Explain what you are observing in the containers. When referencing charts(Graphs) indicate which parameters would be the control, the dependent and or the independent variable. how does this experiment relate to our planet. What is being released from the baking soda.

ANSWER

Energy is created ------ (option C)

EXPLANATION

During the chemical reaction process, reactants need to be converted to form products. To balance such chemical reaction equation, we need to apply the law of conservation of mass

Law of conservation of mass states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another.

In the process ofa chemical reaction, bonds are broken are the reactants side, bonds are formed on the products side and mass is conserved

Therefore, the correct answer is Energy is created

The balanced equation of the reaction of the metal hydride, KH, and water is given below:

Metal hydrides are compounds that are composed of a reactive metal chemically combined with hydrogen.

The hydrogen atom is less electropositive than the metal and will accept electrons from the metal to form the negative hydride ion.

For example, Group 1A metal hydrides react with water to produce hydroxides and hydrogen gas.

Considering the above property, the given reaction will be:

KH (s) + H₂O(l) ---> KOH + H₂ (g)

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Both calcium oxide and carbon dioxide are inorganic compounds where calcium oxide is an ionic compound with a positive end at calcium and negative end at oxygen and carbon dioxide is a covalent compound formed by two double bonds between carbon and each oxygen.

Calcium oxide is also called soda lime which is an inorganic compound formed by the ionic bonding of oxygen and calcium. Calcium is a metal and it is electron rich with 2 valence electrons.

Oxygen is electronegative gas, having 6 valence electrons and require two electrons to be stable. Thus calcium donates its two electrons to oxygen making calcium a positive ions and oxygen a negative ion.

In carbon dioxide, carbon have a valency of four thus, it forms 4 bonds with two oxygens. Double bonds are formed with each oxygen as shown in the image. These bonds are formed by electron sharing and is called covalent.

Calcium carbonate is formed by passing carbon dioxide through lime (CaO) in which Ca exists as Ca²⁺ ion and carbonate as an anion with three negative charges residing on 2  oxygens in CO₃.

Therefore, the structure of each of these compounds depends on the type of bonds between the atoms and it is depicted in the uploaded image.

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In a solution, when we have an acid being dissociated, what is actually happening is that the acid is being pulled apart by solvent molecules, becoming two ions, the proton H+ and the conjugated base, this is what causes the solution to be acidic, and this is also how the strength of the acid is measured. Therefore the best answer is letter D

Answer:

Explanations:

Given the following parameters

Moles of sulfuric acid = 14 moles

According to the Avogadro's constant;

The number of molecules of 14 moles of sulfuric acid is calculated as:

Hence the molecule of sulfuric acid that is contained in 14moles if sulfuric acid is 2.408 * 10^24 molecules

Since the chemical formula of sulfuric acid is expressed as H₂SO₄. This shows that the compound has 2 atoms of Hydrogen, 1 atom of sulfur, and 4 atoms of oxygen.

Hence the number of atoms of oxygen contained in this sample is 4 atoms

Answer

The moles of water that will be produced = 0.343 mol

Explanation

Given:

Mass of Ca(OH)2 = 29.0 g

Mass of HCl = 12.5 g

We know the reaction : Ca(OH)2 + 2HCI —> CaCI2 + 2H2O

Molar mass of Ca(OH)2 = 74.093 g/mol

Molar mass of HCl = 36.458 g/mol

Molar mass of H2O = 18.015 g/mol

Required: Moles of water that will be formed

Solution:

Use the stoichiometry to find the moles of water using both the reactants.

For Ca(OH)2:

For HCl

HCl will produce less moles of H2O, thus HCl is the limiting reactant/reagent and the moles of water that will be produced = 0.343 mol

Lithium nitride is an ionic compound and the chemical formula of lithium nitride is Li₃N and the charges on the ions is Li⁺¹N³⁻ 3 valence electron in lithium and 5 valence electron in nitrogen

Ionic compound is the ion compound these ions are atom that gain or lose electron resulting in a net positive and negative charges and lithium nitride is an ionic compound and in that Li⁺¹N³⁻ is the ion and the arrangement of the valency (outer shell) electrons are 3 valence electron in lithium and 5 valence electron in nitrogen

X = 3 electron

O = 7 electron

And that's why lithium nitride has 10 electron

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Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. Therefore the carbon dioxide in the cartridge inflate a 3.05 L  mountain bike tire to 104.3psi pressure.

Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature.

Mathematically,

PV=nRT

where,

P = pressure

V= volume=3.05 L

n =number of moles=1mole(assumed as it is not given in question)

T =temperature =  302 K

R = Gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol

P × 3.05 L  =1 mole× 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol ×  302 K

P =8.12atm

1 atm = 14.7 psi

Hence Pressure in psi  = 8.12atm×14.7 psi = 119.49 psi

Pressure by the gas= Total pressure - Atmospheric pressure = 119.49 - 14.7 psi = 104.3psi

Therefore the carbon dioxide in the cartridge inflate a 3.79 L mountain bike tire to 104.3psi pressure.

