successful public administration depends a great deal on the organizational structure rather than simply on the competence of the personnel.
The organizational structure of public administration is critical to its success. A well-designed structure facilitates coordination, collaboration, and communication among various departments, which is essential in ensuring that the administration runs smoothly.
An ideal public administration system is one that emphasizes merit, professionalism, and impartiality. Competent personnel is undoubtedly necessary, but they will be ineffective if they work within an inadequate organizational framework. The organizational structure should be geared towards fulfilling the mandate of the administration.
3. .Accountability is a fundamental principle of public administration that requires public officials to be answerable for their actions and decisions. In Ghana, accountability rules to citizens have been rendered ineffective due to the government's monopolization of power.
Corrupt bureaucratic elites often escape punishment and continue to be appointed to public offices. The government has failed to establish independent institutions responsible for holding the corrupt accountable. Consequently, the public has lost faith in the administration, and the people's expectations have been unmet.
In conclusion, there is an urgent need to establish a system that promotes transparency, accountability, and integrity within Ghana's public sector.
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Discuss the purposes of credit scoring models in credit risk
management.
The purposes of credit scoring models are to assess the creditworthiness of borrowers, predict the likelihood of default, and determine the appropriate terms and conditions for granting credit.
Credit scoring models use statistical techniques to analyze various factors and assign a numerical score to individuals or businesses, indicating their credit risk.
These models consider a wide range of variables, including financial data, credit history, payment behavior, employment stability, and demographic information.
By evaluating these factors, credit scoring models help lenders make informed decisions regarding loan approvals, interest rates, credit limits, and other terms.
One commonly used credit scoring model is the FICO score, developed by the Fair Isaac Corporation. FICO scores range from 300 to 850, with higher scores indicating lower credit risk. To calculate a FICO score, several factors are considered, including:
Payment History (35% weight): This factor evaluates the borrower's track record of making timely payments on credit accounts. It considers the presence of any delinquencies, the severity of delinquencies (e.g., late payments, collections, bankruptcies), and the overall payment history.
Amounts Owed (30% weight): This factor considers the borrower's credit utilization, which is the ratio of the outstanding balance to the credit limit on revolving accounts (e.g., credit cards). Lower utilization ratios are generally seen as positive indicators of creditworthiness.
Length of Credit History (15% weight): This factor assesses the age of the borrower's credit accounts. A longer credit history is generally viewed favorably, as it provides a more comprehensive view of the borrower's payment behavior.
Credit Mix (10% weight): This factor examines the borrower's mix of credit types, such as credit cards, mortgages, auto loans, and personal loans. A diverse credit portfolio is typically seen as less risky than relying heavily on a single type of credit.
New Credit (10% weight): This factor considers the borrower's recent credit inquiries and newly opened accounts. Multiple inquiries or a high number of new accounts within a short period may indicate higher credit risk.
Credit scoring models play a vital role in credit risk management by providing lenders with a standardized and objective assessment of borrowers' creditworthiness.
These models help lenders make informed decisions, set appropriate terms, and mitigate the risks associated with extending credit.
By utilizing various factors and statistical techniques, credit scoring models enable lenders to evaluate the probability of default and tailor their lending practices to minimize potential losses.
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You want to build up a venture capital of $100,000 in eight years. How much do you have to save each year if the interest rate is 7%? O $11,852 O $12,500 O $11,682 O $9,747
You need to save approximately $9,747 each year to accumulate a venture capital of $100,000 in eight years with a 7% interest rate.
to calculate the amount you need to save each year to accumulate a venture capital of $100,000 in eight years with an interest rate of 7%, you can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity:
future value = payment x [(1 + interest rate)^number of periods - 1] / interest rate
here, the future value is $100,000, the interest rate is 7%, and the number of periods is 8 years. we need to solve for the payment.
plugging in the values, the equation becomes:
$100,000 = payment x [(1 + 0.07)⁸ - 1] / 0.07
simplifying further:
$100,000 = payment x [1.7182 - 1] / 0.07
$100,000 = payment x 0.7182 / 0.07
$100,000 = payment x 10.259
now, we can solve for payment:
payment = $100,000 / 10.259
payment ≈ $9,747
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Turney Company produces and sells automobile batteries, the heavy-duty HD-240. The 2021 sales budget is as follows. Quarter HD-240 1 4,000 2 6,000 3 7,000 4 10,000 The January 1, 2014, inventory of HD-240 is 3,000 units. Management desires an ending inventory each quarter equal to 40% of the next quarter's sales. Sales in the first quarter are expected to be 25%higher than sales in the same quarter in 2021. Instructions: Prepare quarterly production budgets for quarter and in total for 2021.
