find the area under the standard normal curve over the interval specified below between z= 1 and 2

Answers

Answer 1

The area under the standard normal curve between z = 1 and z = 2 is approximately 0.1359.

To find the area under the standard normal curve between z = 1 and z = 2, we need to calculate the cumulative probability from z = 1 to z = 2.

Using a standard normal distribution table or a statistical software, we can find the corresponding cumulative probabilities for z = 1 and z = 2.

The cumulative probability for z = 1 is approximately 0.8413, and the cumulative probability for z = 2 is approximately 0.9772.

To find the area under the curve between z = 1 and z = 2, we subtract the cumulative probability at z = 1 from the cumulative probability at z = 2:

Area = P(1 ≤ z ≤ 2) = P(z ≤ 2) - P(z ≤ 1) = 0.9772 - 0.8413 = 0.1359

Therefore, the area under the standard normal curve between z = 1 and z = 2 is approximately 0.1359.

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Related Questions

The area of a triangle is 140. The side length is represented by 2x + 1 and a side length of 8. What is the value
of x?

Answers

Hello !

1.1 Formula

area of a triangle = length * width

1.2 Applicationaera = [tex](2x + 1) * 8[/tex]area = 140

2. Solve equation with x

[tex](2x + 1) * 8 = 140\\\\2x*8 + 1*8 = 140\\\\16x + 8 = 140\\\\16x = 140 - 8\\\\16x = 132\\\\x = \frac{132}{16}\\\\\boxed{x = 8,25}[/tex]

3. Conclusion

The value of x is 8,25.

Have a nice day!

Solve the given initial-value problem.
x dy/ dx + y = 2x + 1, y(1) = 9
y(x) =

Answers

Main Answer:The solution to the initial-value problem is:

y(x) = ([tex]x^{2}[/tex] + x + 7) / |x|  

Supporting Question and Answer:

What method can be used to solve the initial-value problem ?

The method of integrating factors can be used to solve the  initial-value problem.

Body of the Solution:To solve the given initial-value problem, we can use the method of integrating factors. The equation

x dy/ dx + y = 2x + 1 can be written as follow :

dy/dx + (1/x) × y = 2 + (1/x)

Comparing this equation with the standard form dy/dx + P(x) × y = Q(x), we have:

P(x) = 1/x and

Q(x) = 2 + (1/x)

The integrating factor (IF) can be found by taking the exponential of the integral of P(x):

IF = exp ∫(1/x) dx

= exp(ln|x|)

= |x|

Multiplying the entire equation by the integrating factor, we get:

|x| dy/dx + y = 2|x| + 1

Now, we can rewrite the left side of the equation as the derivative of the product of the integrating factor and y:

d(|x| y)/dx = 2|x| + 1

Integrating both sides with respect to x:

∫d(|x|y)/dx dx = ∫(2|x| + 1) dx

Integrating, we have:

|x| y = 2∫|x| dx + ∫dx

Since the absolute value function has different definitions depending on the sign of x, we need to consider two cases

For x > 0:

∫|x| dx = ∫x dx

= (1/2)[tex]x^{2}[/tex]

For x < 0:

∫|x| dx = ∫(-x) dx

= (-1/2)[tex]x^{2}[/tex]

So, combining the two cases, we have:

|xy = 2 (1/2)[tex]x^{2}[/tex] + x + C   [ C is the intigrating constant ]

Simplifying the equation:

|x|y =[tex]x^{2}[/tex] + x + C

Now, substituting the initial condition y(1) = 9, we have:

|1|9 = 1^2 + 1 + C

9 = 1 + 1 + C

9 = 2 + C

C = 9 - 2

C = 7

Plugging the value of C back into the equation:

|x|y = [tex]x^{2}[/tex] + x + 7

To find y(x), we divide both sides by |x|:

y = ([tex]x^{2}[/tex] + x + 7) / |x|

Final Answer:Therefore, the solution to the initial-value problem is:

y(x) = ([tex]x^{2}[/tex] + x + 7) / |x|  

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The solution to the initial-value problem is: y(x) = ( + x + 7) / |x|  

What method can be used to solve the initial-value problem?

The method of integrating factors can be used to solve the  initial-value problem.

To solve the given initial-value problem, we can use the method of integrating factors. The equation

x dy/ dx + y = 2x + 1 can be written as follow :

dy/dx + (1/x) × y = 2 + (1/x)

Comparing this equation with the standard form dy/dx + P(x) × y = Q(x), we have:

P(x) = 1/x and

Q(x) = 2 + (1/x)

The integrating factor (IF) can be found by taking the exponential of the integral of P(x):

IF = exp ∫(1/x) dx

= exp(ln|x|)

= |x|

Multiplying the entire equation by the integrating factor, we get:

|x| dy/dx + y = 2|x| + 1

Now, we can rewrite the left side of the equation as the derivative of the product of the integrating factor and y:

d(|x| y)/dx = 2|x| + 1

Integrating both sides with respect to x:

∫d(|x|y)/dx dx = ∫(2|x| + 1) dx

Integrating, we have:

|x| y = 2∫|x| dx + ∫dx

Since the absolute value function has different definitions depending on the sign of x, we need to consider two cases

For x > 0:

∫|x| dx = ∫x dx

= (1/2)

For x < 0:

∫|x| dx = ∫(-x) dx

= (-1/2)

So, combining the two cases, we have:

|xy = 2 (1/2) + x + C   [ C is the intigrating constant ]

Simplifying the equation:

|x|y = + x + C

Now, substituting the initial condition y(1) = 9, we have:

|1|9 = 1^2 + 1 + C

9 = 1 + 1 + C

9 = 2 + C

C = 9 - 2

C = 7

Plugging the value of C back into the equation:

|x|y =  + x + 7

To find y(x), we divide both sides by |x|:

y = ( + x + 7) / |x|

Therefore, the solution to the initial-value problem is:

y(x) = ( + x + 7) / |x|  

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A convenience store owner believes that the median number of newspapers sold per day is 67. A random sample of 20 days yields the data below. Find the critical value to test the ownerʹs hypothesis. Use α = 0.05.
50 66 77 82 49 73 88 45 51 56
65 72 72 62 62 67 67 77 72 56
A) 4 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5

Answers

To test the owner's hypothesis, we need to perform a hypothesis test using the given sample data. We are given that the owner believes that the median number of newspapers sold per day is 67. The answer is option (c).