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The arrangement of electrons in orbitals around an atomic nucleus is known as electronic configuration. It is also known as electronic structure or electron configuration. It follows Aufbau's principle, Hund's rule and Pauli's exclusion principle, to fill the electrons in various orbitals according to the energy of the orbitals.

Calcium has 20 electrons, that is, the atomic number of Ca = 20

Hence its electronic configuration will be, 1[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]p^{6}[/tex] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 3[tex]p^{6}[/tex] 4[tex]s^{2}[/tex]

Now, since Argon has 18 electrons, that is, the atomic number of Ar = 18, its electronic configuration will be,

                             Ar =   1[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]p^{6}[/tex] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 3[tex]p^{6}[/tex]

Thus , the simplified electronic configuration of Calcium is,

                                 Ca = [Ar]4[tex]s^{2}[/tex]

Thus, option d)  [Ar]4[tex]s^{2}[/tex] is the correct answer.

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Answer

The element that is oxidized is Si and the one that is reduced is F₂.

Explanation

Si + 2F₂ → SiF₄

The given reaction is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction:

Oxidation: Si → Si⁴⁺ + 4e⁻

Reduction: 2F₂ + 4e⁻ → 4F⁻

Si is a reducing agent, and F₂ is an oxidizing agent.

An oxidizing agent gains electrons and is reduced in a chemical reaction.

A reducing agent loses electrons and is oxidized in a chemical reaction.

Therefore, the element that is oxidized is Si and the one that is reduced is F₂.

The [OH⁻] of the solution with pH of 8.13 is 1.35 * 10-6 M

pH is the measurement of the acidity or basicity of a compound by measuring [H⁻] ions in the solution. It ranges from 0 to 14 with acidic range from 0 – 7 and basic range from 7-14.

pOH is the measurement of the acidity or basicity of a compound by measuring [OH⁻] ions in the solution.

Thus, pH + pOH = 14

pOH = 14 - pH = 14 – 8.13 = 5.87

pOH = - log ([OH⁻])

- log ([OH⁻]) = 5.87

Log ([OH⁻]) = - 5.87

[OH⁻] = 10 ^ - 5.87   = 0.00000134896

[OH⁻] = 1.35 * 10⁻⁶ M

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to solve this we need to use the ideal gas law:

we need to calculate the number of mols of O2

Now we just have to solve for volume and use the number of mols just calculated and the standard pressure (1 atm) and temperature 273.15K:

Answer:

1.11 x 10²³ atoms O

Explanation:

To find the number of oxygen atoms in FeSO₄, you need to (1) convert FeSO₄ from grams to moles (using the molar mass), then (2) convert moles FeSO₄ to moles O (using the mole-to-mole ratio of FeSO₄), and then (3) convert moles O to atoms O (using Avogadro's Number). It is important to arrange the conversions/ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units (the desired unit should be in the numerator). The final answer should have 3 sig figs like the given number (7.00 = 3 sig figs).

Atomic Mass (Fe): 55.845 g/mol

Atomic Mass (S): 32.065 g/mol

Atomic Mass (O): 15.999 g/mol

Molar Mass (FeSO₄): 55.845 g/mol + 32.065 g/mol + 4(15.999 g/mol)

Molar Mass (FeSO₄): 151.906 g/mol

1 mole FeSO₄: 1 mole Fe, 2 mole S, 4 moles O

Avogadro's Number:

6.022 x 10²³ atoms = 1 mole

 7.00 g FeSO₄             1 mole                 4 moles O            6.022 x 10²³ atoms
-----------------------  x  -------------------  x  -----------------------  x  ----------------------------
                                   151.906 g           1 mole FeSO₄                  1 mole

=  1.11 x 10²³ atoms O

According to the Planck's equation which is E= hc/λ the total energy  of 9.4×10¹⁶ photons is 43.446×10[tex]^-17[/tex] J.

Max Planck  discovered the theory which stated that energy is transferred in the form of discrete packs which are called quanta  and thus proposed an equation called the Planck's equation which relates energy and frequency of a photon and is given as, E=hcυ or in terms of wavelength it is ,E=hc/λ.

The equation makes use of a constant which is called the Planck's constant and it's value is 6.626×10[tex]^-34[/tex] Js.

Substituting the given value of wavelength of  one photon  in the above formula containing wavelength,E=6.626×10[tex]^-34[/tex]×3×10⁸/4.3×10⁷=4.622×10[tex]^-33[/tex] J.