The quarterly production budgets for HD-240 batteries for 2021 would be as follows Quarter 1: 4,400 units, Quarter 2: 6,400 units, Quarter 3: 8,200 units, Quarter 4: 6,000 units, Total production for 2021: 25,000 units.
To prepare the quarterly production budgets for HD-240 batteries for each quarter and in total for 2021, we need to consider the desired ending inventory, sales forecast, and the beginning inventory. Here's how the production budgets would look:
Quarter 1:
Desired ending inventory: 40% of Quarter 2 sales = 40% * 6,000 = 2,400 units
Sales: 25% higher than Q1 2021 = 1.25 * 4,000 = 5,000 units
Beginning inventory (January 1, 2021): 3,000 units
Production needed: Sales + Desired ending inventory - Beginning inventory
Production needed: 5,000 + 2,400 - 3,000 = 4,400 units
Quarter 2:
Desired ending inventory: 40% of Quarter 3 sales = 40% * 7,000 = 2,800 units
Sales: 6,000 units
Beginning inventory: Ending inventory from Quarter 1 = 2,400 units
Production needed: Sales + Desired ending inventory - Beginning inventory
Production needed: 6,000 + 2,800 - 2,400 = 6,400 units
Quarter 3:
Desired ending inventory: 40% of Quarter 4 sales = 40% * 10,000 = 4,000 units
Sales: 7,000 units
Beginning inventory: Ending inventory from Quarter 2 = 2,800 units
Production needed: Sales + Desired ending inventory - Beginning inventory
Production needed: 7,000 + 4,000 - 2,800 = 8,200 units
Quarter 4:
Desired ending inventory: None specified (assuming no carryover to next year)
Sales: 10,000 units
Beginning inventory: Ending inventory from Quarter 3 = 4,000 units
Production needed: Sales + Desired ending inventory - Beginning inventory
Production needed: 10,000 + 0 - 4,000 = 6,000 units
Total production for 2021:
Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 = 4,400 + 6,400 + 8,200 + 6,000 = 25,000 units
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in a market characterized by monopoly, the market demand curve is?
a. upward sloping.
b. horizontal.
c. downward sloping.
d. vertical.
In a market characterized by a monopoly, the market demand curve is:
c. downward sloping.
What is monopolyIn a monopoly market, there is a single seller or producer that has control over the supply of a particular product or service. As the sole provider, the monopolist has the ability to influence prices and determine the quantity supplied to the market.
The downward sloping demand curve in a monopoly reflects the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. As the monopolist increases the price of the product, the quantity demanded by consumers decreases.
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he demand curve for a good connects points describing how much consumers a. actually bought at different prices during a particular period. b. actually bought at different prices in different periods. c. would have been willing and able to buy at different prices during a particular period. d. would have been willing and able to buy at different prices in different periods.
The demand curve for a good connects points describing how much consumers would have been willing and able to buy at different prices during a particular period.
The demand curve represents the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity that consumers are willing and able to purchase at that price during a specific period. It illustrates the various combinations of price and quantity demanded.
The demand curve is derived from consumers' preferences, income levels, tastes, and other factors influencing their purchasing decisions. It provides insights into consumer behavior and helps businesses and policymakers understand the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price. Therefore, the demand curve reflects what consumers would have been willing and able to buy at different prices during a specific period, option (c).