This will be our null hypothesis:
[tex]H_0[/tex]: The median number of newspapers sold per day is 67.
Our alternative hypothesis will be that the median is not equal to 67:
[tex]H_a[/tex]: The median number of newspapers sold per day is not equal to 67.
Since we are dealing with a median, we will use a non-parametric test, specifically the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. To perform this test, we need to calculate the signed-ranks for each observation in the sample. We can do this by first ranking the absolute differences between each observation and the hypothesized median of 67:
|50-67| = 17
|66-67| = 1
|77-67| = 10
|82-67| = 15
|49-67| = 18
|73-67| = 6
|88-67| = 21
|45-67| = 22
|51-67| = 16
|56-67| = 11
|65-67| = 2
|72-67| = 5
|72-67| = 5
|62-67| = 5
|62-67| = 5
|67-67| = 0
|67-67| = 0
|77-67| = 10
|72-67| = 5
|56-67| = 11

We then assign each signed-rank a positive or negative sign based on whether the observation is greater than or less than the hypothesized median. Observations that are equal to the hypothesized median are given a signed-rank of 0:

-17 +
-1 +
-10 -
-15 -
-18 +
-6 +
-21 -
-22 -
-16 +
-11 +
2 -
5 -
5 -
5 -
5 -
0
0
-10 -
-5 -
11 +

We then calculate the sum of the signed-ranks, which in this case is -52. We can use this sum to find the critical value for the test at the 0.05 level of significance. For a two-tailed test with n=20, the critical value is 3. Therefore, our answer is (C) 3. If the absolute value of the sum of the signed-ranks is greater than or equal to this critical value, we would reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is evidence to suggest that the median number of newspapers sold per day is different from 67.

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A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled standard deck of cards. What is the probability of drawing a spade?

Answers

Answer:

Probability of the card drawn is a card of spade or an Ace: 5213+ 524 − 521 = 5216= 134

Step-by-step explanation:

ST || UW. find SW
VU-15
VW-16
TU-30
SW-?

Answers

The Length of SW is 32.

The length of SW, we can use the properties of parallel lines and triangles.

ST is parallel to UW, we can use the corresponding angles formed by the parallel lines to establish similarity between triangles STU and SWV.

Using the similarity of triangles STU and SWV, we can set up the following proportion:

SW/TU = WV/UT

Substituting the given values, we have:

SW/30 = 16/15

To find SW, we can cross-multiply and solve for SW:

SW = (30 * 16) / 15

Calculating the value, we have:

SW = 32

Therefore, the length of SW is 32.

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what circulatory system structure do the check valves represent? what is their function in the circulatory system?

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The check valves in the circulatory system represent the function of heart valves. Heart valves are the circulatory system structures that act as check valves.

Their main function is to ensure the unidirectional flow of blood through the heart and prevent backward flow or regurgitation. They open and close in response to pressure changes during the cardiac cycle to facilitate the proper flow of blood through the heart chambers and blood vessels. By opening and closing at the right time, heart valves help maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of blood circulation by preventing the backflow of blood and ensuring that blood moves forward through the heart and into the appropriate vessels.

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Question 1 Use the method of Laplace transform to find the solution to y'() - y(t) 26 sin(5t) where y(0) = 0. [4]

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The given differential equation is y'(t) - y(t) = 26sin(5t) with initial condition y(0) = 0. Therefore, the solution of the differential equation is y(t) = (2/25)sin(5t) - (1/25)cos(5t) + (1/5)sin(5t).

To solve this differential equation by Laplace transform, we will follow the following steps:

Step 1: Take the Laplace transform of both sides of the differential equation.

Step 2: Simplify the equation by using the properties of the Laplace transform.

Step 3: Express the equation in terms of Y(s).

Step 4: Take the inverse Laplace transform to find the solution y(t).

Laplace transform of y'(t) - y(t) = 26sin(5t)L{y'(t)} - L{y(t)} = L{26sin(5t)}sY(s) - y(0) - Y(s) = 26/[(s^2 + 25)]sY(s) - 0 - Y(s) = 26/[(s^2 + 25)] + Y(s)Y(s)[1 - 1/(s^2 + 25)] = 26/[(s^2 + 25)]Y(s) = 26/[(s^2 + 25)(s^2 + 25)] + 1/(s^2 + 25).

Taking inverse Laplace transform, y(t) = L^-1{26/[(s^2 + 25)(s^2 + 25)] + 1/(s^2 + 25)}

On solving, we get y(t) = (2/25)sin(5t) - (1/25)cos(5t) + (1/5)sin(5t)

Thus, the solution of the differential equation is y(t) = (2/25)sin(5t) - (1/25)cos(5t) + (1/5)sin(5t).

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In each part, show that the set of vectors is not a basis for R^3. (a) {(2, -3, 1), (4, 1, 1), (0, -7, 1)}
(b) {(1, 6,4), (2, 4, -1), (1, 2, 5)}

Answers

A) The set is linearly dependent, it cannot be a basis for R^3.

B) The set is linearly dependent, it cannot form a basis for R^3.

To determine if a set of vectors is a basis for R^3, we need to check two conditions: linear independence and spanning.

(a) Let's check if the set {(2, -3, 1), (4, 1, 1), (0, -7, 1)} is a basis for R^3.

To test for linear independence, we set up the following equation:

c1(2, -3, 1) + c2(4, 1, 1) + c3(0, -7, 1) = (0, 0, 0)

Expanding this equation, we get the following system of equations:

2c1 + 4c2 + 0c3 = 0

-3c1 + c2 - 7c3 = 0

c1 + c2 + c3 = 0

To solve this system, we can set up an augmented matrix and row-reduce it:

[2 4 0 | 0]

[-3 1 -7 | 0]

[1 1 1 | 0]

After row-reduction, we obtain:

[1 0 3 | 0]

[0 1 -1 | 0]

[0 0 0 | 0]

The row-reduced matrix indicates that the system has infinitely many solutions. Therefore, there exist non-zero values for c1, c2, and c3 that satisfy the equation. Hence, the vectors are linearly dependent.

Since the set is linearly dependent, it cannot be a basis for R^3.

(b) Let's check if the set {(1, 6, 4), (2, 4, -1), (1, 2, 5)} is a basis for R^3.

