The open section of DNA, where the DNA polymerase attach and replicate is called a replication fork. The enzyme that helps for this is called DNA polymerase and strand which grow continuously is called Leading strand. As a result two daughter DNAs are produced.
DNA replication is an important step during cell division, and in this step two copies of DNA is produced. DNA polymerase is the enzyme that undertaken the replication. First the DNA strands unwinds and an open structure is formed called a replication fork.
DNA polymerase synthesize DNA in 5' - 3' direction, continuous strand is produced from only one strand and is called the leading strand. On the other strand, fragments of DNA are produced, called Okazaki fragments. These are glued together to form a strand by DNA ligase enzyme.
As a result, two daughter DNAs which are identical are formed.
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Which statement best describes how selective breeding affects the genetic makeup of purebred dog populations?
A. Dogs exhibiting desirable characteristics are bred only with one another, so genetic diversity decreases.
B. Purebred dog breeds have higher rates of genetic mutation than mixed breeds, so genetic diversity increases.
C. Desirable characteristics, such as soft fur, become more common in purebred dogs, so genetic diversity increases.
D. All harmful traits are eliminated from purebred dog breeds, so genetic diversity decreases.
Dogs exhibiting desirable characteristics are bred only with one another, so genetic diversity decreases best describes how selective breeding affects the genetic makeup of purebred dog populations. Option A. is the correct answer.
What IS selective breeding genetic makeup?This refers to choosing parents that have particular characteristics to breed together and give rise to offspring with more desirable characteristics. Humans have selectively bred plants and animals for thousands of years including crop plants with better yields.
Selective breeding has three techniques namely:
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researchers suggest a dose of at least grams of protein per meal is ideal to promote muscle synthesis.
A dose of at least 20-25 grams of protein per meal is suggested by researchers as ideal to promote muscle synthesis.
The intake of the said amount of quality protein is believed to maximize muscle protein synthesis in adults. This rate is, however, highly dependent on the type of other macronutrients present and consumed. Any extra protein above this level is oxidized to release energy or converted to form organic acids and urea.
Studies show that protein intake is maximum during dinner, about 28 grams. The breakfast gives about 15 grams of protein. However, ideally, more protein should be consumed during breakfast.
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20 to 25 grams of protein per meal is an ideal dose in order to promote muscle synthesis.
Proteins are basically the building blocks of the muscles which are present in our body while the muscle protein synthesis or MPS is a naturally occurring metabolic process in which there is an incorporation of the amino acids into the bound muscle skeleton proteins.
20 to 25 grams of protein per meal is said to be an ideal dose in order to promote muscle synthesis. However, the metabolism of the protein is dependent upon a number of different factors like the age of individual, the amount of lean body mass etc.
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How are the proces of food in human stomach
The food gets processed and digested by the stomach with the help of certain enzymes and acids which helps in breaking down of food.
The stomach is the first organ which the food reaches after traveling through the food pipe(esophagus). The stomach secretes certain enzymes (these are substances which acts like catalyst to break down proteins in an organism), digestive juices and acids in order to digest food. The periodic contraction of stomach walls also helps in churning of food.
Stomach secretes Hydrochloric acid which breaks down the food and creates an acidic medium for further digestion. The enzymes mainly Lipase, and Pepsin secreted by the cells of the stomach break down the proteins present in the food.
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The complete/correct question should be:
How is the food processed in human stomach?
the structure of a brick does not predict the design of a home. study of muscle tissues does not allow you to predict the design of a bird or snake. such examples demonstrate
Emergent properties that cannot be predicted by examining their parts An entity acquires an emergent attribute as it integrates into a larger system.
Living things benefit from emergent qualities that enable them to survive by better adjusting to their surroundings. At the molecular level, which is the lowest level of organisation, all living things are composed of atoms that have joined together to form substantial biological molecules known as macromolecules. To say that you are just a collection of well-organized atoms may make you seem like the person at a party who drains the life and beauty out of the space. By joining together to form the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids that comprise macromolecules, atoms like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen found in molecules acquire new or emergent capabilities.