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Investment Opportunities. You are working as a financial advisor for Bradford financial Services Ltd based on Leeds Road which has clients from the public and private sector around the Yorkshire region. Mr John who is 30-year old which is one of your client. He recently received £30,000 from his family and wants to invest this fund for at least 25 years. He has a job with saving of £800 per month. He comes to you as his financial advisor seeking for investment advice. 1. Suggest a list of potential investments opportunities for Mr. John. 2. Keeping in view of his age and financial condition, what is your financial advice?
1. Potential investment opportunities for Mr. John could include Stock market investments, Bonds, Real estate, Mutual funds, and Retirement accounts.
2. Considering Mr. John's age, long investment horizon, and his ability to save £800 per month, the financial advice would be to focus on long-term growth investments with a diversified portfolio.
1. a) Stock market investments: Diversified portfolios of stocks, such as index funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs), can offer long-term growth potential.
b) Bonds: Government or corporate bonds can provide a stable income stream with relatively lower risk.
c) Real estate: Investing in rental properties or real estate investment trusts (REITs) can offer long-term appreciation and rental income.
d) Mutual funds: Professionally managed funds that offer diversification across various asset classes.
e) Retirement accounts: Contributing to tax-advantaged retirement accounts like an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) or workplace pension plan can provide long-term savings growth.
2. Investing in a mix of stocks, bonds, and other assets can help achieve growth while managing risk. It would be prudent for him to consider a retirement account to take advantage of tax benefits. Regularly reviewing and rebalancing the portfolio is also important. As his financial advisor, it's essential to emphasize the importance of staying invested for the long term and not making impulsive decisions based on short-term market fluctuations. Regularly reviewing and adjusting the investment strategy based on changing circumstances and goals is also recommended.
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question content area which of the following measures a company’s ability to pay its current liabilities? a. interest earned b.earnings per share c.inventory turnover d.current ratio
The correct answer is d.current ratio. the measure that assesses a company's ability to pay its current liabilities is the current ratio.
the current ratio is calculated by dividing a Company current assets by its current liabilities. it provides insight into the company's liquidity position and ability to meet its short-term obligations.
Liabilities are obligations or debts that an entity owes to other parties, which can be individuals, organizations, or institutions. They represent the financial claims that others have on the assets or resources of the entity. Liabilities are an essential component of a company's financial structure and are recorded on the balance sheet.
Liabilities can be classified into two main categories: current liabilities and long-term liabilities.
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Prepare journal entries to record the following transactions for Sherman Systems.
A. Purchased 7,200 shares of its own common stock at $47 per share on October 11.
B. Sold 1,550 treasury shares on November 1 for $53 cash per share.
C. Sold all remaining treasury shares on November 25 for $42 cash per share.
A. October 11: Debit Treasury Stock $338,400, Credit Cash $338,400
B. November 1: Debit Cash $82,150, Credit Treasury Stock $82,150
C. November 25: Debit Cash $x (depends on the number of remaining treasury shares), Credit Treasury Stock $x
A. On October 11, Sherman Systems purchased its own common stock by debiting Treasury Stock for $338,400 and crediting Cash for the same amount.
B. On November 1, Sherman Systems sold 1,550 treasury shares at $53 per share, resulting in a debit to Cash for $82,150 and a credit to Treasury Stock for the same amount.
C. On November 25, Sherman Systems sold all the remaining treasury shares at $42 per share. The specific debit and credit amounts depend on the number of remaining shares, but Cash will be debited and Treasury Stock will be credited.
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NoGrowth industries presently pays an annual dividend of $3.49 per share and it is expected that these dividend payments will continue indefinitely. If NoGrowth's equity cost of capital is 12%, what is the value of a share of NoGrowth's stock? Round your answer to two decimal places.
The value of a share of NoGrowth's stock, with an annual dividend of $3.49 per share and an equity cost of capital of 12%, is $29.08.
The value of a share of stock can be determined using the dividend discount model (DDM), which calculates the present value of all future dividends. In the case of NoGrowth, the company is expected to pay an annual dividend of $3.49 per share indefinitely.