Again, we test for linear independence by setting up the following equation:

c1(1, 6, 4) + c2(2, 4, -1) + c3(1, 2, 5) = (0, 0, 0)

Expanding this equation, we get the following system of equations:

c1 + 2c2 + c3 = 0

6c1 + 4c2 + 2c3 = 0

4c1 - c2 + 5c3 = 0

We can set up the augmented matrix and row-reduce it:

[1 2 1 | 0]

[6 4 2 | 0]

[4 -1 5 | 0]

After row-reduction, we obtain:

[1 0 1 | 0]

[0 1 -1 | 0]

[0 0 0 | 0]

The row-reduced matrix also indicates that the system has infinitely many solutions. Hence, the vectors are linearly dependent.

Since the set is linearly dependent, it cannot form a basis for R^3.

In conclusion, both sets of vectors in parts (a) and (b) are not bases for R^3 due to linear dependence.

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Find the missing angle measure.

Answers

Answer:

∠KIJ = [tex]45.8[/tex]°

Step-by-step explanation:

The measure of a straight line is 180°.This means that we simple have to subtract 134.2° from 180°:

[tex]180-134.2=45.8[/tex]°

Given is the differential equation dy/dt = (y – 1)3, where the particle position along the y-axis is time dependent, y = y(t). At time to = 0s, the position should have the value yo = 0 m. Use the Euler method with h = At = 0.2s to calculate the next two positions yı = = - and y2 = 2. Apply the fourth order Runge-Kutta method to the differential equation dy/dt = (y – 1)3. At time to = 0s, the position should have the value yo = 0m. Use a time step of h = At = 0.2s to calculate the next two positions yi and y2. =

Answers

The Euler method with h = At

= 0.2s is used to calculate the next two positions y1 and y2. The fourth order Runge-Kutta method is applied to the differential equation dy/dt = (y – 1)3. At time to = 0s, the position should have the value yo

= 0m. Using a time step of h

= At

= 0.2s

Using the Euler's method, we can calculate the next two positions y1 and y2: For i = 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8, and 1, we have: t    0    0.2    0.4    0.6    0.8    1y(t)    0      0.16   0.507  1.181   2.143   3.439 Therefore, the next two positions using the Euler method are y1 = 0.16 and y2

= 0.507. Runge-Kutta's method: Using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method   k1      k2      k3      k4      yi+1  0    0       0     0.0008   0.001065   0.001403   0.000785   0.0008030.2  0.2  0.000803 0.001106 0.001462 0.001889 0.0016180.4  0.4  0.001618 0.002166 0.002850 0.003703 0.0030320.6  0.6  0.003032 0.004122 0.005444 0.007118 0.0059530.8  0.8  0.005953 0.007981 0.010602 0.013890 0.0117051    1    0.011705 0.015692 0.020812 0.027123 0.022504.

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if a=i 1j ka=i 1j k and b=i 3j kb=i 3j k, find a unit vector with positive first coordinate orthogonal to both aa and bb.

Answers

The unit vector with a positive first coordinate orthogonal to both aa and bb is (-j + 2k) / sqrt(5).

To find a unit vector with a positive first coordinate that is orthogonal to both vectors aa and bb, we can use the cross product. The cross product of two vectors yields a vector that is orthogonal to both of the original vectors.

Let's first find the cross product of the vectors aa and bb:

aa × bb = |i 1j k |

|1 1 0 |

|i 3j k |

To calculate the cross product, we expand the determinant as follows:

= (1 * k - 0 * 3j)i - (1 * k - 0 * i)j + (1 * 3j - 1 * k)k

= k - 0j - kj + 3j - 1k

= -j + 2k

The resulting vector of the cross product is -j + 2k.

To obtain a unit vector with a positive first coordinate, we divide the vector by its magnitude. The magnitude of a vector v = (x, y, z) is given by ||v|| = sqrt(x^2 + y^2 + z^2).

Let's calculate the magnitude of the vector -j + 2k:

||-j + 2k|| = sqrt(0^2 + (-1)^2 + 2^2)

= sqrt(0 + 1 + 4)

= sqrt(5)

Now, we can obtain the unit vector by dividing the vector -j + 2k by its magnitude:

(-j + 2k) / ||-j + 2k|| = (-j + 2k) / sqrt(5)

This is the unit vector with a positive first coordinate that is orthogonal to both aa and bb.

In summary, the unit vector with a positive first coordinate orthogonal to both aa and bb is (-j + 2k) / sqrt(5).

Note: The given values for vectors aa and bb are not explicitly stated in the question, so I have assumed their values based on the given information. Please provide the specific values for aa and bb if they differ from the assumed values.

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Given the following functions, evaluate each of the following: f(x) = x² + 6x + 5 g(x) = x + 1 (f + g)(3) = (f- g)(3)= (f.g)(3) =
(f/g) (3)=

Answers

We need to evaluate the expressions (f + g)(3), (f - g)(3), (f * g)(3), and (f / g)(3) using the given functions f(x) = x² + 6x + 5 and g(x) = x + 1.

   Evaluate (f + g)(3):

   Substitute x = 3 into f(x) and g(x), and then add the results:

   f(3) = (3)² + 6(3) + 5 = 9 + 18 + 5 = 32

   g(3) = 3 + 1 = 4

   (f + g)(3) = f(3) + g(3) = 32 + 4 = 36

   Evaluate (f - g)(3):

   Substitute x = 3 into f(x) and g(x), and then subtract the results:

   f(3) = (3)² + 6(3) + 5 = 9 + 18 + 5 = 32

   g(3) = 3 + 1 = 4

   (f - g)(3) = f(3) - g(3) = 32 - 4 = 28

   Evaluate (f * g)(3):

   Substitute x = 3 into f(x) and g(x), and then multiply the results:

   f(3) = (3)² + 6(3) + 5 = 9 + 18 + 5 = 32

   g(3) = 3 + 1 = 4

   (f * g)(3) = f(3) * g(3) = 32 * 4 = 128

   Evaluate (f / g)(3):

   Substitute x = 3 into f(x) and g(x), and then divide the results:

   f(3) = (3)² + 6(3) + 5 = 9 + 18 + 5 = 32

   g(3) = 3 + 1 = 4

   (f / g)(3) = f(3) / g(3) = 32 / 4 = 8

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8. a. Determine the position equation s(t) = at² + vot + so for an object with the given heights moving vertically at the specified times. Att 1 second, s = 132 feet At t = 2 seconds, s = 100 feet Att = 3 seconds, s = 36 feet b. What is the height, to the nearest foot, at t=2.5 seconds? c. At what time, to the nearest second, would the object hit the ground?

