DNA strands run in 1 of 2 directions depending on which end of the strand is free and which end has a phosphate bond. One direction is 5' to 3' (__________) and the other direction is 3' to 5' (downstream). __________ polymerase binds to the DNA at the TATA box and unzips the double helix. Working along the DNA chain, RNA polymerase reads the DNA nitrogenous bases and matches RNA nitrogenous bases from the nucleus (uracil instead of thymine). As it moves, RNA polymerase re-zips the DNA behind it and lets the mRNA separate from the DNA. It continues to do this until it reaches a sequence downstream called a __________ signal. In other words, RNA polymerase copies the DNA sequence downstream of the TATA box into an mRNA strand.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The answers in the blank spaces:

1. Upstream

2. RNA

3. Terminator

Explanation:

This question is describing the process of transcription, which is the process whereby DNA template is used to synthesize an mRNA molecule. Transcription involves three stages viz: initiation, elongation and termination.

- DNA strands run in 1 of 2 directions depending on which end of the strand is free and which end has a phosphate bond. One direction is 5' to 3' (UPSTREAM) and the other direction is 3' to 5' (downstream). An enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at the TATA box and unzips the double helix (INITIATION).

- Working along the DNA chain, RNA polymerase reads the DNA nitrogenous bases and matches RNA nitrogenous bases from the nucleus (uracil instead of thymine). As it moves, RNA polymerase re-zips the DNA behind it and lets the mRNA separate from the DNA (ELONGATION).

- It continues to do this until it reaches a sequence downstream called a TERMINATOR signal (TERMINATION). In other words, RNA polymerase copies the DNA sequence downstream of the TATA box into an mRNA strand.


Related Questions

Describe the effects of estrogen on
the developing female reproductive
system.

Answers

Answer:

In females, estrogens affect the ovaries, vagina, fallopian tubes, uterus, and mammary glands. In the ovaries, estrogens help to stimulate the growth of the egg follicle; they also stimulate the pituitary gland in the brain to release hormones that assist in follicular development.

What is one way during the G0 phase that a mistake during the cell cycle could result in problens for the G0 phase?​

Answers

The G0 phase (G sub zero) or the zero of G is a period of the cell in which it remains in a vegetative state. The G0 phase is seen as a distinct and quiet stage that occurs outside the cell cycle. This phase is related to the "Post-Mitotic" state because they are in a non-dividing phase outside of the cell cycle; some cell types (such as neurons and heart muscle cells) when they reach maturity (that is, when they are terminally differentiated) become post-mitotic (enter the G0 phase), and perform their main functions for the rest of the life of the organism. Poly-nucleated muscle cells that do not undergo cytokinesis are often considered G0 phase cells.

The G0 phase (G sub zero) or the zero of G is a period of the cell in which it remains in a vegetative state.This phase is related to the "Post-Mitotic" state because they are in a non-dividing phase outside of the cell cycle.

Which muscle cells are often considered as G0 phase cells?

Poly-nucleated muscle cells that do not undergo cytokinesis are often considered G0 phase cells.The G0 phase is seen as a distinct and quiet stage that occurs outside the cell cycle.

Mitosis is the procedure with the aid of which a mobile replicates its chromosomes after which segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in training for mobile division. Mitosis is generally followed by way of same department of the mobile's content material into  daughter cells that have identical genomes.

The two phases of cell cycle are interphase in which DNA replication occurs, 3 stages of interphase are: G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase and mitotic in which division occurs phase. Mitosis occurs after the completion of DNA replication and doubling of chromosome number and cell contents and after mitosis, two daughter cells are produced of equal number of chromosomes.

Therefore, The G0 phase (G sub zero) or the zero of G is a period of the cell in which it remains in a vegetative state.This phase is related to the "Post-Mitotic" state because they are in a non-dividing phase outside of the cell cycle.

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Each trait of a plant is determined by
one gene
one dominant gene
a pair of genes
an allele

Answers

Answer: an allele .

Explanation:

Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly. Which microscope allows two samples to be viewed simultaneously? Forensic scientists use the microscope to view two samples simultaneously at extreme magnification.

Answers

Answer:

Comparison microscope

Explanation:

The correct answer would be the comparison microscope.

The comparison microscope consists of two compound microscopes with a center eyepiece. The eyepiece captures and displays the images from the two microscopes and the observer can compare and contrast for investigative purposes.

The capacity to produce two images for comparison purposes makes the microscope useful in forensic investigations.

How does the structure of DNA explain chargaff's rule?

Answers

Answer:

Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any species of any organism should have a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio (base pair rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to thymine

Chargaff's Rule explains that in the natural DNA, the total number of guanine equals to the number of cytosine and the total number of adenine equals to the number of thymine. This tells about the base pair composition of DNA molecule.

What is Chargaff's rule?

Chargaff's rule states that in the DNA molecule of any species or organism, the total amount of guanine residues should be equal to the amount of cytosine residues and the amount of adenine residues should be equal to the amount of thymine residues. A stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 of purine and pyrimidine bases i.e., A + G = T + C should be fulfilled.