According to the DDM formula, the value of a stock is calculated as follows:
Stock Value = Dividend / (Cost of Equity - Dividend Growth Rate)
Since NoGrowth is expected to have no growth, the dividend growth rate is zero. Therefore, the formula simplifies to:
Stock Value = Dividend / Cost of Equity
Plugging in the values:
Stock Value = $3.49 / 0.12 = $29.08
Thus, the value of a share of NoGrowth's stock, with an annual dividend of $3.49 per share and an equity cost of capital of 12%, is $29.08, rounded to two decimal places.
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Stock X has a 10% expected return, a beta coefficient of 0.9, and a 35% standard deviation of expected returns. Stock Y has a 12.5% expected return, a beta coefficient of 1.2, and a 25% standard deviation. The risk-free rate is 6%, and the market risk premium is 5%. a. Calculate each stock’s coefficient of variation. b. Which stock is riskier for a diversified investor? c. Calculate each stock’s required rate of return. d. On the basis of the two stocks’ expected and required returns, which stock would be more attractive to a diversified investor? e. Calculate the required return of a portfolio that has $7,500 invested in Stock X and $2,500 invested in Stock Y. f. If the market risk premium increased to 6%, which of the two stocks would have the larger increase in its required return?
The stock with the larger increase in its required return is Stock Y, as its required return increased from 12% to 13.2%.
a. The coefficient of variation (CV) is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of expected returns by the expected return and multiplying by 100.
For Stock X:
CV_X = (Standard Deviation_X / Expected Return_X) * 100
CV_X = (0.35 / 0.10) * 100
CV_X = 350%
For Stock Y:
CV_Y = (Standard Deviation_Y / Expected Return_Y) * 100
CV_Y = (0.25 / 0.125) * 100
CV_Y = 200%
b. The stock with a higher coefficient of variation is considered riskier for a diversified investor. In this case, Stock X has a coefficient of variation of 350%, while Stock Y has a coefficient of variation of 200%. Therefore, Stock X is riskier for a diversified investor.
c. The required rate of return for a stock is calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):
Required Return = Risk-Free Rate + (Beta * Market Risk Premium)
For Stock X:
Required Return_X = 6% + (0.9 * 5%)
Required Return_X = 10.5%
For Stock Y:
Required Return_Y = 6% + (1.2 * 5%)
Required Return_Y = 12%
d. To determine which stock is more attractive to a diversified investor, we compare the expected return to the required return. If the expected return is higher than the required return, the stock is considered more attractive.
For Stock X:
Expected Return_X = 10%
Required Return_X = 10.5%
Expected Return_X < Required Return_X
For Stock Y:
Expected Return_Y = 12.5%
Required Return_Y = 12%
Expected Return_Y > Required Return_Y
Based on the expected and required returns, Stock Y would be more attractive to a diversified investor.
e. To calculate the required return of a portfolio, we need the weights of each stock in the portfolio. In this case, the portfolio has $7,500 invested in Stock X and $2,500 invested in Stock Y.
Required Return_Portfolio = (Weight_X * Required Return_X) + (Weight_Y * Required Return_Y)
Weight_X = $7,500 / ($7,500 + $2,500) = 0.75
Weight_Y = $2,500 / ($7,500 + $2,500) = 0.25
Required Return_Portfolio = (0.75 * 10.5%) + (0.25 * 12%)
Required Return_Portfolio = 9.75%
f. If the market risk premium increased to 6%, we need to recalculate the required returns using the new market risk premium.
For Stock X:
Required Return_X = 6% + (0.9 * 6%)
Required Return_X = 11.4%
For Stock Y:
Required Return_Y = 6% + (1.2 * 6%)
Required Return_Y = 13.2%
The stock with the larger increase in its required return is Stock Y, as its required return increased from 12% to 13.2%.
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The following information related to stock investments of the Aladdin Corp at December 31, 2020 appears below.
Name Cost Market Value
A Corporation $35,000 $41,000
B Corporation 42,000 40,000
C Corporation 20,000 22,000
The balance in the fair value adjustment account prior to the 2020 year-end adjustment was a $2,000 debit balance.
Aladdin Corp holds stock investments in three different corporations (A, B, and C) at the end of 2020. To determine the required fair value adjustment for these investments, you need to compare their market value to their cost.