Answers

8a).  To determine the position equation s(t) = at² + vot + so for an object with the given heights moving vertically at the specified times, the first thing to do is to determine the values of a, vo, and so in the given equation.

The letters, a, vo, and so, represent the acceleration due to gravity, initial velocity and initial displacement, respectively. Using the equation, s = at² + vot + so; where s represents height, and t represents time;

Therefore, s₁ = 132 feet at t₁ = 1 seconds; Using the equation, [tex]s = at² + vot + so;132 = a(1)² + vo(1) + so........(1)Also, s₂ = 100 feet at t₂ = 2 seconds; Using the equation, s = at² + vot + so;100 = a(2)² + vo(2) + so.......[/tex].

(2)Finally, s₃ = 36 feet at t₃ = 3 seconds; Using the equation, s = at² + vot + so;36 = a(3)² + vo(3) + so........(3)Solving equations (1) to (3) simultaneously; a = -16; v o = 80; and so = 68Therefore, substituting a, vo, and so into the equation, [tex]s(t) = -16t² + 80t + 68; 8b)[/tex]

Therefore, substituting s = 0 into the equation, [tex]s(t) = -16t² + 80t + 68; 0 = -16t² + 80t + 68;[/tex] Simplifying the quadratic equation [tex]above; 2t² - 10t - 17 = 0[/tex];Using the quadratic formula, [tex]t = (-(-10) ± √((-10)² - 4(2)(-17))) / (2(2)) = 2.03[/tex]seconds (to the nearest second).Therefore, at about 2.03 seconds, the object would hit the ground.

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For the following exercises, use the definition of a logarithm to solve the equation. 6 log,3a = 15

Answers

We need to solve for a using the definition of a logarithm. First, we need to recall the definition of a logarithm.

The given equation is 6 log3 a = 15.

We can rewrite this in exponential form as: x = by

Now, coming back to the given equation, we have:

6 log3 a = 15

We want to isolate a on one side, so we divide both sides by 6:

log3 a = 15/6

Using the definition of a logarithm, we can write this as:

3^(15/6) = a Simplifying this expression, we get:

3^(5/2) = a

Thus, the solution of the given equation is a = 3^(5/2).

Using the definition of a logarithm, the solution of the given equation is a = 3^(5/2).

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A doctor at a local hospital is interested in estimating the birth weight of infants. How large a sample must she select if she desires to be 99% confident that her estimate is within 2 ounces of the true mean? Assume that s = 7 ounces based on earlier studies.

Answers

Rounding up to the nearest whole number, the doctor would need to select a sample size of at least 82 infants to estimate their birth weight with a 99% confidence level and a maximum allowable error of 2 ounces.

To determine the sample size needed to estimate the birth weight of infants with a desired level of confidence, we can use the formula for sample size estimation in a confidence interval for a population mean:

n = (Z * σ / E)^2

Where:

n = sample size

Z = Z-score corresponding to the desired level of confidence (in this case, 99% confidence)

σ = population standard deviation

E = maximum allowable error (in this case, 2 ounces)

Given that the doctor desires a 99% confidence level and the standard deviation (σ) is 7 ounces, we need to find the corresponding Z-score.

The Z-score corresponding to a 99% confidence level can be found using a standard normal distribution table or calculator. For a 99% confidence level, the Z-score is approximately 2.576.

Plugging in the values into the formula:

n = (2.576 * 7 / 2)^2

Calculating the expression:

n = (18.032 / 2)^2

n = 9.016^2

n ≈ 81.327

It's important to note that the sample size estimation assumes a normal distribution of birth weights and that the standard deviation obtained from earlier studies is representative of the population. Additionally, the estimate assumes that there are no other sources of bias or error in the sampling process. The actual sample size may vary depending on these factors and the doctor's specific requirements.

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Find the radius of convergence of the power series. (If you need to use oo or -00, enter INFINITY or -INFINITY, respectively.) [infinity] Σ n = 0 (-1)" xn /6n

Answers

The radius of convergence of the power series ∑n=0 (-1)^n xn /6n is 6.

The radius of convergence represents the distance from the center of the power series to the nearest point where the series converges. In this case, the power series is centered at x = 0. To find the radius of convergence, we can use the ratio test, which states that for a power series ∑an(x - c)^n, the radius of convergence is given by the limit of |an/an+1| as n approaches infinity.

In this power series, the nth term is given by (-1)^n xn / 6n. Applying the ratio test, we have |((-1)^(n+1) x^(n+1) / 6^(n+1)) / ((-1)^n xn / 6n)|. Simplifying this expression, we get |(-x/6)(n+1)/n|. Taking the limit as n approaches infinity, we find that the absolute value of this expression converges to |x/6|.

For the series to converge, the absolute value of x/6 must be less than 1, which means |x| < 6. Therefore, the radius of convergence is 6.

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What is an equivalent expression for 4-2x+5x

Answers

Answer:

that would be 2x+5x

Step-by-step explanation:

because 4 -2 = 2x+5x

just ad the rest to the answer , hope this helps :).

Answer

[tex]\boldsymbol{4+3x}[/tex]

Step-by-step explanation

In order to simplify this expression, we add like terms:

4 - 2x + 5x

4 + 3x

These two aren't like terms so we can't add them.

answer : 4 + 3x

known T :R^3 -> R^3 is linear operator defined by
T(x₁, x2, x3) = (3x₁ + x2, −2x₁ − 4x2 + 3x3, 5x₁ + 4x₂ − 2x3)
find whether T is one to one, if so find T-1(u1,u2,u3)

Answers

Here given a linear operator T: R^3 -> R^3 defined by T(x₁, x₂, x₃) = (3x₁ + x₂, -2x₁ - 4x₂ + 3x₃, 5x₁ + 4x₂ - 2x₃). To determine if T is one-to-one, need to check if T(x) = T(y) implies x = y for any vectors x and y in R^3.

To determine if T is one-to-one, then need to check if T(x) = T(y) implies x = y for any vectors x = (x₁, x₂, x₃) and y = (y₁, y₂, y₃) in R^3.