Now, for energy of 9.4×10¹⁶ photons =4.622×10[tex]^-33[/tex]×9.4×10¹⁶=43.446×10[tex]^-17[/tex] J.

Thus, the energy of 9.4×10¹⁶ photons is 43.446×10[tex]-17[/tex] J.

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10.81amu

In order to get the average atomic mass of an element, we need the following parameters:

• Natural Abundance (NA),: The percentage of atoms for an element that is a specific isotope.

• Mass (m) ,of each isotope

For the given element (Boron-10 and Boron-11), the natural abundances are 19.78% and 80.22% respectively.

The atomic masses of Boron-10 and Boron-11 are 10.0129amu and 11.0093amu respectively

The formula for calculating the average atomic mass of the element is expressed as:

Substitute the given parameters into the formula to have:

Simplify the resulting expression to have:

Therefore the average atomic mass of Boron is 10.81amu to two decimal places.

The theoretical percentage yield of copper  is 70%

This is further explained below.

Generally, the equation for  yield is mathematically given as

[tex]yield =\frac{\text { mote no. of product }}{\text { mote no. of reactant }} \times 100$[/tex]

Here, Based on Theoretical Yield

[tex]\begin{aligned} \text { mole rio. of reactant } &=-\frac{0.5}{63.546} \text { mole } \\ \end{aligned}$[/tex]

Based on the Actual yield

mole rio. of Product=0.35/63.546 mole

(Here atomic man of Cu=63.546g/mol )

Therefore, we apply the initially stated equation for %yield

So,  %yield =[tex]\frac{\frac{0.35}{63.546}}{\frac{0.5}{(63.546}} \times 100 \%$[/tex]

=[tex]\frac{0.35}{0.5} \times 100 \%\\[/tex]

=0.7 *100%

=70%

In conclusion,  the percentage yield is 70%

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Temperature is a way to measure the kinetic energy of the molecules of gases. The kinetic energy is a kind of energy that a moving body has. it is related to the mass of the body and the speed they are moving. The kinetic energy can be calculated as:

Where Ek is the kinetic energy, m is mass of the molecules and v is the speed of the molecule

Knowing that gasses with the same temperature have same kinetic energy, then gasses with larger mass will move slower and viceversa.

Since the molar mass of those gases are:

He: 4.00 g/mol

SF6: 146.06 g/mol

SO2: 64.066 g/mol and

Ar: 39.948 g/mol

the ligther gasses move faster and the hevier slower, so we just have to order them by increasing mass:

He, Ar, SO2 and SF6

Usually, scientists will collide a large isotope such as Uranium-235 with a neutron. The collision results in several more nuclear fissions, also known as a chain reaction. This results in a HUGE release of energy!

Nuclear fission is a type of nuclear reaction in which a large isotope such as uranium-235b is split into two or more smaller isotopes with the release of large quantities of energy and radiation.

The process of nuclear fission in large isotopes can be initiated by colliding or bombarding these large isotopes with fast-moving neutrons which splits the nucleus of the atom, releasing energy ad more neutrons that will split more atoms of the large isotope, resulting in a chain reaction.

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Mole equation: [tex]n=\dfrac{m}{MM}[/tex]

To find mass given number of atoms:

We're given:

In the chemical formula, which is Ag, there is only 1 atom.

Divide [tex]1.81*10^{23}[/tex] atoms by 1 atom to get the number of molecules in the silver ring:

[tex]1.81*10^{23}\div 1\\=1.81*10^{23}[/tex]

Therefore, there are [tex]1.81*10^{23}[/tex] molecules in the silver ring.

Now, divide [tex]1.81*10^{23}[/tex] molecules by Avogadro's number to find n:

[tex]\dfrac{1.81*10^{23}}{6.02*10^{23}}\\\\=\dfrac{1.81}{6.02}\\\\=\dfrac{1.81}{6.02}\\\\= 0.30066[/tex]

Therefore, the sample has 0.30066 mol.

Finally, solve for the mass using the moles equation:

[tex]n=\dfrac{m}{MM}[/tex]

⇒ Rearrange the equation:

[tex]m=n*MM[/tex]

⇒ MM of Ag = 107.87 g/mol

⇒ Plug in given information:

[tex]m=0.30066* 107.87\\m=32.4[/tex]

Therefore, the mass of the ring is 32.4 g.

32.4 g

The empirical formula corresponds to the simplest form of expressing a compound, it indicates the proportion of atoms in the molecule.

We have two elements S and F and they give us the mass resulting from the decomposition of the molecule. We can find the moles of each element using the atomic weight of each element as follows:

To find the ratio between the elements we divide the moles of each element by the smallest number of moles found, that is by 0.028 moles.