The Aladdin Corp's stock investments as of December 31, 2020, are as follows: A Corporation with a cost of $35,000 and a market value of $41,000, B Corporation with a cost of $42,000 and a market value of $40,000, and C Corporation with a cost of $20,000 and a market value of $22,000. The fair value adjustment account had a $2,000 debit balance prior to the year-end adjustment.
Based on this information, it appears that Aladdin Corp's stock investments have increased in value overall, with the exception of B Corporation which has decreased in value. The fair value adjustment account being in a debit balance means that the market value of the investments is greater than their cost.
It is important to note that stock investments are subject to market fluctuations and the market value can change rapidly. Investors should regularly review their stock investments and make adjustments as necessary to ensure their portfolio aligns with their investment goals and risk tolerance.
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a variation of bribery that includes significant amounts of money paid to an official in the hopes that the official will illegally help the payer is known as
The variation of bribery that includes significant amounts of money paid to an official in the hopes that the official will illegally help the payer is known as "grand corruption."
Grand corruption refers to corrupt practices at a high level of government or within powerful institutions where large sums of money are involved.
It typically involves high-ranking officials or individuals in positions of authority who misuse their power for personal gain or to benefit others through illicit means.
This form of corruption often entails the payment of substantial bribes or kickbacks to secure favorable treatment, contracts, permits, or other illicit advantages. The aim is to influence or manipulate the decision-making process to gain an unfair advantage or bypass legal requirements.
Grand corruption poses a significant threat to good governance, the rule of law, and economic development. It undermines trust in public institutions, hampers fair competition, and diverts resources away from public services and infrastructure projects, resulting in negative consequences for society as a whole.
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Describe the characteristics that make up the monopoly and
monopolistic competition. Give an example of each
characteristic.
Monopoly and monopolistic competition are two types of market structures that describe the characteristics of the market and the behavior of firms within that market.
Monopoly:
A monopoly is a market structure where there is only one firm producing and selling a particular product or service.
The firm has complete control over the supply of the product or service, and there are no close substitutes.
The firm is able to charge a higher price than its marginal cost because it has no competition.
The firm has significant economies of scale and can produce at a lower cost than smaller firms.
The firm has significant barriers to entry, making it difficult for new firms to enter the market.
An example of a monopoly is a utility company that provides electricity or water to a geographic area.
Monopolistic competition:
Monopolistic competition is a market structure where there are many firms producing similar but not identical products or services.
The firms in this market have some degree of product differentiation, but the differences are not significant enough to prevent customers from switching to a rival firm.
The firms in this market are small and have some degree of market power, but not as much as in a monopoly.
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In 2018, a company reported inventory of $9.816 billion and annual sales of $147.049 billion. Assume 365 days per year and round your answer to one decimal place. What were the days of supply? ____ days
To calculate the days of supply, we need to divide the average inventory by the cost of goods sold per day.
The formula for days of supply is:
Days of Supply = (Average Inventory / Cost of Goods Sold per Day)
First, we need to calculate the cost of goods sold per day by dividing the annual sales by 365 days:
Cost of Goods Sold per Day = Annual Sales / 365
Next, we can substitute the given values into the formula to find the days of supply:
Days of Supply = (Inventory / Cost of Goods Sold per Day)
Days of Supply = (9.816 billion / (147.049 billion / 365))
Evaluating this expression will give us the approximate number of days of supply for the company in 2018.
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in a statistical process control quality initiative, which of the following will not happen if the process standard deviation increases (all else the same)? multiple choice the process will generate more defects. the process will have lower capability index. the process will have wider specification limits. the process will have wider control limits.
In a statistical process control quality initiative, if the process standard deviation increases, the process will have wider control limits.
This means that the range of acceptable variation in the process will increase, allowing for more fluctuations without triggering an alarm. However, this does not necessarily mean that the process will generate more defects or have lower capability index, as these depend on other factors such as the mean and specification limits. It is important to monitor and adjust the control limits regularly to ensure that the process remains within acceptable quality levels. A standard deviation is a measure of the variability of a set of data, indicating how much the data deviates from the mean. Therefore, controlling the standard deviation is crucial in maintaining consistency and predictability in the process. By analyzing and improving the statistical process, organizations can identify and eliminate sources of variability, reduce waste, and increase efficiency and customer satisfaction.
