The standard change in free energy is -35.76 kJ/mol. Values of standard free energy are obtained from thermodynamic tables.
What is the standard change in free energy?The standard change in free energy can be obtained using the relation;
ΔG°= ΔH° - TΔS
When;
ΔH°f(HI) = 26.466 kJ/mol
ΔH°f(H2) = 0 kJ/mol
ΔH°f(I2) = 0 kJ/mol
ΔS°f(HI) = 221.63 J/K/mol
ΔS°f(H2) = 145.64 J/K/mol
ΔS°f(I2) = 0 J/K/mol
Hence;
ΔH°freaction = [ 2(26.466)] - 0
= 52.932 kJ/mol
ΔS°freaction = [2(221.63 ) ] - [145.64 + 0]
= 443.26 - 145.64 = 297.62 J/K/mol
ΔG°= 52.932 * 10^3 - [298 * 297.62 ]
ΔG°= -35.76 kJ/mol
The standard change in free energy is -35.76 kJ/mol.
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The change in free energy for the given chemical reaction between hydrogen and iodine gas is -31.068 kJ/mol.
How do we calculate the free energy change?Free energy change of any reaction will be calculated by using the below equation:
ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS, where
ΔH° = change in enthalpy
T = absolute temperature = 298K
ΔS = change in entropy
Change in any quantity during the reaction will be find out by substracting the reactant values from product values.
Given chemical reaction is:
H₂(g) + I₂(g) → 2HI(g)
ΔH° = 2(26.466)] - 0 = 52.932 kJ/mol
ΔS = [2(206.6) ] - [131 + 0] = 413.2 - 131 = 282.2 J/K.mol = 0.282 kJ/K.mol
On putting values on above equation, we get
ΔG° = 52.932 - (298)(0.282) = -31.068 kJ/mol
Hence required free enrgy is -31.068 kJ/mol.
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.
Which molecule is a sugar molecule that can be broken down for energy?
Proteins
Peptides
Amino acids
Carbohydrates
Answer:
Carbohydrates
Explanation:
first of all, I took a quiz and got it right but also Carbohydrates fuel the body and are broken down and made into glucose that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. so when absorbed into the bloodstream they travel in the blood to the body's cells where they are used for respiration.
Consider the two‑step synthesis of 2‑hydroxy‑2,4‑dimethylpentanoic acid using the reagents provided
The two step synthesis 2‑hydroxy‑2,4‑dimethyl pentanoic acid of involves compounds as represented in the attached image.
Two step synthesis of organic compoundsFrom the task content:
It therefore follows that the Starting compound A and intermediate compound B are as represented in the attached image.
Compound A is 4-methyl pentan-2-oneRemarks: The reagents provided are, H3O, Potassium cyanide and Hydrogen cyanide.
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Identifying balanced and unbalanced forces
Identify the situations that have an u balanced force. Check all that apply
A baseball speeds up as if it falls through the air
A soccer ball is at rest on the ground
An ice skater glides in a she ighr like at a constant speed
A bumper car hit by another car moves off an angle
A bin goes across the room when the air is released
What determines whether atoms will form chemical bonds.
Answer:
The electron arrangement of the outer energy level of an atom determines whether or not it will form chemical bonds.
Explanation:
Round the mmHg readings to the nearest whole number. Round the kPa readings to the nearest tenth. Round the atm readings to the nearest hundredth. Convert a pressure of 2.76324 kPa to _____ torr
Given the pressure in KPa, the value of the pressure reading in torr obtained is 20.73 torr
Conversion scale101.325 KPa = 760 torr
Data obtained from the question Pressure (KPa) = 2.76324 KPa Pressure (torr) =? How to determine the pressure in torrThe value of the pressure in torr can be obtained as illustrated below:
101.325 KPa = 760 torr
Therefore,
2.76324 KPa = (2.76324 × 760) / 101.325
2.76324 KPa = 20.73 torr
Thus, 2.76324 KPa is equivalent to 20.73 torr
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To what temperature must a sample of helium gas be cooled from 139ºC to reduce its volume from 3.1 L to 0.71 L at constant pressure?
Taking into account the Charles's law, to 94.36 K or -178.64 °C must a sample of helium gas be cooled from 139ºC to reduce its volume from 3.1 L to 0.71 L at constant pressure.
Charles's lawThis law states that the volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas: for a given sum of gas at constant pressure, as the temperature increases, the volume of the gas increases, and as the temperature decreases, the volume of the gas decreases.