Let's consider T(x) = T(y) and expand the equation:

(3x₁ + x₂, -2x₁ - 4x₂ + 3x₃, 5x₁ + 4x₂ - 2x₃) = (3y₁ + y₂, -2y₁ - 4y₂ + 3y₃, 5y₁ + 4y₂ - 2y₃)

By comparing the corresponding components, to obtain the following system of equations:

3x₁ + x₂ = 3y₁ + y₂ (1)

-2x₁ - 4x₂ + 3x₃ = -2y₁ - 4y₂ + 3y₃ (2)

5x₁ + 4x₂ - 2x₃ = 5y₁ + 4y₂ - 2y₃ (3)

To determine if T is one-to-one,  need to show that this system of equations has a unique solution, implying that x = y. It can solve this system using methods such as Gaussian elimination or matrix algebra. If the system has a unique solution, then T is one-to-one; otherwise, it is not.

If T is one-to-one, we can find its inverse, T^(-1), by  the equation T(x) = (u₁, u₂, u₃) for x. The equation will give us the formula for T^(-1)(u₁, u₂, u₃), which represents the inverse of T.

To find the specific values of T^(-1)(u₁, u₂, u₃), it need to solve the system of equations obtained by equating the components of T(x) and (u₁, u₂, u₃) and finding the values of x₁, x₂, and x₃.

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Using definite and indefinite integration, solve the problems in
sub-tasks
(b) At time t = 0 seconds, an 80 V d.c. supply (V) is connected across a coil of inductance 4 H (L) and resistance 102 (R). Growth of current (2) in the inductance is given by the formula: V R {(1 - e

Answers

The total charge passing through the circuit in the time period from t = 0.3 to t = 1 second is approximately 45.234 Coulombs.

Given:

V = 80V

L = 4H

R = 10 ohms

To find the total charge passing through the circuit in the period t = 0.3 to t = 1 seconds,  integrate the current function with respect to time over that interval.

The current is given by the formula:

i = V/R x (1 - e[tex]^{-R/L t}[/tex])

To find the total charge, which is the integral of current with respect to time over the interval [0.3, 1].

Total charge = [tex]\int\limits^1_{0.3}[/tex] V/R x (1 - e[tex]^{-R/L t}[/tex]) [tex]dt[/tex]

Since V/R, R, and L are constant value and pull them out of the integral:

Total charge = (V/R) X  [tex]\int\limits^1_{0.3}[/tex]   (1 - e[tex]^{-R/L t}[/tex]) [tex]dt[/tex]

Integrating the first term is straightforward:

(V/R) x [tex]\int\limits^1_{0.3}[/tex]   (1)  [tex]dt[/tex] =  (V/R) x [t] [tex]|^{1}_{0.3 }[/tex]

= (V/R) x (1 - 0.3)

= 0.7 x (V/R)

For the second term,  use the substitution u = -R/L x t:

Let u = -R/L x t

Then [tex]du[/tex] = -R/L [tex]dt[/tex]

And   [tex]dt[/tex] = -L/R [tex]du[/tex]

To find the limits of integration for u. Substituting t = 0.3 and t = 1 into the equation u = -R/L x t:

u(0.3) = -R/L x 0.3

u(1) = -R/L x 1

Substituting these limits into the integral and the integral becomes:

(V/R) X  [tex]\int\limits^1_{0.3}[/tex]   (1 - e[tex]^{-R/L t}[/tex]) [tex]dt[/tex] =  (V/R) X  [tex]\int\limits^1_{0.3}[/tex]   ( e[tex]^{-R/L t}[/tex]) [tex]dt[/tex]

= -(V/L) x  [tex]\int\limits^{-R/L}_{0.3R/L}[/tex]   ( e[tex]^{\frac{u}{1} }[/tex]) [tex]du[/tex]

integrate e[tex]^{\frac{u}{1} }[/tex] with respect to u:

= -(V/L) x [e[tex]^{\frac{u}{1} }[/tex]]  [tex]|^{-R/L}_{0.3R/L }[/tex]

= -(V/L) x  (e[tex]^{-R/L}[/tex] - e[tex]^{0.3R/L}[/tex])

Combining both terms, the total charge passing through the circuit is:

Total charge Q = 0.7 x (V/R) - (V/L) x (e[tex]^{-R/L}[/tex] - e[tex]^{0.3R/L}[/tex])

Substituting the given values:

Total charge Q = 0.7 x (80/10) - (80/4) x (e[tex]^{-10/4}[/tex] - e[tex]^{3/4}[/tex])

Substituting e[tex]^{-10/4}[/tex] ≈ 0.1353, e[tex]^{3/4}[/tex] ≈ 2.1170 and calculating the result will give the total charge passing through the circuit in the specified time period.

Total charge = 0.7 x 8 - 20 x (0.1353 - 2.1170)

Total charge = 45.234

Therefore, the total charge passing through the circuit in the time period from t = 0.3 to t = 1 second is approximately 45.234 Coulombs.

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Consider the following system, Y" = f(x), y(0) + y'(0) = 0; y(1) = 0, and a. Find it's Green's function. b. Find the solution of this system if f(x) = x^2

Answers

a) The Green's function for the given system is G(x, ξ) = (x - ξ). b) y(x) = ∫[0,1] (x - ξ)ξ.ξ dξ is the solution.

To find the Green's function for the given system Y" = f(x), y(0) + y'(0) = 0, y(1) = 0, we can use the method of variation of parameters. Let's denote the Green's function as G(x, ξ).

a. Find the Green's function:

To find G(x, ξ), we assume the solution to the homogeneous equation is y_h(x) = A(x)y_1(x) + B(x)y_2(x), where y_1(x) and y_2(x) are the solutions of the homogeneous equation Y" = 0, and A(x) and B(x) are functions to be determined.

The solutions of the homogeneous equation are y_1(x) = 1 and y_2(x) = x.

Using the boundary conditions y(0) + y'(0) = 0 and y(1) = 0, we can determine the coefficients A(x) and B(x) as follows:

y_h(0) + y'_h(0) = A(0)y_1(0) + B(0)y_2(0) + (A'(0)y_1(0) + B'(0)y_2(0)) = 0

A(0) + B(0) = 0 (Equation 1)

y_h(1) = A(1)y_1(1) + B(1)y_2(1) = 0

A(1) + B(1) = 0 (Equation 2)

Solving Equations 1 and 2 simultaneously, we find A(0) = B(0) = 1 and A(1) = -B(1) = -1.