Chargaff's rule describes the ratio of the various nitrogenous bases present in the DNA molecule. It aids in the determination of the structure and composition of DNA in living organisms. It is constant for a species.

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Mass measures the amount of ______ in a substance
or an object.

a matter
b space
c gravity
d vapour

Answers

Answer:

theianswer to this is A. Matter

The difference between active and passive transport is that–

A. Passive transport requires energy to move molecules up a concentration gradient, and active transport does not.

B. Passive transport can only move specific particles across a membrane, and active transport can move any particle.

C. Active transport requires energy to move molecules up a concentration gradient, and passive transport does not.

D. Active transport moves molecules in animal cells, and passive transport moves molecules in plants.

Answers

Answer:b

Explanation:

Answer:

moves particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

Explanation:

edge

How does DNA in cells determine an organism's complex traits?

A. DNA contains codes for proteins, Which are necessary for the growth and functioning of an organism

B. DNA separates into long single strands that make up each part of an organism

C. DNA produces the energy an organism needs in order to grow

D. DNA folds into the nucleus of each of the cells of an organism


PLEASE HELP!!

Answers

I think answer should be d. Please give me brainlest I hope this helps let me know if it’s correct or not okay thanks

Answer:

A. DNA contains codes for proteins, Which are necessary for the growth and functioning of an organism

Explanation:

There is a belief that there are as many neurons in the human body as there are stars in the Milky Way Galaxy. Do you believe this? How would you react on this?

Answers

Answer:

I do believe this. If you take the amount of neurons in the average adult body and expand them to the size of a say a blueberry It would expand to be the approximately the size of the sun

Explanation:

The given statement is true. It is a surprising fact that helps a person to believe that his brain has the power to take him beyond expectations.

What are Neurons?These are the nerve cell that is found in the brain and nerve tissue in the body.It has been estimated that there are 100 billion neurons in the human brain which is about the number of stars in our Galaxy.The human brain is very complex and this complexity comes from such a huge number of neurons.

Therefore, the given statement is true. It is a surprising fact that helps a person to believe that his brain has the power to take him beyond expectations.

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please help!! 15 points

Answers

Answer:

The answer is the age of the rock.

Explanation:

Scientists can use their tools and DNA to figure out the age of rocks.

1) As altitude increases, what happens to the atmospheric temperature in the following layers:

Troposphere:

Stratosphere:

Mesosphere:

Thermosphere:

Answers

Answer:

troposphere like and comment

Explain the production of urine, include the processes of Ultra filtration and selective reabsorption.

Answers

Answer:

Urine Is 95% Water

Explanation:

The Glomerulus Filters Water and Other Substances from the Bloodstream

The Filtration Membrane Keeps Blood Cells and Large Proteins in the Bloodstream

Reabsorption Moves Nutrients and Water Back into the Bloodstream

. Waste Ions and Hydrogen Ions Secreted from the Blood Complete the Formation of Urine

What type of mutation is shown in the example below?
Original DNA: ATCGTCGTCGT
Mutated DNA: ATCGTCGTGT

Answers

It is a deletion mutation

Explain why many plant parts appear green in color?

Answers

Answer:

The chlorophyll inside the plants cells give the plants its pretty, green colour.

It's because of the chlorophyll

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1. Which criteria are used to classify amphibians into orders?

Answers

Answer:

They are classified into three orders: frogs and toads, salamanders and newts, and caecilians.

Approximately 8,100 species of living amphibians are known. First appearing about 340 million years ago during the Middle Mississippian Epoch, they were one of the earliest groups to diverge from ancestral fish-tetrapod stock during the evolution of animals from strictly aquatic forms to terrestrial types. Today amphibians are represented by frogs and toads (order Anura), newts and salamanders (order Caudata), and caecilians (order Gymnophiona). These three orders of living amphibians are thought to derive from a single radiation of ancient amphibians, and although strikingly different in body form, they are probably the closest relatives to one another.

Why are the rocks on the bottom folded but the top ones are not? What could’ve caused this?

Answers

Answer: The basic answer could be because of the tectonics plates.

Explanation: Because when two forces act towards each other from opposite sides, rock layers are bent into folds.

Typically, sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers, one on top of the other, the oldest items are listed last, followed by the youngest, this is the concept of "superposition.

Why are rocks folded?

Erosion has removed the top layers of the rocks, resulting in the formation of valleys and hills, the top layer might be penetrated with sufficient power. The plates might shift due to erosion, and plate movement.

Many of the stratified rocks, however, are no longer horizontal, we know that sedimentary rocks that are not horizontal either were created in unique ways.

Therefore, more frequently, were shifted from their horizontal position by subsequent processes, such as tilting during episodes of mountain construction, thanks to the Law of Original Horizontality.

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how can pioneer species benefit the whole biological community?

Answers

Explanation:

"Over hundreds of years these “pioneer species” convert the rock into soil that can support simple plants such as grasses. These grasses further modify the soil, which is then colonized by other types of plants. Each successive stage modifies the habitat by altering the amount of shade and the composition of the soil."