The complete question is:
Studying a brick does not predict the design of a skyscraper. Intense examination of muscle tissues does not allow you to predict the design of a kangaroo or clam. The structure of chlorophyll does not dictate the unique structure of a tree. These cases demonstrate:
A. the essential properties of life.
B. the levels of organization from atom to biosphere.
C. determinism, or how all phenomena are predictable effects of causes.
D. emergent properties that are easily predicted by examining their parts.
E. emergent properties that cannot be predicted by examining their parts.
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complete the following paragraph to describe the components necessary for a controlled scientific experiment. responses may be used more than once.
A controlled scientific experiment requires several key components in order to produce valid and reliable results. Firstly, a clear and testable hypothesis must be established to guide the investigation.
Secondly, a controlled experimental design must be implemented to ensure that any observed effects are directly caused by the variables being tested. This includes the use of control groups and multiple experimental groups to hypothesis account for any extraneous variables. Thirdly, accurate and precise measurements must be taken throughout the experiment to ensure that any changes in the hypothesis variables being tested are accurately recorded. Finally, the data collected must be analyzed using statistical methods to determine if any significant differences exist between the groups and whether the hypothesis is supported by the results.
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The Complete Question is:
Refer the below image and refer the answer, the answer is in a paragraph format.
beaker #1 has 93% water contains a cell with 93% water
beaker #2 has 91% water conatins a cell with 80% water
beaker #3 has 92% water contains cell with 99%water
Beaker #4 has 95% water and a cell with 90% water
Which cell would shrink in this example?
The cell that would shrink will be the one in beaker #3. Option 3.
What is water potential?The water potential of a system is the potential energy possessed by the water in the system per unit volume relative to that of pure water in reference conditions.
Water molecules usually move from the region of high to the region of low water potential through a semi-permeable membrane.
In other words, only in beaker #3 will the cell shrinks.
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interpret this student model of palm tree populations on two islands. assume that at time 1 (not shown) all the circles on island 2 were white. now, at time 2, some are green.
The given picture depicts the bottleneck effect and genetic drift occurring in the palm tree populations present on the two islands.
Genetic drift can be defined as mechanism of evolution in which due to random chance or sampling error, the allele frequencies of a population change over generations. Genetic drift is observed in all types of populations of non-infinite size, but its effects are seen to be the strongest in small populations.
Bottleneck effect is basically an extreme example of genetic drift that in which the size of a population gets reduced severely due to natural disasters like fires, earthquakes and floods. As evident in the picture, the population of the palm trees reduces significantly and is a result of bottleneck effect and genetic drift.
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watch darwin's theory of evolution with what he felt was evidence. group of answer choices organisms became different over time. [ choose ] evolution occurs slowly over extended periods of time. [ choose ] organisms have common ancestors. [ choose ] the process that drives evolution is natural selection.
Darwin's theory of evolution basically indicated that natural selection is what drives evolution and the evolution of a population of organism happens slowly which causes these organisms change over time.
Charles Darwin proposed that evolution occurs as a result of a phenomenon which is known as natural selection. Natural selection is basically the process by which the organisms which have the desirable traits, that is, the traits which give them a survival advantage over the other organisms in a population survive.
This evolution via natural selection occurs over a large period of time involving several generations of an organism. These changes cause an organism to change over time.
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Almonds are edible seeds that grow on trees. Wild almonds typically have a bitter taste caused by a chemical in the almond. If an organism eats wild almonds, a chemical reaction occurs that releases the bitter taste. However, a genetic mutation in the almond tree can occur that prevents wild almonds from producing the bitter taste. Which statement describes how this type of mutation could affect these wild almond trees
a
This mutation could decrease the rate of reproduction for wild almond trees
b
This mutation could increase the population of wild almond trees
c
This mutation could decrease the size of wild almond trees
d
This mutation could increase the life span of wild almond trees.
Answer:
a
Explanation:
more animals would eat the seeds since it isn't bitter, decreasing reproduction. If all of the seeds stayed bitter, nothing would eat the seeds, allowing them to spread and grow.
Reviewing binary fission in bacteria
Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
1. Binary fission is a form of ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION because a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring.
2. During binary fission, DNA replication begins at the ORIGIN OF REPLICATION and continues all the way around the circular chromosome.
3. When DNA replication is complete and the bacterium has reached twice its original size, the PLASMA MEMBRANE grows inward, dividing the parent cell into two daughter cells.