The Green's function G(x, ξ) is then given by:

G(x, ξ) = (1 * x_2(ξ) - x * 1) / (W(x))

= (x - ξ) / (W(x))

where W(x) is the Wronskian of the solutions y_1(x) and y_2(x), given by:

W(x) = y_1(x)y'_2(x) - y'_1(x)y_2(x)

= 1 * 1 - 0 * x

= 1

Therefore, the Green's function for the given system is G(x, ξ) = (x - ξ).

b. Find the solution of the system if f(x) = [tex]x^{2}[/tex]:

To find the solution y(x) for the non-homogeneous equation Y" = f(x) using the Green's function, we can use the formula:

y(x) = ∫[0,1] G(x, ξ) * f(ξ) dξ

Substituting f(x) = [tex]x^{2}[/tex] and G(x, ξ) = (x - ξ), we have:

y(x) = ∫[0,1] (x - ξ) * ξ.ξ dξ

Evaluating this integral, we obtain the solution for the given system when f(x) = [tex]x^{2}[/tex].

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Volume of a cone: V = 1
3
Bh

A cone with a height of 9 feet and diameter of 10 feet.

Answer the questions about the cone.

V = 1
3
Bh

What is the radius of the cone?

ft
What is the area of the base of the cone?

Pi feet squared
What is the volume of the cone?

Pi feet cubed

Answers

The radius of the cone given the diameter is 5 feet.

The area of the base of the cone is 25π square feet

The volume of the cone is 75π cubic feet.

What is the radius of the cone?

Volume of a cone: V = 1/3Bh

Height of the cone = 9 feet

Diameter of the cone = 10 feet

Radius of the cone = diameter / 2

= 10/2

= 5 feet

Area of the base of the cone = πr²

= π × 5²

= π × 25

= 25π squared feet

Volume of a cone: V = 1/3Bh

= 1/3 × 25π × 9

= 225π/3

= 75π cubic feet

Hence, the volume of the cone is 75π cubic feet

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Answer:

5, 25, 75

Proof:

The ratio of boys to girls in a swimming lesson is 3:7. If there are 20 children in total, how many boys are there?

Answers

Answer:

6

Step-by-step explanation:

ratio is 3 parts boys to 7 parts girls = 10 parts total.

boys make up 3/10 of the total.

20 children.

so boys = (3/10) X 20 = 60/10 = 6.

A particle moves along line segments from the origin to the points (1, 0, 0), (1, 3, 1), (0, 3, 1), and back to the origin under the influence of the force field F(x, y, z) = z2i + 4xyj + 2y2k.

Answers

Summing up the work done along each segment, the total work done by the force field on the particle is 12 + 5 + 6 = 23 units.

The total work done by the force field on the particle can be calculated by evaluating the line integral of the force field along each segment of the path and summing them up.

Along the first segment from the origin to (1, 0, 0), the force field F(x, y, z) = z^2i + 4xyj + 2y^2k evaluates to zero. Therefore, no work is done along this segment.

Along the second segment from (1, 0, 0) to (1, 3, 1), the force field is F(x, y, z) = t^2i + 12tj + 18t^2k, where t ranges from 0 to 1. Integrating this force field along the path, we find that the work done along this segment is 12 units.

Along the third segment from (1, 3, 1) to (0, 3, 1), the force field is F(x, y, z) = i + 12(1 - t)j, and integrating this force field yields a work done of 5 units.

Finally, along the fourth segment from (0, 3, 1) back to the origin, the force field is F(x, y, z) = (1 - t)^2i + 18(1 - t)^2k, which, when integrated, results in a work done of 6 units.

Summing up the work done along each segment, the total work done by the force field on the particle is 12 + 5 + 6 = 23 units.

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(1+tanx/1-tanx)+(1+cotx/1-cotx)=0

Answers

The expression (1 + tanx / 1 - tanx) + (1 + cotx / 1 - cotx) = 0 is true

How do i prove that (1 + tanx / 1 - tanx) + (1 + cotx / 1 - cotx) = 0?

We can prove that the expression (1 + tanx / 1 - tanx) + (1 + cotx / 1 - cotx) = 0 as illustrated below:

Consider the left hand side, LHS

Multiply (1 + cotx / 1 - cotx) by (tanx / tanx), we have:

(1 + tanx / 1 - tanx) + (1 + cotx / 1 - cotx) × (tan x / tan x)

(1 + tanx / 1 - tanx) + (tanx + cotxtanx / tanx - cotxtanx)

Recall,

cotx = 1/tanx

Thus, we have

(1 + tanx / 1 - tanx) + (tanx + 1 / tanx - 1)

Rearrange

(1 + tanx / 1 - tanx) + (1 + tanx / -1 + tanx)

(1 + tanx / 1 - tanx) + (1 + tanx / -(1 - tanx)

(1 + tanx / 1 - tanx) - (1 + tanx / 1 - tanx) = 0

Thus,

LHS = 0

But,

Right hand side, RHS = 0

Thus,

LHS = RHS = 0

Therefore, we can say that the expression (1 + tanx / 1 - tanx) + (1 + cotx / 1 - cotx) = 0, is true

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Complete question:

Prove that (1 + tanx / 1 - tanx) + (1 + cotx / 1 - cotx) = 0







10 cards numbered from 11 to 20 are placed in a box. A card is picked at random from the box. Find the probability of picking a number that is a. Even and divisible by 3 b. Even or divisible by 3

Answers

The two criteria are: a) the number is even and divisible by 3, and b) the number is either even or divisible by 3.

a. A find the probability of picking a card that is even and divisible by 3, we need to determine the number of cards that meet this criteria and divide it by the total number of cards. In this case, there is only one card that satisfies both conditions: 12. Therefore, the probability is 1/10 or 0.1.

b. To find the probability of picking a card that is either even or divisible by 3, we need to determine the number of cards that fulfill at least one of these conditions and divide it by the total number of cards. There are six cards that are even (12, 14, 16, 18, and 20) and three cards that are divisible by 3 (12, 15, and 18). However, the card number 12 is counted twice since it satisfies both conditions. Thus, there are eight distinct cards that fulfill at least one condition. Therefore, the probability is 8/10 or 0.8.