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you are consulting for lucky's, a chain of gas stations. what types of e-commerce opportunities, if any, are relevant to lucky's? could lucky's make use of any internet business models for this opportunity?
E-commerce opportunities that could be relevant to Lucky's, a chain of gas stations, include online ordering and delivery services for convenience store items, digital loyalty programs, and mobile payment options.
These initiatives would provide customers with added convenience and enhance their overall experience.
Lucky's could make use of the internet business model known as "Online-to-Offline" (O2O). This model integrates online platforms with physical stores to drive customer traffic and transactions. Lucky's can leverage their online presence to attract customers through targeted marketing campaigns, online promotions, and personalized offers. They can also implement features like in-app ordering, location-based notifications, and real-time inventory updates to streamline the customer journey and encourage repeat purchases.
Furthermore, Lucky's could explore partnerships with food delivery platforms to offer fuel delivery services, allowing customers to conveniently refuel their vehicles without having to visit a physical gas station. By embracing these e-commerce opportunities and internet business models, Lucky's can expand their reach, attract new customers, and enhance customer loyalty.
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a company has earnings per share of $10 and the market price per common share is $50. what is this company’s price-earnings ratio?\
The company's price-earnings ratio is 5. The price-earnings ratio is calculated by dividing the market price per common share by the earnings per share.
In this case, $50 (market price per common share) divided by $10 (earnings per share) equals 5. Therefore, the company's price-earnings ratio is 5. The company's price-earnings ratio is 5. The price-earnings (P/E) ratio is calculated by dividing the market price per common share by the earnings per share (EPS).
In this case, the market price per common share is $50, and the earnings per share is $10. So, to find the P/E ratio, you would use the following formula: Price-Earnings Ratio = Market Price per Share / Earnings per SharE Price-Earnings Ratio = $50 / $10 Price-Earnings Ratio = 5
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arcia realty co. pays weekly salaries of $17,250 on friday for a five-day workweek ending on that day. question content area a. journalize the necessary adjusting entry at the end of the accounting period, assuming that the period ends on wednesday. blank salaries expense salaries expense
To record the adjusting entry, debit Salaries Expense for $10,350 and credit Salaries Payable for $10,350.
To calculate the necessary adjusting entry, we need to determine the salaries for three days of the workweek (Monday through Wednesday) since the accounting period ends on Wednesday. The total weekly salary is $17,250 for a five-day workweek, so the daily salary expense is $17,250 / 5 = $3,450. For three days, the total salary expense is $3,450 x 3 = $10,350. Journalize the adjusting entry by debiting **Salaries Expense** for $10,350 and crediting **Salaries Payable** for $10,350. This entry ensures that the correct salary expense is reported for the accounting period and accurately reflects the company's liabilities.
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Your company is considering a project with the following after-tax cash flows (in $millions) Outcome Probability (%) t=0 t = 1 t = 2 t=3 t = 4 Good 50 -11 7 7 6 5 So-so 50 -11 1 N 2 2 1 If the outcome is good, the project would open the door to another investment project which would required an outlay of $8 million at the end of Year 3. The new project would then be sold to another company netting $16 million after-tax at the end of Year 4. All cash flows are to be discounted at 8%. Estimate the value of the growth option. $2.70 million $2.02 million $ 1.94 million $2.84 million $1.27 million
The value of the growth option is $2.70 million.
To calculate the value of the growth option, we need to consider the additional cash flows that would occur if the outcome of the project is good. In this case, if the outcome is good, the project would open the door to another investment project with an outlay of $8 million at the end of Year 3. This new project would then be sold for $16 million after-tax at the end of Year 4.
To estimate the value of the growth option, we discount the additional cash flows from the new project back to Year 3 at the discount rate of 8%. The cash flow of $16 million at the end of Year 4 is discounted for one year to Year 3, which gives us the present value of the growth option.