Therefore the empirical formula of the compound will be:

Answer

4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O

Explanation

Sodium reacts with oxygen to form sodium oxide and has the following balanced chemical equation:

4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O.

Hence, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sodium and oxygen is:

4Na + O2 to 2Na2O

The planet, known as Proxima b, may be warm enough for liquid water to exist on its surface and hence be suitable for life because it is located within the star's "habitable zone."

Applying Kepler's laws: The sun is at the centre of elliptical planetary orbits, according to the first law. Second Law: The radius vector from the sun to a planet covers the same area in exactly the same amount of time. Third Law: For every planet, there is a constant relationship between the cube of the elliptical semimajor axis and the square of the period of revolution.

Since the angular momentum is changing at a rate of zero, the angular momentum must be constant, which implies that the rate of change of the swept-out area for the celestial body's orbit must also be constant. This leads to Kepler's Second Law, which states that celestial objects in orbit cover equal regions in similar amounts of time.

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We have the following formulas for the given compounds:

1. Magnesium nitride ---> Mg3N2

2. Lithium oxide ---> Li2O

3. Aluminum sulfite ---> Al2(SO4)3

4. Copper (II) bicarbonate ---> Cu(HCO3)2

5. Sodium nitrate ---> NaNO3

For the given formulas we have the following names:

6. SrI2 ---> Strontium iodide

7. Ba3(PO4)2 --->Barium phosphate

8. (NH4)2O ---> Ammonium oxide

9. Fe(ClO)3 ---> Iron(III) hypochlorite

10. ZnCrO4 ---> zinc chromate

Thermal energy is transferred from a hot body (higher temperature) to a colder body (lower temperature). In these energy exchanges, two types of changes are observed: temperature or physical state. These variations occur both with energy intake and loss. What is being transferred between the two bodies is heat.

Answer: A. Heat.

To solve such type of question we must be knowing the concept behind the ideal gas equation. The final pressure of the gas mixture after the addition of the Ar gas is 2.25 atm

Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume, temperature and number of moles of gas

Mathematically,

PV=nRT

according to question T and V is constant

P ∝ n

P₁/n₁= P₂/n₂

Where

P₁ = initial pressure= 0.75atm

P₂ = Final pressure=?

n₁= number of moles of gas initially present=n

n₂ = Final moles of gas present=2n

Substituting into the given equation

P₂= P₁n₂/n₁

P₂ = 0.75atm ×2n/n

P₂ = 1.5 atm

The total pressure of the gas=partial pressure of N2 +  partial pressure after addition of Ar = 0.75 atm + 1.5 atm = 2.25 atm

The final pressure of the gas mixture after the addition of the Ar gas is 2.25 atm

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From the calculations, the molarity of the iodine solution is 0.025 M and the mass of the arsenic oxide solution is 0.066 g.

Let us recall that the molarity is defined as the ratio of the number of moles to the volume of the solution. It is a measure of the amount of substance present. Ley us now try to use what we know to obtain the molarity of the solution in each of the cases of the questions.

a) Using;

CAVA/CBVB = NA/NB

CA = Amount of thiosuphate

CB = Amount of iodine

VA = volume of thiosuphate

VB = volume of iodine

NA = number of moles of thisulphate

NB = Number of moles of iodine

Hence;

0.1047 M * 18.59 mL/CB * 38.62 mL = 2/1

0.1047 M * 18.59 mL * 1 = CB * 38.62 mL * 2

CB = 0.1047 M * 18.59 mL * 1 /38.62 mL * 2

CB = 1.946/77.2

CB = 0.025 M

b) Using the formula;

Number of moles = concentration * volume

Number of moles = 0.025 M * 26.64 /1000 L

= 6.66 * 10^-4 moles

Again;

1 mole of the arsenic oxide reacts with 2 moles of iodine solution

x moles of the arsenic oxide reacts with 6.66 * 10^-4 moles of iodine

x = 1 mole *  6.66 * 10^-4 moles/ 2 moles

x = 3.33  * 10^-4 moles

Mass of the arsenic oxide = 3.33  * 10^-4 moles * 197.8 g/mol

= 0.066 g

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A component that many space agencies use is liquid hydrogen, which can be abbreviated as LH2.

And another fuel very used in rockets is kerosene which is a hydrocarbons mixture of other compounds that fuel.

Answer:

Most liquid chemical rockets use two separate propellants: a fuel and an oxidizer. Typical fuels include kerosene, alcohol, hydrazine and its derivatives, and liquid hydrogen. Many others have been tested and used. Oxidizers include nitric acid, nitrogen tetroxide, liquid oxygen, and liquid fluorine.

Explanation:

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Answer:

In the early 1900's, Paul Drüde came up with the "sea of electrons" metallic bonding