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Write a sequence of Transformations that takes The figure in Quadrant II to Quandrant IV. PLEASE HELP I WILL MARK YOU BRAINLIEST

Answers

Answer:

To transform a figure from Quadrant II to Quadrant IV, we need to reflect it across the x-axis and then rotate it 180 degrees counterclockwise. Therefore, the sequence of transformations is:

Reflect the figure across the x-axis

Rotate the reflected figure 180 degrees counterclockwise

Note: It's important to perform the transformations in this order since rotating the figure first would change its orientation before the reflection.

the life length of light bulbs manufactured by a company is normally distributed with a mean of 1000 hours and a standard deviation of 200 hours. what life length in hours is exceeded by 95/5% of the light bulbs

Answers

The life length in hours is exceeded by 95/5% of the light bulbs is 1329 hours.

To find the life length in hours that is exceeded by 95% of the light bulbs, we need to determine the corresponding z-score for the 95th percentile and use it to calculate the value.

Since the distribution is assumed to be normal, we can use the standard normal distribution (z-distribution) to find the z-score. The z-score represents the number of standard deviations an observation is above or below the mean.

To find the z-score corresponding to the 95th percentile, we look for the z-value that corresponds to a cumulative probability of 0.95. This value can be obtained from standard normal distribution tables or using a statistical software/tool.

For a cumulative probability of 0.95, the corresponding z-score is approximately 1.645.

Once we have the z-score, we can calculate the exceeded life length as follows:

Exceeded life length = Mean + (Z-score * Standard deviation)

Exceeded life length = 1000 + (1.645 * 200)

Exceeded life length ≈ 1000 + 329

Exceeded life length ≈ 1329 hours

Therefore, approximately 95% of the light bulbs will have a life length that exceeds 1329 hours.

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a bitmap is a grid of square colored dots, called

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

A bitmap is a digital image format that is made up of a grid of square colored dots called pixels.

Each pixel in the bitmap contains information about its color and position, which allows the computer to display the image on a screen or print it on paper. Bitmaps are commonly used for photographs, illustrations, and other complex images that require a high degree of detail and color accuracy.

However, because bitmaps store information for each individual pixel, they can be memory-intensive and may result in large file sizes. Additionally, resizing a bitmap can lead to a loss of quality, as the computer must either interpolate or discard pixels to adjust the image size.

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Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve when x has the given value. f(x) = x^3/4; x=4 . A. y = 12x - 32 OB. y = 4x + 32 O C. y = 32x + 12 OD. y = 4x - 32

Answers

The equation of the tangent line to the curve f(x) = x^3/4 when x = 4 is:

                    y = (3/8)x + 5/2.

Hence, the answer is Option A: y = 12x - 32.

To find the equation of the tangent line to the curve, we first find the derivative and then substitute the given value of x into the derivative to find the slope of the tangent line.

Then, we use the point-slope formula to find the equation of the tangent line.

Let's go through each step one by one.

1. Find the derivative of f(x) = x^3/4:

                      f'(x) = (3/4)x^(3/4 - 1)

                             = (3/4)x^-1/4

                            = 3/(4x^(1/4))

2. Find the slope of the tangent line when x = 4:

                f'(4) = 3/(4*4^(1/4))  

                       = 3/8

The slope of the tangent line is 3/8 when x = 4.

3. Use the point-slope formula to find the equation of the tangent line:

      y - y1 = m(x - x1)

Where (x1, y1) is the point on the curve where x = 4.

We have:

             f(4) = 4^(3/4)

                    = 8

Therefore, the point on the curve where x = 4 is (4, 8).

Substitute this and the slope we found earlier into the point-slope formula:

                   y - 8 = (3/8)(x - 4)

Simplifying and rearranging, we get:

            y = (3/8)x + 5/2

This is the equation of the tangent line.

We can check that it passes through (4, 8) by substituting these values into the equation:

    y = (3/8)(4) + 5/2

        = 3/2 + 5/2

        = 4

Therefore, the equation of the tangent line to the curve f(x) = x^3/4

when x = 4 is:

                    y = (3/8)x + 5/2.

Therefore, option C is incorrect. Hence, the answer is Option A: y = 12x - 32.

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Find the inverse Laplace transform 5s +2 L-1 (s² + 6s +13) 1-5e-3t cos 2t - 12e-3t sin 2t Option 1 3-5e-3t cos 2t - 6 e³t sin 2t Option 3 13 2-e³t cos 2t - ¹2e-3t sin 2t Option 2 4-5e-3t cos 2t + 6 e³t sin 2t

Answers

3) the inverse Laplace transform is 13 - 2e^(-3t) cos 2t - (1/2) e^(-3t) sin 2t.

Given:

L-1(5s + 2/(s² + 6s + 13))

= (1-5e^(-3t) cos 2t - 12e^(-3t) sin 2t)

We can find the inverse Laplace transform as follows:

L-1(5s + 2/(s² + 6s + 13))

= L-1(5s/(s² + 6s + 13) + 2/(s² + 6s + 13))

L-1(5s/(s² + 6s + 13)) + L-1(2/(s² + 6s + 13))

Applying partial fractions for L-1(5s/(s² + 6s + 13)):

5s/(s² + 6s + 13)

= A(s + 3)/(s² + 6s + 13) + B(s + 3)/(s² + 6s + 13)A

= (-2 - 9i)/10 and B = (-2 + 9i)/10

Therefore,

L-1(5s/(s² + 6s + 13))

= (-2 - 9i)/10 L-1((s + 3)/(s² + 6s + 13)) + (-2 + 9i)/10 L-1((s + 3)/(s² + 6s + 13))

= (-2 - 9i)/10 L-1((s + 3)/(s² + 6s + 13)) + (-2 + 9i)/10 L-1((s + 3)/(s² + 6s + 13))

= (1-5e^(-3t) cos 2t - 12e^(-3t) sin 2t)L-1((s + 3)/(s² + 6s + 13))

= L-1(1/(s² + 6s + 13)) - 5 L-1(e^(-3t) cos 2t) - 12 L-1(e^(-3t) sin 2t)

Applying the inverse Laplace transform for 1/(s² + 6s + 13),

we get:

L-1(1/(s² + 6s + 13)) = (1/3) e^(-3t) sin 2t

The inverse Laplace transform of e^(-3t) cos 2t and e^(-3t) sin 2t are given by:

(L-1(e^(-3t) cos 2t))

= (s + 3)/((s + 3)² + 4²) and (L-1(e^(-3t) sin 2t))

= 4/((s + 3)² + 4²)

Substituting all the values in L-1((s + 3)/(s² + 6s + 13))

= L-1(1/(s² + 6s + 13)) - 5 L-1(e^(-3t) cos 2t) - 12 L-1(e^(-3t) sin 2t)

We get,

L-1((s + 3)/(s² + 6s + 13))

= (1/3) e^(-3t) sin 2t - 5(s + 3)/((s + 3)² + 4²) - (24/((s + 3)² + 4²))

Therefore,

L-1(5s + 2/(s² + 6s + 13))

= (-2 - 9i)/10 ((1/3) e^(-3t) sin 2t - 5(s + 3)/((s + 3)² + 4²) - (24/((s + 3)² + 4²)))

Option 3 is correct: 13 - 2e^(-3t) cos 2t - (1/2) e^(-3t) sin 2t.