In summary, Charles' law is a law that says that when the amount of gas and pressure are kept constant, the ratio between volume and temperature will always have the same value:
[tex]\frac{V}{T} =k[/tex]
Studying two different states, an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is satisfied:
[tex]\frac{V1}{T1} =\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]
Temperature of helium gasIn this case, you know:
V1= 3.1 LT1= 139 C= 412 K (being 0 C= 273 K)V2= 0.71 LT2= ?Replacing in Charles's law:
[tex]\frac{3.1 L}{412 K} =\frac{0.71 L}{T2}[/tex]
Solving:
[tex]\frac{3.1 L}{412 K} T2=0.71 L[/tex]
[tex]T2 =\frac{0.71 L}{\frac{3.1 L}{412 K}}[/tex]
T2= 94.36 K= -178.64 °C
Finally, to 94.36 K or -178.64 °C must a sample of helium gas be cooled from 139ºC to reduce its volume from 3.1 L to 0.71 L at constant pressure.
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Fluorine gas is placed in contact with calcium metal at high temperatures to produce calcium fluoride powder. What is the
formula equation for this reaction?
+
1.F2(1) + Na(s) — NaF2(s)
2.F2(g) + Ca(s) — CaF20)
3 F2(g) + Na(s) — NaF 2(0)
4. F2(g) + Ca(s) __, CaF2(s)
Answer: B aka #2
Explanation:
The Chemical equation for this reaction is F[tex]_2[/tex](g) + Ca(s) → CaF[tex]_2[/tex]. Therefore, the correct option is option B.
Chemical equations are symbols or chemical formulas that depict a chemical reaction symbolically. With a plus sign separating the entities in the reactants and products, the reactant objects are listed on the left as well as the product objects are listed on the right.
The critical values of a stoichiometric values are shown as coefficients alongside the symbols or formulas of the various entities. Fluorine gas is placed in contact with calcium metal at high temperatures to produce calcium fluoride powder. The formula equation for this reaction is
F[tex]_2[/tex](g) + Ca(s) → CaF[tex]_2[/tex]
Therefore, the correct option is option B.
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How do changes in the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels affect plant life? Select the two correct answers.
Increased carbon dioxide levels slow plant growth.
Acid rain removes nutrients from soil.
Increased nitrogen dioxide levels provide nutrients for plants.
Warmer temperatures support plant growth.
Increased ozone levels slow plant growth.
What happens when carbon dioxide from the atmosphere dissolves in seawater?(1 point)
Ocean waters become more acidic.
Ocean temperatures rise.
Ocean levels rise.
Oceans are better able to support most sea life.
Which of the following chemicals are pollutants released when people burn fossil fuels? Select the two correct answers.(1 point)
helium oxide
dihydrogen oxide
nitrogen dioxide
argon dioxide
sulfur dioxide
How does the use of fossil fuels affect the cryosphere?(1 point)
Acid rain containing sulfur dioxide corrodes sea ice and glaciers.
Higher levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause sea ice to melt.
Higher levels of ground-level ozone protect glaciers from the sun's rays.
Particulate matter in the atmosphere helps new glaciers form.
Why are rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere harmful?(1 point)
Carbon dioxide increases people's risk of asthma.
Carbon dioxide blocks the sun's rays from reaching Earth's surface.
Carbon dioxide traps heat in Earth's atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide harms plant life.
Acid rain removes nutrients from soil and Ocean waters become more acidic.
Effect of burning fossil fuels on plant life and atmosphereOcean waters become more acidic when carbon dioxide from the atmosphere dissolves in seawater because the carbondioxide reacts with water produces carbonic acid.
When fossil fuels are burned, they release nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, which contribute to the formation of smog and acid rain.
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Answer:
How do changes in the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels affect plant life? Select the two correct answers.
-Acid rain removes nutrients from soil.
-Increased ozone levels slow plant growth.
What happens when carbon dioxide from the atmosphere dissolves in seawater?(1 point)
-Ocean waters become more acidic
Which of the following chemicals are pollutants released when people burn fossil fuels? Select the two correct answers.(1 point)
-nitrogen dioxide
-sulfur dioxide
How does the use of fossil fuels affect the cryosphere?(1 point)
-Higher levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause sea ice to melt.
Why are rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere harmful?(1 point)
-Carbon dioxide traps heat in Earth's atmosphere.
Explanation:
Which process or processes produce an increase in entropy? i. n2(g) 3h2(g) right arrow. nh3(g) ii. c10h8(g) right arrow. c10h8(s) iii. ch3oh(l) right arrow. ch3oh(aq) i only ii and iii iii only i and iii
Entropy is commonly understood as the system's degree of disorder or unpredictability. The correct option is, (C) (iii) only
What is entropy?Entropy is a thermodynamic number that represents the inability of a system's thermal energy to be converted into mechanical work and is commonly understood as the system's degree of disorder or unpredictability.