4. In theory, the two daughter cells are GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO each other and the parent cell.
5. However, mistakes made during DNA replication sometimes result in MUTATIONS, changes to the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
6. The rapid reproduction and large population sizes of many bacterial populations mean that even a small mutation rate can lead to considerable GENETIC VARIATION.
Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in which a single individual is the sole parent and passes mutation copies of all its genes to its offspring.
During binary fission, DNA replication begins at the origin of replication and continues all the way around the circular chromosome. When DNA replication is complete and the bacterium has reproduction reached twice its original size binary fission, the plasma membrane grows inward, result in mutations, changes to the nucleotide sequence of DNA. The rapid reproduction and large population sizes of many bacterial populations binary fission mean that even a small mutation rate can lead to considerable genetic variation. This high genetic variation is often reproduction beneficial for bacteria, as it increases their ability to adapt to changing environments.
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how frequently will a progeny plant with a genotype of rr yy arise from the following cross: rr yy x rr yy?
a progeny plant with a genotype of rr yy arise from the following cross: rr yy x rr yy. in a dihybrid cross, recombination frequency is usually less than 50%.
To create a genetic linkage map, recombination frequency, a measure of genetic linkage, is used. In meiosis, the frequency of a single chromosomal crossover between two genes is known as the recombination frequency . A recombination frequency of 1% is expressed in terms of a centimorgan (cM). Based on the frequency of recombination between two loci, we may use this method to calculate the genetic distance between them. The actual distance is quite well estimated by this. When there is no recombination, double crossovers occur. Whether crossovers occurred in this instance is unknown. A twofold crossover is quite rare if the loci we're analysing are quite close (less than 7 cM). A double crossover happens more frequently as distances grow.
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c) What conclusion can you make about the SG/density of Earth materials that cannot be
sampled? In other words, why is your average numerical value (from 3a) different
from the average (5.5) of the whole Earth?
The attribute of matter known as density is expressed by a ratio of mass to unit volume of substance. Also known as relative density, specific gravity.
Why do we use specific gravity instead of density?The ratio of a substance's density to that of a standard reference material is known as specific gravity. It is an amorphous quantity. The word relative density is more frequently used since specific gravity, which has nothing to do with gravity, is unclear.If anything has a specific gravity, it will either float or sink. When tested against water, the specific gravity of a solid or liquid is compared; if it is less than one, it will float, and if it is greater than one, it will sink.The specific gravity test can be used to determine a patient's level of hydration or dehydration. It can also be used to detect whether renal tubular concentrating ability has been lost. Specific gravity values are not "abnormal." This test merely reports the urine's concentration.To learn more about density refer to:
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each of the following events occurs during mitosis except . view available hint(s)for part c each of the following events occurs during mitosis except . polar microtubules contract, pulling attached chromosomes toward the poles chromosomes condense microtubules assemble between centrioles nuclear membrane breaks down
Polar microtubules contract, pulling attached chromosomes toward the poles is not correct with respect to mitosis.
This outlines the function of kinetochore microtubules during anaphase. Polar microtubules lengthen during anaphase, leading the cell to become elliptical.
Mitosis is a cell duplication process in which one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. During the several stages of mitosis, the cell's chromosomes are copied and then distributed evenly between the two new nuclei of the daughter cells.
Mitosis is vital for three reasons: development and growth cell replacement, as well as asexual reproduction.
Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, which implies it occurs in all types of cells that do not produce gametes.
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in cloning, where does the DNA of the
clone come from?
The DNA of the clone came from the sex cell
(n) of the organism we want to clone.
The DNA of the clone came from the body cell
(2n) of the organism we want to clone
The DNA of the clone came from the egg
donor.
living systems use energy from the sun or from chemical compounds to do work. some of this energy is lost as heat, reducing the total amount of energy in the universe.
Energy is often defined as the capacity to execute tasks or affect change. Energy comes in a variety of forms. Electrical energy, light energy, and heat energy are a few examples of several types of energy.
Understanding two of the fundamental laws that govern energy is essential to understanding how energy enters and leaves biological systems.
In other words, the universe's energy content has not changed over the course of history. Energy comes in a variety of forms. The first law of thermodynamics states that while energy can change forms or move between locations, it cannot be generated or destroyed.