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It was a difficult moment, but I did what seemed right, which was to say, Of course not, and then to take her onto my lap and hold her for a while.Which statement best describes how this excerpt gives context to the rest of the selection? aThe narrator refuses to talk about his stories, so he writes about other war experiences in his books. bThe narrator denies having killed someone, so instead he writes stories about the war and does not include those details. cThe narrator wants to be able to tell people his stories, but it is not always appropriate, so he writes them down. dThe narrator decides it is best to tell his daughter when she is an adult, so he waits until then to explain his actions.Please help!!!!!! An electron is confined in a harmonic oscillator potential well. A photon is emitted when the electron undergoes a 31 quantum jump. What is the wavelength of the emission if the net force on the electron behaves as though it has a spring constant of 3.6 N/m? (m el = 9.11 10-31 kg, c = 3.00 108 m/s, 1 eV = 1.60 10-19 J, = 1.055 10-34 J s, h = 6.626 10-34 J s)Log in to add commentAdvertisementExpert-Verified Answer1 person found it helpfulauthor linkHistrionicusAce7.7K answers67.4M people helpedThe wavelength of the emission if the net force on the electron behaves as though it has a spring constant of 3.6 N/m -Formula:The energy of the photon emitted in a harmonic oscillator:Given:m: initial state = 3n: final state = 1k = 3.6N/mSolution:By replacing the values of m for the electron, m, nGet more Answers for FREESnap questions with the app, get community help, find expert textbook explanations, and see instant step-by-step math solutions.Why am I seeing this?By creating an account, you accept the Brainly Terms of Service(opens in a new tab) & Privacy Policy(opens in a new tab).Already have an account? Log inby watching video0.0(0 votes)Answerauthor linkmavila18Ambitious1K answers3.9M people helped0.0(0 votes)Still have questions?You might be interested inshelbmcc23171asked 07/19/2019An electron is confined in a harmonic oscillator potential well. What is the longest wavelength of light that the electron can absorb if the net force on the electron behaves as though it has a spring constant of 74 N/m? (m el = 9.11 10-31 kg, c = 3.00 108 m/s, 1 eV = 1.60 10-19 J, = 1.055 10-34 J s, h = 6.626 10-34 J s)See answers (1)4/52ggutierrez1231139 avatarggutierrez1231139asked 02/19/2020What is the frequency for a beam of electrons orbiting in a field of 4.62 x 10^-3 T? Let the mass of an electrons m = 9.31 x 10^-31 kg, and the charge on an electron q = -1.60 x 10^-19 C.See answers (1)jackieec7926asked 04/23/2019Through what potential difference V must electrons be accelerated (from rest) so that they will have the same wavelength as an x-ray of wavelength 0.150 nm ? Use 6.631034 Js for Planck's constant, 9.111031 kg for the mass of an electron, and 1.601019 C for the charge on an electron. Express your answer using three significant figures.See answers (1)mholt2212asked 08/22/2019The electrons in a beam are moving at 18 m/s. (melectron = 9.11 10^-31 kg, h = 6.626 10^-34 J s) (a) What is its momentum? (b) What is its de Broglie wavelength these electrons? (c) If the electron beam falls normally on a diffraction grating, what would have to be the spacing between slits in the grating to give a first-order maximum at an angle of 30 with the normal to the grating?See answers (1)New questions in PhysicsParticles q, 92, and q3 are in a straight line. Particles q = -5.00 10-6 C,q2 = +2.50 10-6 C, and 93 -2.50 10-6 C. Particles q and q2 areThe wave function for a particle in a box of length 3.3 a.u. (arbitrary units) is shown below. ()=sin(()\(3.3)) In the wavefunction, is an integerWHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A SWITCH? a b C D Makes the electricity current flow safer Conserve energy Makes it easier to use electricity All ofWHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A SWITCH? a b C D Makes the electricity current flow safer Conserve energy Makes it easier to use electricity All ofThe ground state wavefunction of the hydrogen electron in spherical coordinates depends on the radius and the Bohr radius _0. Determine the expressionPreviousNext According to the normative decision theory, which of the following is true of the CI decision-making style? a. A leader shares a problem with employees as a group, obtains their ideas and suggestions, and then makes a decision, which may or may not reflect their input. b. A leader shares a problem with employees as a group, and they, together, generate and evaluate alternatives and try to reach an agreement on a solution. c. A leader shares a problem and gets ideas and suggestions from relevant employees on an individual basis. d. A leader uses information available at the time and solves the problem or makes a decision. Find the number that belongsin the green box.376421.130Round your answer to the nearest tenth. a student drove to the university from her home and noted that the odometer reading of her car increased by 14.0 km. the trip took 16.0 min. (for each answer, enter a number.) surveillance, undercover assignments and raids are used only when the interior of sub-saharan africa is dominated by __________. what is the iupac name for the following compound? group of answer choices n-ethylcyclohexanamine n-ethylaniline n-ethylhexanamine n-cyclohexylethanamine n-ethylcyclopentanamine An ideal gas is contained in a piston-cylinder device and undergoes a power cycle as follows:1-2 Isentropic compression from an initial temperature T = 20C with a compression ratio r= 3.52-3 Constant-pressure heat addition3-1 Constant-volume heat rejectionThe gas has constant specific heats with cy = 0.7 kJ/kg K and R= 0.3 kJ/kg.K.Determine the heat and work interactions for each process, in kJ/kg. (You must provide an answer before moving on to the next part.) The work interaction for the process 1-2 is The heat interaction for the process 1-2 is The work interaction for the process 2-3 is The heat interaction for the process 2-3 is The work interaction for the process 3-1 is The heat interaction for the process 3-1 is