The degree of unpredictability of a molecule rises when it transitions from a solid to a liquid state. As a result, the entropy will rise.
Similarly, when we move from a liquid to a gaseous state, the unpredictability of the molecule increases. As a result, the entropy will rise.
However, as we progress from gas to liquid to solid, the degree of molecular randomization reduces. As a result, the entropy will decrease.
Or, to put it another way, the higher the number of moles in a product, the higher the entropy.
(i) [tex]N_2(g)+3H_2(g) \rightarrow 2NH_3(g)[/tex]
Entropy falls in this reaction because the number of moles on the product side is fewer than the number of moles on the reactant side.
(ii) [tex]C_{10}H_8(g) \rightarrow C_{10}H_8(s)[/tex]
Entropy lowers in this process because the degree of randomness of the molecules diminishes as we move from a gas to a solid-state.
(iii) [tex]CH_3OH(l)\rightarrow CH_3OH(aq)[/tex]
Because the methanol liquid dissociated into ions, the number of moles present on the product side is more than the number of moles present on the reactant side, entropy rises in this reaction.
Hence, the correct option is, (C) (iii) only.
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0.5mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid is added gradually to a flask containing 20cm3 of 2 mol/ dm3 sodium hydroxide solution.
What is the total volume, in cm3, of the mixture in the flask when the solution is just neutral?
A 30
B 40
C 60
D 100
Answer:
The answer is B which is 40
From the calculations and the data presented, the total volume in the flask is 100cm^3
What is neutralization?A neutralization occurs between an acid and a base to yiled salt and water only.
The reaction equation here is; HCl + NaOH -----> NaCl + H2O. Now, the volume of HCl used is obtained from;
2 * 20 * 1/0.5 * 1 = 80 cm^3
Total volume in the flask = 80 cm^3 + 20cm3 = 100cm^3
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Can you dissolve. 35 moles of potassium permanganate (kmno4) into 500 ml of water? _________ why? / why not?
Yes, we can dissolve 35 moles of KMnO₄ into 500 mL of water to give a molarity of 70 M
What is molarity?Molarity is defined as the mole of solute per unit litre of solution. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
Molarity = mole / Volume
How to determine the molarity Mole of KMnO₄ = 35 moles Volume = 500 mL = 500 / 1000 = 0.5 L Molarity =?Molarity = mole / Volume
Molarity = 35 / 0.5
Molarity = 70 M
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We can not dissolve 35 moles of potassium permanganate into 500 ml of water as it produces the solution with higher molarity than water have.
What is molarity?Molarity of any solution is define as the number of moles of solute present in per liter of the solvent as:
M = n/V
The molarity of the solvent, water, is the highest for aqueous solutions and molarity of 1000g of pure water in 1 liter is 55.5M
Given that,
n = moles of potassium permanganate = 35 molesV = Volume = 500 mL = 500 / 1000 = 0.5 LOn putting values, we get
M = 35/0.5 = 70M
Preparation of this solution is impossible.
Hence, KMnO₄ will not dissolve in the water as it produces solution with higher molarity than water.
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The graph shows the potential energy diagram for an unknown chemical change.
Which chemical change could the graph represent? (1 point)
Group of answer choices
Electrolysis of water
Combustion of iron
Photosynthesis in plants
Adding heat to decompose calcium carbonate
Based on the energy usage shown by the graph, the best option for the chemical change represented is the combustion of iron.
What chemical change is shown by the graph?The combustion of iron in oxygen leads to the formation of Iron (III) oxide in solid form.
For the combustion of iron to happen, a lot of heat has to be applied to the iron which is why the potential energy of reactants is high. As the reaction progresses, the energy needed reduces as iron (III) oxide is formed.
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PLS HELP ASAP ILL MARK BRAINLIEST. And this is science btw.
Answer:Opposite
Explanation:
Can anyone help me on this please.
A container with a volume 2.0 l is filled with a gas at a pressure of 1.5 atm. by decreasing the volume of the container to 1.0 l, what is the resulting pressure? type in your answer using the correct number of significant figures. remember to use the formula for boyle's law: p1v1 = p2v2 atm
Answer:
3.0 atm
Explanation:
got it right on edge after guessing 2 times
The resulting pressure of the gas after decreasing the initial volume is 3 atm.