The complete question is:
True/False: Living systems use energy from the sun or from chemical compounds to do work. Some of this energy is lost as heat, reducing the total amount of energy in the universe.
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ean cell doubling times for the growing root tips of zea mays seedlings planted in loose or compact sand based on the sample means, which of the following conclusions about the cells in the growing root tips of zea mays seedlings is best supported by the results of the experiment?
The experiment results show that more cells are produced per unit of time in root tips growing in compact sand than in root tips growing in loose sand, which supports the conclusions about cells in growing root tips of zea mays seedlings.
Maize (Zea mays) seedlings were grown in either loose or compacted sand with penetration resistances of 0.2 MPa and 3.8 MPa, respectively, to test the effect of mechanical impedance on cell fluxes in the root cap. Image analysis was used to estimate the number of cap cells, and the colchicine technique was used to determine cell doubling times.
mechanical resistance meristematic activity in the root cap's lateral region is slightly increased. Extra border cells released would aid root penetration into the compact sand.
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by definition, a ____ is any ingested substance used by the cells of the body to produce energy, to provide building blocks for new molecules, and to function in other chemical reactions.
A nutrient is any ingested substance used by the cells of the body to produce energy, provide building blocks for new molecules, and to function in other chemical reactions.
Nutrients are fundamental for the development and upkeep of the human body. They incorporate macronutrients like sugars, proteins, and fats, as well as micronutrients like nutrients and minerals.
Carbohydrates give energy to the body, proteins are utilized for the development and fixing of tissues, and fats act as a wellspring of energy and help in the retention of specific nutrients.
Nutrients and minerals are additionally fundamental for the body to work appropriately and are required in smaller amounts than macronutrients.
Nutrients are gotten from the food we eat, and a reasonable eating routine containing a wide range of food sources is critical to guarantee that the body gets every one of the fundamental nutrients.
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which of the following organ systems, along with the skeletal system, play a role in movement in vertebrates? select all that apply.
Which of the following organ systems, along with the skeletal system, play a role in movement in vertebrates? select all that apply. a. Nervous system b. muscular system c. cardiovascular system.
All options are correct ,The following organ systems, along with the skeletal system, play a role in movement in vertebrates.
Muscular system: muscles generate force and movement by contracting and relaxing. The muscles are attached to the bones and when they contract, they cause movement at the joints. Muscles also provide stability to joints and help maintain posture. Nervous system: the nervous system controls and coordinates muscle contractions and movements. The nervous system also receives sensory information from the muscles and joints, allowing for fine-tuned control of movement. Cardiovascular system: the cardiovascular system provides the necessary oxygen and nutrients to muscles for movement. Oxygen is used by the muscles during the process of cellular respiration to generate energy, and without it, the muscles would be unable to contract.
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This topographic map shows the western part of Madeira, a Portuguese island.
Select the square that shows water flowing from an elevation of 1,200 meters to an elevation of 1,000 meters.
According to the information, it can be inferred that the chart that shows the water flowing from 1,200 m elevation to 1,000 m elevation is C3.
How to identify the painting that shows water flowing from 1,200 to 1,000 meters elevation?To identify the picture that shows the water flowing from 1,200 meters to 1,000 meters of elevation, we must analyze the map legends. If we look at the C4 painting, it is the highest point of that mountain with 1,320 meters of height.
Due to the above, it can be inferred that the lines around it represent lower heights. For example, in the case of table C3, it represents a drop of 200 meters in elevation that ranges from 1,200 to 1,000 meters. So, that is the picture that shows that unevenness.
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The continuum below shows the development of the human embryo into an adult and the types of stem cells involved.
List the four types of stem cells, give an example of each type, and explain how much each type can differentiate.
The embryo (at this stage known as a blastocyst) comprises an inner cell mass that is capable of producing all the specialized tissues that make up the human body during days 3-5 after fertilization and prior to implantation.
What are stem cells?ESCs are produced from the inner cell mass of an in vitro fertilized embryo that has been given for study after receiving informed consent. ESCs are not made from eggs that have been fertilized inside of a woman.
Only found in the early stages of development, pluripotent stem cells are capable of developing into practically any form of cell. The goal of research is to comprehend how these cells differentiate during development.