Compare the planets Mars and Saturn. Describe how their common characteristics are similar.

Answers

Answer:

Both Mars and Saturn have rings.

Mars And Saturn both have rights with them

Inherited used in a sentence

Answers

I inherited my parents genes.

How did the invention of the microscope contribute to knowledge about 1p living things?​

Answers

Answer:

It made it possible for people to discover and learn about cells.

Explanation:

The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living beings. A cell can also be defined as a morphological, functional, and reproductive unit of all living beings.

Every living organism is made up of one or more cells. All cells are created from an existing cell. A cell is the smallest unit that has all the characteristics of life. A set of cells of similar or the same appearance, embryonic origin, and function is called tissue.

The science that studies the cell is called cytology. There are organic and inorganic compounds in the cell. Of the inorganic compounds, water and salts are the most common. Organic compounds in the cell contain carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

The_______
is a theme in the Gospel of Mark that portrays the disciples and others as recognizing Jesus' identity as the Messiah
Jesus directed them not to tell anyone else.

Answers

Answer:

Messianic secret

Explanation:

The Messianic secret is a theme in the Gospel of Mark that portrays the disciples and others as recognizing Jesus' identity as the Messiah. Jesus directed them not to tell anyone else.

Hope this helps!

pls mark brainliest :)

How do fungi and plants differ?

Answers

Answer:

Option 2, i hope that helps instead of my last answer, lol

Answer:

Explanation:

One of the main differences between plants and fungi is that fungi have chitin as a component of their cell walls instead of cellulose. ... Fungi absorb all the nutrients they need from the soil unlike plants which require chlorophyll to conduct photosynthesis.

Hopes this helps tbh-

Crossing-over occurs
a. during prophase 2.
c. during prophase I.
b. during fertilization.
d. at the centromere

Answers

C. Prophase 1 crossing over occurs during prophase 1 of meiosis.
Answer : prophase I

Internets prove: Crossing over occurs only during prophase I.
The complex that temporarily forms between homologous chromosomes is only present in prophase I, making this the only opportunity the cell has to move DNA segments between the homologous pair.

Write any three differences between infectious and non- infectious disease


please its aurgent ​

Answers

Answer:

Infectious diseases are transmitted from person-to-person through the transfer of a pathogen such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. A non-infectious disease cannot be transmitted through a pathogen and is caused by a variety of other circumstantial factors.

Explanation:

When a human cell divides in mitosis, the two daughter cells will each have: _____

Answers

Answer: In mitosis a cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. It is important that the daughter cells have a copy of every chromosome, so the process involves copying the chromosomes first and then carefully separating the copies to give each new cell a full set. Before mitosis, the chromosomes are copied.

A scientist is treating rice plants with a chemical that causes mutations. What is the possible benefit of this treatment? A. clones B. transgenic plants C. increased genetic variation D. increased hybridization

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Its either B or C, look closely at the question and at the answers, you can narrow it down from then.

A scientist is treating rice plants with a chemical that causes mutations. The possible benefit of this treatment is transgenic plants. Hence, the correct option is B.

What is mutation?

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. It can result from  errors in DNA replication or exposure to mutagenic agents such as chemicals or radiation, or from spontaneous changes.

Transgenic plants are the plants that have been genetically modified to express specific traits or traits that are not found in the original species. This is done by introducing foreign DNA or chemicals that change the plant's genome. This process is called genetic engineering.

Transgenic plants have become an important tool in agriculture and biotechnology, providing new opportunities for food production, environmental protection and economic growth. Hence, the correct option is B.

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Convection occurs because heated material becomes ____________________. A less dense and rises B denser and rises C denser and sinks D less dense and sinks

Answers

Answer: A less dense and rises

Explanation:

Convection is a type of heat transfer happens when there is a movement of fluid (liquid or gas) in which convection currents are produced due to the movement of hot fluid upwards and cold fluid downwards. This happens as the density of hot fluid decreases due to presence of less number of mmolecules per unit volume. As the hot liquid becomes less dense, it starts moving upwards.

Thus convection occurs because heated material becomes less dense and rises.

I couldn’t fit the whole question in so the last two options are

-Natural disasters are so rare that they have not affected human population very much

-Natural disasters are a concern for human, life and property, but there is nothing we can do to predict them or prepare for them

Im honestly going between the first one and the last

Answers

i don’t know if I’m right but I think the first answer “Natural disasters affect human populations”

6) Pamela went to the doctor for her yearly check-up. They discovered that she had decreased
estrogen and progesterone levels. After a few months of medication, her levels returned to
normal. She stressed to her doctor that she wanted a child. Her doctor said that with the
hormonal supplements, she should be able to conceive a child.
What systems are affected?
Why?

Answers

Answer:

strogen and progesterone levels

Explanation:

she stressed to her doctor

2x+3y=12
x-5y=-7
solve simultaneously ​

Answers

Hey this answer your question
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