What is Boyle's Law?According to the Boyle's Law at constant temperature, pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas:
P ∝ 1/V
For the given question required equation is:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂, where
P₁ = initial pressure = 1.5 atm
V₁ = initial volume = 2 L
P₂ = final pressure = ?
V₂ = final volume = 1 L
On putting all these values on the above equation, we get
P₂ = (1.5)(2) / (1) = 3atm
Hence required pressure is 3 atm.
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PLEASE HELP
2. Calcium hydroxide, used to neutralize acid spills, reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce calcium
chloride and water. If you spilled 85.0 grams of hydrochloric acid and put 120 grams of calcium
hydroxide on it, which one is the limiting reactant? Answer:
Answer:
hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Explanation:
balanced equation: Ca(OH)2+2HCl -> CaCl2+2H2O
85.0/36=2.33 mol HCl
120/74=1.62 Ca(OH)2
2.33 mol HCl x 1 mol CaCl2/2 mol HCl = 1.165 mol CaCl2
1.62 mol Ca(OH)2 x 2 mol CaCl2/1 mol Ca(OH)2 = 3.24 mol CaCl2
7.13 g of NaF are dissolved in enough water to make 201 mL of solution. What is the molarity of this solution
Answer:
0.846MExplanation:
To find the molarity, we have an equation: moles ÷ liter.
To find the moles of NaF, take the gram ÷ molar mass of NaF
7.13/42.0 = 0.170 moles of NaF
201 ml ÷ 1000 = 0.201L
0.170 ÷ 0.201 = 0.846MWhat is the difference between a reflected and a diffracted sound wave?
Answer:
Diffraction involves a change in direction of waves as they pass through an opening or around a barrier in their path.
Reflection involves a change in direction of waves when they bounce off a barrier; refraction of waves involves a change in the direction of waves as they pass from one medium to another
Explanation:
If we use water waves as an example, waves hitting shallower water at an angle will slow down and change direction slightly. That is refraction
Waves hitting an island will bend and eventually close in on the "shadow" of the island. That is diffraction
What conditions makes the wind blow faster and stronger?
Larger differences in air pressure over a large area.
Small differences in air pressure over a large area.
Larger differences in air pressure over a small area.
Small differences in air pressure over a small area
Larger differences in air pressure over a small area makes the wind blow faster and stronger.
What is pressure?Pressure is defined as the force applied on an object perpendicular to it's surface per unit area over which it is distributed.Gauge pressure is a pressure which is related with the ambient pressure.
There are various units by which pressure is expressed most of which are derived units which are obtained from unit of force divided by unit of area . The SI unit of pressure is pascal .
It is a scalar quantity which is related to the vector area element with a normal force acting on it.It is distributed over solid boundaries and across arbitary sections of fluid normal to the boundaries at every point.
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Calculate the [H+] in a 1.0 M solution of HA
Mass defect for oxygen-16 = 0. 13261 amu How many kilograms does the mass defect represent? 1. 66 × 10-27 kg 2. 20 × 10 -28 kg 3. 0 × 108 kg 8. 24 x 1025 kg.
Mass defect for oxygen-16 = 0. 13261 amu, in the kilograms the mass defect equals to 2.20 × 10⁻²⁸ kg.
What is mass defect?Mass defect is the difference between the mass of of an whole atom and the combined mass of its individual particles present in that atom.
We know that, 1 amu = 1.6 × 10⁻²⁷ kg
Given that, mass defect for oxygen-16 = 0.13261 amu
To calculate this defect in terms of kilograms, we have to convert into kg unit as:
0.13261 amu = 0.13261 amu × 1.6 × 10⁻²⁷ kg/amu
0.13261 amu = 2.20 × 10⁻²⁸ kg
Hence option (2) is correct.
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Is food a fuel? Explain your answer. a ?
Answer:
no, food is not a fuel because it just give energy to do many activities but it will not provide any fuel only the dead and decaying material which berries under the soil then after a long years it becomes fossil fuel
Describe how to express the rate of a chemical reaction
Answer: A “rate” is a measure of the speed of any change that occurs within an interval of time In chemistry, reaction rate is expressed as the amount of reactant changing per unit time. Example: 3 moles/year, or 5 grams/second
Explanation: A “rate” is a measure of the speed of any change that occurs within an interval of time In chemistry, reaction rate is expressed as the amount of reactant changing per unit time. Example: 3 moles/year, or 5 grams/second
Answer:
Chemical reaction rates are usually expressed as the concentration of reactant consumed or, the concentration of product formed per unit time.
Explanation:
Have a great rest of your day
#TheWizzer
When people talk about the phrase “blood sugar,” they really mean?