Calculating the present value of the growth option, we find that it is $2.70 million. This represents the additional value that the growth option adds to the project. Therefore, the value of the growth option, in this case, is $2.70 million.
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An investor purchases a 3 year, 5% annual coupon bond at $96.804218 per $100 of par value and sells it 1 year later. The bond's yield-to-maturity goes up from 6.20% to 6.46% after the purchase. What is the realised rate of return?
To calculate the realized rate of return for the investor, we need to consider the purchase price, selling price, and any coupon payments received during the holding period.
Given:
Purchase price of the bond: $96.804218 per $100 of par value
Coupon rate: 5% (annual)
Yield-to-maturity (YTM) before the purchase: 6.20%
Yield-to-maturity (YTM) after the purchase: 6.46%
First, let's determine the coupon payments received during the holding period. Since it is a 3-year bond, the investor will receive coupon payments for the remaining 2 years.
Coupon payment per year = Coupon rate * Par value = 5% * $100 = $5
Total coupon payments received = Coupon payment per year * Number of remaining years = $5 * 2 = $10
Next, let's calculate the selling price of the bond after 1 year. To do this, we need to discount the bond's par value and coupon payments at the new yield-to-maturity (YTM) rate of 6.46%.
Present value of par value after 1 year = Par value / (1 + YTM)^t = $100 / (1 + 6.46%)^1
Present value of coupon payments after 1 year = Coupon payment per year / (1 + YTM)^t + Coupon payment per year / (1 + YTM)^(t+1)
= $5 / (1 + 6.46%)^1 + $5 / (1 + 6.46%)^2
Selling price of the bond after 1 year = Present value of par value after 1 year + Present value of coupon payments after 1 year
Now, we can calculate the realized rate of return using the following formula:
Realized rate of return = (Selling price - Purchase price + Coupon payments) / Purchase price
Substitute the values into the formula and calculate:
Realized rate of return = (Selling price of the bond after 1 year - Purchase price + Total coupon payments received) / Purchase price
After performing the calculations, you will get the realized rate of return for the investor in this particular scenario.
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true or false: creating and implementing a financial action plan is the third step of the financial planning process.
True. Creating and implementing a financial action plan is the third step of the financial planning process, after setting financial goals and assessing one's current financial situation. The financial action plan outlines specific steps to achieve the goals and should include strategies for budgeting, saving, investing, and managing debt.
Creating and implementing a financial action plan is indeed the third step of the financial planning process. Once financial goals have been established and the current financial situation has been assessed, the next crucial step is to develop a detailed plan of action. The financial action plan outlines specific steps and strategies to be taken in order to achieve the established goals. It encompasses various aspects, including budgeting, saving, investing, and managing debt. The plan should provide a clear roadmap, detailing how income will be allocated, expenses will be controlled, savings will be accumulated, investments will be made, and debt will be managed effectively. Implementing this action plan is essential for making progress towards financial goals and improving overall financial well-being.
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How do you think the climate and culture of your work
environment, job responsibilities, and skills affect the outcome of
your hot button response?
The climate and culture of a work environment can significantly impact an employee's performance and motivation. It is essential to create a positive, inclusive, and supportive work environment to promote employee satisfaction, productivity, and overall success.
The climate of the work environment refers to the general atmosphere and mood in the workplace. This includes the physical environment, such as temperature and lighting, and the interpersonal relationships between employees and management. Positive workplace climates are characterized by open communication, mutual respect, and teamwork. A positive climate helps to promote a sense of belonging, fosters creativity and innovation, and reduces stress and burnout.
The culture of the workplace encompasses the shared values, beliefs, and behaviors of employees and management. A strong workplace culture is based on a shared vision, clear goals, and a sense of purpose. A positive workplace culture can lead to increased employee engagement, better communication, and a higher level of job satisfaction. On the other hand, a negative culture can lead to high turnover, low morale, and poor performance.
Overall, it is essential to foster a positive climate and culture in the workplace to create a productive and fulfilling work environment. Employees who feel valued and supported are more likely to be motivated, engaged, and successful.
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