We may be able to apply these developmental mechanisms to stem cells de rived from adult stem cells as we learn more about them.
Therefore, The embryo (at this stage known as a blastocyst) comprises an inner cell mass that is capable of producing all the specialized tissues that make up the human body during days 3-5 after fertilization and prior to implantation.
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organisms with the genotypes aabbccdd and aabbccdd are crossed. what are the expected proportions of the following progeny? 1. A_B_C_D_.
2. AabbCcDd
3. a phenotype identical to either parent.
4. A_B_ccdd
please help..
Option 2, The expected proportion of progeny with the genotype AabbCcDd is 100%, this genotype represents offspring that inherits the same genotype as the parents,
When both parents are homozygous for all the genes, the offspring will only inherit the same genotype as the parents. This means that the offspring will also be homozygous for all the genes and will have the same phenotype as the parents. since the parents are homozygous for all the genes all the offspring will inherit this genotype.There will be no genetic diversity among the progeny. The expected proportion of progeny with a phenotype identical to either parent is 100%, since both parents are homozygous for all the genes, all the offspring will inherit the same genotype and therefore will have the same phenotype as the parents.
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Qué sucederá con mayor probabilidad si una persona no consume el requerimiento mínimo diario de carbohidratos
Si una persona no consume el requerimiento mínimo diario de carbohidratos entonces ell/ella tendra que quemar grasas del cuerpo para obtener energia.
¿Qué son los carbohidratos en la dieta?Los carbohidratos son un tipo de macronutrientes que proporcionan energía para el cuerpo. Están compuestos por una combinación de carbono, hidrógeno y oxígeno. Los carbohidratos se pueden encontrar en alimentos como el arroz, la pasta, los panes y los cereales. Estos alimentos se clasifican como almidones y azúcares simples.
Por lo tanto, los carbohidratos son una fuente de enrergia consumida en la dieta y su eliminacion invariablemente llevara a obtener energia de las grasas corporales.
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Roy's doctor recommended that he watch his blood cholesterol level because his of
reading of over 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). Although Roy's cholesterol was not
excessively high, his doctor advised him to improve his eating and exercise habits
because of a genetic disposition to heart disease. Which of the oils below would be the
best choice for Roy if he wanted to reduce his intake of saturated fats?
A. coconut oil
B. soybean oil
C. canola oil
D. peanut oil
E. palm oil
C. Canola Oil
According to the American Medical Association, Canola oil has the lowest saturated fat content among the options given. Saturated fats can raise LDL cholesterol in the blood which can increase the risk of heart disease. So, if Roy wants to reduce his intake of saturated fats, it would be best for him to choose Canola oil as it has the lowest saturated fat content among the options. Canola oil is high in monounsaturated fats and low in saturated fats, making it a healthier option than other oils high in saturated fats, such as coconut oil, palm oil, and peanut oil. Soybean oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, and safflower oil also have relatively lower saturated fat content compared to the other options, but canola oil has the lowest.
An experimental fish farm consists of a simple idealized food chain: algae, zooplankton, and fish (that eat only zooplankton). In this pond, the algae grow at a rate of 40 kg per square metre of pond surface per year. How large a pond is required to harvest 200 kg of fish every year? Explain your answer
The area of the pond required to produce 200 kg of fish based on the food chain is 1000 m².
What is a food chain?A food chain is a network of links in a food web that runs in a straight line from producer organisms to apex predators, detritivores, or decomposer species.
The food chain in the pond is given below:
algae ---> zooplankton ---> fish
10% of energy is transferred to the next energy level.
If the algae growth rate is 20 kg/m²/year, the zooplankton will provide 2 kg/m²/year and fish will have 0.2 kg/m²/year.
The area of the pond required to produce 200 kg of fish = 1 * 200/0.2
The area of the pond required to produce 200 kg of fish = 1000 m².
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The following activities and body conditions affect blood pressure by changing one of the two listed factors.Drag the appropriate physiological changes to their respective bins.physiological changes:- blood donation- high-altitude living- increased sympathetic activity- smoking- excessive sweating- growthBins:- blood volume- total peripheral resistance
Blood volume: blood donation, excessive sweating. total peripheral resistance: high-altitude living, increased sympathetic activity, smoking, growth.