Answer:
Specific chemical sugar glucose
Explanation:
When we say “blood sugar,” we mean the specific chemical sugar glucose. Diabetes is all about glucose. There lots of sugars….table sugar is sucrose, malt sugar is maltose, milk sugar is lactose, and you’ve probably heard of fructose.
Blood sugar, or glucose, is the main sugar found in your blood. It comes from the food you eat, and is your body's main source of energy. Your blood carries glucose to all of your body's cells to use for energy.
Pls mark me brainiest and my name is Misty.
nitrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas to produce nitrogen dioxide gas
Answer:
answer is nitrogen dioxide
A soft drink contains 12.1% sucrose (C12H22O11) by mass. What volume of the soft drink solution in milliliters contains 102.5 g of sucrose? (Assume a density of 1.04 g/mL)
The volume of the soft drink solution in milliliters that contains 102.5 g of sucrose is 11.93mL.
How to calculate volume?The volume of a solution can be calculated by dividing the mass by the density. That is;
Volume = mass/density
According to this question, a soft drink contains 12.1% sucrose (C12H22O11) by mass. This means that the mass of the sucrose is
12.1/100 × 102.5 = 12.40g of sucrose
Volume = 12.40g ÷ 1.04g/mL
Volume = 11.93mL
Therefore, the volume of the soft drink solution in milliliters that contains 102.5 g of sucrose is 11.93mL.
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a.
Which of the following correctly describes the composition of an electromagnetic wave?
a transverse electric wave and a magnetic C. a transverse electric wave and a magnetic
transverse wave that are parallel and are
transverse wave that are parallel and are
moving in the same direction
moving at right angles to each other
b. a transverse electric wave and a magnetic d. a transverse electric wave and a magnetic
transverse wave that are perpendicular and are transverse wave that are perpendicular and are
moving in the same direction
moving at right angles to each other
Answer:
a transverse electric wave and a magnetic transverse wave that are perpendicular and are moving in the same direction.
Explanation:
hope this helps!
How long will hydrogen peroxide make a dog throw up?.
2. 14g of Nitrogen gas and 8.0g of hydrogen react to produce ammonia according to the equation: N2 + 3H2 -- 2NH3 Calculate the mass of hydrogen leftover once the reaction has happened.
a) Identify the limiting reagent in this reaction. Give a reason for your answer.
b) Determine the amount, in moles of the limiting reagent.
c) Determine the amount, in moles of the excess reagent.
d) Determine which reactant will produce the least amount of ammonia.
e) Calculate the amount, in moles of H2, reacted, when the limiting reagent has been used up.
f) Give the mass of the amount of H2 that has reacted
Based on the equation of the reaction, nitrogen is the limiting reagent while hydrogen is the excess reagent.
What is the mole ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen in the formation of ammonia?Hydrogen and nitrogen combines to form ammonia ina mole ratio of 3 : 1 as shown by the equation of the reaction below:
N2 + 3H2 -- 2NH3The number of moles of the reactants in 14g of Nitrogen gas and 8.0g of hydrogen is calculated as follows:
Moles = mass/molar massMolar mass of N_{2} = 14.0 g
Molar mass of H_{2} = 2.0 g
Moles of N_{2} = 14/14.0 = 1 mole
Moles of H_{2} = 8/2.0 = 4 moles
Based on the data above:
The limiting reagent is nitrogen gas as it will be used up while hydrogen will be left over.The moles of nitrogen is 1 moleHydrogen is the excess reagent and 1 mole will be left over 3 moles of hydrogen will react with 1 mole of the nitrogen gas mass of 3 moles of hydrogen is 3 × 2.0 g = 6.0gTherefore, the limiting reagent is nitrogen while hydrogen is the excess reagent.
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Based on the ksp experiment describe a way to soften water by removing calcium ions
Addition of sodium carbonate is a way to soften water by removing calcium ions
How calcium ions are removed?Water can be softened by the addition of lime to precipitate the calcium as carbonate. Sodium carbonate is also added to remove the remaining calcium salts and to make the water soft.
So we can conclude that addition of lime or sodium carbonate is a way to soften water by removing calcium ions.
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A process based on ksp experiment to soften the water by removing calcium ions is by ion exchange resin process in which the calcium ion is substituted by a sodium ion.
What is removing calcium ions from water?The water containing a large number of calcium ions is called hard water.
Hard water is not suitable to use.
To remove calcium ion or soften the water, there are various methods are used.
They are ion exchange resin, distillation, and sodium hydroxide.
Thus, a process based on ksp experiment to soften the water by removing calcium ions is by ion exchange resin process in which the calcium ion is substituted by a sodium ion.
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