Beginning at age 18, request a blood pressure check at least every two years from your doctor. Request a blood pressure check every year if you are 40 years of age or older, or if you are between the ages of 18 and 39 and have a high risk of developing high blood pressure. If you have high blood pressure or other heart disease risk factors, your healthcare professional may advise more regular readings. If you don't see a doctor on a regular basis, you might be able to get a free blood pressure check at a community health fair or other event. There are also free blood pressure monitors in several shops and pharmacies. For guidance on using public blood pressure devices, see your healthcare professional.
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How did DDT impact eggs
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
High concentration of DDT interferes with the calcium metabolism .Shells of the eggs in birds in made up of calcium carbonate, since DDT inhibits the Ca metabolism it results into the thinning of shells of the eggs . Hence it makes the eggs susceptible to pre mature breaking and causes decline in bird population .
Location One: Select two events that you predict will be observed. If I explore two continental plates at a convergent boundary, then I will observe: __________________________
A. earthquakes
B. faults
C. ocean formation
D. mountains
E. volcanoes
F. island chains
G. seafloor spreading
please pick two! ^^
I will find faults and earthquakes if I investigate the convergence of two continental plates.
Ocean is the name of what?The ocean, a vast saltwater body that makes up around 71 percent of the surface of the Earth, is enormous. Despite the fact that there is only one ocean on the planet, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, or Arctic oceans are the four conventional divisions made by oceanographers and nations around the world.
The reason for the name "ocean"The Latin word "keanos," which means "huge stream around the earth's disc," is whence the English word "ocean" is derived. The single body of water that the Greeks thought encircled the planet was described in this way.
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Hi I really need help on this question I have read my biology book over and over again and can’t find the answer to this question can someone please help me it is for biology 104
Name the one animal that does not have cell forming layers
Answer: sponges
Explanation: I think it is sponges as they do not exhibit tissue-layer organization and they do have different cell types that perform distinct functions and they also lack any real organs...
Which of the
following is only
applicable in the
United States?
A. Clean Air Act
B. Paris Agreement
C. Kyoto Protocol
D. Montreal Protocol
Clean Air Act is only applicable in the United States.
What do you mean by Clean Air Act?
The Clean Air Act is a body of legislation in the United States that was enacted in 1970 to regulate air pollution and protect the public from the effects of air pollution. It is a set of laws and regulations that are designed to reduce and control emissions of hazardous pollutants into the atmosphere. The Clean Air Act requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set standards for the acceptable level of air pollution and to monitor and enforce those standards. The Act also provides grants to states and local governments to help them fund and implement programs to reduce air pollution.
The Clean Air Act is only applicable in the United States as it is a law passed by the United States Congress and applies only within the United States' borders. Other countries have their own laws to regulate air pollution and emissions standards, but they are not subject to the Clean Air Act.
Hence, option A is correct.
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you are investigating the inheritance of two rare conditions (a and b) in an extended family of thoroughbred racehorses. you have constructed the following pedigree for these conditions. a pedigree of inheritance of two rare conditions, a and b. a male individual in the first generation has condition b. in the second generation, this condition does not appear. in the third generation, condition b is found in two male individuals, who are the descendants of the individuals affected by this condition in the first generation. one of the affected individuals in the third generation is inbreeding and has one female and one male as descendants. the female descendant also has this b condition. in the unrelated family condition a appears only in the second generation in a female individual. there is no a condition in the first, third, and fourth generations. identify the inheritance mode of each condition by using the labels to complete the table. labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A-autosomal recessive condition
B-X-linked recessive condition
[Start a pedigree investigation by figuring out how the ailment is inherited.
-
Is the ailment dominant or recessive? An affected person must have at minimum one parent with a dominant condition.
A recessive condition is one in which two unaffected parents produce an affected child. (This holds true for both circumstances A and B.)Start a pedigree investigation by figuring out how the ailment is inherited.
-Is the disorder X-linked or autosomal recessive? Two unaffected parents produce a female child that is affected, indicating an autosomal recessive disorder. (This applies to situation A.) The male parent will be impacted if the ailment were X-linked. Select the simpler option for the observed pattern—that is, the mode requiring fewer unrelated individuals to have the mutation—to distinguish among rare X-linked and autosomal recessive diseases.
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